Collections management - Knowledge (XXG)

825:, or selection criteria policy, in which it is outlined what purpose the collection serves, and the types of objects that are considered most relevant. The collection policy lays out the scope of the collection and its relevance to the institution's mission statement by serving as "a broad description of the collections and an explanation of how and what the museum collects and how those collections are used." The scope of the collection as laid on it in this policy serves to define if, when, and how a cultural institution chooses to accession or deaccession objects from its collection. Additionally, as different types of collections require unique care protocols, the collection policy also details the categories associated with the collection such as library or archive, education or research, permanent, and exhibit. The collection policy might also address conflicts of interest for employees who hold personal collections that are similar to those of the institution within which they are employed. 1125: 31: 932: 611:

professional standards regarding the items left in its care and serves as a guide for the staff". Since institutions are often faced with questions that deal with what objects they should acquire, how to handle removing or loaning items in the collection, or standards of care for items; it is imperative to have a well-written policy that can help prevent possible issues on the institution's end. Prevention is the best approach when dealing with operations and objects in the collection, therefore the policy is an important document that can be looked at almost like boundaries set in place to help insure that the museum stays true to its mission while also providing the best care for the collection.

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minimize damages or loss to the collection. The plan should outline protocols for how to handle a disaster, starting with the chain of command within the emergency response team, as well as the individual responsibilities of each member of the staff. The emergency response team will include a managing official responsible for notifying other members of the team of a disaster and overseeing the implementation of the emergency response tasks. These staff members are typically trained in proper collection handling protocols. The disaster preparedness and emergency response plan should also include detailed instructions explaining how each type of disaster should be handled including the initial

386: 1061:: Contaminants can take a variety of forms such as gases, liquids, or solids, and they can pose threats not only to a collection, but also to those individuals that come in close contact with the pollutants. To ensure the safety of personnel and objects, it is necessary for a collection management policy to specify the proper methods for documenting and researching objects that are a risk for bringing contaminants into the collection, as well as explaining what precautions must be taken to prevent accidental contamination as the result of human error or the chemical breakdown of collection objects. Contaminated objects may show signs of disintegration, discoloration, or corrosion. 506:

management functions as the primary focus of collections management, and covers a wide range of documentation and policy standards. Topics covered under the umbrella of records management include collection information management systems, collections accession and deaccession policies, collection management policies, cataloging, and curation. The lack of appropriate record-keeping systems in museums compromises the security of museum collections and threatens the role of museums as information centers. Planned and systematized management of records improves programs and activities in museums, thereby leading to effective governance and operation of the museum.

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adhere to collections management and collections care standards and practices, which serve to create a safe environment for collection objects with clear and precise accompanying documentation. Where collections care addresses the physical actions necessary to prevent or delay damages of cultural heritage, collection management can be defined as "a process of information gathering, communication, coordination, policy formulation, evaluation, and planning." These processes influence decisions about records management and the collections management policy, which outlines protocols for the collection scope, collections care, and emergency planning and response.

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natural history collections, the catalog entry for an object or specimen also contains the scientific values and research information about the physical object, making maintenance of a catalog entry imperative for future research and education. Most modern collectors and institutions utilize CMS to streamline the catalog process. For this to be effective, data entry standards must be utilized for data structure, data values, and data content, which then "form the basis for a set of tools that can lead to good descriptive cataloguing, consistent documentation, shared records, and increased end-user access."

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collection-holding individuals or institutions. Loans can occur for a variety of reasons and for policy purposes loans may be defined as: stationary or traveling exhibition loans, exchange loans, study loans, promised gifts, fractional-interest gifts (a "donor's remaining interest in a partial gift"), and long-term loans. The policies for loans may also be applied to acquisitions during the processing period, unsolicited objects until a return can be arranged, and collection objects or those objects found, abandoned, or unclaimed, in which ownership is unclear.

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standards for the routine care and handling, as well as the packing and transporting, of collection objects. It is extremely important to ensure that staff are aware of and educated on standard practices for handling objects such as hand washing protocols, the appropriate use of cotton or latex gloves, established practices for identifying structural weaknesses that may require special care, and the accepted modes of transportation of objects within the holding-institution (i.e. flatbeds, carts, tote pans, pads, and tissue papers).

