1810:
44:
1783:
1743:
1830:
60:
1607:
1386:
1574:
381:
1725:
824:. Elevation varies from 20 to 1000 feet (6 to 300 m). The region lies outside the zone of marine influence, and its medium gradient streams and rivers have lower summer flow than most other parts of the Coast Range. Mature forest types include Douglas-fir, western hemlock, red alder, bigleaf maple, and western red cedar, but today the region is largely dominated by industrial timber plantations. It is the smallest of the Coast Range subregions, covering 354 square miles (917 km) in
1493:. Forests of this region are ecologically and genetically distinct from those of the redwood ecoregions (1i, 1k) farther north. Clear-cut logging was typical from the late 1800s to about the 1960s. Most logging now uses smaller selective cuts. Climate varies from the west to the east, as the high mountain ridges reduce the penetration of maritime air. Winters are cool and wet. On the western side, summers are cool, and fog or low overcast is typical. Soil temperature regimes are mostly
1004:
1849:
1758:
1689:
925:
641:. The Uplands region roughly corresponds with the historic distribution of Sitka spruce. After extensive logging, most of the Sitka spruce is gone, and today the forests are dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock, with a shrub layer of salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, rhododendron, and evergreen blueberry. Wetter slopes and riparian areas feature red alder, bigleaf maple, and western redcedar, with a salmonberry and
1658:
1644:
1674:
1589:
1626:
1131:. In summer, warm, dry, offshore winds also help keep the fog away, making the King Range too dry to support the redwood forests that surround it on three sides. The King Range thrusts 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above the Pacific, making this area one of the more spectacular and remote stretches of coastline in the continental United States. In the northern part of the region, the
2133:
2007:
1951:
841:
868:, thereby degrading stream quality. The vegetation consists of Douglas-fir and western hemlock forests, with sword fern, vine maple, salal, Oregon grape, and rhododendron shrub layer. Wetter slopes and riparian areas support red alder, western redcedar, bigleaf maple, salmonberry, and oxalis. Large herds of
776:. The region's Douglas-fir plantations are heavily logged. Mature forests consist of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, and rhododendron. Wetter slopes and riparian areas may support western redcedar, bigleaf maple, red alder, salmonberry, and
1711:
896:. Elevation varies from 300 to 3000 feet (90 to 900 m). The region is more rugged than the geologically similar Willapa Hills. Its Douglas-fir forests are intensively managed for logging, and the slopes are prone to failure when disturbed, particularly south of the
1433:. Mount Tamalpais and Bolinas Ridge force moisture out of the air as it cools and ascends the steep western mountain faces. These western parts are heavily forested with redwoods and Douglas-fir. A few areas of drier exposures or shallow soils contain grasslands,
1809:
975:, and western redcedar are present, along with salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, rhododendron, California bay-laurel, bigleaf maple, grand fir, red alder, salmonberry, and oxalis. The region covers 692 square miles (1,792 km) in a remote area of
863:
than other upland areas in the Coast Range. Logging is relatively easy and less expensive in this accessible terrain, and industrial timberland has almost completely replaced the historic forests. When disturbed, the silt- and clay-textured soils are easily
2353:
120:
1035:. In some factors, this region has more similarities to the temperate rain forests of the Oregon and Washington Coast Ranges than to redwood forest regions to the south. Dominated by conifers, the region also includes
1031:, young soils with a deep organic debris layer on the soil surface, occasional fire, and silting by floods limits the number of plant species. The region extends north only about 10 miles (16 km) into Oregon near
1521:
ecoregion has lower relief and elevations than
Ecoregion 1n, with more coastal scrub vegetation and a few small areas of cropland rather than the denser forest and woodland of the Santa Cruz Mountains ecoregion (1n).
1191:
that are intermixed with denser areas of forest. The near-coastal part of the region that is influenced more by fog has more redwoods and similarities to
Ecoregion 1i to the north. Soil temperature regimes are mostly
950:
to the east. Rising to an elevation of approximately 4,000 feet (1,219 m), this region has the climate of the Coast Range but the varied lithology of the higher, more dissected
Siskiyou Mountains, underlain by
796:. This large but disjunct ecoregion covers 2,043 square miles (5,291 km) in Oregon and 1,542 square miles (3,994 km) in Washington, including parts of the Olympic and Siuslaw National Forests and the
3061:
573:
loam. The region covers 633 square miles (1,639 km) in Oregon and 353 square miles (914 km) in
Washington, with the largest contiguous areas found near Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the mouth of the
1369:
occur. Most of the streams are small, and dry by the end of the summer. The
Farallon Islands, about 20 miles southwest of Point Reyes, are a group of small granitic islands providing important habitat for
649:. The region is nearly three times the size of the Coastal Lowlands, covering 1,431 square miles (3,706 km) in Washington and 1,117 square miles (2,893 km) in Oregon. Public lands include the
1167:. Unlike the conifer-dominated forests of Ecoregion 1i to the north, these central redwood forests typically are more a mixture of conifers and hardwoods. Vegetation includes a multi-story canopy of
859:) consists of low, rolling hills and low, gently sloping mountains with medium gradient streams and rivers. It rises to an elevation of approximately 1,300 feet (396 m). This region has a lower
900:. Stream sedimentation is higher than in the Volcanics ecoregion. The mature forest consists of Douglas-fir and western hemlock, with salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, and rhododendron;
717:. The region covers 1,685 square miles (4,364 km), entirely on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. The higher elevations of the Olympic Mountains to the east are designated as part of the
2187:
872:
winter in the region. The region covers 1,277 square miles (3,307 km) in southwestern
Washington and 751 square miles (1,945 km) in northwestern Oregon, inland from the coast.
