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Jamaica, Brazil, and Hawaii. It can grow where there is around 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain but does better where the annual rainfall exceeds 1,700 millimetres (67 in), spread across eight months or more. Its temperature range is 23 to 28 °C (73 to 82 °F) and it grows on both light and heavy soils as long as they are deep.
386:
The nut is used in dyeing and water purification. The timber has a use in building work, boat construction, furniture and joinery, musical instruments, utensils and carving. It is also useful as firewood. The pods have been used to make fertiliser and soap, and they can be used as a substitute for up
364:
The nut has traditionally been used as a stimulant when chewed. It is reported to lessen fatigue, prevent hunger pangs, increase mental activity and reduce the need for sleep. Parts of the plant are also used in rituals such as weddings, child naming ceremonies, induction of village chiefs, funerals
273:
is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 12 to 20 metres (39 to 66 ft). The trunk is up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11.1 in) in diameter and older trees develop buttresses. The bark is thick and fibrous, with deep longitudinal fissures. It is grey or brownish-grey, with pinkish-red wood
318:
is native to Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana and
Nigeria. It is a lowland tree but can be found up to altitudes of about 300 metres (980 ft) in areas with deep, rich soils and evenly distributed rainfall. It has been cultivated in other parts of tropical Africa as well as India,
345:, which is also native to West Africa, the trees are cultivated commercially in tropical regions of the world and the nuts used in the manufacture of "cola" drinks. Other ingredients of these drinks include spice oils, other aromatic compounds (sometimes including the leaves of the tree),
278:
from the leaf axils and have no petals. Male flowers have a deeply lobed, cup-shaped calyx about 2 cm (0.8 in) in diameter with two whorls of stamens. Female flowers are larger at 5 cm (2.0 in) diameter, with five carpels. The calyx is yellow with red
274:
becoming visible when the bark is damaged. The leaves have stalks and are alternate, oblong, glabrous, leathery and tough, with untoothed wavy margins and up to 33 cm (13 in). The flowers have parts in fives. They grow in
261:
and are chewed as a stimulant and used in the manufacture of soft drinks. The nuts and other parts of the tree have many uses of a ceremonial nature and in traditional medicine. The timber has multiple uses.
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291:) of up to 13 cm (5.1 in) long and 7 cm (2.8 in) wide. When ripe, the pods split open to reveal the seeds which consist of a white
299:
which are mottled white, reddish-grey or brown. The cotyledons (the kola nut of commerce) are bitter when fresh but become more aromatic as they age.
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Inputs of
Nutrients and Pollutants to Hawaiian Coastal Waters from Submarine Groundwater Discharge
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and sacrificial ceremonies. The leaves, twigs, bark, flowers and nuts are also used in
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It is a tree native to the rainforests of tropical West Africa. Common names include
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528:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 175–182.
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Edible
Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits
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283:. The carpels develop into a fleshy star-shaped
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506:. Stanford University. p. 131.
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339:. Along with the closely related
295:covering a pair of fleshy folded
963:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:825362-1
821:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:822755-1
44:
1:
1027:Flora of West Tropical Africa
311:Cultivated trees in Malaysia
482:. World Agroforestry Centre
414:. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
383:with a high melting point.
349:for colouring, sweeteners,
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361:to provide effervescence.
231:of plant belonging to the
16:Species of flowering plant
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189:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
500:Karen Lisa Knee (2010).
446:Encyclopædia Britannica
373:is closely related to
312:
287:consisting of 5 pods (
480:Agroforestry database
310:
257:. The seeds contain
367:traditional medicine
522:Lim, T. K. (2012).
313:
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777:Open Tree of Life
551:Taxon identifiers
535:978-94-007-2534-8
391:in poultry feed.
327:The nuts contain
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387:to 60% of the
359:carbon dioxide
342:Cola acuminata
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202:(Vent.) Farw.
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200:Bichea nitida
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163:Binomial name
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1022:Cola (plant)
950:tro-50054275
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484:. Retrieved
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449:. Retrieved
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416:. Retrieved
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303:Distribution
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795:kew-2730669
699:iNaturalist
589:Cola nitida
583:Wikispecies
559:Cola nitida
471:Cola nitida
412:(kola nut)"
410:Cola nitida
371:Cola nitida
355:citric acid
333:theobromine
316:Cola nitida
271:Cola nitida
266:Description
255:bitter kola
224:Cola nitida
172:Cola nitida
84:Angiosperms
25:Cola nitida
1016:Categories
945:Plant List
790:Plant List
486:2015-01-22
451:2015-01-22
418:2015-01-22
395:References
351:phosphoric
297:cotyledons
874:Q39238210
756:111397303
381:chocolate
293:seed coat
289:follicles
236:Malvaceae
206:Cola vera
148:Species:
130:Malvaceae
54:Kingdom:
976:50054275
971:Tropicos
937:825362-1
868:Wikidata
834:30401611
829:Tropicos
730:10206270
717:822755-1
574:Q1185081
568:Wikidata
329:caffeine
276:panicles
259:caffeine
243:kola nut
191:Synonyms
126:Family:
120:Malvales
97:Eudicots
986:5863437
911:5545958
678:5406687
634:Ecocrop
347:caramel
229:species
208:K.Schum
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
983:uBio:
924:101985
885:179856
882:APDB:
808:CONI10
803:PLANTS
782:550770
743:845818
704:428194
691:101986
652:486402
613:529869
600:120923
597:APDB:
532:
357:, and
337:tannin
233:family
181:&
179:Schott
110:Rosids
898:6ZRGR
769:82457
725:IRMNG
665:COHNI
476:(PDF)
389:maize
227:is a
214:Vent.
183:Endl.
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
958:POWO
932:IPNI
919:GRIN
906:GBIF
816:POWO
764:NCBI
751:IUCN
738:ITIS
712:IPNI
686:GRIN
673:GBIF
660:EPPO
639:4755
626:WWV9
608:BOLD
530:ISBN
440:Cola
335:and
323:Uses
253:and
251:kola
247:cola
141:Cola
994:WFO
893:CoL
842:WFO
647:EoL
621:CoL
353:or
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512:^
478:.
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369:.
331:,
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245:,
238:.
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538:.
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442:"
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421:.
408:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
