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methods. The material savings becomes even more significant at larger volumes, and even more so when using expensive materials, such as copper, nickel, gold, tantalum, and palladium. The saving on raw material as a result of cold forming can be very significant, as is saving machining time.
490:. Therefore, it is sometimes more economical to cold work a less costly and weaker metal than to hot work a more expensive metal that can be heat treated, especially if precision or a fine surface finish is required as well.
552:. After the deforming force is removed from the workpiece, the workpiece springs back slightly. The amount a material springs back is equal to the yield strain (the strain at the yield point) for the material.
541:, and a final annealing to relieve residual stress and give the desired properties to the manufactured object. These extra steps would negate some of the economic advantages of cold forming over hot forming.
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Cold forming techniques are usually classified into four major groups: squeezing, bending, drawing, and shearing. They generally have the advantage of being simpler to carry out than hot working techniques.
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Production cycle times when cold working are very short. On multi-station machinery, production cycle times are even less. This can be very advantageous for large production runs.
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Depending on the material and extent of deformation, the increase in strength due to work hardening may be comparable to that of
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The need for heavier equipment and harder tools may make cold working suitable only for large volume manufacturing industry.
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The possible uses of cold forming are extremely varied, including large flat sheets, complex folded shapes, metal tubes,
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Special precautions may be needed to maintain the general shape of the workpiece during cold working, such as
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The metal is less ductile and malleable, limiting the amount of deformation that can be obtained
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The cold working process also reduces waste as compared to machining, or even eliminates with
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The metal is harder, calling for greater forces, harder tools and dies, and heavier equipment
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Any metal shaping process which occurs below its recrystallization temperature
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and inclusions to distort following the flow of the metal; which may cause
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The loss of plasticity due to work hardening may require intermediate
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is made by "cold work", cutting or grinding a formed object.
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Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003).
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Some disadvantages and problems of cold working are:
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Directional properties can be imparted into the metal
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Advantages of cold working over hot working include:
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Cold worked items suffer from a phenomenon known as
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material properties. Work hardening makes the metal
238:The following is a list of cold forming processes:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
172:, etc. The same or similar terms are used in
476:Better reproducibility and interchangeability
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187:Unlike hot working, cold working causes the
516:Metal surfaces must be clean and scale-free
624:"Cold Forming and Cold Heading Advantages"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
599:Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
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482:Contamination problems are minimized
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154:recrystallization temperature
473:Superior dimensional control
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353:Sheet metal shear-cutting
601:(9th ed.). Wiley.
230:joints, and much more.
526:May leave undesirable
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470:Better surface finish
451:Superplastic forming
326:Draw and compression
152:is shaped below its
54:improve this article
467:No heating required
441:Sheet metal drawing
226:heads and threads,
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16:(Redirected from
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643:Metalworking
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557:shot peening
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423:Tube drawing
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330:Roll forming
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146:metalworking
142:cold working
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138:cold forming
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52:Please help
47:verification
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18:Cold forming
378:Perforating
242:Squeezing:
211:, but less
197:anisotropic
174:glassmaking
162:hot rolling
158:hot working
110:August 2021
567:References
546:springback
539:annealings
521:anisotropy
459:Advantages
291:Burnishing
215:, and may
134:metallurgy
80:newspapers
433:Embossing
256:Extrusion
234:Processes
178:cut glass
637:Category
397:Trimming
388:Nibbling
383:Notching
368:Piercing
363:Blanking
358:Slitting
348:Shearing
339:Flanging
271:Riveting
209:stronger
446:Ironing
413:Drawing
406:Dinking
393:Shaving
373:Lancing
335:Seaming
313:Bending
301:Hubbing
296:Heading
286:Peening
281:Coining
276:Staking
261:Forging
251:Swaging
246:Rolling
228:riveted
213:plastic
205:stiffer
170:welding
166:forging
144:is any
94:scholar
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401:Cutoff
266:Sizing
207:, and
201:harder
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548:, or
224:screw
150:metal
101:JSTOR
87:books
603:ISBN
559:and
195:and
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140:or
132:In
56:by
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