49:
93:
263:, the common bully is normally found in mainland areas. These populations have established in land-locked areas due to natural processes. It is thought that these populations of fish inhabited lakes or relatively high in river systems which were eventually blocked off from the sea due to natural processes. In these land-locked environments the common bully is an important prey for larger freshwater fish such as eels and trout.
68:
233:
to New
Zealand, and is present throughout the country. There are three other bully species that can be confused with common bullies. There are few characteristics of the common bully that separate it from other species. Vertical lines present on the cheek are a good defining characteristic, along
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zones. Some populations venture into the sea and occur in coastal rivers and streams while other land-locked populations have established in many shallow mainland lakes. They generally prefer moderate to slow moving water which means they are the most likely bully species to be sighted. Its diet
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zones of lakes and streams as the females prepare to reproduce. The females attach clusters of a several hundred to a few thousand eggs onto the underside of hard surfaces on the lake bottom where they are fertilized and guarded by the males. The larval stage of bullies are
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use the gills of this fish species to transport their larvae to new locations away from their parents. By translocating toitoi into
Zealandia, they hope to help restore the fresh water ecosystem of both Zealandia and its connected waterways.
288:. As the young grow larger they move into deeper waters, and become benthic once they reach about 18mm in length. They mature at around 1 year old and the average generation gap is 2 years.
238:
fish meaning it is able to survive in marine and fresh water environments. It is a small fish only growing as big as 15 cm. It can live in marine, fresh water or
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704:
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846:
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Michel, Christian; Hicks, Brendan J.; Stƶlting, Kai N.; Clarke, Andrew C.; Stevens, Mark I.; Tana, Ray; Meyer, Axel; van den Heuvel, Michael R. (2008).
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with the location of head pores and scale patterns on the head although these are hard to establish when seen in the wild. It is an
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On the 12th May 2023, Zealandia Te MÄra a TÄne began what is believed to be the first translocation of this species into
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consists mainly of small benthic invertebrates but also involves insect larvae and crustacea.
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West, D.; David, B.; Closs, G.; Allibone, R.; Crow, S.; Franklin, P.; Ling, N. (2014).
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433:"Distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes of an endemic New Zealand eleotrid (
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Rowe, D. K. (1999). "Factors influencing the abundance of the common bully,
437:) ā implications for incipient speciation in island freshwater fish species"
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543:"More than 100 toitoi fish moved to Zealandia to replenish ecosystem"
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30:"Toi toi" redirects here. For the theatre expression, see
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McDowall, in small, North Island, New
Zealand, lakes".
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352:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T197319A2482075.en
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66:
47:
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857:Endemic freshwater fish of New Zealand
242:water habitats and generally lives in
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824:F77FA528-0769-42DF-8796-6D49628DC06C
798:BA5D640D-F0B8-A709-56D6-B735B656258A
759:01be197c-14f8-4084-8275-f607856ad550
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847:IUCN Red List least concern species
338:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
284:and their main source of food are
275:can be found moving more into the
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517:10.1046/j.1365-2400.1999.00162.x
505:Fisheries Management and Ecology
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541:Brannon, Bailey (2023-05-14).
255:Apart from a few sightings in
1:
405:"toitoi - MÄori Dictionary"
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29:
193:
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88:Scientific classification
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55:
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441:BMC Evolutionary Biology
645:gobiomorphus-cotidianus
631:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
601:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
501:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
435:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
331:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
273:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
219:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
197:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
18:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
862:Fish described in 1975
567:"Toitoi Translocation"
454:10.1186/1471-2148-8-49
384:NIWA Taihoro Nukurangi
409:maoridictionary.co.nz
345:: e.T197319A2482075.
271:In the summer months
261:Great Barrier Island
58:Conservation status
302:freshwater mussels
179:G. cotidianus
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780:Open Tree of Life
593:Taxon identifiers
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511:(5): 377ā386.
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380:"Common Bully"
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292:Translocations
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257:Stewart Island
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852:Gobiomorphus
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267:Reproduction
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236:amphidromous
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215:common bully
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166:Gobiomorphus
165:
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692:iNaturalist
625:Wikispecies
358:20 November
286:zooplankton
145:Gobiiformes
32:Toi toi toi
841:Categories
576:2023-05-15
552:2023-05-15
414:2020-05-02
309:References
282:planktonic
155:Eleotridae
571:Zealandia
525:1365-2400
463:1471-2148
298:Zealandia
173:Species:
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
710:11093160
666:FishBase
616:Q3521778
610:Wikidata
481:18275608
277:littoral
240:brackish
204:McDowall
151:Family:
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
819:ZooBank
684:2386391
472:2270262
244:benthic
231:endemic
161:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
76: (
811:280892
785:448107
772:280892
756:NZOR:
749:226931
736:197319
723:637411
697:410630
640:ARKive
523:
479:
469:
461:
447:: 49.
389:16 May
223:toitoi
221:), or
206:, 1975
806:WoRMS
793:Plazi
705:IRMNG
671:10353
658:6KN7S
227:MÄori
767:OBIS
744:NCBI
731:IUCN
718:ITIS
679:GBIF
521:ISSN
477:PMID
459:ISSN
391:2016
360:2021
343:2014
259:and
213:The
653:CoL
547:RNZ
513:doi
467:PMC
449:doi
347:doi
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225:(
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34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