1782:
3036:
1829:
908:, red alder, salmonberry, and oxalis, with California bay-laurel in the south. This is the largest of the Coast Range subregions, covering 3,739 square miles (9,684 km) in the
1405:. This small area of redwoods and other forest types ranges in elevation from sea level to more than 2,500 feet (760 m). It has more relief and coniferous forest than the
1848:
2702:
2942:
2272:
625:, and low mountains surrounding the Coastal Lowlands, with medium to high gradient tannic streams. Elevation varies from 400 to 2500 feet (120 to 760 m). The climate is
1606:
701:
at higher elevations. Riparian zones support red alder and bigleaf maple forests. Much of the region is in the third rotation of logging, including land within the
385:
178:
2892:
2990:
2859:
2197:
2180:
1914:
1890:
369:
220:
216:
2687:
2582:
2632:
2476:
2363:
1885:
1027:. Historically, unbroken redwood forests occurred and moderated local climate by trapping coastal fog and producing shade. The combination of shade,
3016:
2440:
2173:
1879:
658:
1742:
2723:
2297:
1509:. Streams on the northeastern side of the mountains generally are dry during the summer, but streams on the seaward side generally are perennial.
2607:
1573:
1757:
3056:
3031:
2728:
2682:
2491:
2246:
2667:
2552:
2358:
1258:. Monthly and annual temperature variations are minimal and summer fog is common. Vegetation includes coastal grasslands and shrubs, stunted
606:
599:
591:
583:
1220:
ecoregion forms an elevated coastal plain that has less relief (200–800 feet or 61–244 metres) than the adjacent mountains of
Ecoregion 1k.
3051:
2547:
1724:
764:
preserves summer flows that are more consistent than streams on the sedimentary rocks in surrounding ecoregions. The streams still support
662:
2622:
2017:
2801:
2424:
2389:
595:
2978:
2885:
2733:
2692:
2592:
2419:
2394:
2032:
3021:
2486:
1143:
than in
Ecoregions 1i to the north or 1k to the south. Timber production, livestock grazing, and recreation are primary land uses.
2677:
2786:
2466:
1588:
587:
2754:
1657:
2842:
2770:
2642:
2511:
2501:
2456:
2026:
1970:
1541:
are the main rock types compared to the mix of geology in
Ecoregion 1n that includes older sedimentary and some igneous rocks.
240:
43:
2226:
1625:
737:. Elevation generally varies from 600 to 4100 feet (180 to 1250 m), although in some places the volcanic rock extends down to
2697:
2414:
2231:
2738:
2409:
2241:
2143:
2657:
2617:
2521:
2506:
1961:
1139:
drain a hilly-to-steep landscape of mixed evergreen forest, with a land cover that includes a relatively greater amount of
3026:
3011:
2973:
2952:
2921:
2878:
2832:
2707:
2602:
2597:
2496:
2384:
2317:
2221:
1976:
947:
130:
115:
2461:
3066:
2968:
2902:
2791:
2652:
2612:
2379:
1895:
1873:
1156:
1132:
92:
3041:
2806:
2662:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2481:
2287:
1859:
1767:
913:
346:
904:
may be found on drier slopes to the south. Wetter slopes and riparian areas support bigleaf maple, western redcedar,
2531:
2337:
2322:
2137:
2011:
1955:
1485:
species. The shrub layer under forest canopy generally is sparse. Species of limited range in this area include the
2947:
2816:
2637:
2587:
2404:
2312:
2277:
1160:
909:
718:
125:
2847:
2837:
2672:
2627:
2307:
2302:
2282:
685:
and high gradient streams. It rises to an elevation of approximately 4,000 feet (1,219 m). Higher areas were
2399:
2267:
2216:
1530:, and small valleys are the primary landforms. Elevations range from sea level to about 1,000 feet (300 m).
1164:
602:
2332:
2292:
3046:
2796:
2526:
1909:
1673:
1394:
992:
797:
2327:
1688:
1208:. Runoff is rapid and many of the smaller streams are dry by the end of the summer. Natural lakes are absent.
