1519:
782:
926:
169:
1361:
1057:
1131:
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1449:
635:
423:
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676:
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1292:
288:
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934:
712:
1111:
224:. There are some indications that a catastrophic fire occurred around the beginning of the 5th century. However, the remains of the encampment were not deserted, and a small settlement remained. The streets and houses of early medieval Vienna followed the former Roman walls, which gives rise to the conclusion that parts of the fortification were still in place and used by the settlers.
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35:
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454:
1103:
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bridge), the only Danube bridge at that time, and convinced the
Austrian commander that the war was already over. In the meantime, the French army easily entered the city and was greeted by the population with interest rather than rejection. Napoleon allowed 10,000 men of the Vienna national guard to
1558:. Hitler's anti-Jewish policies fell on fertile soil in Vienna, where latent anti-Semitism had increased during the early 20th century. Immediately after the Anschluss the Jews of Vienna were subject to violence from the State as well as from Antisemites acting out of their own sadism. During the
1574:. On the whole, and despite some instances of anti-Semitism, the city of Vienna was less supportive of the Nazi regime than was the rest of Austria. This however did not reach any extent of an organised resistance. Hitler himself hated Vienna and was determined to build up
1850:
Espionage in
Austria is legal if the country itself is not the target. The city has about 17,000 diplomats, many assigned to international organizations. Because of their presence and Austria's neutrality, Vienna became an important center for espionage, as depicted in
88:
1730:". The Austrian Parliament immediately amended the treaty to establish Austria's future neutrality and non-alignment (similar to that of Switzerland). This peace treaty was called a state treaty because Austria had temporarily ceased to exist in 1938.
1694:
6. In 1946, it was decided that the expansion of city territory of 1938 should be reversed, but this law was delayed by a veto of the occupying powers and was not put into practice until 1954. Two districts remained with Vienna, namely the 22nd one
407:). This meant that all traders passing through Vienna had to offer their goods in the city. This allowed the Viennese to act as middlemen in trade, so that Vienna soon created a network of far-reaching trade relations, particularly along the
361:
near Vienna, brought an enormous ransom of 50,000 Silver Marks (about 10 to 12 tons of silver, about a third of the emperor's claims against the
English. Richard had been extradited to him in March 1193). This allowed the creation of a
754:
was created around Vienna, a broad strip without any buildings, which allowed defenders to fire freely. These fortifications, which accounted for the major part of building activities well into the 17th century, became decisive in the
1207:
During that period, the population of Vienna increased sharply, mostly because of immigration. Censuses were conducted regularly from 1869 onwards, which showed an all-time high of population in 1910, with 2,031,000 inhabitants.
1624:
were constructed in Vienna as defensive structures against these bombers. These structures remain in place today, as they are so thick and their foundations so deep that to destroy them would damage surrounding buildings.
522:
The combination of the heraldic eagle with the city coat of arms showing a white cross in a red field is found on a seal dated 1327. This heraldic emblem was in use throughout the 14th century in different variants.
1279:, bringing fresh water from the mountains to Vienna and the creation of a belt of meadows and forests around the city). However, these positive aspects were coupled with his raving and rhetorically well presented
1314:. The skyrocketing costs of the war, mostly financed by borrowing, resulted in tremendous inflation that—as in Germany—wiped out the savings of many middle-class Viennese. One interesting quirk is that the 1916
1781:
1663:
Only a few days after the war, a provisional city government and administration was created. Also, the political parties were recreated. On April 29, 1945, the parliament building passed from the
1518:
1869:; Chinese, Iranian, Israeli, Saudi, American, British, and other European spies and counterspies are also in the country. Because of the tolerance of espionage the country is excluded from the
473:
rule. In Vienna, it took a relatively long time for the
Habsburgs to establish their control, because partisans of Ottokar remained strong for a long time. There were several uprisings against
1620:
Although originally out of range of Allied bombers operating from
England, by 1943 the city began being attacked by bombers based in Italy. As in other major cities of Nazi Germany, large
631:
led to the execution of leading members of the opposition within the city, and thus a destruction of the political structures. From then on, the city stood under direct imperial control.
544:
There was a period of inheritance disputes among the
Habsburgs resulting not only in confusion, but also in an economic decline and social unrest, with disputes between the parties of
1811:
1496:
in 1933, he extended the ban to the Social
Democratic Party in 1934 after the February Uprising. The only legal political organization was the new movement of his own creation, the
1198:
were removed, and a straight course was created away from the city centre. The branch near the central city was made narrower and has been known under the somewhat misleading name
1007:
took place from
September 18, 1814 to June 9, 1815, in which the political map of Europe was redrawn. The congress members indulged in many social events, which induced the witty
1835:
1414:
However, the increasing economic difficulties resulted in a political radicalization and polarisation of the political parties. On the social democratic side, the left-wing
240:, indicating considerable trade activity. Graves from the 6th century were found during excavations next to the Berghof, in an area around Salvatorgasse. At that time, the
1384:
because of this; articles in the international press had doubts about the viability of Vienna as a major
European metropolis after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.
1636:
troops in April 1945 caused much destruction within the city. However, some historic buildings survived the bombardment; many more were reconstructed after the war.
1076:
1015:("The congress dances, but does not progress"). The events cost Austria a great deal of money, which was reflected in mockery about the major participants:
2414:
Pirker, Peter, Johannes Kramer, and
Mathias Lichtenwagner. "Transnational memory spaces in the making: World War II and holocaust remembrance in Vienna."
