Hairstyle - Knowledge (XXG)

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relaxing African hair is trying to conform to a white standard of beauty. However, there are those that disagree with this belief. Nevertheless, Malcolm X advised against Black people straightening their hair for such reasons.Black hair then became not only an act of beauty but an act of revolution. The Afro, specifically, was both fashionable and political in the 1960s onward. However, the Afro, or "the natural", as it was first called, was not originally a political choice, but a style favored by both artistic and intellectual Black communities in the 1940s and 1950s.

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natural oils have been washed off by frequent shampoos. Also, hairbrushes are now usually made with rigid plastic bristles instead of the natural boar's bristles that were once standard; the plastic bristles increase the likelihood of actually injuring the scalp and hair with excessively vigorous brushing. However, traditional brushes with boar's bristles are still commonly used among African Americans and those with coarse or kinky textures to soften and lay down curls and waves.

586:; for an adult woman to wear uncovered and loose hair in the street was often restricted to prostitutes. Braiding and tying the hair was common. In the 16th century, women began to wear their hair in extremely ornate styles, often decorated with pearls, precious stones, ribbons, and veils. Women used a technique called "lacing" or "taping," in which cords or ribbons were used to bind the hair around their heads. During this period, most of the hair was braided and hidden under 316: 1616: 334: 1185: 3936: 4966: 1356: 1295: 1119: 883: 59: 1072:

conform to gender norms: in much of the world, men with long hair and women whose hair does not appear carefully groomed may face various forms of discrimination, including harassment, social shaming or workplace discrimination. This is somewhat less true of African-American men, who wear their hair in a variety of styles that overlap with those of African-American women, including

1809:. Both of which often take much effort to maintain and were seen as a symbol of oppression. Though the specifics of what sort of hairstyles or other beauty norms are "oppressive" was highly debated. Typically, many have aimed towards styles which take less maintenance. Meanwhile there are also non-political examples of challenging gender presentation with performers presenting as 180: 2037:, certain tightly braided hairstyles that exert significant and constant tension on the scalp can contribute to a specific form of alopecia known as traction alopecia (TA). This article categorized hairstyling practices into high, moderate, and low-risk categories of induced alopecia, enabling dermatologists and physicians to provide more precise advice to affected patients. 3950: 940:(literally, "ear hiding"), in which hair was pulled back to cover the ears and tied into a bun at the nape of the neck. Waved or curled hair became increasingly popular for Japanese women throughout this period, and permanent waves, though controversial, were extremely popular. Bobbed hair also became more popular for Japanese women, mainly among actresses and 1064: 1554: 1044: 2118:. During the various expeditions astronauts use hair clippers attached to vacuum devices for grooming their colleagues so that the cut hair will not drift inside the weightless environment of the space station and become a nuisance to the astronauts or a hazard to the sensitive equipment installations inside the station. 1515: 1540:

hair, especially when combined with chemicals used to maintain the style. Some irons are designed to style damp hair, but they require higher temperatures, ranging from 300 to 450 °F (150 to 230 °C). To minimize heat damage, it's advisable to use heat protection sprays and hair-repairing shampoos and conditioners.

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Hair in religion also plays an important role since women and men, when deciding to dedicate their life to faith, often change their haircut. Baldness is likely chosen as a common spiritual symbol of dedication because it is perceived as a sign of aging and thus, undesirable. Cutting or shaving one's

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Rose Weitz once wrote that the most widespread cultural rule about hair is that women's hair must differ from men's hair. In western societies-particularly the US, UK, and Canada-hair on the head is more strongly tied to feminine gender expression. Long hair is seen as not only feminine but also more

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Late 17th-century wigs were very long and wavy (see George I below), but became shorter in the mid-18th century, by which time they were normally white (George II). A very common style had a single stiff curl running round the head at the end of the hair. By the late 18th century the natural hair was

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If hair is pinned too tightly, or the whole updo slips causing pulling on the hair in the follicle at the hair root, it can cause aggravation to the hair follicle and result in headaches. Although some people of African heritage may use braiding extensions (long term braiding hairstyle) as a form of

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wigs can be styled with heat, and they must be brushed only when dry. Synthetic and human hair wigs should be brushed dry before shampooing to remove tangles. To clean the wig, the wig should be dipped into a container with water and mild shampoo, then dipped in clear water and moved up and down to

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The historical dictum to brush hair with one hundred strokes every day is somewhat archaic, dating from a time when hair was washed less frequently; the brushstrokes would spread the scalp's natural oils down through the hair, creating a protective effect. Now, however, this does not apply when the