59:
2236:
2811:
2471:
2211:
1635:
1124:
702:
654:
268:
20:
2647:
1385:
988:
650:
1643:
1835:
1816:
1788:
1295:
1028:
801:
706:
500:
110:
1710:
2937:
2516:
2262:
1458:
1454:
1414:
1366:
1279:
1247:
1197:
1168:
976:
829:
694:
439:. Residential, commercial, and recreational developments are expanding in the coastal corridor. Many
260:
1003:
380:
1903:
1246:
rocks. Elevations range from sea level to about 1,300 feet (400 m). Soil moisture regimes are
825:
789:
464:
75:
455:, and associated stream degradation has occurred. Mature forests in the region are dominated by a
2562:
2069:
1598:
1546:
1498:
1486:
1251:
984:
943:
928:
698:
548:
520:
516:
284:
280:
272:
228:
24:
781:
19:
This article is about the ecoregion designated by the EPA. For the mountains in
California, see
1763:
1612:
1579:
1358:
1236:
1140:
1044:
1032:
972:
968:
710:
315:
276:
248:
244:
28:
1183:, evergreen shrubs, and various grasses. In the southern parts of the region, there are more
2572:
2165:
2152:
1730:
1307:
1092:
1040:
956:
860:
540:
532:
512:
417:
below 400 feet (122 m) elevation. Characteristic features include wet forests, shallow
354:
323:
303:
49:
2142:
Griffith, GE; Omernik, JM; Smith, DW; Cook, TD; Tallyn, E; Moseley, K; Johnson, CB (2016).
1409:
ecoregion (6o). Various types of coniferous and hardwood forests occur, composed mostly of
924:
64:
Level III ecoregions in the Pacific Northwest, with the Coast Range ecoregion marked as (1)
1800:
1527:
1398:
1275:
1036:
638:
626:
456:
410:
331:
327:
322:. Historically, Sitka spruce forests dominated the fog-shrouded coast, while a mosaic of
2993:
2862:
2031: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
1975: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
804:
Wildernesses, as well as higher elevations in the Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge.
1855:
1523:
1474:
1470:
1430:
1426:
1354:
1259:
1184:
1084:
785:
769:
575:
552:
508:
414:
80:
3005:
1820:
1796:
1631:
1494:
1482:
1434:
1402:
1334:
1267:
1255:
1193:
1180:
1136:
1116:
1064:
1020:
897:
885:
869:
856:
845:
817:
773:
742:
579:
488:
480:
432:
362:
311:
52:, Oregon, a view of coastal uplands (foreground) and volcanic mountains (background)
1734:
1664:
1594:
1375:
1362:
1052:
964:
939:
689:. Copious precipitation (up to 200 inches (5,080 mm) a year) supports a lush,
556:
544:
536:
472:
358:
319:
264:
252:
2093:
1389:
Ecoregions of the San Francisco Bay Area, including sub-regions of the Coast Range
2870:
1748:
1716:
1679:
1462:
1410:
1406:
1350:
1342:
1299:
1263:
1243:
1172:
1128:
1096:
1024:
1016:
980:
504:
496:
334:
256:
224:
1649:
1490:
1330:
1303:
1240:
1221:
765:
634:
630:
528:
524:
492:
468:
452:
444:
418:
338:
236:
193:
180:
1538:
1534:
1478:
1438:
1322:
1310:. The maritime climate is temperate and humid, with frequent fog. There are
1271:
1228:
1108:
1056:
1048:
967:. Distributions of northern and southern vegetation blend together here and
905:
893:
889:
738:
646:
484:
350:
299:
884:
lies outside of the coastal fog zone and is typically underlain by massive
633:
and minimal seasonal temperature extremes. Abundant fog during the summer
2045:
1616:
1542:
1531:
1379:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1232:
1225:
1120:
952:
757:
753:
749:
690:
678:
295:
2156:
1839:
1815:
Clearcutting and road building, as in this area near the source of the
1422:
1371:
1319:
1188:
1112:
1104:
1072:
1068:
960:
865:
821:
761:
745:
733:
consists of steeply sloping mountains and capes underlain by fractured
714:
686:
448:
440:
425:
342:
307:
288:
760:. High gradient, cascading streams and rivers occur, and the basaltic
1792:
1466:
1418:
1346:
1176:
1100:
1060:
901:
777:
734:
682:
232:
942:
ecoregion that is a transition zone between the Coast Range and the
840:
503:
is common in the south. Estuaries and coastal wetlands may feature
1694:
1554:
1550:
1506:
1502:
1384:
1338:
1205:
1201:
1002:
923:
839:
642:
476:
460:
436:
428:
402:
384:
Level IV ecoregions in the Coast Range in Washington and Oregon. (
379:
87:
793:
622:
582:, and along the southern Oregon Coast. Public lands include the
570:
566:
563:
560:
421:
406:
2874:
2169:
1123:. Although this is one of the wettest spots in California, the
121:
Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands (6)
2354:
6 Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands
697:
of western hemlock, western red cedar, and Douglas-fir, with
447:
of the region's streams have been drained and converted into
368:
The Coast Range ecoregion has been subdivided into fifteen
353:
influences land management strategies; slopes underlain by
1019:
zone and are characteristically covered by fog-dependent
780:. Grassy coastal headlands and mountaintop balds feature
3062:
Plant communities of the West Coast of the United States
1282:, although they do occur in ravines and on some bluffs.