1421:(Republican Protective Alliance) was formed in 1923/24, which was a well-organised and well-equipped paramilitary group. It was opposed by the right-wing
2480:
870:, the population began to grow steadily. It is estimated that 150,000 people lived in Vienna in 1724, and 200,000 in 1790. At that time, the first
781:
3121:
2737:
2362:
Wasserman, Janek. "The Austro-Marxist struggle for 'intellectual workers': the lost debate on the question of intellectuals in interwar Vienna."
1106:
Under the rule of Emperor Franz Joseph I the city experienced rapid growth and an unprecedented flowering of culture, the arts and architecture
2028:
1302:(1914–1918) did not result in an immediate threat to Vienna, but it led to a lack of supplies because of the economic embargo imposed by the
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2712:
1567:
1433:
1322:
993:
792:
The following period was characterised by extensive building activities. In the course of reconstruction, Vienna was largely turned into a
45:
1865:, as of July 2023 there are more than 180 accredited Russian diplomats in Vienna, and reportedly more than one third are spies using
988:
arrived in Vienna from Frankfurt and sets up a bank named "Mayer von Rothschild und Söhne". The Emperor of Austria in 1823, made the five
56:
2692:
1614:
685:
Panoramic view of Vienna after the city walls were reconstructed in 1548. In the middle is St Stephen's Cathedral, behind the medieval
2732:
1683:
1581:
In the course of the expansion of the city in 1938, 91 adjoining municipalities were incorporated into the city, from which the 22nd (
1522:
After the annexation by Germany, many Viennese Jews were forced to clean the sidewalks by the Nazis, with the support of many Viennese
801:
2117:
1072:
767:. This was the turning point in the Turkish Wars, as the Ottoman Empire was pushed back more and more during the following decades.
591:
512:
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became the imperial residence and Vienna stood in its shadow. The early Habsburgs attempted to extend it in order to keep up. Duke
1352:
leaflets, written in Italian and German, asking the people of Vienna the end of the alliance between Austria-Hungary and Prussia.
886:
problems began to become noticeable: sewers and street cleaning began to develop. Also in this time, the first house numbers (the
1862:
1025:
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350:
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of 1683, as they allowed the city to maintain itself for two months, until the Turkish army was defeated by the army led by the
1842:
1749:
1008:
682:
621:
602:), as Frederick proved unable to maintain peace in the land vis-Ă -vis rampaging gangs of mercenaries (often remaining from the
2259:
541:
in the Stephansdom. The latter is connected to the creation of a metropolitan chapter, as a symbolic substitute for a bishop.
2971:
2687:
1671:
announced the reinstitution of the democratic Republic of Austria. Vienna was divided into five occupation zones between the
1049:
1037:
734:
and an early winter forced the Turks to retreat. The siege had shown that new fortifications were needed. Following plans by
2193:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
2881:
2702:
1318:
was never officially repealed; even today there are buildings where the 1916 rent—by now essentially meaningless—applies.
1114:
Old, small houses (in the foreground) that were destroyed and replaced during the big expansion under Emperor Franz Joseph
1080:
1043:
964:
However, the second occupation happened only after heavy fire. Shortly after, Napoleon suffered his first large defeat at
898:
568:
168:
1566:, the Jewish centres of not only religious, but also social life, were destroyed. In August, the KZ Oberlanzendorf Wien (
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2778:
2600:
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2348:
Uhl, Heidemarie. "Museums as Engines of Identity: 'Vienna around 1900' and Exhibitionary Cultures in Vienna—A Comment."
1948:
1911:
Karl Lind, Mittheilungen der kaiserl. königl. Central-Commission zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmale 11, 1866.
805:
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1601:) districts were created. With an area of 1,224 km, this made Vienna the city with the largest territory in the
380:, some remains of the city walls can still be seen today. Because he had abused a protected crusader, Leopold V was
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The first municipal elections were held in November 1945. Of the 100 seats in the municipal council, the left-wing
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Music, criticism, and the challenge of history: Shaping modern musical thought in late nineteenth century Vienna
1776:
on the left and right sides of the Danube. Furthermore, a complex of skyscrapers was planned at the site of the
907:
was created (More information about the Magistrate of the City of Vienna specifically can be found in German at
901:, the city administration was modernized in 1783: officials in charge of only the city were introduced, and the
665:
were brought to town and soon gained a large influence in court. The leader of the Counter-Reformation here was
2707:
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1773:
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985:
1825:
not gaining enough votes, only four parties have been represented in the municipal council since then. In the
1056:
945:, Vienna was taken by the French twice, in 1805 and 1809. The first conquest happened without a battle. Three
3005:
2995:
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730:), although unsuccessfully. The city, protected by medieval walls, only barely withstood the attacks, until
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1425:("Home Guard"), which had been formed after the end of the war from local guards and similar combat units.
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2805:
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population of these cities stands out for one of the first ones to develop a strictly Aromanian identity.
992:
brothers barons. The Rothschild family became famous as bankers in the major countries of Europe, and the
878:. Leopoldstadt also became a site where many Jews lived, as they had been driven out of their 50-year-old
867:
843:
771:
727:
296:
1737:, there was an enormous economic boom, among other things because of the economic aid resulting from the
909:
307:
2947:
2815:
2783:
1998:
1727:
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1377:
1360:
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735:
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49:
that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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1194:
was frequently considered. It was finally put into practice during the 1860s. The many branches of the
617:
conquered the city and Vienna became the king's seat that served as the capital of Hungary until 1490.