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come in all shapes and sizes and all manner of materials including plastics, wood, and horn. Similarly, brushes also come in all sizes and shapes, including various paddle shapes. Most benefit from using some form of a wide tooth comb for detangling. Most physicians advise against sharing hair care

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which upheld employers rights to ban certain hairstyles in the workplace, notably braided hairstyles. Additional instances of USPS, hotel chains, police departments and another industries banning hairstyles common within the Black American community such as braids, colored hair, and dreadlocks from

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style developed, with women creating volume in the hair at the front of the head, usually with a pad underneath to lift it higher, and ornamented the back with seashells, pearls or gemstones. In 1750, women began dressing their hair with perfumed pomade and powdering it white. Just before World War

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From the 16th to the 19th century, European women's hair became more visible while their hair coverings grew smaller, with both becoming more elaborate, and with hairstyles beginning to include ornamentation such as flowers, ostrich plumes, ropes of pearls, jewels, ribbons and small crafted objects

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During the 15th and 16th centuries, European men wore their hair cropped no longer than shoulder-length, with very fashionable men wearing bangs or fringes. In Italy, it was common for men to dye their hair. In the early 17th century male hairstyles grew longer, with waves or curls being considered

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wigs are usually made from a fine fiber that mimics human hair. This fiber can be made in almost any color and hairstyle, and is often glossier than human hair. However, this fiber is sensitive to heat and cannot be styled with flat irons or curling irons. There is a newer synthetic fiber that can

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are used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it in place in a certain style. Applied properly, most styling products will not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling products contain alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals which can

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European-influenced Working-class people's haircuts have tended to be somewhat simple. Working-class men have often shaved their heads or worn their hair close-cropped. While working-class women typically with long hair often have their hair cinched back away from their faces and secured on their

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Upper-class people have always used their hairstyles to signal wealth and status. Wealthy Roman women wore complex hairstyles that needed the labours of several people to maintain them, and rich people have also often chosen hairstyles that restricted or burdened their movement, making it obvious

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of the water cause the strands to stretch downward and cling together along the hair's length, holding a line and making it easier for the stylist to create a form. It is important to note that this method of cutting hair while wet, may be most suitable (or common) for straight hair types. Curly,

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In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways. Women coloured their hair, curled it, and pinned it up (ponytail) in a variety of ways. For waves and curls, they used wet clay, which they dried in the sun before combing out, or they used a jelly

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Curling and straightening hair typically involve using a curling rod or a flat iron to achieve the desired look. These tools use heat to shape the hair into various waves and curls, or to temporarily straighten it by reversing natural curls. However, frequent use of heat styling tools can damage

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The challenges to social norms for hair in the 1960s onward alongside the more accessible hair dyes allowed for a variation in hairstyles to emerge. In the contemporary world, women and men can choose from a broad range of hairstyles. But they are still expected to wear their hair in ways that

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Since the 1960s and 1970s, women have worn their hair in a wide variety of styles. Part of this came from the "Black is Beautiful" movement which promoted the natural beauty of the Black population as opposed to what some considered a Eurocentric model. Some critics argue that straightening or

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such as replicas of ships and windmills. Bound hair was felt to be symbolic of propriety: loosening one's hair was considered immodest and sexual, and sometimes was felt to have supernatural connotations. Red hair was popular, particularly in England during the reign of the red-haired

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Hair cutting or hair trimming is intended to create or maintain a specific shape and form. There are ways to trim one's own hair but usually another person is enlisted to perform the process, as it is difficult to maintain symmetry while cutting hair at the back of one's head.

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From the time of the Roman Empire until the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow. It was normally just styled through cutting, as women's hair was tied up on the head and covered on most occasions when outside the home by using a

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that they did not need to work. Wealthy people's hairstyles used to be at the cutting edge of fashion, setting the styles for the less wealthy. But today, the wealthy are generally observed to wear their hair in conservative styles that date back decades prior.

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convenience and/or as a reflection of personal style, it is important not to keep the braids up longer than needed to avoid hair breakage or hair loss. Proper braiding technique and maintenance can result in no hair damage even with repeated braid styles.

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Physical factors include natural hair type and growth patterns, face and head shape from various angles, and overall body proportions; medical considerations may also apply. Self-image may be directed toward conforming to mainstream values (military-style

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to symbolize the start of their coming-of-age ceremony. Single women in Baekjae put their hair in a long pigtail and married women would braid their hair on both sides of the head. The hairstyles displayed their marital status to those around them.