820:
material that forms a series of undulating terraces and
681:
and lower mountains of the Olympic Range, with U-shaped
459:
of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and Douglas-fir, with
1557:. Summer fog is common and winters are cool and moist.
1453:
ecoregion covers the western and southwestern parts of
1159:
from just south of the King Range to just south of the
1549:
temperature regimes. Soil moisture regimes are mostly
1397:
that includes the coniferous and hardwood forests of
1393:
A small outlier of the region occurs in the south in
2961:
2930:
2909:
2825:
2779:
2763:
2747:
2716:
2540:
2449:
2433:
2372:
2346:
2255:
2204:
172:
152:
144:
139:
98:
86:
74:
69:
36:
2608:56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains
535:. Stabilized dunes support shore pine over salal,
1960:Thorson, TD; Bryce, SA; Lammers, DA; et al.
2477:29 Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains (Cross Timbers)
2247:120 Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests
302:are covered by highly productive, rain-drenched
971:is high. Douglas-fir, western hemlock, tanoak,
705:. However, a portion of the region lies within
337:blanketed the inland areas. Today, Douglas-fir
3037:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
1906:maintains an alternate classification system:
1087:to the north and south, the vegetation of the
621:includes the headlands, high marine terraces,
16:Coastal ecoregion in the Western United States
2991:United States Environmental Protection Agency
2886:
2860:United States Environmental Protection Agency
2181:
1915:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1891:List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)
1278:. Terrace soils typically are unsuitable for
1235:form the terraces, and some areas are deeply
275:, it encompasses the lower elevations of the
8:
1862:exemplify the coastal dune forest ecosystem.
2623:60 Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands
2019:Ecoregions of Western Washington and Oregon
2016:Pater, D; Bryce, SA; Kagan, J; et al.
1333:sands. Soil temperature regimes are mostly
936:Southern Oregon Coastal Mountains ecoregion
2893:
2879:
2871:
2802:104 Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands
2703:83 Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands
2188:
2174:
2166:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1196:. Soil moisture regimes are predominantly
1007:Map of Coast Range ecoregion in California
361:and road building than those underlain by
357:are more susceptible to failure following
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1886:List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)
645:understory. The headlands are covered by
1880:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
1619:to the Southern Oregon Coastal Mountains
263:in Washington, the entire length of the
2943:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
2273:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1927:
1778:
1706:
1569:
999:Northern Franciscan Redwood Forest (1i)
748:. Its mountains may have been offshore
741:. The region is marked by columnar and
108:
27:. For the mountains in Washington, see
1878:Ecoregions defined by the EPA and the
1302:and the sand spit at the north end of
1147:Coastal Franciscan Redwood Forest (1k)
979:in southwestern Oregon containing the
920:Southern Oregon Coastal Mountains (1h)
33:
2593:53 Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains
607:Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area
7:
1212:Fort Bragg / Fort Ross Terraces (1l)
2678:72 Interior River Valleys and Hills
1501:. Soil moisture regimes are mostly
1337:. Soil moisture regimes are mostly
1286:Point Reyes / Farallon Islands (1m)
306:that are home to the three tallest
23:. For the mountains in Oregon, see
2688:74 Mississippi Valley Loess Plains
1545:soil type is typical, with mostly
1055:near the coast. Hardwoods such as
1013:Northern Franciscan Redwood Forest
14:
2843:112 Bristol Bay-Nushagak Lowlands
2755:76 Southern Florida Coastal Plain
2583:51 North Central Hardwood Forests
2145:Ecoregions of California (poster)
1823:and affect surface water quality.
1153:Coastal Franciscan Redwood Forest
882:Mid-Coastal Sedimentary ecoregion
341:are prevalent on the intensively
2708:84 Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens
2633:63 Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain
2502:42 Northwestern Glaciated Plains
2227:111 Ahklun and Kilbuck Mountains
2136: This article incorporates
2131:
2010: This article incorporates
2005:
1954: This article incorporates
1949:
1847:
1828:
1808:
1781:
1756:
1741:
1723:
1709:
1687:
1672:
1656:
1642:
1624:
1605:
1587:
1572:
58:
42:
3017:Ecoregions of the United States
2931:Northwestern Forested Mountains
2441:23 Arizona/New Mexico Mountains
2364:8 Southern California Mountains
2256:Northwestern Forested Mountains
2198:Ecoregions in the United States
2027:United States Geological Survey
1971:United States Geological Survey
1079:King Range / Mattole Basin (1j)
431:, and low-gradient, meandering
221:Environmental Protection Agency
2724:49 Northern Minnesota Wetlands
2698:82 Laurentian Plains and Hills
2298:19 Wasatch and Uinta Mountains
2232:113 Alaska Peninsula Mountains
1239:, forming ravines that expose
1015:ecoregion lie entirely in the
1:
3057:Pacific temperate rainforests
3032:Regions of Washington (state)
2739:62 North Central Appalachians
2729:50 Northern Lakes and Forests
2683:73 Mississippi Alluvial Plain
2492:34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain
2410:22 Arizona/New Mexico Plateau
2242:119 Pacific Coastal Mountains
2159:. Open-File Report 2016–1021.
