Knowledge (XXG)

Colour guard

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1003: 134: 767: 1363: 190: 448: 1349: 709: 535: 360: 1376: 1128: 296:. All colour bearers of formations above company level must be, following US tradition, holding the rank of sergeant or above as a non-commissioned officer, while the colour escorts are lower ranking enlisted personnel. All wear full dress, service dress or battle dress uniforms. Since the National Day parade of 1978, the format of unit colour guards in ROCAF formations of battalion size (and of equivalent formations) is: 1030:. Colour guards from these states are typically composed of a colour officer, one ensign or senior NCO holding the flag of their respective country as the national colour or the unit colour, and two enlisted personnel assisting the ensign. Active units, military academies, and guards of honour carry sabers in the colour guard, if needed, rifles may be substituted. The guard wears full or combat dress uniform. 731:(présentez arme). On command, the two NCOs and three enlisted will execute present arms, whether it be by presenting their sabre vertically or by putting the right hand over the handle of their weapon while the ensign lowers the national colour/unit colour somewhere close to their legs. On some occasions, the flag is not lowered unless the guard is in the presence of a dignitary (such as the 37: 1185: 247: 133: 1119:
subaltern officer, two armed senior NCOs serving as colour escorts, and two honour guard platoons guarding the colour from the rear also armed. Unlike in other countries the colour guard company wears either full or combat dress. The Guard of the Serbian Armed Forces has its colour company wearing dress uniform.
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The U.S. colour guard is formed and marched in one rank at close interval. Since the National Colors must always be in the position of honour on the right, the colour guard must execute a special movement to reverse direction. It does not execute rear march, nor does it execute about face. Rather, it
974:—is bestowed upon disciplined students with high grades in the latest school year (6th grade in elementary schools, 9th grade in middle schools, and 12th grade in high schools). Sometimes, though, students from lower years or with lower grades may be chosen. Some schools only employ female students. 265:
In the parades of the 1950s, this configuration was present in every unit of the PLA up to the parade of 1959, but with the ensign and escorts drawn from individual formations. Today, only honour guards are granted colour guard duty to represent the whole of the PLA. Being the senior-most branch of
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In the U.S. military, individuals or units passing or being passed by uncased (unfurled) colours render honours when outdoors. Individuals who are not part of any formation begin the hand salute when the colours are six paces distant and hold it until they have passed six paces beyond the colours.
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The colour guard renders honours when the national anthem is played or sung, when passing in review during a parade, or in certain other circumstances. In these cases, the unit and departmental flags salute by dipping (leaning the flag forward). However, with the exception of a response to a naval
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Such banners or flags also came to represent a units identity and history. They were therefore treated with reverence as they represented the honour and traditions of the regiment. The loss of a unit's flag was shameful, and losing that central point of reference could also make the unit break up.
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Given a shared heritage with Austria and Turkey plus its own traditions, the modern Serbian Armed Forces maintains a colour guard component. Every unit of the Armed Forces has a colour company that includes the colour company commander and the colour guards; which includes one ensign, usually a
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The layout consists of the flag-bearer flanked by two escorts—the right and the left escort—on the rear there are two rearguards and finally to the right escort's right is the commander. Normally the shortest members happen to be the rearguards. They wear their school dress or athletic uniform.
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As long as armies existed there was a need for soldiers to know where their comrades where. A solution to this problem was the carrying of colourful banners or other insignia. Such flags or banners either showed a personal symbol of the leader of said units or a symbol for the "state" they
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representative serves as the ensign in the service colour guard, with the officer to his/her right being from the Navy and the officer to their left being from the Air Force. Since 1981, the PLA has continued a tradition of the colour guard detail with the PLA flag leading the
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follows French precedent but with the addition of a colour officer leading the formation. The front of the guard is made up of the ensign, a junior officer, flanked by two armed or unarmed escorts, together with the colour officer, with three rear escorts behind the ensign.
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A US colour guard is made up of a "Color Sergeant" carrying the National Colours and serves as the unit commander, a unit or command colour bearer, and two colour escorts carrying rifles and/or sabres. If multiple colours are carried, multiple colour bearers may be needed.