1790:, where traditionally both genders have worn their hair cut into a bowl shape. In Western countries in the 1960s, both young men and young women wore their hair long and natural, and since then it has become more common for men to grow their hair. 2052:. Hair damage can be further exacerbated by the use of chemical products used for chemical straightening. The study's findings support recommendations to wear looser hairstyles and avoid keeping braids and extensions for more than a few months. 1826:

hair is a rejection of worldly pride and vanity. There may be another layer of giving up sexuality as well, as hair is seen as a sex symbol, so the inverse of little or no hair could be a symbol of celibacy- a common oath for holy people.

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in 1660, following a lengthy exile in France. These wigs were shoulder-length or longer, imitating the long hair that had become fashionable among men since the 1620s. Their use soon became popular in the English court. The London diarist

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Middle-class hairstyles tend to be understated and professional. Middle-class people aspire to have their hair look healthy and natural, implying that they have the resources to live a healthy lifestyle and take good care of themselves.

1752:, and combs can be used to achieve a variety of styles. There are also many decorative ornaments that, while they may have clasps to affix them to the hair, are used solely for appearance and do not aid in keeping the hair in place. In 1603:

Hair styling is a major world industry, from the salon itself to products, advertising, and even magazines on the subject. In the United States, most hairstylists are licensed after obtaining training at a cosmetology or beauty school.

594:. In the later half of the 15th century and on into the 16th century, a very high hairline on the forehead was considered attractive, and wealthy women frequently plucked out hair at their temples and the napes of their necks, or used 245:

People's hairstyles are largely determined by the fashions of the culture they live in. Hairstyles are markers and signifiers of social class, age, marital status, racial identification, political beliefs, and attitudes about gender.

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Hair, when it is natural and meets certain criteria, is one of the indicators of a person's good or poor health. This is one of the explanations for the significant role that hairstyles play in both sexual and emotional attraction.

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sexually appealing for women. Women are also more likely to style their hair in a variety of ways, including using accessories. Meanwhile, men's styles tended to be uniform amongst one another. Likely due to how many men experience

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An updo is a hair style that involves arranging the hair so that it is carried high on the head. It can be as simple as a ponytail, but is more commonly associated with more elaborate styles intended for special occasions such as a

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when I bought it. And it is a wonder what will be the fashion after the plague is done as to periwigs, for nobody will dare to buy any hair for fear of the infection? That it had been cut off the heads of people dead of the

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is similar to care of a normal head of hair in that the wig can be brushed, styled, and kept clean using haircare products. Wigs can serve as a form of protective styling that allows freedom of control of the hairstyling.

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style in China. The hairstyles were characterized by the large topknots on women's heads. Also, hairstyles were used as an expression of beauty, social status, and marital status. For instance, Japanese girls wore a

500: 2063:, bleaches, etc.) may contain allergenic ingredients. Several studies suggest that certain hairstyles or the use of bleaching or dyeing products may increase the risk of certain cancers (melanomas, as well as 3666: 1266:

Hairstyling may also include adding accessories (such as headbands or barrettes) to the hair to hold it in place, enhance its ornamental appearance, or partially or fully conceal it with coverings such as a

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Hair dryers can also be used as a tool to sculpt the hair to a very slight degree. Proper technique involves aiming the dryer such that the air does not blow onto the face or scalp, which can cause burns.

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Excessive heat may increase the rate of shaft-splitting or other damage to the hair. Hair dryer diffusers can be used to widen the stream of air flow so it is weaker but covers a larger area of the hair.

237:, which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also frequently kept covered outside the home, especially for married women. 1004:, while in the 1970s, hair tended to be longer and looser. In both the 1960s and 1970s many men and women wore their hair very long and straight. Long, natural hair was also worn due to the emergence of 979:

After the war, women started to wear their hair in softer, more natural styles. In the early 1950s women's hair was generally curled and worn in a variety of styles and lengths. In the later 1950s, high

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In recent years, competitive events for professional stylists have grown in popularity. Stylists compete on deadline to create the most elaborate hairstyle using props, lights and other accessories.