433:
However, it was considered embarrassing that Vienna did not have its own bishop. It is known that Duke
1655:
1452:
The Justizpalast fire (here an image from 1881 prior to the fire) led to the end of the First Republic
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980:. This second battle resulted in a victory for the French, and Austria soon surrendered, ending the
561:
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2820:
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deserves credit for his prudent economic policy, which raised the level of prosperity. His epithet
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for the first time, which indicates the existence of a well-ordered settlement. In 1155, Margrave
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Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna: Origins of the Christian Social Movement, 1848-1897
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2003:
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show where the encampment placed its walls and moats. The Romans stayed until the 5th century.
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2509:
2024:
2018:
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1403:, who had dominated since the end of the war, were now in charge of the city administration. "
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Karnes, Kevin C. "Wagner, Klimt, and the Metaphysics of Creativity in fin-de-siècle Vienna."
1550:
was rapturously received in Vienna by large crowds of admirers and famously gave a speech at
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Jovanović, Miloš. "Whitewashed empire: Historical narrative and place marketing in Vienna."
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1752:
treaty was signed in Vienna. During the 1970s, Vienna became the third official seat of the
1629:
1429:
1348:. He flew undisturbed for over 1,200 km in a roundtrip to Vienna to drop about 400,000
1224:
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During the 19th century, Vienna, along with Budapest, became one of the main centers of the
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227:
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On May 15, 1955, the country regained its political independence and sovereignty with the "
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boulevard was built in their place. Many monumental buildings were built alongside it. The
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A kingdom not of this world: Wagner, the arts, and utopian visions in fin-de-siècle Vienna
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houses UN agencies, making Vienna after New York and Geneva the third most important seat
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of the country, and finally the dissolution of parliament in 1933, marked the way to the
929:
The "Lion of Aspern" is a monument to the fallen Austrian soldiers of the Napoleonic Wars
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remain armed and left the arsenal to them when he left, as complete as he had found it.
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2793:
1753:
1734:
1676:
1598:
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1502:
1303:
1176:
1118:
860:
723:
191:
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Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
2191:
Buklijas, Tatjana. "Surgery and national identity in late nineteenth-century Vienna."
1399:. However, it remained the nominal capital of Lower Austria until 1986. The left-wing
87:
17:
3110:
3014:
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2223:(2013) compares Vienna to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 87–109.
1973:
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1853:
1822:
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1507:
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The Vienna School of Art History: Empire and the Politics of Scholarship, 1847-1918
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875:
603:
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Eventually, in 1469, Vienna was given its own bishop, and the Stephansdom became a
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237:
210:
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107:
103:
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The garden and the workshop: essays on the cultural history of Vienna and Budapest
1780:
railway station, which might have endangered the position of Vienna's centre as a
1715:
1628:
The U.S. bombings of 1944 and 1945 and the vicious fighting during the subsequent
1144:
933:
810:
711:
220:
was located in the outskirts of the empire and thus fell prey to the chaos of the
2453:
1679:, France, and with the first district (city centre) being patrolled by all four.
1183:
In 1861, the Liberals won the first (relatively) free elections after the end of
1166:) characterises the architecture of Vienna to this day. The period peaked in the
2369:
Wistrich, Robert S. "Karl Lueger and the Ambiguities of Viennese Antisemitism."
2017:
Ben-Gavriêl, Moshe Yaacov; Ben-Gavrîʾēl, Moše Yaʿaqov; Wallas, Armin A. (1999).
1765:
1668:
1602:
1551:
1408:
1364:
Karl-Marx-Hof is one of the best-known municipal tenement complexes of the 1920s
1345:
1299:
1268:
1261:
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1220:
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Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897-1918
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of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert's name is remembered for his expulsion of the
1817:
In the municipal elections of 2001, the Social Democrats regained an absolute
1769:
1696:
1621:
1590:
1485:
1417:
1404:
1349:
1228:
1212:
1200:
1091:
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Duke Rudolf IV of Austria, known as "the Founder", did much to expand the city
389:
367:
287:
206:
186:, suggesting that the region must have been inhabited before Roman times. The
291:
Duke Henry II of the Babenberg dynasty elevated Vienna to his capital in 1155
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1245:
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Old coat of arms of Vienna (1465–1925) with the imperial double-headed eagle
2093:""It's really the Wild West": Vienna's spying problem spins out of control"
1380:. The population was concentrated in the capital, which was often called a
1102:
306:
Vienna was an important site of trade as early as the 11th century. In the
2431:
2322:
Vienna A Doctor’s Guide: 15 walking tours through Vienna’s medical history
388:, and died (without having been absolved) after falling from a horse in a
236:
from the 6th century have been found several times in the area of today's
2553:
2536:
1858:
1818:
1757:
1748:
network, the first part of which was opened in 1978. In 1979, the second
1531:
1422:
957:
863:
815:
739:
731:
470:
241:
140:, it temporarily became one of Europe's biggest cities. Since the end of
125:
1256:
was divided in 1900, with the northern part becoming the 20th district (
2531:
2489:
2374:
2357:
A Sound Tradition: A Short History of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
2205:
Vienna in the age of uncertainty: science, liberalism, and private life
1761:
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Public transport in Vienna was improved by the introduction of the new
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made Vienna his capital. In 1156, Austria was raised to a duchy in the
272:
145:
1861:
the city allegedly had more spies than Austrian soldiers. Despite the
1845:
Panoramic view of Vienna towards the east, seen from "Himmel" (Heaven)
1060:
Panorama from Leopoldsberge with topographic indications (around 1830)
453:
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thus became the 2nd to 9th districts, with the old city becoming the
1138:
The city was expanded in 1850, mostly to include the area within the
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The Operetta Empire: Music Theater in Early Twentieth-Century Vienna
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2116:
Rabl, Sarah; Rollwagen, Joseph D.; Stadlober, Hannah (2010-09-01).
