Knowledge (XXG)

Color triangle

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experiments of Professor J. D. Forbes, which I witnessed in 1849… that blue and yellow do not make green, but a pinkish tint, when neither prevails in the combination… result of mixing yellow and blue was, I believe, not previously
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A color triangle attributed to Fick in 1892, based on imaginary primaries corresponding to the three primary sensations of the human eye. In such a triangle, all real colors fall within the curved outline defined by the "pure
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representing the chromaticity values. Since the sum of the three chromaticity values has a fixed value, it suffices to depict only two of the three values, using Cartesian co-ordinates. In the modern
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diagram, the large triangle bounded by the imaginary primaries X, Y, and Z has corners (1,0), (0,1), and (0,0), respectively; color triangles with real primaries are often shown within this space.
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Initially, he compared the color he observed on the spinning top with a paper of different color, in order to find a match. Later, he mounted a pair of papers, snow white (SW) and
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To determine the chromaticity of an arbitrary color, he replaced one of the primaries with a sample of the test color and adjusted the ratios until he found a match. For
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Maxwell took this a step further by using a circular scale around the rim with which to measure the ratios of the primaries, choosing
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James Clerk Maxwell, Experiments on colour, as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness (1855),
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that is a color triangle, when the amounts of the primaries are constrained to be nonnegative.
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Experiments on colour as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness
615: 17: 2068: 1911: 1748: 1739: 1643: 1631: 1571: 1387: 1350: 1345: 1328: 985: 121:, triangles were also used to organize colors, for example around a system of 1928: 1901: 1896: 1405: 920: 908: 903: 834: 829: 175: 852: 844: 539: 2183: 1906: 1514: 975: 970: 898: 893: 824: 814: 751: 688: 77: 61: 1955: 1237: 1120: 1010: 2178: 1781: 1771: 809: 746: 1806: 1801: 1791: 1761: 1232: 1203: 944: 939: 927: 915: 888: 869: 864: 804: 698: 103: 73: 43: 31: 1796: 1776: 1756: 1626: 1543: 881: 819: 779: 526: 49: 1176: 1172: 627: 466:
Werner Backhaus, Reinhold Kliegl and John Simon Werner (1998).
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Digital Pictures: Representation, Compression, and Standards
522:"A Maxwell Triangle Yielding Uniform Chromaticity Scales" 1155:
For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see
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Color Vision: Perspectives from Different Disciplines
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Before the theory of additive color was proposed by
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(January 1935). 1982:International Color Consortium 1971:International Colour Authority 363:Drawing of Maxwell's color top 1: 2047:List of Crayola crayon colors 553:Peter Michael Harman (1998). 499:. Columbia University Press. 445:(second ed.). Springer. 128:After the development of the 614:James Clerk Maxwell (1855), 584:James Clerk Maxwell (2003). 1850:Traditional colors of Japan 1627:Achromatic colors (Neutral) 1510:Multi-primary color display 1284:Spectral power distribution 2254: 1069:Colour Index International 561:Cambridge University Press 2192: 1710:Color realism (art style) 1568: 1368:Evolution of color vision 1153: 661: 148:Maxwell was intrigued by 113:and further developed by 36:A 1775 color triangle by 2027:List of colors (compact) 1845:Color in Chinese culture 1495:Digital image processing 1228:Electromagnetic spectrum 493:Sarah Lowengard (2008). 390:Maxwell's color triangle 345:color matching functions 2032:List of colors by shade 2037:List of color palettes 540:10.1364/JOSA.25.000024 334: 257: 172: 65: 41: 1961:Color Marketing Group 1716:On Vision and Colours 1649:Tinctures in heraldry 1260:Structural coloration 472:. Walter de Gruyter. 439:; G. Haskell (1995). 