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Coleridge's theory of life

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372:...first, that two forces should be conceived which counteract each other by their essential nature; not only not in consequence of the accidental direction of each, but as prior to all direction, nay, as the primary forces from which the conditions of all possible directions are derivative and deducible: secondly, that these forces should be assumed to be both alike infinite, both alike indestructible... this one power with its two inherent indestructible yet counteracting forces, and the results or generations to which their inter-penetration gives existence, in the living principle and the process of our own self-consciousness. 604:
every calculus and of every diagram in the algebra and geometry of a scientific physiology. Accordingly, we shall recognise the same forms under other names; but at each return more specific and intense; and the whole process repeated with ascending gradations of reality, exempli gratiâ: Time + space = motion; Tm + space = line + breadth = depth; depth + motion = force; Lf + Bf = Df; LDf + BDf = attraction + repulsion = gravitation; and so on, even till they pass into outward phenomena, and form the intermediate link between productive powers and fixed products in light, heat, and electricity.
185:, life existed on the side of the matter, not mind; and for the physical sciences, the method that had been so productive for revealing the secrets of inert nature should be equally productive in examining vital nature. The initial attempt to seek the cause and principle of life in the matter was challenged by John Hunter, who held that the principle of life was not to be found nor confined within matter, but existed independently of matter itself, and informed or animated it, that is, he implied, it was the unifying or antecedent cause of the things or what 516:, that is the creation of specific, individual units of things. At the same time, given the dynamic polarity of the world, there must always be an equal and opposite tendency, in this case, that of connection. So, a given of our experience is that man is both an individual, tending in each life and in history generally to greater and greater individualization, and a social creature seeking interaction and connection. It is the dynamic interplay between the individuation and connecting forces that leads to higher and higher individuation. 521:
power in the magnet…. Again, if the tendency be at once to individuate and to connect, to detach, but so as either to retain or to reproduce attachment, the individuation itself must be a tendency to the ultimate production of the highest and most comprehensive individuality. This must be the one great end of Nature, her ultimate object, or by whatever other word we may designate that something which bears to a final cause the same relation that Nature herself bears to the Supreme Intelligence.
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uncounteracted and alone, is tantamount to infinite, dimensionless diffusion, and this again to infinite weakness; viz., to space. Conceive attraction alone, and as an infinite contraction, its product amounts to the absolute point, viz., to time. Conceive the synthesis of both, and you have matter as a fluxional antecedent, which, in the very act of formation, passes into body by its gravity, and yet in all bodies it still remains as their mass...
599:, with its product - motion. The interplay of both gives us either a line or a circle, and then there are different degrees possible within a given form or “predominance” of forces. Geometry is not conceivable except as the dynamic interplay of space (periphery) and time (point). Space, time and motion are also geometrically represented by width, length (breadth) and depth. And this correspondence is repeated throughout the scale of Life. 642:, 'left to itself' as Bacon stated, was capable of apprehending only the outer forms of nature (natura naturata) and not the inmost, living functions (natura naturans) giving rise to these forms. Thus, effects can only be 'explained' in terms of other effects, not causes. It takes a different capacity to 'see' these living functions, which is an imaginative activity. For Coleridge, there is an innate, primitive or 'primary' 561:. Consequently, this conception is necessary. Now this tertium aliquid can be no other than an inter-penetration of the counteracting powers, partaking of both... Consequently, the 'constituent powers', that have given rise to a body, may then reappear in it as its function: "a Power, acting in and by its Product or Representative to a predetermined purpose is a Function...the first product of its 25: 629:
of good services....I turn to a work by the eminent French physiologist, Bichat, where I find this definition: Life is the sum of all the functions by which death is resisted....that is, that life consists in being able to live!...as if four more inveterate abstractions could be brought together than the words life, death, function, and resistance.