1578:, his childhood hometown, and relegate Vienna to backwater status.
1271:
was the leading figure of city politics. Neither his dedication to
116:
to be an important trading site in the 11th century. It became the
2514:
1810:. As Vienna was not a geographical part of Lower Austria it was a
1714:
1654:
1555:
1525:
1517:
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1068:, with Vienna being the center of the railway network after 1837.
1055:
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began to cover the surrounding land with garden palaces, known as
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452:
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with Vienna in the background (Babenberger family tree, 1489-1492)
421:
286:
245:
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167:
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86:
1275:
can be denied, nor other works for the municipality (such as the
1575:
1469:
1307:
891:
747:
538:
396:
331:
275:. However, it is unclear whether this refers to the city or the
2462:
1244:
were incorporated into the town as the districts 11 to 19 (the
1411:(low-cost residential estates) were built during that period.
1075:
of 1848 had an effect as far away as Vienna: on March 13, the
937:
The Congress of Vienna restored peace in Europe after Napoleon
28:
1613:
During the war, the city housed 12 sub-camps of the infamous
1152:. In 1858, the fortifications were demolished, and the broad
1064:
The first half of the century was characterised by intensive
537:
in 1365, and second, he began the construction of the gothic
132:
cultural hubs. During the 19th century as the capital of the
1464:) in 1927 after violent demonstrations, the collapse of the
465:
took control over the Austrian lands after his victory over
106:
created a military camp in the area now covered by Vienna's
2343:
Becoming Austrians: Jews and Culture between the World Wars
968:, nearby. Less than two months later, his army crossed the
46:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2301:
The Jews of Nazi Vienna, 1938-1945: Rescue and Destruction
1949:"Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?"
1329:
in Russia in November 1917 inspired the youth wing of the
1829:, the Social Democrats further increased their majority.
2329:
The Jews of Vienna, 1867-1914: Assimilation and Identity
1333:
to organise meetings in November 1917 opposing the war.
415:, and to become one of the most important cities in the
2416:
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society
1542:
occupied and annexed Austria in a process known as the
1395:
of its own, with the mayor now equivalent in rank to a
1234:
In 1890, the city was expanded for a second time: the (
52:
1534:
belonged to the aerial defense system during Nazi rule
1407:" was considered an international model. Many notable
1134:
Ball at Vienna city hall with mayor Karl Lueger (1904)
638:
Panorama of Vienna from the south, 1558 (reproduction)
594:, Vienna remained on the side of his opponents (first
488:
wrote the "FĂĽrstenbuch", a first history of the city.
1000:
bank in Vienna was confiscated by the Nazis in 1938.
564:, an exponent of the patrician party, was executed.
515:
published his edict allowing the city to maintain an
1376:, or German-Austria, was proclaimed in front of the
259:
The first documented mention of the city during the
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Hitler's Austria. Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era
1506:and ruled without parliamentary approval (also see
1484:and foreign minister since 1932, had forbidden the
1956:JahrbĂĽcher fĂĽr Geschichte und Kultur SĂĽdosteuropas
252:following later. Early Vienna was centred on the
2287:Vienna 1683: Christian Europe Repels the Ottomans
2221:1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War
2165:Vienna and the Jews 1867-1938: A Cultural History
1703:) in the south (some other districts gained some
1500:. DollfuĂź created an authoritarian regime called
650:having been added to the Habsburg realm in 1526.
110:. Vienna grew from the Roman settlement known as
2381:Theatre in Vienna: A Critical History, 1776-1995
2086:
2084:
1248:had been created in 1874 by the division of the
1013:Le congres danse beaucoup, mais il ne marche pas
1514:Annexation by Nazi Germany and Second World War
1387:In 1921, Vienna was separated from surrounding
303:family. Vienna lay at its border with Hungary.
205:. The settlement was raised to the status of a
330:, with Vienna becoming the seat of all future
2474:
2256:Journal of the American Musicological Society
1760:was built. At the end of the 20th century, a
1344:, was carried out on August 9, 1918, with 11
808:. Most construction happened in the suburbs (
590:. During the upheavals of the era of Emperor
102:has been long and varied, beginning when the
8:
2235:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship
1227:(after which the characteristic building on
742:in 1548. The city was furnished with eleven
533:is due to two things: first, he founded the
197:) during the 1st century on the site of the
2395:Belle Necropolis: Ghosts of Imperial Vienna
2331:(State University of New York Press, 1984).
1554:in which he welcomed his homeland into the
1340:propaganda flight, an air raid inspired by
1331:Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria
1295:Italian leaflets dropped on Vienna in 1918.
1211:Around 1900, Vienna became a centre of the
2910:
2844:
2756:
2675:
2481:
2467:
2459:
2336:Fin-de-siècle Vienna: politics and culture
2228:Karl Lueger: Mayor of Fin de Siècle Vienna
1812:capital outside of the territory it served
1790:Vienna was the capital of the surrounding
1428:In May 1923, in the presence of President
785:View of Vienna during the Baroque era, by
2172:Priest and Parish in Vienna, 1780 to 1880
1787:. The project has since been redesigned.