335: 258: 134:trilinear coordinates 119:Hermann von Helmholtz 88:combination of three 72:is an arrangement of 47: 35: 2042:List of color spaces 1934:Tint, shade and tone 1817:Cultural differences 1632:Polychromatic colors 1617:Complementary colors 1605:Monochromatic colors 1086:Federal Standard 595 666:List of color spaces 349:CIE 1931 color space 273: 199: 143: 2238:James Clerk Maxwell 2022:List of colors: N–Z 2017:List of colors: G–M 2012:List of colors: A–F 115:James Clerk Maxwell 2069:List of web colors 2064:List of RAL colors 1470:Color reproduction 1435:Lüscher color test 1272:Color of chemicals 592:Dover Publications 330: 253: 150:James David Forbes 66: 42: 2220: 2219: 2160: 2159: 1942: 1941: 1734: 1733: 1724:Theory of Colours 1566: 1565: 1478:Color photography 1430:Color preferences 1373:Impossible colors 1363:Color vision test 1358:Color temperature 1336:Color calibration 1265:Animal coloration 1170: 1169: 506:978-0-231-12454-6 437:Arun N. Netravali 405: 16:(Redirected from 2245: 2210: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2000: 1866:Color dimensions 1855:Human skin color 1745: 1622:Analogous colors 1588: 1574: 1500:Color management 1417:Color psychology 1383:Opponent process 1299:Color perception 1218: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1174: 1160: 1159: 1146: 775:RGB color spaces 648: 641: 634: 625: 618: 612: 606: 605: 581: 575: 574: 550: 544: 543: 517: 511: 510: 490: 484: 483: 463: 457: 456: 433: 402: 399: 387: 372: 360: 339: 337: 336: 331: 262: 260: 259: 254: 170: 152:'s use of color 92:at its corners. 21: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2188: 2156: 2073: 1991: 1948: 1938: 1861: 1840:Blue in culture 1811: 1730: 1677:Secondary color 1653: 1610:black-and-white 1582: 1575: 1562: 1464: 1450:National colors 1445:Political color 1425:Color symbolism 1411: 1341:Color constancy 1319:Color blindness 1293: 1250:Spectral colors 1207: 1201: 1171: 1166: 1149: 1140: 1074:CI list of dyes 1051: 1045: 1001:Imaginary color 949: 839: 785:rg chromaticity 761: 708: 675: 657: 652: 622: 621: 613: 609: 602: 583: 582: 578: 571: 552: 551: 547: 519: 518: 514: 507: 492: 491: 487: 480: 465: 464: 460: 453: 435: 434: 430: 425: 413: 406: 400: 391: 388: 379: 373: 364: 361: 271: 270: 197: 196: 171: 165: 146: 80:, based on the 60:space based on 28: 23: 22: 18:Colour triangle 15: 12: 11: 5: 2251: 2249: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2204: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1836:Color history 1834: 1833: 1832: 1821: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1751: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1720: 1719:(Schopenhauer) 1712: 1707: 1704:Color analysis 1701: 1699:Color triangle 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1663: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1596: 1594: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1505:Color printing 1502: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1474: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1440:Kruithof curve 1437: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1312:Sonochromatism 1303: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1224: 1222: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 957: 955: 951: 950: 948: 947: 942: 937: 936: 935: 925: 924: 923: 913: 912: 911: 906: 901: 896: 886: 885: 884: 874: 873: 872: 862: 861: 860: 849: 847: 841: 840: 838: 837: 832: 827: 822: 820:SMPTE 240M/"C" 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 771: 769: 763: 762: 760: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 718: 716: 710: 709: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 683: 677: 676: 674: 673: 668: 662: 659: 658: 653: 651: 650: 643: 636: 628: 620: 619: 607: 600: 576: 569: 545: 512: 505: 485: 478: 458: 451: 427: 426: 424: 421: 420: 419: 412: 409: 408: 407: 401: 394: 392: 389: 382: 380: 378:with his wheel 374: 367: 365: 362: 355: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 281: 278: 269:(PC) he found 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 204: 163: 145: 144:Maxwell's disc 142: 90:primary colors 70:color triangle 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2250: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2213: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1949:organizations 1945: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1890:Pastel colors 1888: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1672:Primary color 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1639:Light-on-dark 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1578: 1573: 1559: 1558:Color mapping 1556: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1483:Color balance 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1460:Chromotherapy 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1400:Tetrachromacy 1398: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1324:Achromatopsia 1322: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1307:Chromesthesia 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221:Color physics 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213:Color science 1210: 1205: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1164: 1152: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1052:and standards 1050:Color systems 1048: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 956: 952: 946: 943: 941: 938: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926: 922: 919: 918: 917: 914: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 