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By an easy logic, each of the two divisions has been made to define the others by a mere assertion of their assumed contrariety. The theorist has explained Y+X by informing us that it is the opposite of Y-X: and if we ask, what then is Y-X, we are told that it is the opposite of Y+X! A reciprocation
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We have been thus full and express on this subject, because these simple ideas of time, space, and motion, of length, breadth, and depth, are not only the simplest and universal, but the necessary symbols of all philosophic construction. They will be found the primary factors and elementary forms of
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By Life I everywhere mean the true Idea of Life,… the tendency to individuation… cannot be conceived without the opposite tendency to connect, even as the centrifugal power supposes the centripetal, or as the two opposite poles constitute each other, and are the constituent acts of one and the same
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This dynamic polar essence of nature in all its functions and manifestations is a universal law in the order of the law of gravity and other physical laws of inert nature. And, critically, this dynamic polarity of constituent powers of life at all levels is not outside or above nature, but is within
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Life, that is, the essential polarity in unity (multeity in unity) in Coleridge’s sense also has a four beat cycle, different from the arid dialectics of abstraction - namely the tension of the polar forces themselves, the charge of their synthesis, the discharge of their product (indifference) and
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in all its levels and degrees, is not teleological but a function of the very nature of the law of polarity or creation itself, namely that of increasing individuation of an original unity, what Coleridge termed 'multeity in unity'. As he states, "without assigning to nature as nature, a conscious
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and gravity not because they are like life, but because they offer a way of understanding powers, forces and energies, which lie at the heart of life. And using these analogies, Coleridge seeks to demonstrate that life is not a material force, but a product of relations amongst forces. Life is not
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The counteraction then of the two assumed forces does not depend on their meeting from opposite directions; the power which acts in them is indestructible; it is therefore inexhaustibly re-ebullient; and as something must be the result of these two forces, both alike infinite, and both alike
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This productive or generative power of life exists in all manifestations of life. These manifestations are the finite product of the dynamic interaction of infinite and non-destructible forces, but the forces are not extinguished in the product - they take on a different role, namely that of
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is driven by a dynamic polarity of forces that is both inherent in the world as potential and acting inherently in all manifestations. This polarity is the very dynamic that acts throughout all of nature, including into the more particular form of 'life biological', as well as of mind and
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If we pass to the construction of matter, we find it as the product, or tertium aliquid, of antagonist powers of repulsion and attraction. Remove these powers, and the conception of matter vanishes into space—conceive repulsion only, and you have the same result. For infinite repulsion,
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and awareness and then rationally presentable, requires a higher level, what he termed 'secondary imagination', which is able to connect with the thing being experienced, penetrate to its essence in terms of the living dynamics upholding its outer form, and then present the
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Naked and helpless cometh man into the world. Such has been the complaint from eldest time; but we complain of our chief privilege, our ornament, and the connate mark of our sovereignty. Porphyrigeniti summus! …Henceforth he is referred to himself, delivered up to his own
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But as little can we conceive the oneness, except as the mid-point producing itself on each side; that is, manifesting itself on two opposite poles. Thus, from identity we derive duality, and from both together we obtain polarity, synthesis, indifference, predominance.
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were a response to the general failure of the application of the method of inertial science to reveal the foundational laws and operant principles of vital nature. German romantic science and medicine sought to understand the nature of the life principle identified by
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an untenable concept. It was this that Romanticism challenged, seeking instead to find an approach to the essence of nature as being also vital not simply inert, through a systematic method involving not just physics, but physiology (living functions). For Coleridge,
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For Coleridge the power of life lies in every seed as a potential to be unfolded as a result of interaction with the environment (heat, light, air, moisture, etc.), an insight which allowed him to see in the Brunonian system a dynamic polarity in excitation theory.
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The first product of its energy is the thing itself… Still, however, its productive energy is not exhausted in this product, but overflows, or is effluent, as the specific forces, properties, faculties, of the product. It reappears, in short, as the function of the
569:. Still, however, its productive energy is not exhausted in this product, but overflows, or is effluent, as the specific forces, properties, faculties, of the product. It reappears, in short, as the function of the body...The vital functions are consequents of the 717:, operating through forces of attraction and repulsion), up to man, with his law of resonance in terms of his innate desire to be himself (force of individuation) and to also connect with like-minded (force of connection), as Goethe expressed in his novel 496:'s ideas) creates a force for organization that unifies, and is most intense and powerful in that which is most complex and most individual - the self-regulating, enlightened, developed individual mind. But at the same time, this process of life increases 287:
The name of Coleridge is one of the few English names of our time which are likely to be oftener pronounced, and to become symbolical of more important things, in proportion as the inward workings of the age manifest themselves more and more in outward
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To make it adequate, we must substitute the idea of positive production for that of rest, or mere neutralization. To the fancy alone it is the null-point, or zero, but to the reason it is the punctum saliens, and the power itself in its eminence.
