37:
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metacercariae mature within the amphipod where they produce viable eggs within the cyst in the hemocoel (body cavity). Eggs produced in this fashion remain enclosed in the cyst until the amphipod dies. After amphipod death, the eggs are released into the water where they hatch into miracidia and are
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The progenetic life cycle choice is dependent upon opportunities for transmission and the risk of dead-end transmission. The worm can use cues from the amphipod caused by the presence of the predatory definitive host to interrupt its growth cycle in wait to be eaten. However, under low amounts of
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is evolutionarily advantageous for this trematode. While inbreeding or selfing is evolutionarily disadvantageous, because it decreases the ability for genetic diversity to adapt to new hosts, this worm utilizes progenesis for reproductive insurance. Since progenesis does not preclude future
254:
will take up residence in the bully intestine where it will mature and reproduce eggs sexually (if it finds a partner) or via self-fertilization (since trematodes are hermaphroditic). However, if the amphipod is not eaten, the
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Another factor involved in the choice of progenesis is the competition with other interspecies and intraspecies competition. In the case of interspecies coinfection, competition with
433:
Lagrue C, Poulin R (2008). "Intra- and interspecific competition among helminth parasites: Effects on
Coitocaecum parvum life history strategy, size and fecundity".
554:
567:
386:
Kelly DW, Paterson RA, Townsend CR, Poulin R, Tompkins DM (2009). "Has the introduction of brown trout altered disease patterns in native New
Zealand fish?".
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infective to the snail. The process of maturing within the intermediate host and eliminating the need for the definitive host is known as progenesis.
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244:. At this stage, the metacercariae have two options: 1) to wait for the bully (the definitive host) to eat the amphipod or 2) to undergo selfing (
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freshwater trematode that can omit its definitive host and produce eggs by selfing or progenesis inside its amphipod second intermediate host.
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larvae infects the amphipod, and whoever reproduces faster is going to ensure passage of its genetic information.
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Lefebvre F, Fredensborg B, Armstrong A, Hansen E, Poulin R (2005). "Assortative pairing in the amphipod
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generations of cross-fertilization in the fish host, it is merely a means of avoiding dead-end hosts.
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634:
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Lagrue C, Waters JM, Poulin R, Keeney DB (2001). "Microsaterllite loci for the progenetic trematode,
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stress cues from the amphipod, the worm responds by adopting the progenetic lifecycle.
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begins when eggs are released into the water and hatch into free-swimming
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180:). The common and upland bully are freshwater fish of New Zealand that
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Lagrue C, Poulin R (2007). "Life cycle abbreviation in the trematode
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from the sporocysts and shed by the snails. These shed cercarial
214:(the New Zealand mud snail), where they multiply and develop into
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sp. (avian definitive host) favors progenesis in order to ensure
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egg production. Intraspecies coinfection is when more than one
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170:) that is parasitic to the intestine of the common bully (
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420:: can parasites adjust to variable conditions?".
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435:International Journal for Parasitology
7:
648:7F9147E5-ADB6-4C2A-931C-03C9D70A4ED6
622:4B9D7F0D-F068-D45C-DBD4-00F75332B801
583:6315c103-98de-4b7b-9aa9-a130ddd113ab
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234:of the second intermediate host,
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422:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
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184:uses as its definitive host.
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450:: a role for parasites?".
294:The progenetic ability of
671:Animals described in 1945
240:(amphipod) and encyst as
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32:Scientific classification
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23:
448:Paracalliope fluviatilis
370:Lagrue & Poulin 2008
358:Lagrue & Poulin 2007
237:Paracalliope fluviatilis
211:Potamopyrgus antipodarum
405:Molecular Ecology Notes
173:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
346:Lefebvre et al. 2005
218:. Next, free-living
230:then penetrate the
176:) or upland bully (
521:Coitocaecum_parvum
507:Coitocaecum parvum
477:Coitocaecum parvum
418:Coitocaecum parvum
401:Coitocaecum parvum
388:Freshwater Biology
319:Lagrue et al. 2001
224:asexually produced
200:The life cycle of
156:Coitocaecum parvum
141:Coitocaecum parvum
25:Coitocaecum parvum
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604:Open Tree of Life
469:Taxon identifiers
334:Kelly et al. 2009
264:Life cycle choice
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403:(Opecoelidae)".
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16:Species of fluke
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69:Platyhelminthes
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166:or flatworm (
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132:Binomial name
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441:: 1435–1444.
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676:Opecoelidae
501:Wikispecies
110:Coitocaecum
99:Opecoelidae
665:Categories
411:: 694–696.
303:References
290:Progenesis
246:progenesis
216:sporocysts
196:Life cycle
296:C. parvum
284:C. parvum
280:C. parvum
257:C. parvum
252:C. parvum
220:cercariae
206:miracidia
202:C. parvum
186:C. parvum
182:C. parvum
164:trematode
117:Species:
79:Trematoda
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
560:10062830
492:Q5141665
486:Wikidata
458:: 65–73.
232:hemocoel
161:digeneic
95:Family:
65:Phylum:
59:Animalia
45:Domain:
643:ZooBank
547:4861997
380:Sources
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
635:728332
596:728332
580:NZOR:
573:395013
228:larvae
630:WoRMS
617:Plazi
609:60925
555:IRMNG
188:is a
159:is a
591:OBIS
568:NCBI
542:GBIF
534:WWN4
222:are
529:CoL
516:AFD
456:545
248:).
667::
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326:^
311:^
409:7
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