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The 1980s in America also were a time of noted turmoil between hair choices. Tensions arose particularly between hair choices from women of color, and the workplace as noted by court cases such as

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who used such styles to symbolize their opposition to the norm. From the 1950s onward, various groups have pushed the norms for hairstyles as symbols of their unique ideology or identity. The

2010:(such as lead oxide or lead combs) have been a source of lead poisoning. Hair is sensitive to air pollution, particularly to various metallic pollutants in the environment (such as lead, 1793:

During most periods in human history when men and women wore similar hairstyles, as in the 1920s and 1960s, it has generated significant social concern and approbation. In the west, the

2067:); thus, long and dark hair that shades the skin and protects it from excessive ultraviolet exposure could be a protective factor against certain skin cancers (such as ear cancers). 826:, which could measure up to three feet in height and width, and which are said by historians to have reflected the growing influence of France, rather than Spain, upon Argentinians. 755:, when the majority of men in many countries saw military service, finally despatching the full beard except for older men retaining the styles of their youth, and those affecting a 1921:

people of west Africa, unmarried women wear their hair ornamented with small amber beads and coins, while married women wear large amber ornaments. Marriage is signified among the

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A hairstyle's aesthetic considerations may be determined by many factors, such as the subject's physical attributes and desired self-image and/or the stylist's artistic instincts.

726:, who orders the execution of his son Titus). In 1799, a Parisian fashion magazine reported that even bald men were adopting Titus wigs, and the style was also worn by women, the 700:

as often assumed), with hair short and layered but somewhat piled up on the crown, often with restrained quiffs or locks hanging down; variants are familiar from the hair of both

371:, razors were known and in use by some men, but not on a daily basis since the procedure was rather unpleasant and required resharpening of the tool which reduced its endurance. 3839: 519: 2748: 1396:

kinky and other types of hair textures with considerable volume may benefit from cutting while dry, as the hair is in a more natural state and the hair can be cut evenly.

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powder to dye their hair red, making themselves nauseated and giving themselves headaches and nosebleeds. During this period in Spain and Latin cultures, women wore lace

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A hairstyle is achieved by arranging hair in a certain way, occasionally using combs, a blow-dryer, gel, or other products. The practice of styling hair is often called

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crafted from tortoise, metal, wood and other materials, but in the middle 1880s, upper-class Japanese women began pushing back their hair in the Western style (known as

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first, so that the hair is cut while still slightly damp. Compared to dry hair, wet hair can be easier to manage in a cut/style situation because the added weight and

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3rd September 1665: Up, and put on my coloured silk suit, very fine, and my new periwig, bought a good while since, but darst not wear it because the plague was in

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Some people may cover their hair totally or partially for cultural or religious reasons. Notable examples of head covering include women in Islam who wear the

1977:, his wife cut off her hair and buried it with him, and in Hindu families, the chief mourner is expected to shave his or her head 3 days after the death. 598:

to remove it, if it would otherwise be visible at the edges of their hair coverings. Working-class women in this period wore their hair in simple styles.

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and most Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads upon entering their order, and Korean Buddhist monks and nuns have their heads shaved every 15 days.

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remove excess water. The wig must then be air dried naturally into its own hairstyle. Proper maintenance can make a human hair wig last for many years.

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to keep their hair in place. At the beginning of the Second World War and for some time afterwards, men's haircuts grew shorter, mimicking the military

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Patton, Tracy Owens (Summer 2006). "Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair".

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Brushes and combs are used to organize and untangle the hair, encouraging all of the strands to lie in the same direction and removing debris such as

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During the First World War, women around the world started to shift to shorter hairstyles that were easier to manage. After WWI women started for to

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In the early 1870s, in a shift that historians attribute to the influence of the West, Japanese men began cutting their hair into styles known as

688:; he encouraged his friends to adopt it by betting them they would not. Another influential style (or group of styles) was named by the French " 1471:

speed the drying process of hair by blowing air, which is usually heated, over the wet hair shaft to accelerate the rate of water evaporation.

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every night and reteasing and respraying it every morning. In the 1960s, many women began to wear their hair in short modern cuts such as the

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All hairstyles are not created equal: What the dermatologist needs to know about black hairstyling practices and the risk of traction alopecia

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marinated in wine and vinegar. It was augmented by wigs, hairpieces and pads, and held in place by nets, pins, combs and pomade. Under the

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women have traditionally worn a "butterfly" hairstyle characterized by a twist or whorl of hair at each side of the face. Hindu widows in

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nuns often cut their hair very short, and men who joined Catholic monastic orders in the eighth century adopted what was known as the

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bomber, became popular. During this period many women washed and set their hair only once a week, and kept it in place by wearing

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are required to wear their hair unshorn. Women usually wear it in a braid or a bun and men cover it with a turban also known as a

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became popular also in this period: it was an expensive, uncomfortable and time-consuming process, in which the hair was put in

6200: 5422: 2156: 2030: 1645:. Hair dressing might also include the use of hair product to add texture, shine, curl, volume or hold to a particular style. 3856:

So, you may be wondering how we do this and not get hair all over the place…Can you figure out how we do this by the picture?