395:In 1221, Vienna received the rights of a
124:dynasty and subsequently of the Austrian
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
1711:Modern history since independence (1955)
1699:) north of the Danube and the 23rd one (
1617:, located in various parts of the city.
1372:. On November 12, 1918, the Republic of
1306:powers, which resulted in a shortage of
1264:became part of Vienna as 21st district.
1223:and the association of artists known as
846:). In 1704, an outer fortification, the
441:in Vienna, and the same is suspected of
160:Overview of the Roman legion settlement
1904:
1368:The end of the war was also the end of
1079:, which forced long-serving chancellor
642:In 1556, Vienna became the seat of the
209:in 212. Even today, the streets of the
2151:Timeline of Vienna § Bibliography
1806:) until 1986, when it was replaced by
1098:Expansion under Emperor Franz Joseph I
2294:A Nervous Splendour: Vienna 1888-1889
2023:. Böhlau Verlag Wien. pp. 473–.
715:Siege of Vienna in 1683, painting by
190:created a military camp (occupied by
144:, Vienna has been the capital of the
7:
2230:(Wayne State University Press, 1990)
1768:was created with, among others, the
1667:to the new Austrian government, and
1659:Zones of Allied occupation in Vienna
1568:Central Office for Jewish Emigration
1434:First World Congress of Jewish Women
1323:1918 Austro-Hungarian January Strike
994:Rothschild banking family of Austria
976:on the same terrain as the previous
722:In 1529, Vienna was besieged by the
653:During this time, the city was also
519:(iron book) listing its privileges.
349:was discovered and captured by Duke
2345:(Oxford UP, 2012), focus on Vienna.
2320:Regal, Wolfgang and Michael Nanut.
1615:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
1003:After Napoleon's final defeat, the
481:was foremost among the insurgents.
437:negotiated about the creation of a
2733:Western European broadleaf forests
2383:(Cambridge University Press, 1996)
2244:(Princeton University Press, 2014)
890:) were issued, and the government
802:Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
25:
2280:Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph
1283:, which enjoyed popular support.
583:population of Vienna in 1421/22.
552:. While the patricians supported
2430:
2285:Millar, Simon and Peter Dennis.
2044:Christine O'Keefe (2007-02-02).
1863:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1834:
1733:After the war, as everywhere in
1321:These food shortages led to the
674:
152:Beginnings and early Middle Ages
33:
2359:(Amalthea Signum Verlag, 2017).
2212:Historical Dictionary of Vienna
2062:. UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 2000.
1750:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
1190:After the great flood of 1830,
1009:Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne
622:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
267:, dating to 881, when a battle
164:in the center of today's Vienna
3122:Holocaust locations in Austria
2688:Alps conifer and mixed forests
2450:operated by the city of Vienna
2160:(U of California Press, 2021).
952:crossed the strongly defended
689:complex. Right next to it the
669:, Bishop of Vienna from 1600.
128:, under whom it became one of
1:
2355:Wagner-Trenkwitz, Christoph.
1325:which started in Vienna. The
1277:Wiener Hochquellwasserleitung
996:remained prominent until the
917:within the city were closed.
661:rather quickly. In 1551, the
575:Albert II, Vienna became the
479:Paltrams vom Stephansfreithof
370:around the year 1200. At the
172:Roman ruins at Michaelerplatz
2454:The History of Jewish Vienna
2282:(U of Oklahoma Press, 1968).
1686:captured 58, the right-wing
1570:) was created. Its head was
1026:Frederick William of Prussia
806:Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt
609:In 1485, the Hungarian King
2661:Military history of Austria
2651:Allied-administered Austria
2364:Modern Intellectual History
2207:(U of Chicago Press, 2008).
2188:(U of Chicago Press, 1981).
2181:(U of Chicago Press, 1995).
1922:Who's who in Jewish History
1720:Vienna International Centre
1204:(Danube Canal) ever since.
910:de:Magistrat der Stadt Wien
738:, Vienna was expanded to a
567:After the election of Duke
341:The events surrounding the
318:, Vienna is mentioned as a
3138:
2308:Vienna: A Cultural History
2299:Offenberger, Ilana Fritz.
2148:
1648:
1327:Bolshevik seizure of power
1073:French February Revolution
1050:Emperor Francis of Austria
982:War of the Fifth Coalition
913:.). At the same time, the
769:
244:controlled the area, with
3068:
2913:
2847:
2759:
2678:
2444:Geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at
2388:Historiography and Memory
2350:Austrian History Yearbook
2317:(Penn State Press, 2013).
2091:Jones, Sam (2023-07-13).
2073:The Setting of the Pearl.
1675:, the United States, the
1562:on November 9, 1938, the
1240:) suburbs beyond the old
894:system began to develop.
822:. The best known are the
796:city. The most important
556:, the artisans supported
297:Margraviate of Ostarrîchi
2683:Administrative divisions
2631:Federal State of Austria
2409:History and Anthropology
2373:45.3/4 (1983): 251-262.
2214:(Scarecrow Press, 1999).
2020:TagebĂĽcher 1915 bis 1927
1476:in February 1934. After
1192:Regulation of the Danube
1168:World Exhibition of 1873
1044:Frederick of WĂĽrttemberg
986:Salomon Mayer Rothschild
874:were built, starting in
726:for the first time (the
366:and the construction of
334:. During that time, the
2718:Pannonian mixed forests
2621:First Austrian Republic
2076:Oxford University Press
1935:The House of Rothschild
1688:Austrian People's Party
1684:Social Democratic Party
1651:Allied-occupied Austria
1436:was inaugurated at the
852:, was built around the
503:, for example, had the
469:and began to establish
271:was fought against the
2591:Siege of Vienna (1529)
2571:Margraviate of Austria
2418:32.4 (2019): 439-458.