967:—the school's colour guard march around the schoolyard while the rest of the students and school staff sing the national anthem; once they finish, the pledge of allegiance is recited, even though it's not mandated by law to do so, and finally the colour guard march off. 429:
and sabres, colour guards of the Commonwealth of Nations are expected to lower their flags to the ground in full and regular salutes in ceremonies and parades. Civilians should stand during such times and soldiers are expected to salute them when not in formation.
994:(aspirant officers who have not been sworn in yet). The colour guard practice mirrors that of the United Kingdom, with an ensign of second lieutenant rank (or equivalent), armed escorts, and a colour guard commander. All wear full dress uniform as a general rule. 941:. In Mexico these formations are made up of six individuals: the flag party commander and the escort proper of around 5, following the French practice. In the Mexican Armed Forces, National Guard and state police formations the colour escort squad is made up of: 1139:
In Sweden the colour guard can be composed in three distinct manners: Greater colour guard, smaller colour guard and an officers guard. Each regiment, or military unit that carries a colour, in Sweden sets up its own colour guard. The Swedish military rank of
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is modeled on the German, Russian and US practice. Until 1976, each military unit sported a singular stand of colours on parade, as opposed to the honour guard of the ROCAF, which is more aligned with the traditions of the US Joint Service Honour Guard of the
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Being assigned to the colour guard is considered an honour due to the fact that these individuals present and carry the symbols of their unit and country. Depending on the circumstance and subject to the orders of their commander, members may wear
279:, which is present during flag ceremonies in Tienanmen Square in Beijing carrying the national flag, was officially attached to the honour guard battalion. Its colour guard squad follows the same format as the guard of honor colour guard squad. 403:
or equivalent (pilot officer or sub-lieutenant), positioned in the centre of the colour guard, flanked by two or more individuals, typically armed with rifles or sabres. A colour sergeant major typically stands behind the colours carrying a
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follow the old German traditions of a three-man colour guard team. A tradition stemming from the days of empire, the colour guard is made up of an ensign, usually a senior NCO (and historically a lieutenant), and two unarmed escorts.
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The colour guards of France's military academies tend to wear swords; those of NCO schools, other educational institutions and active units carry rifles instead. This design is used in other countries with Francophone populations.
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Colour guards in the artillery units are technically the lead gun's crew and leader (except in the Honourable Artillery Company which uses both guns and colours) and there are no colour guards in the rifle regiments (nowadays
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is 2023 documentary film directed by Allen Otto and executive produced by Jim Czarnecki. The film premiered at the 2023 Philadelphia Latino Film Festival. The film follows the journey of an all-female color guard team at
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is responsible for the safeguarding, care, and display of the organizational colours. The sergeant major is also responsible for the selection, training, and performance of the members. The colour guard consists of
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As the British Army, the Royal Air Force, the Royal Marines and the Royal Navy have several types of colours, there are also colour guards for these colours and these colours and their colour guards are as follows:
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Therefore, regiments tended to adopt colour guards, a detachment of experienced or élite soldiers, to protect their colours. As a result, the capture of an enemy's standard was considered as a great feat of arms.
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A smaller colour guard is composed of one commissioned officer and four enlisted soldiers. An officers colour guard is composed of three commissioned officers, one ensign and two officer escorts carrying sabres.
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Civilians are expected to stand at the position of attention with their right hand placed over their heart for the same period, and the hand salute applies to uniformed organizations as well (specifically the
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This article is about the military colour guard. For information about the flag, rifle, and sabre auxiliary units associated with high school and university marching bands and drum and bugle corps, see
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Regimental flags were sometimes awarded to a regiment by a head of state during a ceremony, which was considered a high honour usually reserved for elite units, and colours may be inscribed with
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when all Swedish regiments had eight battalions. Each battalion contributed one soldier to the common colour guard. If one colour is carried the second officer serves as the colour officer.
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followed Soviet practice in colour guard training and protocols. Since that year the old tradition was restored in the uniformed organizations and thus remains till today in the country.