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information is provided to explain the specific needs of the collection based on type, age, location, etc. Collection management policies are specific to the collection-holding institution and these policies lay out terms such as which personnel are responsible for individual tasks involving the collection, if and when an object should be acquired for or removed from the collection, who within the institution has access to the collection, and the preventive care needs of each object within the collection.

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ensuring compliance with local and national legislation. A sustainability action plan is used to identify unsustainable practices, outline a target goal and completion timeframe, and assign responsibilities. Sustainability policies and sustainability action plans consider sustainability through the lens of; economic resource use, when considering cost-benefit of collection storage, staffing, procurement, maintenance and waste processes; social capital, when ensuring representational parity through

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handling, vandalism, climate changes, overexposure to light, and pests. A collections management policy carefully examines the preventive conservation needs of the individual objects within the collection, in order to provide practices and standards for how to mitigate threats, as well as the proper procedures for addressing issues as they arise. Sub-topics within this section may include display and storage housing, packing and transport, and integrated pest management.

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policy, collectors and institutions must lay out acquisition terms to ensure only relevant objects are successfully accessioned into the collection. This portion of the policy discusses: who within the institution is authorized to make decisions on whether an object is acquired or not, under what legal terms the object is to be acquired (i.e. documentation proving legal purchase, import and export restrictions, and intellectual property rights), and

274: 59: 1014:: There is some flexibility allowed when addressing temperature, as it is impossible to control external weather. However, policy standards should aim to set temperature ranges that are optimized for the type of objects being preserved, the collector's or institution's energy and financial restrictions, as well as human comfort levels within both exhibit galleries and storage facilities. 795: 854:

considered for removal, as well as the individuals with the authority to approve the process. Additionally, this section lays out the legal restrictions associated with removal of the object, and the types of disposal that are appropriate based on the reason for the deaccession. There are many reasons that an object may be removed from a collection including:

1124: 424:: This feature includes fields for object identification purposes such as permanent identification numbers, object name, artist or creator name, object description, dimensions, object components and materials, condition, provenance, exhibition and preservation history, current location, and an image of the object. 602:

technical obsolescence and data loss due to mismanagement, performing routine audits of technical software and digital catalogs to ensure data remains uncorrupted, applying authorization standards to protect data from unauthorized alterations, and managing content for the purposes of research and exhibition.

598:(i.e. cataloged in digital form, while still maintaining the original physical/analog form). Digital curation, like content curation, also involves the development and design of exhibitions based on objects within the collection, which in this case, often involves website maintenance for online exhibits. 1213:

Created in conjunction with the collection management policy, most collecting institutions will also possess a disaster preparedness and emergency response policy that outlines what procedures should be taken to prevent injury or loss of life for all personnel and building visitors, as well as how to

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to ensure proper creation and installation. Stands, shelves, drawers, and cases, in addition to fasteners, adhesives, papers, and foams, must all be chosen based on their compatibility with the structural design and materials of each individual object. The collections management policy should outline

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for the collection based on the region in which the collection is located, including fires, earthquakes, criminal activity, or flooding, in addition to damages from repairs, building failure, improper collections care, and neglect. To inform risk management plans, a significance assessment and a risk

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A collection management policy lays the foundation for how an institution handles situations pertaining to their collection. It can be defined as "a detailed written statement that explains why an institution is in operation and how it goes about its business. The policy articulates the institution's

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The collection management aspect of IPM involves creating and implementing policies for the routine inspection of objects and housing facilities, authorized trapping procedures, and documentation of all inspections or trapping programs utilized within the facility. These policies are called cultural

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as perceived by the human eye- that need to be addressed within collections management and care. The effects of visual light exposure is cumulative, but visual light is necessary to view and safely handle objects within a collection, which means that standards should be established to limit time and

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When objects are held within a collection, either in storage or on display in an exhibit, the primary concern should be on the continued safety of the collection. To accomplish this, the collector or holding-institution must take into consideration proper housing containers, as well as environmental

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According to the Smithsonian Institution, a record is "any official, recorded information, regardless of medium or characteristics which are created, received, and maintained" by an individual collector or institution. As every object within a collection must have accompanying documentation, records

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is defined as the use, development and protection of resources to meet both current and future generation needs. Collection sustainability policies are collection or institution specific, as they balance the collections economic and social context against the collections environmental impact, while

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object's destination." During the packing and transport process, it is likely that several departments within the shipping institution may contribute, and collaboration with the receiving institution must be arranged to provide policies for acclimatization and unpacking of the object once received.