2402:Rethinking Vienna 1900
2397:(2014), art and memory
2296:(Little, Brown, 1979).
2258:62.3 (2009): 647-697.
2195:38.4 (2007): 756-774.
1803:
1764:consisting of several
1723:
1660:
1535:
1530:The flak tower in the
1523:
1453:
1365:
1296:
1172:the stock market crash
1135:
1127:
1126:with Parliament (1900)
1115:
1107:
1061:
938:
930:
844:Prince Eugene of Savoy
842:(the garden palais of
789:
772:Ottoman wars in Europe
719:
639:
513:Frederick the Handsome
458:
430:
351:Leopold V the Virtuous
292:
173:
165:
92:
55:by rewriting it in an
18:Coat of arms of Vienna
2439:at Wikimedia Commons
2411:30.4 (2019): 460-476.
2371:Jewish Social Studies
2058:See Evan Burr Bukey,
2046:"Concentration Camps"
1999:VIENNA AFTER THE WAR.
1728:Austrian State Treaty
1718:
1658:
1529:
1521:
1482:Chancellor of Austria
1451:
1363:
1294:
1170:, immediately before
1133:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1059:
1038:Maximilian of Bavaria
972:again and fought the
936:
928:
784:
714:
693:and to the far right
637:
615:Black Army of Hungary
560:. In 1408, the mayor
467:Ottokar II of Bohemia
456:
425:
347:Richard the Lionheart
290:
171:
159:
90:
2738:World Heritage Sites
2581:Archduchy of Austria
2366:9.2 (2012): 361-388.
2170:Bowman, William D.
2156:Baranello, Micaela.
1947:Kahl, Thede (2003).
1498:Vaterländische Front
1267:During those years,
1219:), most of all with
1180:("foundation era").
1122:The newly completed
1032:Frederick of Denmark
888:Konskriptionsnummern
859:After the extensive
836:Palais Schwarzenberg
824:Palais Liechtenstein
757:Second Turkish Siege
746:and surrounded by a
657:after having become
535:University of Vienna
527:Rudolf IV of Austria
477:. The family of the
345:, during which King
2972:freedom of religion
2559:Ostrogothic Kingdom
2448:Vienna History Wiki
2327:Rozenblit, Marsha.
2306:Parsons, Nicholas.
2007:, December 29, 1918
1974:"Jännerstreik-1918"
1893:Districts of Vienna
1785:World Heritage Site
1640:The Second Republic
1560:Reichskristallnacht
1342:Gabriele d'Annunzio
1020:Alexander of Russia
728:First Turkish Siege
324:Henry II of Austria
308:Exchange of Mautern
146:Republic of Austria
2882:Telecommunications
2626:Austrian Civil War
2606:Congress of Vienna
2601:March Constitution
2520:Kingdom of Noricum
2393:Arens, Katherine.
2352:46 (2015): 97-105.
2334:Schorske, Carl E.
2313:Rampley, Matthew.
2292:Morton, Frederik.
2275:(Oxford UP, 2013).
2268:(Oxford UP, 2008).
2233:Hamann, Brigette.
2226:Geehr, Richard S.
2219:Emerson, Charles.
2167:(Cambridge, 1989).
2128:on 27 October 2014
2004:The New York Times
1978:www.dasrotewien.at
1888:History of Austria
1883:Timeline of Vienna
1724:
1661:
1630:conquest of Vienna
1536:
1524:
1454:
1374:Deutsch-Ă–sterreich
1366:
1356:The First Republic
1338:Flight over Vienna
1297:
1174:, which ended the
1136:
1128:
1116:
1108:
1088:Aromanian diaspora
1062:
1005:Congress of Vienna
939:
931:
790:
736:Sebastian Schrantz
720:
640:
626:Blood Judgment of
459:
431:
386:Pope Celestine III
293:
174:
166:
93:
57:encyclopedic style
44:is written like a
3117:History of Vienna
3104:
3103:
3064:
3063:
2900:
2899:
2834:
2833:
2826:Political parties
2779:Foreign relations
2746:
2745:
2656:History of Vienna
2586:Habsburg monarchy
2510:Hallstatt culture
2437:History of Vienna
2435:Media related to
2341:Silverman, Lisa.
2303:(Springer, 2017).
2237:(Oxford P, 1999).
2203:Coen, Deborah R.
2122:The Vienna Review
2071:See Thomas Weyr,
2030:978-3-205-99137-3
1645:Allied occupation
1478:Engelbert DollfuĂź
1462:Palace of Justice
1066:industrialization
1011:to famously say:
832:Schönbrunn Palace
787:Bernardo Bellotto
765:John III Sobieski
611:Matthias Corvinus
600:Matthias Corvinus
417:Holy Roman Empire
328:Privilegium Minus
299:was given to the
85:
84:
77:
16:(Redirected from
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3084:
3077:
2911:
2845:
2757:
2676:
2576:Duchy of Austria
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2434:
2400:Beller, Steven.
2247:Healy, Maureen.
2210:Csendes, Peter.
2163:Beller, Steven.