883: 880: 879: 878: 875: 871: 868: 867: 866: 863: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 850: 848: 846: 842: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 772: 770: 768: 764: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 747:CIELUV (1976) 745: 743: 742:CIELAB (1976) 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 719: 717: 715: 711: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 684: 682: 678: 672: 669: 667: 664: 663: 660: 656: 649: 644: 642: 637: 635: 630: 629: 626: 617: 611: 608: 603: 601:0-486-49560-4 597: 593: 589: 588: 580: 577: 572: 570:0-521-00585-X 566: 562: 558: 557: 549: 546: 541: 537: 533: 529: 528: 523: 516: 513: 508: 502: 498: 497: 489: 486: 481: 479:3-11-015431-5 475: 471: 470: 462: 459: 454: 452:0-306-42195-X 448: 444: 443: 438: 432: 429: 422: 418: 415: 414: 410: 398: 393: 386: 381: 377: 371: 366: 359: 354: 352: 350: 346: 341: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 268: 263: 250: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 202: 194: 192: 187: 185: 181: 177: 169: 162: 157: 155: 151: 141: 139: 135: 131: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 105: 102: 98: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 63: 59: 55: 51: 46: 39: 34: 30: 19: 2233:Color scales 1922:Fluorescence 1885:Colorfulness 1878:Dichromatism 1722: 1714: 1698: 1684:Chromaticity 1667:Color mixing 1659:Color theory 1592:Color scheme 1455:Chromophobia 1404: 1163:Color vision 671:Color models 610: 586: 579: 555: 548: 534:(1): 24–35. 531: 525: 515: 495: 488: 468: 461: 441: 431: 404:sensations". 342: 264: 195: 188: 173: 159: 147: 137: 127: 111:Thomas Young 108: 101:chromaticity 95:An additive 94: 69: 67: 58:chromaticity 53: 38:Tobias Mayer 29: 2059:Color chart 1917:Iridescence 1749:Basic terms 1740:Color terms 1694:Color wheel 1689:Color solid 1553:Color space 1539:subtractive 1522:Color model 1393:Unique hues 1289:Colorimetry 1255:Chromophore 1141: [ 1096:ICC profile 655:Color space 417:Color wheel 267:pale chrome 191:ivory black 184:ultramarine 97:color space 86:subtractive 64:colorimetry 2227:Categories 2079:Shades of: 1912:Brightness 1644:Web colors 1600:Color tool 1583:philosophy 1488:Color cast 1388:Afterimage 1378:Metamerism 1351:Color code 1346:Color task 1329:Dichromacy 986:Hexachrome 795:Wide-gamut 737:UVW (1964) 732:YUV (1960) 727:RGB (1931) 722:XYZ (1931) 423:References 182:(EG), and 130:CIE system 1929:Grayscale 1902:Lightness 1897:Luminance 1706:(fashion) 1406:The dress 1138:JIS Z8102 921:Rec. 2100 909:Rec. 2100 904:Rec. 2020 835:Rec. 2100 830:Rec. 2020 176:vermilion 76:within a 56:space, a 2202:Category 2184:Lighting 1907:Darkness 1727:(Goethe) 1527:additive 1515:Quattron 1101:ISCC–NBS 991:HSL, HSV 976:Coloroid 971:ColorADD 899:Rec. 709 894:Rec. 601 825:Rec. 709 815:Rec. 601 800:ProPhoto 757:CIECAM16 752:CIECAM02 704:CIECAM16 689:CIECAM02 411:See also 164:—  82:additive 78:triangle 62:CIE 1931 2166:Related 2127:Magenta 2052:history 1956:Pantone 1243:Visible 1238:Rainbow 1121:Pantone 1116:Ostwald 1106:Munsell 1011:OSA-UCS 376:Maxwell 347:of the 180:emerald 2179:Qualia 2174:Vision 2122:Purple 2117:Violet 2097:Yellow 2092:Orange 1787:Orange 1782:Purple 1772:Yellow 1206:topics 1161:  961:CcMmYK 810:DCI-P3 598:  567:  503:  476:  449:  161:known. 74:colors 2212:Index 2152:Black 2142:White 2137:Brown 2102:Green 2004:Lists 1996:Names 1978:(CIE) 1947:Color 1807:Brown 1802:White 1792:Black 1762:Green 1581:Color 1277:Water 1233:Light 1204:Color 1145:] 1006:Oklab 954:Other 945:YCoCg 940:xvYCC 928:YPbPr 916:ICtCp 889:YCbCr 870:SECAM 865:YDbDr 805:scRGB 790:Adobe 699:CAM16 186:(U). 178:(V), 104:gamut 2147:Gray 2132:Pink 2112:Blue 2107:Cyan 1797:Gray 1777:Pink 1757:Blue 1544:CMYK 1131:list 1064:ANPA 1059:ACES 1016:PCCS 966:CMYK 882:NTSC 845:Y′UV 780:sRGB 694:iCAM 596:ISBN 565:ISBN 527:JOSA 501:ISBN 474:ISBN 447:ISBN 322:0.63 310:0.37 298:0.12 289:0.55 277:0.33 245:0.72 233:0.28 221:0.36 212:0.27 203:0.37 154:tops 117:and 50:sRGB 48:The 2087:Red 1873:Hue 1767:Red 1532:RGB 1126:RAL 1111:NCS 1091:HKS 1081:DIC 1041:TSL 1036:YJK 1031:HWB 1026:RYB 996:HCL 981:LMS 933:MAC 877:YIQ 858:PAL 853:YUV 767:RGB 714:CIE 681:CAM 536:doi 138:x,y 84:or 54:x,y 2229:: 1143:ja 1021:RG 594:. 590:. 563:. 559:. 532:25 530:. 524:. 125:. 68:A 1196:e 1189:t 1182:v 1165:. 647:e 640:t 633:v 604:. 573:. 542:. 538:: 509:. 482:. 455:. 328:K 325:B 319:+ 316:W 313:S 307:= 304:G 301:E 295:+ 292:U 286:+ 283:C 280:P 251:K 248:B 242:+ 239:W 236:S 230:= 227:G 224:E 218:+ 215:U 209:+ 206:V 40:. 20:)

Index

Colour triangle

Tobias Mayer

sRGB
chromaticity
CIE 1931
colors
triangle
additive
subtractive
primary colors
color space
chromaticity
gamut
Thomas Young
James Clerk Maxwell
Hermann von Helmholtz
red, yellow, and blue primary colors
CIE system
trilinear coordinates
James David Forbes
tops
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
vermilion
emerald
ultramarine
ivory black
pale chrome
color matching functions

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