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methods. The material savings becomes even more significant at larger volumes, and even more so when using expensive materials, such as copper, nickel, gold, tantalum, and palladium. The saving on raw material as a result of cold forming can be very significant, as is saving machining time.
479:. Therefore, it is sometimes more economical to cold work a less costly and weaker metal than to hot work a more expensive metal that can be heat treated, especially if precision or a fine surface finish is required as well.
541:. After the deforming force is removed from the workpiece, the workpiece springs back slightly. The amount a material springs back is equal to the yield strain (the strain at the yield point) for the material.
530:, and a final annealing to relieve residual stress and give the desired properties to the manufactured object. These extra steps would negate some of the economic advantages of cold forming over hot forming.
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Cold forming techniques are usually classified into four major groups: squeezing, bending, drawing, and shearing. They generally have the advantage of being simpler to carry out than hot working techniques.
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Production cycle times when cold working are very short. On multi-station machinery, production cycle times are even less. This can be very advantageous for large production runs.
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Depending on the material and extent of deformation, the increase in strength due to work hardening may be comparable to that of
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The need for heavier equipment and harder tools may make cold working suitable only for large volume manufacturing industry.
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The possible uses of cold forming are extremely varied, including large flat sheets, complex folded shapes, metal tubes,
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The metal is less ductile and malleable, limiting the amount of deformation that can be obtained
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The cold working process also reduces waste as compared to machining, or even eliminates with
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is made by "cold work", cutting or grinding a formed object.
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Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003).
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Some disadvantages and problems of cold working are:
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Directional properties can be imparted into the metal
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Advantages of cold working over hot working include:
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Cold worked items suffer from a phenomenon known as
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material properties. Work hardening makes the metal
227:The following is a list of cold forming processes:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
161:, etc. The same or similar terms are used in
465:Better reproducibility and interchangeability
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176:Unlike hot working, cold working causes the
505:Metal surfaces must be clean and scale-free
613:"Cold Forming and Cold Heading Advantages"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
588:Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
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143:recrystallization temperature
462:Superior dimensional control
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342:Sheet metal shear-cutting
590:(9th ed.). Wiley.
219:joints, and much more.
515:May leave undesirable
508:May leave undesirable
459:Better surface finish
440:Superplastic forming
315:Draw and compression
141:is shaped below its
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456:No heating required
430:Sheet metal drawing
215:heads and threads,
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32:This article
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632:Metalworking
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546:shot peening
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412:Tube drawing
407:Wire drawing
319:Roll forming
311:Roll bending
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135:metalworking
131:cold working
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127:cold forming
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
367:Perforating
231:Squeezing:
200:, but less
186:anisotropic
163:glassmaking
151:hot rolling
147:hot working
99:August 2021
556:References
535:springback
528:annealings
510:anisotropy
448:Advantages
280:Burnishing
204:, and may
123:metallurgy
69:newspapers
422:Embossing
245:Extrusion
223:Processes
167:cut glass
626:Category
386:Trimming
377:Nibbling
372:Notching
357:Piercing
352:Blanking
347:Slitting
337:Shearing
328:Flanging
260:Riveting
198:stronger
435:Ironing
402:Drawing
395:Dinking
382:Shaving
362:Lancing
324:Seaming
302:Bending
290:Hubbing
285:Heading
275:Peening
270:Coining
265:Staking
250:Forging
240:Swaging
235:Rolling
217:riveted
202:plastic
194:stiffer
159:welding
155:forging
133:is any
83:scholar
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390:Cutoff
255:Sizing
196:, and
190:harder
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537:, or
213:screw
139:metal
90:JSTOR
76:books
592:ISBN
548:and
184:and
62:news
129:or
121:In
45:by
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