1007: 1148:) was originally intended for the holder of the company flag. This duty was considered so prestigious that an officer was necessary to carry it out. Today, it is a regular officer rank. 616:
Colour Corporals/Sergeants, Warrant Officers, Guard Corporal/Sergeant of the Colours, Colours Corporal Major (Household Cavalry), Colours Sergeant Major (other cavalry and armour units)
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Due to the advent of modern weapons, and subsequent changes in tactics, colours are no longer used in battle but continue to be carried by colour guards at events of formal character.
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Regimental/squadron standard/guidon – Crimson or scarlet or other colours with the royal cypher, the Union Badge, regimental insignia and honours (only guidons are swallow tailed)
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In the cavalry, the King's Standard or Guidon and the regimental/squadron standard or guidon (for the light cavalry only) are the equivalents to the King's and regimental colours.
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of the institution. The Pataka are modeled from the former Dutch practice and is led by a colour sergeant positioned at the middle of the guard (rear of the ensign), while the
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was never allowed to be paraded by a military colour guard, with military and regimental flags only being paraded in colour guards. On occasion during the Soviet era, the
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If there are multiple colour guards marching in a parade at the same time, one guard is required to march directly behind the first guard. During the Soviet era, the
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Regimental colour – Union Jack on the canton and dark blue with HM King George IV's cypher and the unit name, and the sovereign's cypher on the other corners
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The joint service colour guard of the ROCAF General Headquarters, today as in the past, is similarly composed but is more larger, with its composition being
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However, several post-Soviet armed forces have deviated/modified the practices of the former Soviet colour guard; evident with the colour guards of the
766: 1232: 1100: 1731: 1671: 1648: 806: 798: 761: 213: 1516: 272: 1432:). Since recently, veterans are expected to hand salute the colours too, like their military counterparts including personnel not in uniform. 1739: 1679: 1656: 1446: 1382: 1228: 1220: 891:, white leather flag carrier worn by the ensign, and white parade boots. The colour guard from the military or police usually carries the 1567: 736: 1362: 1255:)). In addition to the flag bearers, who are positioned in the center of the colour guard, there are two or more individuals who carry 1023: 797:, etc. The Pataka consists of white-uniformed 9 to 12 guardsmen which are present during ceremonial events carrying and escorting the 720:
as the national colour, two non-commissioned officers assisting the ensign, and three enlisted personnel behind to guard the colour.
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to protect the colour. Colour guards are generally dismounted, but there are also mounted colour guard formations as well.
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and the national flag. This duty is highly prestigious, and the military colour is generally carried by a young officer (
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Colours of battalions and brigades are not provided with a colour guard at all since they were introduced in the 2000s.
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is a 2016 documentary film directed by Turner Ross and Bill Ross IV. The film was produced as a collaboration between
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King's Colour – Union Jack with the sovereign's cypher and the RM emblem and motto with the "Gibraltar" battle honour
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as National Colour (Infantry and other units)/National Standard (Cavalry and Artillery (the latter in the Army only))
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The uniform of the colour guard in Indonesia is all-white, wearing a white ceremonial combat helmet similar to the
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The Massed Colour Guard carrying the Colours of the Armed Forces and the National Police force at Merdeka Palace
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was also used in colour guard teams, with the last known occasions being in 1975, 1977, 1985, 1987 and 1990.
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in full dress. Color guards of the U.S. Armed Forces typically wear full-dress, or less formal attire.
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The customs practiced by the colour guards of the former Soviet Armed Forces was also adopted by the
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U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary 11th District Southern Region, Division 12, Flotilla 12-04 Color Guard
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All of the RN's King's Colours are identical. Within the RN a colour guard unit consists of:
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performs a maneuver derived from the standard counter-column command, generally known as
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are marched off by colour guards, during the presentation of new colours to the regiment.
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in military parades. In December 2017, the Beijing Garrison Colour Guard Company of the
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salute, the United States national flag renders no salute. This is enshrined in the
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Regimental colour – Union Flag on the canton with the regimental arms and honours
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when abroad, and two officers or senior NCOs assisting the ensign holding rifles.
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Brigade-level colours (and above) are guided by the left and right escorts only.