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expresses it in more modern terms "In nature, nothing remains constant…everything comes from other things and gives rise to other things. This principle is…at the foundation of the possibility of our understanding nature in a rational way."
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Coleridge's challenge was to describe something that was dynamic neither in mystical terms not materialistic ones, but via analogy, drawing from the examples of inertial science. As one writer explains, he uses the examples of electricity,
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The tendency having been ascertained, what is its most general law? I answer—polarity, or the essential dualism of Nature, arising out of its productive unity, and still tending to reaffirm it, either as equilibrium, indifference, or
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What Coleridge was after was definitely not animism or naive vitalism based on vital substance, or mechanical philosophy based on material substance. He was trying to find a general law...that explicates its self-regulating internal
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of a process of creation leading to greater mind and consciousness, that is, a creative capacity of imagination. Instead of being a creature of circumstance, man is the creator of them, or at least has that potential.
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This reduction of the question of life to matter, and the corollary, that the method of the inertial sciences was the way to understand the very phenomenon of life, that is, its very nature and essence as a power
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the resting state of this new form (predominance). The product is not a neutralization, but a new form of the essential forces, these forces remaining within, though now as the functions of the form.
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powers of the mind. Thus, he is not talking about an isolated, individual subjective mind, but about the evolution of a higher level of consciousness and thought at the core of the process of life.
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Perry, Fellow and Tutor Balliol College Lecturer English Faculty Seamus; Glasgow), Seamus (Lecturer in English Literature Perry, Lecturer in English Literature University of; Perry, Seamus (1999).
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Coleridge also saw that there was a progressive movement through time and space of life or the law of polarity, from the level of physics (space and time) and the mineral or inert nature (law of
334:, but derived from a unity which is itself a power, not an abstract or nominal concept, that is Life, and this polar nature of forces within the power of Life is the very law or 'Idea' (in the 330:
The matter was not a 'datum' or thing in and of itself, but rather a product or effect, and for Coleridge, looking at life in its broadest sense, it was the product of a polarity of forces and
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occurred because the original polarity of creation, the very 'Law of Creation', itself gives birth to subsequent polarities, as each pole is itself a unity that can be further polarized (what
741:' and what at the biological level constitutes physiology), an insight that would later be taken up by the concept of emergent evolution, including the emergence of mind and consciousness. 753:, is what we mean by the word, nature, when we speak of the same as an agent, is essentially one (that is, of one kind) with the intelligence, which is in the human mind above nature." 304:
or "the productive power suspended and, as it were, quenched in the product" Until this was addressed, according to Coleridge, "we have not yet attained to a science of nature."
611:, then, is the product of the dynamic forces - repulsion (centrifugal), and attraction (centripetal); it is not itself a productive power. It is also the mass of a given body. 761:
but for the confidence which we place in the assertions of our reason and our conscience, we could have no certainty of the reality and actual outness of the material world.
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indestructible; and as rest or neutralization cannot be this result; no other conception is possible, but that the product must be a tertium aliquid, or finite
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or abstract. Thus, the polarity results in manifestations that are real, as the opposite powers are not contradictory, but counteracting and inter-penetrating.
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been customary to call a law." And as law, "we derive from it a progressive insight into the necessity and generation of the phenomena of which it is the law."
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or creative, that is, living, and the former ideal. Thus, the mathematical approach that works so well with inert nature, is not suitable for vital nature.
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view which is essentially reduced to defining life as that which is the opposite of not-life, or that which resists death, that is, that which is life.
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And that this is so, is also an intimate and shared experience of all humans, as is set out in Reid's Common Sense philosophy. As Coleridge states
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capacity involved what Coleridge termed the 'inmost sense' or what Goethe termed the GemĂĽt. It also involved the reactivation of the old Greek
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view that life was a 'somewhat' outside of things, such that the things themselves lost any real existence, a stream coming through Hume and
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is one of a kind with the human mind, itself creative, then there must be a correspondence or connection between the mind and the things we
1768: 377: 35: 46: 251:'. For the Romantics, life is independent of and antecedent to nature, but also infused and suspended in nature, not apart from it, As 738: 442: 552:
functions. Thus, the very nature of the “given” is contained in its manifestations such that the whole is contained in all the parts.