1341:. Common vegetation includes
1218:Fort Bragg/Fort Ross Terraces
2833:109 Subarctic Coastal Plains
2764:Southern Semi-Arid Highlands
2668:70 Western Allegheny Plateau
2658:68 Southwestern Appalachians
2618:59 Northeastern Coastal Zone
2603:55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains
2553:33 East Central Texas Plains
2522:46 Northern Glaciated Plains
2507:43 Northwestern Great Plains
1896:List of ecoregions in Oregon
1874:Coast Range (disambiguation)
1513:San Mateo Coastal Hills (1o)
1292:Point Reyes/Farallon Islands
1254:, and soil temperatures are
1063:occur. Fine and fine-loamy,
876:Mid-Coastal Sedimentary (1g)
609:, and numerous state parks.
93:Temperate coniferous forests
3052:Flora of Washington (state)
2979:80 Northern Basin and Range
2598:54 Central Corn Belt Plains
2548:32 Texas Blackland Prairies
2527:47 Western Corn Belt Plains
2497:40 Central Irregular Plains
2420:80 Northern Basin and Range
2359:7 Central California Valley
1768:Northern Oregon Coast Range
1663:Grasses help stabilize the
1270:, along with areas of some
1091:ecoregion includes a mixed
948:Klamath Mountains ecoregion
914:Southern Oregon Coast Range
816:is a gently sloping fan of
665:national wildlife refuges.
3083:
2462:26 Southwestern Tablelands
2425:81 Sonoran Basin and Range
2390:13 Central Basin and Range
2151:. U.S. Geological Survey.
1457:where vegetation includes
1155:ecoregion extends through
399:Coastal Lowlands ecoregion
18:
2987:
2856:
2734:58 Northeastern Highlands
2693:75 Southern Coastal Plain
2613:57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains
2395:14 Mojave Basin and Range
1445:Santa Cruz Mountains (1n)
1335:isomesic, with some mesic
1011:The low mountains of the
946:, which form part of the
619:Coastal Uplands ecoregion
603:National Wildlife Refuges
269:Northern California Coast
239:. It stretches along the
57:
41:
3022:Ecoregions of California
2910:Marine West Coast Forest
2807:106 Interior Bottomlands
2787:101 Arctic Coastal Plain
2541:Eastern Temperate Forest
2487:31 Southern Texas Plains
2347:Mediterranean California
2205:Marine West Coast Forest
1910:List of ecoregions (WWF)
1838:have the highest living
1089:King Range/Mattole Basin
993:Siskiyou National Forest
752:engulfed by continental
719:North Cascades ecoregion
629:with an extended winter
487:, western redcedar, and
251:in the south, including
2663:69 Central Appalachians
2558:35 South Central Plains
2467:27 Central Great Plains
1902:The conservation group
1519:San Mateo Coastal Hills
1294:ecoregion includes the
987:drainages. It includes
957:metamorphosed sediments
853:Willapa Hills ecoregion
703:Olympic National Forest
655:Siuslaw National Forest
21:California Coast Ranges
2962:North American Deserts
2771:79 Madrean Archipelago
2643:65 Southeastern Plains
2512:44 Nebraska Sand Hills
2457:25 Western High Plains
2373:North American Deserts
2338:118 Wrangell Mountains
2323:105 Interior Highlands
2138:public domain material
2094:"Gymnosperm Database:
2070:"Gymnosperm Database:
2046:"Gymnosperm Database:
2012:public domain material
1956:public domain material
1390:
1107:, as well as areas of
1008:
989:Grassy Knob Wilderness
938:is a geologically and
931:
848:
675:Low Olympics ecoregion
651:Drift Creek Wilderness
389:
310:species in the world:
131:Klamath Mountains (78)
2817:108 Ogilvie Mountains
2563:36 Ouachita Mountains
2532:48 Lake Agassiz Plain
2415:24 Chihuahuan Deserts
2072:Pseudotsuga menziesii
1817:Lewis and Clark River
1789:Rock Creek Wilderness
1582:, Oregon's state tree
1388:
1296:Point Reyes Peninsula
1151:The main part of the
1006:
927:
843:
758:200 million years ago
707:Olympic National Park
501:California bay-laurel
393:Coastal Lowlands (1a)
383:
273:Coast Range mountains
213:Coast Range ecoregion
116:Willamette Valley (3)
37:Coast Range ecoregion
3027:Ecoregions of Oregon
3012:Pacific Coast Ranges
2974:12 Snake River Plain
2953:78 Klamath Mountains
2903:Ecoregions in Oregon
2848:114 Aleutian Islands
2838:110 Seward Peninsula
2792:102 Arctic Foothills
2748:Tropical Wet Forests
2638:64 Northern Piedmont
2405:20 Colorado Plateaus
2385:12 Snake River Plain
2318:78 Klamath Mountains
2048:Sequoia sempervirens
1963:Ecoregions of Oregon
1819:, may contribute to
1451:Santa Cruz Mountains
830:Aberdeen, Washington
713:with extremely high
613:Coastal Uplands (1b)