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The Dutch armed forces have similar ranks corresponding to a colour guard, the
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Normally, the honour of being part of such colour guards—or as known in Mexico
1877:"San Antonio native Allen Otto explores color guard, grief in film 'On Guard'" 1581: 1441: 1104: 908: 810: 748: 624: 523:
Colour Sergeants, Ensign, Guard Sergeant of the Colours, Colour Sergeant Major
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The practices of the colour guards for the armed forces of a number of
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Rear guard squad of three enlisted personnel (two squads of 3–4 in the
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which is the term used in various uniformed institutions including the
631:(which use the King's Truncheon) and in the Royal Hospital in Chelsea. 384: 1969: 1156:
A expanded colour guard composed of two commissioned officers, called
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Squadron Colour – Air force blue with the unit insignia and honours
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are similar to one another, adopting the practice from the former
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In Mexican schools, during flag ceremonies—or as known in Mexico
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A French colour guards typically includes one ensign holding the
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defaced with the sovereign's cypher and inscribed with honours
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The Chinese People's Liberation Army since 1949: Ground Forces
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A colour guard detachment during the opening ceremony for the
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State Colour – Crimson with insignia and the honours and the
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Other drill movements performed by the colour guard include
829:/Lieutenant (junior grade) rank leads the formation. In the 161:) is a detachment of soldiers assigned to the protection of 1052:, whose colour guards dip their flags as a form of salute. 593:
King's Standard – Crimson with the royal coat of arms, the
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is used to describe colour guards and flag parties in the
455:. Note the distinctive shoulder insignia on the upper arm. 762:
Military colours, standards and guidons § Indonesia
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Colour Sgts., Ensigns, Guard Sergeant of the Colours, CSM
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MCO P5060.20 US Marine Corps Drill and Ceremonies Manual
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A standard template for a colour guard formation in the
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Swedish ceremonial colour guard at the opening of the
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154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment
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French colour guards render honours on the command of
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Colour guards are used in the military throughout the
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Lead squad carrying the unit colour or national flag
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Colour guard of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
825:. In the case of a massed colour guard, the Ensign ( 697:
Escorts, Ensigns, Guard Sergeant of the Colours, CSM
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Escorts, Ensigns, Guard Sergeant of the Colours, CSM
1692:Morrow, JoyceE.; Schoomaker, Peter K. (July 2003). 1063:between the two countries. Other countries such as 600:
Colour Sergeant/Corporal of Horse, Warrant Officers