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And as Coleridge explained, 'this antecedent unity, or cause and principle of each union, it has since the time of
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In its productive power, of which the product is the only measure, consists its incompatibility with mathematical
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It is these functions that provided the bridge being sought by Romantic science and medicine, in particular by
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physics, with its conquest of inert nature, both of which focused the mind's gaze on things or objects. For
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While man contains and is subject to the various laws of nature, man as a self-conscious being is also the
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as and within its natural law, and further, using reason, develop the various principles of its operation.
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And in that sense Coleridge re-phrases the question "What is Life?" to "What is not Life that really is?"
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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and did not explain life itself as a principle or power that lay behind the material manifestations,
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a Power, acting in and by its Product or Representative to a predetermined purpose is a Function…
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This dynamic polarity that is Life is expressed at different levels. At its most basic it is
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that results in increasing complexity and individuation. This spiral, upward movement (cf.
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had developed a philosophy and science supported by formidable twin pillars: the first the
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That nature evolves towards a purpose, and that is the unfolding of the human mind and
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purpose" we must still "distinguish her agency from a blind and lifeless mechanism."
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and needed to be grounded in qualitative analysis ('-ologies') (as was the case with
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acknowledged, along with others since who have studied the history of Romanticism.
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itself can beget life only dealt with the various changes in the arrangement of
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And this polarity is dynamic, that is real, though not visible, and not simply
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that configures invisibly sense-experience into perception, but a rational
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from the verb 'to see') dynamic polarities, or natural Laws, the dynamic
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For Coleridge, as for many of his romantic contemporaries, the idea that
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Male, Roy R. Jr (1954). "The Background of Coleridge's Theory of Life".
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A Counter-history of Composition: Toward Methodologies of Complexity
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Hints towards the Formation of a more Comprehensive Theory of Life
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capacity, and the ability to 'see' or produce the theory (Greek
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Coleridge's was the dominant mind on many issues involving the
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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The problem for Coleridge and the Romantics was that the
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Coleridge's understanding of life is contrasted with the
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Thus, then, Life itself is not a thing—a self-subsistent
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And the direction of this motion is towards increasing
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and static, but dynamic process of self-regulation and
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At the same time, the Romantics had to deal with the
1205:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 142–144. 1901: 1867: 1792: 1735: 1632: 1533: 1505: 1424: 1354: 678:(foundational) entities that Plato termed 'Ideas' ( 573:, and presuppose the Organs, as the Functionaries. 1099:Hints Towards a More Comprehensive Theory of Life 453:and the dynamic excitation theory of life of the 247:, eventuating scientifically in the doctrine of ' 1774:Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement 469:approach to natural science, but a dynamic one. 413:, between the inertial science of inert nature ( 315:, and, thus, not 'occult' as was the case with 530:Coleridge makes a further distinction between 457:system. He sought a path that was neither the 1323: 1261: 1259: 923:"Two Metaphors In Coleridge's Theory of Life" 8: 880:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 128:, as well as Röschlaub's development of the 727:) as well as in his own life's experience. 567:ipsa se posuit et iam facta est ens positum 1496:Introduction to the Tale of the Dark Ladie 1330: 1316: 1308: 897:The University of Texas Studies in English 154:, and the first dynamic conception of the 417:) and the vital science of vital nature ( 323:notion, essence or motivating principle ( 65:Learn how and when to remove this message 1194: 1192: 1190: 810: 982: 955:Causality and Chance in Modern Physics 873: 84:to understand not just inert or still 1134: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 177:split of mind and matter, the second 7: 1769:The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem 1041:Collected Works of John Stuart Mill 818:Levere, Trevor H. (June 28, 1990). 