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The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair color on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health, and fertility

4982: 2022:, as hair bioconcentrates and stores them from the bloodstream to the skin. Additionally, certain medications can lead to 1359:

In the United States, cosmetology students purchase practice heads with human hair to learn cutting, coloring and styling.

1254:), though this is highly contextual such that "mainstream" look in one setting may be limited to a "subgroup" in another. 1748:

There are many options to embellish and arrange the hair. Hairpins, clasps, barrettes, headbands, ribbons, rubber bands,

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are such groups that caused outrage for their overlaps in masculine and feminine presentation. Around the 1950s onward,

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are also used when creating particular hairstyles. Their uses and designs vary over different cultural backgrounds.

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and inserted into a steam or dry heat machine. During the 1930s women began to wear their hair slightly longer, in

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From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France

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often powdered to achieve the impression of a short wig, tied into a small tail or "queue" behind (George III).

5387: 5008: 4459: 4395: 959:. Men wore their hair short, and either parted on the side or in the middle, or combed straight back, and used 31: 3547: 1869:

Conversely, there are also practices of keeping the hair long and/or uncut. One such example are adherents of

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At most times in most cultures, men have worn their hair in styles that are different from women's. American

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In the 1800s, American women started wearing their hair up when they became ready to get married. Among the

1906: 538:, women wore their hair in complicated styles: a mass of curls on top, or in rows of waves, drawn back into 165: 948:, or "cut-hair girls," young Japanese women who followed Westernized fashions and lifestyles in the 1920s. 109: 4737: 4647: 4637: 4609: 4574: 4055: 3873: 2041: 767: 634:

Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced into the English-speaking world with other French styles when

230:, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles. 6278: 5843: 5552: 4947: 4589: 4400: 4248: 3682: 3599:

The Growing Hair Roots of the Human Scalp and Morphologic Changes Therein Following Amethopterin Therapy

2891: 1834:, which involved shaving the tops of their heads and leaving a ring of hair around the bald crown. Many 952: 680:, arguably the precursor of most plain modern male styles, which was invented by the radical politician 635: 46: 3699:"3 Life-Changing Hairstyles Pros Swear By For Instantly 'Thick And Healthy' Hair An 'Instant Facelift'" 1024:

of the later 1970s, meanwhile, wanted to cause outrage, styling their hair in unique ways (such as the

3611: 3355: 91: 6245: 5955: 5868: 5793: 5687: 5437: 4932: 4494: 4479: 4415: 4233: 3330: 2999: 2993: 2430: 2424: 2315: 2309: 2088: 1881:, for instance all have some sort of religious writing on head coverings, particularly for women. In 723: 693: 340: 306: 951:

During this period, Western men began to wear their hair in ways popularized by movie stars such as

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Golden helmet imitating hairstyle, the First Dynasty of Ur, circa 2500 BC, Early Dynastic period III

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used to shave their heads as part of their mourning although that practice has mostly disappeared.

1878: 1843: 1657: 989: 985: 772: 595: 323: 294: 751:, and all remained very common until the 1890s, after which younger men ceased to wear them, with 6153: 5863: 5751: 5612: 5148: 4405: 4228: 4162: 4080: 3968: 3648: 3116: 3053: 2869: 2768: 2161: 1440:, or hairs that have already shed from their follicles but continue to cling to the other hairs. 639: 555: 3663:

Weaves, Braids, Extensions, Oh My! Why Your Favorite Hairstyles May Be Contributing to Hair Loss

1583: 1563: 2200: 854:(which roughly means "random cropping"). During this period, Japanese women were still wearing 452:

Hairstyles in ancient Korea and Japan were influenced by Chinese hairstyles. For instance, the

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inside the International Space Station. Sunita's ponytail was brought back to earth with the

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had shaved his head and that he tried on his new periwig for the first time, but in a year of

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historically have signified adulthood by switching from wearing two braids to one. Among the

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but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of

2574:, Editors: Sara E. Melzer, Kathryn Norberg, 1998, University of California Press, 1998, 2226:"Women > Veiling > What is the Hijab and Why do Women Wear it? – Arabs in America" 2225: 1805:

in the US opposed traditionally feminine beauty standards of long hair and little or no

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or tight clips, which bend the hair shaft at extreme angles, can have the same effect.

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reporting in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women were wearing their hair or wig

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Late 1st century BC portrait of a Roman woman with an elaborate hairstyle found on the

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There are all manner of detangling tools available in a wide variety of price ranges.

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During the 1920s and 1930s, Japanese women began wearing their hair in a style called

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