230:or other symbols representing former achievements. 61:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 859:Two non-commissioned officers escorting the colour 1280:members and is commanded by the senior (colour) 1083:have adopted this variant of the Soviet system. 551:with the sovereign's cypher and the RAF roundel 395:. A colour guard unit typically consists of the 294:Joint Force Headquarters National Capital Region 169:), while experienced non-commissioned officers ( 464:(Crimson with insignia and the honours for the 1854:"On Guard: A Story of American Youth premiere" 1471:, Michael Gottwald, Dan Janvey and Josh Penn. 484:in ceremonies in the presence of the monarch 287:In Taiwan, the colour guard tradition of the 8: 1802:"Film Screening in the EP Energy Auditorium" 1453:, which were ultimately canceled due to the 1312:. On occasion, certain colour guards can be 1195:". Note that the national flag does not dip. 1071:(replacing the United States practice after 1379:WW II Color Guard of the 6th Infantry, 1945 1903:Philadelphia Latino Film Festival (PHLAFF) 1694:"FM 3-21.5 (FM 22-5) Drill and Ceremonies" 1582:"Wachbataillon enthüllt die Truppenfahne" 1101:Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania 121:Learn how and when to remove this message 1949:Continental Color Guard of The Old Guard 1899:"Philadelphia Latino Film Festival 2023" 132: 1965:U.S. Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard 1507: 1271:In the U.S., traditionally, the unit's 1144:(and the corresponding cavalry rank of 421:Colour Sergeant Major behind the colour 214:Military colours, standards and guidons 1449:whose goal is to qualify for the 2020 867:One replacement colour sergeant/ensign 273:Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion 1828:"On Guard: A Story of American Youth" 1442:"On Guard: A Story of American Youth" 608:same as in the King's Standard/Guidon 7: 1740:United States Department of the Army 1729:FM 22-5, Section 9, Paragraph 43 (c) 1680:United States Department of the Army 1669:FM 22-5, Section 9, Paragraph 45 (a) 1657:United States Department of the Army 1646:FM 22-5, Section 9, Paragraph 43 (e) 1191:colour guard during the playing of " 735:) or a military leader (such as the 59:adding citations to reliable sources 1778:Sandoval, Isabella (11 July 2023). 1703:. United States Army. p. K-3. 1211:appropriate to its position in the 1753:"30th Annual Film Festival Lineup" 1515:Lai, Benjamin (20 November 2012). 1352:A color guard detachment from the 1267:Composition of the US colour guard 1024:Commonwealth of Independent States 1010:at the 2010 Victory Day Parade in 817:level, the colour is carried by a 813:(2nd Lieutenant or Ensign). For a 694:Combined Colour Guards for the RM 480:at the corners, used only for the 347:Air Force Honour Guard Unit Colour 193:Fight for the flag between French 24:. For the American rock band, see 14: 1328:Rendering honours and Maneuvering 241: 1856:. Ely Film Festival. 10 Feb 2023 833:, the Horse Cavalry Detachment ( 787:Indonesian National Armed Forces 771:Indonesian National Armed Forces 412:Colour Sergeants carrying rifles 35: 1875:Martinez, Kiko (10 July 2023). 1710:from the original on 2012-09-16 1366:Joint colour guard marching at 1203:, the colour guard carries the 613:Combined Colour Guards (units) 575:Combined Colour Guards (units) 520:Combined Colour Guards (units) 46:needs additional citations for 1219:flag and a departmental flag ( 289:Republic of China Armed Forces 1: 1834:. Plaza Classic Film Festival 1568:"Chapter 8 Colours and flags" 1201:military of the United States 870:Two non-commissioned officers 712:A mounted French colour guard 344:Navy Honour Guard Unit Colour 341:Army Honour Guard Unit Colour 336:Flag of the Republic of China 1398:casing / uncasing the colour 1215:. Typically these include a 515:same as in the King's Colour 309:2nd 2 company guidon bearers 303:1st 2 company guidon bearers 1960:U. S. Air Force Honor Guard 1832:Plaza Classic Film Festival 955:Rear section of two escorts 597:and the regimental honours 501:Royal regiments (navy blue) 487:Colour Sergeants and Ensign 471:Colour Sergeants and Ensign 22:Color guard (flag spinning) 2026: 1701:Center of Military History 1354:3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment 1189:United States Marine Corps 918: 856:One colour sergeant/ensign 835:Detasemen Kavaleri Berkuda 791:Indonesian National Police 759: 737:Chief of the Defence Staff 283:Taiwan (Republic of China) 242:People's Republic of China 211: 18: 899:rifle, but sometimes the 733:President of the Republic 1782:. The San Antonio Report 1193:The Star-Spangled Banner 783:Pasukan Tanda Kehormatan 554:Ensign and armed escorts 510:other regimental colours 399:, who is of the rank of 365:Royal Regiment of Canada 256:People's Liberation Army 1808:. El Paso Museum of Art 1759:. CineSol Film Festival 1486:Presentation of Colours 1451:WGI World Championships 1414:United States Flag Code 1404:(by the arms bearers). 