261:Long Beach Peninsula
247:in the north to the
243:from the tip of the
3067:Nearctic ecoregions
2969:10 Columbia Plateau
2922:3 Willamette Valley
2673:71 Interior Plateau
2653:67 Ridge and Valley
2628:61 Erie Drift Plain
2573:38 Boston Mountains
2380:10 Columbia Plateau
2308:41 Canadian Rockies
2303:21 Southern Rockies
2283:15 Northern Rockies
2222:3 Willamette Valley
2157:10.3133/ofr20161021
1904:World Wildlife Fund
1836:Olympic rainforests
1636:Northern California
1547:thermic to isomesic
1306:, and the offshore
1083:In contrast to the
1075:are typical soils.
940:botanically diverse
826:Grays Harbor County
790:California oatgrass
731:Volcanics ecoregion
637:reduces vegetation
541:evergreen blueberry
376:Level IV ecoregions
370:Level IV ecoregions
217:Level III ecoregion
190: /
126:North Cascades (77)
3042:Oregon Coast Range
2989:as defined by the
2858:as defined by the
2578:39 Ozark Highlands
2568:37 Arkansas Valley
2482:30 Edwards Plateau
2333:117 Copper Plateau
2288:16 Idaho Batholith
1599:Oregon Coast Range
1495:mesic and isomesic
1487:Santa Cruz cypress
1477:, along with some
1391:
1194:isomesic and mesic
1119:cover many of the
1009:
944:Siskiyou Mountains
932:
849:
836:Willapa Hills (1f)
699:Pacific silver fir
549:Chilean strawberry
521:seaside arrowgrass
517:Pacific silverleaf
390:
287:, and surrounding
285:North Coast Ranges
283:, the Californian
281:Oregon Coast Range
219:designated by the
25:Oregon Coast Range
2999:
2998:
2948:11 Blue Mountains
2868:
2867:
2588:52 Driftless Area
2434:Temperate Sierras
2313:77 North Cascades
2293:17 Middle Rockies
2278:11 Blue Mountains
1842:density on earth.
1764:Black-tailed deer
1613:Port Orford cedar
1580:Coast Douglas-fir
1359:Pacific reedgrass
1314:rocks along with
1141:annual grasslands
1045:Port Orford cedar
973:Port Orford cedar
969:species diversity
814:Outwash ecoregion
669:Low Olympics (1c)
627:marine-influenced
316:Coast Douglas-fir
304:evergreen forests
277:Olympic Mountains
249:San Francisco Bay
245:Olympic Peninsula
209:
208:
111:Puget Lowland (2)
29:Olympic Mountains
3074:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2872:
2797:103 Brooks Range
2717:Northern Forests
2400:18 Wyoming Basin
2328:116 Alaska Range
2190:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2096:Picea sitchensis
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1851:
1832:
1812:
1785:
1760:
1745:
1731:Douglas squirrel
1727:
1713:
1691:
1676:
1660:
1646:
1628:
1609:
1591:
1576:
1308:Farallon Islands
1157:Mendocino County
1127:rises above the
1093:evergreen forest
1041:western redcedar
1029:root competition
880:The mountainous
861:drainage density
844:Willapa bay and
513:tufted hairgrass
355:sedimentary rock
324:western redcedar
271:. Named for the
205:
204:
202:
201:
200:
195:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
62:
50:Ecola State Park
46:
34:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3047:Flora of Oregon
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2983:
2957:
2926:
2905:
2899:
2869:
2864:
2852:
2821:
2812:107 Yukon Flats
2775:
2759:
2743:
2712:
2536:
2445:
2429:
2368:
2342:
2268:5 Sierra Nevada
2251:
2217:2 Puget Lowland
2200:
2194:
2164:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2022:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1983:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1925:
1870:
1863:
1860:Humboldt County
1852:
1843:
1833:
1824:
1813:
1804:
1801:cutthroat trout
1786:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1577:
1568:
1563:
1528:coastal benches
1524:Marine terraces
1515:
1447:
1399:Mount Tamalpais
1288:
1276:western hemlock
1214:
1185:coast live oaks
1149:
1085:redwood forests
1081:
1037:western hemlock
1001:
922:
878:
855:(named for the
838:
818:glacial outwash
810:
782:Roemer's fescue
727:
711:ancient forests
671:
659:Lewis and Clark
639:moisture stress
615:
533:Hooker's willow
415:marine terraces
395:
378:
328:western hemlock
198:
196:
192:
189:
184:
181:
179:
177:
176:
168:
135:
107:
106:
65:
53:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:28 Flint Hills
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2237:115 Cook Inlet
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2109:
2085:
2061:
2037:
1981:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1856:Lanphere Dunes