2138:
2137:
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2133:
2124:. Archived from
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1964:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1933:Niall Ferguson,
1931:
1925:
1924:(2001) pp 305-14
1918:
1912:
1909:
1867:diplomatic cover
1838:
1804:Niederösterreich
1774:Millennium Tower
1665:occupation force
1597:) and the 26th (
1456:The fire of the
1430:Michael Hainisch
1416:Republikanische
1401:Social Democrats
1225:Vienna Secession
1077:March Revolution
1040:: drinks for all
1034:: speaks for all
1028:: thinks for all
978:Battle of Aspern
974:Battle of Wagram
678:
511:built. In 1327,
353:two days before
312:Bishop of Passau
222:Migration Period
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3046:National anthem
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2611:Austria-Hungary
2596:Austrian Empire
2549:Germanic tribes
2496:
2487:
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2271:Karnes, Kevin.
2264:Karnes, Kevin.
2177:Boyer, John W.
2153:
2147:
2145:Further reading
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2097:Financial Times
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1516:
1490:Communist Party
1480:, who had been
1446:
1370:Austria-Hungary
1358:
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1100:
1022:: loves for all
943:Napoleonic Wars
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702:
691:Minoritenkirche
684:
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667:Melchior Khlesl
628:Wiener Neustadt
620:In 1522, under
554:Ernest the Iron
486:Jans der Enikel
451:
443:Ottokar Přemysl
285:
265:Salzburg Annals
201:of present-day
184:Celtic language
182:derives from a
154:
138:Austria-Hungary
134:Austrian Empire
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1754:United Nations
1735:Western Europe
1712:
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1705:Lower Austrian
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1610:
1607:
1599:Klosterneuburg
1572:Adolf Eichmann
1538:In March 1938
1515:
1512:
1468:, the largest
1445:
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1409:Gemeindebauten
1397:state governor
1357:
1354:
1288:
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1099:
1096:
1054:
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1052:: pays for all
1047:
1046:: eats for all
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897:Under Emperor
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707:Turkish sieges
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562:Konrad Vorlauf
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2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:Yales, W. E.
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2184:Boyer, John.
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1937:(2 vol. 1998)
1936:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1871:Club de Berne
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:; during the
1856:
1855:
1854:The Third Man
1843:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:Liberal Forum
1820:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:Lower Austria
1793:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1739:Marshall Plan
1736:
1731:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:), the 25th (
1592:
1589:), the 24th (
1588:
1585:), the 23rd (
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1508:Austrofascism
1505:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:Creditanstalt
1463:
1459:
1450:
1444:Austrofascism
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:and became a
1390:
1389:Lower Austria
1385:
1383:
1382:hydrocephalus
1379:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1281:anti-Semitism
1278:
1274:
1273:social policy
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:10th district
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1185:neoabsolutism
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
998:Creditanstalt
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
959:
955:
951:
948:
944:
935:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:1679 and 1713
865:
862:
857:
855:
851:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Palais Modena
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
783:
776:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Ottoman Turks
718:
717:Frans Geffels
713:
706:
700:
696:
695:Schottenstift
692:
688:
683:
677:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
636:
632:
630:
629:
623:
618:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:Frederick III
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
518:
514:
510:
507:choir of the
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
455:
449:Habsburg rule
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
428:
424:
420:
418:
414:
411:basin and to
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Third Crusade
339:
338:was founded.
337:
336:Schottenstift
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:and Margrave
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
289:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
189:
185:
181:
180:
170:
163:
158:
151:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
101:
100:
89:
79:
76:
68:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3006:Coat of arms
2996:Architecture
2963:Prostitution
2933:Demographics
2811:Legal system
2789:Human rights
2769:Constitution
2655:
2564:East Francia
2429:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2380:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2121:
2118:"Spy vs. Sy"
2111:
2100:. Retrieved
2096:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2002:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1980:. SPĂ– Vienna
1977:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1920:Joan Comay,
1916:
1907:
1852:
1849:
1816:
1808:Sankt Pölten
1789:
1743:
1732:
1725:
1707:territory).
1690:36, and the
1681:
1673:Soviet Union
1662:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1609:World War II
1580:
1548:Adolf Hitler
1540:Nazi Germany
1537:
1501:
1458:Justizpalast
1457:
1455:
1427:
1415:
1413:
1386:
1373:
1367:
1335:
1320:
1316:Rent Control
1298:
1276:
1266:
1260:). In 1904,
1254:Leopoldstadt
1241:
1235:
1233:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1123:
1085:
1070:
1063:
1012:
1002:
963:
953:
940:
921:19th century
908:
902:
896:
887:
876:Leopoldstadt
858:
853:
847:
819:
809:
791:
777:18th century
721:
698:
694:
690:
686:
652:
641:
625:
619:
608:
604:Hussite Wars
585:
566:
543:
530:
525:
521:
516:
490:
483:
478:
460:
435:Frederick II
432:
427:Frederick II
404:
394:
375:
340:
319:
310:between the
305:
295:In 976, the
294:
268:
258:
226:
217:
215:
193:
177:
175:
111:
104:Roman Empire
96:
94:
71:
62:
43:
26:
2958:Pornography
2948:Health care
2852:Agriculture
2806:LGBT rights
2799:enforcement
2132:21 November
1821:. With the
1766:skyscrapers
1669:Karl Renner
1622:flak towers
1603:Third Reich
1552:Heldenplatz
1503:Ständestaat
1346:Ansaldo SVA
1300:World War I
1287:World War I
1269:Karl Lueger
1262:Floridsdorf
1258:Brigittenau
1231:is named).
1221:Otto Wagner
1217:Art Nouveau
1177:GrĂĽnderzeit
1164:Historicism
1083:to resign.