749:, which in the sensible world, or n 112:as distinct from matter itself via 857:Coleridge and the Uses of Division 346:For Coleridge, the essence of the 140:), working also with Schelling's 14: 1456:Monody on the Death of Chatterton 1139:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1834). 1096:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1848). 1415: 960:University of Pennsylvania Press 952:Bohm, David (25 February 1971). 449:), as well as the physiology of 342:Life as polarity/function/motion 23: 1837:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 1387:Person on business from Porlock 307:This productive power is above 1779:This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison 1435:The Destruction of the Bastile 799:Superseded scientific theories 526:Creative life and vital nature 1: 1560:Lines Written at Shurton Bars 1145:. Leavitt, Lord & Company 132:system of John Brown, in his 1553:Lines on an Autumnal Evening 1484:The Ballad of the Dark LadiĂ© 820:"Coleridge and the Sciences" 693:, and the creative power of 429:Coleridge was influenced by 411:Brunonian system of medicine 279:and science in his time, as 130:Brunonian system of medicine 650:, that is, one raised into 571:Vis Vitae Principium Vitale 534:and life, the latter being 380:—but an act and process... 1999: 1470:Pain: Composed in Sickness 1392:Coleridge's theory of life 271:Coleridge’s theory of life 114:Johan Friedrich Blumenbach 78:Coleridge's theory of life 1927:Christabel Rose Coleridge 1581:Poems on Various Subjects 1574:Ode on the Departing Year 1413: 1345: 1112:coleridge theory of life. 1010:Wesleyan University Press 745:the productive power, or 1933:Ernest Hartley Coleridge 1851:Time, Real And Imaginary 989:: CS1 maint: location ( 737:later termed 'orgonomic 461:tendency of the earlier 425:Romanticism and vitalism 103:in the realm of art and 1983:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1953:(nephew and son-in-law) 1567:On Receiving an Account 1515:The Fall of Robespierre 1407:Suspension of disbelief 1339:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1296:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1281:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1266:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1248:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1233:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1179:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1164:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1081:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1063:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1023:Barfield, Owen (1971). 1004:Barfield, Owen (1971). 82:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1951:Henry Nelson Coleridge 1546:The Destiny of Nations 1298:What Coleridge Thought 1283:What Coleridge Thought 1268:What Coleridge Thought 1250:What Coleridge Thought 1235:What Coleridge Thought 1181:What Coleridge Thought 1166:What Coleridge Thought 1083:What Coleridge Thought 1065:What Coleridge Thought 1025:What Coleridge Thought 1006:What Coleridge Thought 465:nor the materialistic 45:by rewriting it in an 1784:To William Wordsworth 1402:Romantic epistemology 1012:. p. 44, note 7. 794:Romantic epistemology 565:is the thing itself: 241:, and in particular, 216:quantitative analysis 1880:Biographia Literaria 1844:The Devil's Thoughts 1199:Hawk, Byron (2007). 1142:Biographia Literaria 338:sense) of Creation. 183:Cartesian philosophy 138:Erregbarkeit theorie 1823:Hymn Before Sunrise 1477:Songs of the Pixies 1102:. 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Middletown, CT: 705:Life and evolution 634:Cognition and life 490:Emergent evolution 189:philosophy termed 47:encyclopedic style 34:is written like a 1960: 1959: 1939:Herbert Coleridge 1921:Hartley Coleridge 1915:Derwent Coleridge 1858:The Knight's Tomb 1764:Frost at Midnight 1759:Fears in Solitude 1749:Dejection: An Ode 1595:Religious Musings 933:. 17 October 2013 867:978-0-19-818397-6 431:German philosophy 407:Andreas Röschlaub 171:The Enlightenment 136:of life (German: 134:excitation theory 122:Romantic medicine 105:Romantic medicine 80:is an attempt by 75: 74: 67: 1990: 1869:Biographical and 1726:To Lord Stanhope 1588:Sibylline Leaves 1520:Remorse (Osorio) 1419: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1309: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1254: 1253: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1196: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1136: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1078: 1069: 1068: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1035: 1029: 1028: 1020: 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272: 269: 226:'s approach). 167: 164: 146:, the work of 73: 72: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1995: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1866: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1734: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1540: 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Index

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
nature
science
romanticists
Romantic medicine
John Hunter
Johan Friedrich Blumenbach
Romantic medicine
Brunonian system of medicine
Naturphilosophie
Goethe
morphology
physiology
Richard Saumarez
The Enlightenment
Cartesian
Newtonian
Cartesian philosophy
Aristotelean
natura naturata
natura naturans
human freedom
quantitative analysis
anti-realist
Goethe
idealistic

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