1853:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1597:logged in the
1593:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1514:
1511:
1475:California bay
1471:coast live oak
1446:
1443:
1431:coast live oak
1427:California bay
1355:coast live oak
1287:
1284:
1213:
1210:
1187:and grassland
1148:
1145:
1137:Mattole Rivers
1080:
1077:
1000:
997:
921:
918:
877:
874:
837:
834:
809:
806:
792:, and diverse
786:thin bentgrass
770:chinook salmon
735:basaltic rocks
726:
725:Volcanics (1d)
723:
670:
667:
614:
611:
576:Columbia River
553:dune bentgrass
509:Lyngby's sedge
433:tannic streams
394:
391:
377:
374:
207:
206:
194:43.0°N 123.8°W
174:
170:
169:
167:
166:
163:
160:
156:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
104:
103:
102:
100:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3079:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:1 Coast Range
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:66 Blue Ridge
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:1 Coast Range
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2086:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2062:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1821:slope failure
1818:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:Coast redwood
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:coastal scrub
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:coastal scrub
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:Bolinas Ridge
1400:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:pygmy cypress
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:bigleaf maple
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:Sonoma County
1162:
1161:Russian River
1158:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:coastal scrub
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:coast redwood
1018:
1014:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
926:
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:Siuslaw River
895:
891:
887:
883:
875:
873:
871:
870:Roosevelt elk
867:
862:
858:
857:Willapa Hills
854:
847:
842:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
807:
805:
803:
799:
798:Cummins Creek
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
743:pillow basalt
740:
736:
732:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
709:and contains
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Tillamook Bay
577:
572:
568:
565:
562:
558:
557:Soil textures
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:bigleaf maple
486:
482:
481:riparian zone
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
387:
382:
375:
373:
371:
366:
364:
363:volcanic rock
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Coast redwood
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:Pacific Coast
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:(EPA) in the
222:
218:
214:
203:
175:
171:
164:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
148:United States
147:
143:
138:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
68:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2916:
2450:Great Plains
2144:
2101:. Retrieved
2095:
2088:
2077:. Retrieved
2071:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2047:
2040:
2033:Reverse side
2018:
1977:Reverse side
1962:
1854:The dynamic
1751:hunting fish
1735:Oregon Coast
1665:Oregon Dunes
1595:Sitka spruce
1518:
1516:
1497:, with some
1450:
1448:
1395:Marin County
1392:
1363:coyote brush
1291:
1289:
1217:
1215:
1152:
1150:
1088:
1082:
1053:Sitka spruce
1012:
1010:
977:Curry County
965:serpentinite
935:
933:
881:
879:
852:
850:
813:
811:
808:Outwash (1e)
730:
728:
674:
672:
631:rainy season
618:
616:
600:Bandon Marsh
592:Nestucca Bay
584:Grays Harbor
545:dune wildrye
537:rhododendron
473:Oregon grape
398:
396:
367:
359:clearcutting
320:Sitka spruce
293:
265:Oregon Coast
253:Grays Harbor
212:
210:
199:43.0; -123.8
2517:45 Piedmont
1749:Snowy egret
1717:Coho salmon
1680:Salmonberry
1463:Douglas-fir
1411:Douglas-fir
1407:Marin Hills
1351:Bishop pine
1343:Douglas-fir
1300:Bodega Head
1264:Bishop pine
1244:sedimentary
1173:Douglas-fir
1129:coastal fog
1097:Douglas-fir
1051:, and some
1025:Douglas-fir
1017:coastal fog
991:within the
955:sandstone,
772:and summer
663:Cape Meares
559:range from
505:Baltic rush
497:salmonberry
479:layer. The
453:dairy farms
445:floodplains
349:landscape.