984:. In 1810,
954:TaborbrĂĽcke
941:During the
699:Schottentor
573:German King
531:the Founder
509:Stephansdom
405:Stapelrecht
401:staple port
357:of 1192 in
269:apud Weniam
261:Middle Ages
238:city centre
199:city centre
142:World War I
108:city centre
97:history of
3111:Categories
3026:Literature
2821:Parliament
2784:Government
2703:Ecoregions
2278:May, A.J.
2149:See also:
2102:2023-07-14
1962:: 205–219.
1899:References
1792:Bundesland
1778:Wien Mitte
1756:, and the
1697:Donaustadt
1692:Communists
1649:See also:
1564:synagogues
1494:Schutzbund
1486:Nazi Party
1418:Schutzbund
1405:Red Vienna
1378:parliament
1350:propaganda
1242:Linienwall
1229:Karlsplatz
1213:Jugendstil
1201:Donaukanal
1160:RingstraĂźe
1155:RingstraĂźe
1140:Linienwall
1124:RingstraĂźe
1081:Metternich
990:Rothschild
915:graveyards
904:Magistrate
849:Linienwall
838:, and the
814:), as the
798:architects
770:See also:
659:Protestant
558:Leopold IV
546:patricians
495:emperors,
493:Luxembourg
390:tournament
368:city walls
316:Leopold IV
277:River Wien
207:municipium
136:and later
2953:Languages
2938:Education
2892:Transport
2862:Companies
2774:Elections
2713:Mountains
2698:Districts
2671:Geography
2641:Anschluss
2527:Roman Era
1587:Schwechat
1544:Anschluss
1474:Civil War
1145:Vorstädte
1092:Aromanian
899:Joseph II
882:in 1670.
872:factories
864:epidemics
854:Vorstädte
840:Belvedere
811:Vorstädte
732:epidemics
697:with the
596:Albert VI
588:cathedral
517:Eisenbuch
501:Albert II
491:With the
484:In 1280,
461:In 1278,
439:bishopric
399:and as a
377:Stubentor
355:Christmas
301:Babenberg
228:Byzantine
218:Vindobona
179:Vindobona
176:The name
162:Vindobona
126:Habsburgs
122:Babenberg
113:Vindobona
3091:Category
2968:Religion
2918:Abortion
2877:Taxation
2816:Military
2752:Politics
2554:Rugiland
2537:Pannonia
2494:articles
1877:See also
1859:Cold War
1819:majority
1758:UNO-City
1532:Augarten
1492:and the
1423:Heimwehr
950:marshals
884:Hygienic
816:nobility
744:bastions
740:fortress
613:and the
569:Albert V
550:artisans
475:Albert I
471:Habsburg
463:Rudolf I
374:station
242:Lombards
192:Legio X
130:Europe's
65:May 2021
3075:Outline
3036:Museums
3011:Cuisine
2988:Culture
2906:Society
2887:Tourism
2857:Banking
2840:Economy
2646:Ostmark
2532:Noricum
2502:History
2490:Austria
2310:(2008).
2251:(2004).
2174:(2000).
1984:10 July
1762:skyline
1701:Liesing
1595:Liesing
1591:Mödling
1438:Hofburg
1312:clothes
1304:Entente
1237:Vororte
1162:Style (
794:baroque
687:Hofburg
663:Jesuits
648:Bohemia
646:, with
644:Emperor
598:, then
577:capital
359:Erdberg
320:Civitas
273:Magyars
254:Berghof
120:of the
118:capital
51:Please
3096:Portal
3001:Cinema
2872:Mining
2867:Energy
2728:States
2723:Rivers
2693:Cities
2542:Raetia
2492:
2420:online
2404:(2001)
2375:online
2338:(1979)
2324:(2007)
2260:online
2197:online
2027:
1800:German
1782:UNESCO
1746:U-Bahn
1634:Soviet
1488:, the
1432:, the
1250:fourth
1196:Danube
1142:. The
1090:. The
970:Danube
966:Aspern
947:French
892:postal
880:ghetto
861:plague
820:Palais
761:Polish
752:glacis
581:Jewish
505:gothic
497:Prague
413:Venice
409:Danube
372:U-Bahn
231:copper
216:Roman
203:Vienna
194:Gemina
188:Romans
99:Vienna
3082:Index
3056:Sport
3041:Music
3031:Media
2978:Women
2928:Crime
2708:Lakes
2515:Celts
1952:(PDF)
1556:Reich
1393:state
1150:first
958:Tábor
800:were
763:King
701:gate.
332:dukes
250:Avars
246:Slavs
234:coins
3021:Flag
3015:wine
2134:2013
2025:ISBN
1986:2018
1772:and
1576:Linz
1470:bank
1336:The
1310:and
1308:food
1071:The
804:and
750:. A
748:moat
624:the
548:and
539:nave
397:city
364:mint
248:and
95:The
2794:Law
1794:of
1632:by
1510:).
1252:).
866:of
606:).
571:as
384:by
3113::
2446:-
2120:.
2095:.
2083:^
2001:,
1976:.
1958:.
1954:.
1873:.
1814:.
1802::
1741:.
1677:UK
1605:.
1546:.
1440:.
1187:.
856:.
834:,
830:,
826:,
445:.
419:.
392:.
279:.
256:.
148:.
3017:)
3013:(
2974:)
2970:(
2482:e
2475:t
2468:v
2136:.
2105:.
2048:.
2033:.
1988:.
1960:5
1798:(
1695:(
1460:(
1215:(
956:(
403:(
78:)
72:(
67:)
63:(
59:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