1400:, and fixing/unfixing 1061:historical relationship 1050:Armed Forces of Ukraine 961:juramentos a la bandera 877:Indonesian Marine Corps 663:Combined Colour Guards 451:Colour Sergeant of the 443:British Army (infantry) 373:Commonwealth of Nations 363:The old colours of the 355:Commonwealth of Nations 1757:Cine Sol Film Festival 1436:In film and television 1430:Girl Scouts of the USA 1385: 1370: 1357: 1196: 1162:carriers of the colour 1136: 1099:From 1949 to 1986 the 1057:Mongolian Armed Forces 1015: 921:Juramento a la Bandera 795:Municipal Police units 774: 713: 585:British Army (cavalry) 549:Royal Air Force Ensign 543: 498:regiments (Union Flag) 456: 368: 251: 209: 151:military organizations 146: 139:North Atlantic Council 1879:. My San Antonio News 1806:El Paso Museum of Art 1459:2019 El Paso Shooting 1426:Boy Scouts of America 1378: 1365: 1351: 1245:National Guard Bureau 1187: 1130: 1093:Romanian Armed Forces 1046:Turkmen Ground Forces 1006:Colour Guard of the 1005: 931:Escolta de la bandera 769: 747:Colour guards of the 711: 658:Same as King's Colour 570:same as King's Colour 562:Same as King's Colour 538:Colour guard for the 537: 450: 418:Sergeant of the Guard 362: 277:People's Armed Police 249: 192: 136: 16:Type of military unit 1160:(ensigns, literally 965:honores a la bandera 945:Ensign carrying the 809:is usually a junior 505:Royal Irish Regiment 206:battle of Austerlitz 55:improve this article 1990:Military traditions 1496:Striking the colors 1491:Trooping the Colour 1447:Bel Air High School 1339:color reverse march 1028:Soviet Armed Forces 889:full dress uniforms 841:colour guard unit. 823:chief petty officer 689:Ensigns and escorts 681:Ensigns and escorts 650:Ensigns and escorts 629:Royal Gurkha Rifles 1734:2007-06-14 at the 1674:2007-06-14 at the 1651:2007-06-14 at the 1465:Contemporary Color 1386: 1371: 1358: 1197: 1137: 1020:post-Soviet states 1016: 998:Post-Soviet states 775: 714: 544: 457: 369: 252: 210: 163:regimental colours 147: 143:Military Committee 1604:. 16 August 2017. 1570:. 23 August 2018. 1455:COVID-19 pandemic 1390: 1389: 1170:Thirty Years' War 1166:Gustavus Adolphus 401:second lieutenant 338:(National Colour) 145:SEA Day Exercise. 131: 130: 123: 105: 2017: 1995:Guards of honour 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1749: 1743: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1709: 1698: 1689: 1683: 1666: 1660: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1623: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1545:. Archived from 1539: 1533: 1532: 1512: 1344: 1343: 1213:chain of command 939:Spanish language 805:who carries the 643:King's Colour – 547:King's Colour – 460:King's Colour – 171:colour sergeants 126: 119: 115: 112: 106: 104: 63: 39: 31: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2015: 2014: 1975: 1974: 1945: 1940: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1907: 1905: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1837: 1835: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1762: 1760: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1736:Wayback Machine 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1676:Wayback Machine 1667: 1663: 1653:Wayback Machine 1644: 1640: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1613: 1609: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1481:Guard of honour 1477: 1438: 1394:presenting arms 1380: 1330: 1296:or less formal 1269: 1205:national colour 1182: 1154: 1125: 1116: 1089: 1000: 984: 923: 917: 911:rifle is used. 847: 764: 758: 745: 706: 675: 637: 587: 540:Royal Air Force 532: 530:Royal Air Force 482:Guards Division 466:Guards Division 445: 436: 427:presenting arms 397:standard-bearer 357: 285: 254:In the Chinese 244: 239: 216: 187: 127: 116: 110: 107: 64: 62: 52: 40: 29: 26:The Color Guard 17: 12: 11: 5: 2023: 2021: 2013: 2012: 2010:Police culture 2007: 2002: 2000:Flag practices 1997: 1992: 1987: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1943:External links 1941: 1938: 1937: 1915: 1890: 1867: 1845: 1819: 1793: 1770: 1744: 1721: 1684: 1661: 1638: 1618: 1607: 1593: 1573: 1559: 1534: 1527: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1476: 1473: 1437: 1434: 1416:and U.S. law. 1406:Liberation Day 1388: 1387: 1372: 1359: 1329: 1326: 1273:sergeant major 1268: 1265: 1181: 1178: 1153: 1150: 1124: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1088: 1085: 1039:Victory Banner 1012:St. Petersburg 999: 996: 983: 980: 957: 956: 953: 950: 947:Flag of Mexico 916: 913: 881: 880: 873: 872: 871: 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