339:plantations
335:Douglas-fir
257:Willapa Bay
225:U.S. states
197: /
173:Coordinates
3006:Categories
2938:4 Cascades
2901:Level III
2263:4 Cascades
2196:Level III
2103:2012-02-05
2079:2012-02-05
2055:2012-02-05
1923:References
1775:Landscapes
1650:Vine maple
1491:Shreve oak
1331:Quaternary
1304:Bodega Bay
1260:beach pine
1241:Cretaceous
1229:sandstones
1222:Quaternary
1125:King Range
802:Rock Creek
768:of spring
695:rainforest
657:, and the
647:grasslands
635:dry season
596:Siletz Bay
529:sweet gale
525:shore pine
493:understory
469:vine maple
465:sword fern
419:freshwater
413:, and low
407:sand dunes
267:, and the
259:, and the
237:California
229:Washington
165:California
159:Washington
1797:steelhead
1791:supports
1733:near the
1634:trees in
1539:siltstone
1535:sandstone
1479:chaparral
1455:the range
1439:chaparral
1380:sea lions
1323:sandstone
1272:grand fir
1250:and some
1237:dissected
1233:mudstones
1121:headlands
1109:grassland
1057:red alder
1049:grand fir
1033:Brookings
985:Elk River
929:Elk River
906:grand fir
894:siltstone
890:sandstone
828:north of
774:steelhead
762:substrate
754:sediments
750:seamounts
739:sea level
687:glaciated
679:foothills
677:contains
485:red alder
483:supports
426:estuarine
401:contains
351:Lithology
300:ecoregion
296:mountains
140:Geography
1868:See also
1543:Mollisol
1532:Pliocene
1415:redwoods
1372:seabirds
1367:redwoods
1365:. A few
1327:mudstone
1316:Pliocene
1312:granitic
1280:redwoods
1256:isomesic
1226:Tertiary
1189:savannas
1113:Prairies
1073:Alfisols
1069:Ultisols
1065:isomesic
953:Jurassic
822:plateaus
746:outcrops
691:epiphyte
491:with an
449:pastures
441:wetlands
386:Full map
294:The low
289:lowlands
185:123°48′W
81:Nearctic
1840:biomass
1766:in the
1697:flowers
1682:blossom
1617:endemic
1561:Gallery
1499:thermic
1459:redwood
1423:madrone
1320:Miocene
1169:redwood
1105:madrone
961:granite
910:Central
715:biomass
683:valleys
643:currant
588:Willapa
543:, with
475:in the
443:in the
429:marshes
403:beaches
347:managed
308:conifer
298:of the
182:43°00′N
145:Country
99:Borders
70:Ecology
2826:Tundra
1799:, and
1793:salmon
1473:, and
1467:tanoak
1429:, and
1419:tanoak
1378:, and
1361:, and
1347:tanoak
1329:, and
1204:, and
1177:tanoak
1103:, and
1101:tanoak
1061:tanoak
963:, and
902:tanoak
866:eroded
778:oxalis
756:about
693:-rich
653:, the
605:, the
598:, and
551:, and
539:, and
531:, and
519:, and
471:, and
457:canopy
437:rivers
343:logged
330:, and
318:, and
279:, the
235:, and
233:Oregon
162:Oregon
153:States
2780:Taiga
2149:(PDF)
2140:from
2023:(PDF)
2014:from
1967:(PDF)
1958:from
1703:Fauna
1695:Salal
1566:Flora
1555:ustic
1551:xeric
1507:xeric
1503:ustic
1437:, or
1376:seals
1339:ustic
1266:, or
1252:aquic
1206:xeric
1202:ustic
981:Sixes
846:hills
794:forbs
623:hills
571:sandy
561:silty
523:with
477:shrub
461:salal
422:lakes
411:spits
332:seral
215:is a
88:Biome
76:Realm
48:From
1553:and
1537:and
1517:The
1505:and
1489:and
1481:and
1449:The
1401:and
1325:and
1318:and
1290:The
1274:and
1248:udic
1231:and
1224:and
1216:The
1198:udic
1135:and
1133:Bear
1115:and
1071:and
1059:and
1023:and
983:and
934:The
912:and
892:and
886:beds
851:The
812:The
800:and
766:runs
729:The
673:The
661:and
617:The
567:loam
564:clay
451:for
435:and
409:and
397:The
345:and
211:The
105:List
2153:doi
1858:in
1163:in
1095:of
888:of
569:to
495:of
227:of
3008::
2112:^
2035:).
2025:.
1984:^
1979:).
1969:.
1930:^
1882::
1795:,
1615:,
1526:,
1469:,
1465:,
1461:,
1441:.
1425:,
1421:,
1417:,
1413:,
1382:.
1374:,
1357:,
1353:,
1349:,
1345:,
1298:,
1262:,
1200:,
1179:,
1175:,
1171:,
1111:.
1099:,
1067:,
1047:,
1043:,
1039:,
995:.
959:,
916:.
832:.
788:,
784:,
721:.
594:,
590:,
586:,
578:,
555:.
547:,
527:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
499:;
467:,
463:,
424:,
405:,
388:).
372:.
365:.
326:,
314:,
291:.
255:,
231:,
2894:e
2887:t
2880:v
2189:e
2182:t
2175:v
2155::
2106:.
2098:"
2082:.
2074:"
2058:.
2050:"
2029:.
1973:.
1803:.
1667:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