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Collections care can be defined as the physical preventive care measures taken to prevent damage or delay the natural deterioration of cultural heritage collection objects. These practices strive to provide enhanced safety for collections by minimizing damages from external sources such as improper

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agreement information if the object is to be stored within an offsite facility. The accessioning section of the collection policy might also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the collection by examining the history of the collection as a whole. This in turn allows the collector or institution

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collect materials related to that nation or published in that nation's territory, academic libraries generally collect materials used in teaching and research at the institution which they serve and public libraries collect materials which are expected to satisfy demands from the public they serve.

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in mind, it is important that it is included in the policy. A mission statement addresses the museum's focus in terms of its purpose and its roles and responsibilities to the public and collections. This statement is what helps determine everything the museum does and should be referenced to on a

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Cataloging is an important aspect of collections management as it provides the individual records associated with each object within a collection. Should an object be lost or destroyed, the catalog entry can be utilized as a permanent record of the object and its data. For some collections, such as

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Objects within a collection should ideally, be handled as little as possible since every time they are handled, they are at an increased risk of damage. Proper display and storage housing will help to mitigate some of the risks of accidental damage, but it is important to create and implement high

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In addition to the mission statement, policies typically include a section that outlines the scope of the collection. This is a useful part of the policy that "reviews the history of the collection; considers its strengths, weaknesses, and current uses; and states what the museum does and does not

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Sometimes a collector or institution will have a need to move objects outside of exhibit and storage locations. The collection management policy, which discusses the proper procedures for loans and acquisitions, must therefore also address proper packing and transport protocols to ensure that the

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Within the collections care section of a collections management policy, there is typically a section dedicated to integrated pest management (IPM). This section covers the policies related to the prevention and suppression methods of various types of pests typically found within collections. IPM

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Cultural property collections require a great deal of care and protection in order to ensure their safety from external loss or damage, but they also require in-depth documentation to assist in tracking the life of the object within the holding institution. To accommodate these needs, collectors

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that provides protection from shock, vibration, sudden climate changes, and mishandling. Collection management policies will advise staff on how best to address issues such as "the object's fragility, the shipping method, the climate through which the objects will travel, and the climate at the

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Whether born-digital or digitized, many modern collections contain some form of digital collection content which must be maintained in much the same way as physical objects. Preservation of digital assets involves the creation of metadata to improve accessibility and object tracking, preventing

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Within the collections scope section of a collections management policy, there is typically an area dedicated to discussing the procedures for loan approval and acceptance, associated acquisition fees, required documentation, specific insurance requirements, and monitoring instructions for the

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Deaccessioning is the opposite of accessioning and involves the permanent removal of an object and all associated records from a collector's or institution's collection. Like the accession portion of the collection policy, the deaccession section lays out the terms under which an object may be

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Accessioning can be defined as "the process of creating a permanent record of an object, assemblage, or lot received from one source at one time for which the has custody, right, or title, and assigning a unique control number to said object, assembly, or lot." As part of the collection scope

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or database. This process involves assigning unique identification numbers to individual objects within a collection, and attaching relevant accompanying documentation to the item such as curatorial worksheets, photographs, condition assessments, and accession and/or deaccession information. A

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while also raising awareness and appreciation thereof. Intangible cultural heritage includes "the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases,

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The primary focus of collections management is to document the standards and practices necessary to develop, care for, and make available for use, the collection objects within a collector or institution's care. To accomplish this, a collections management policy is created in which detailed

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Collectors and collecting institutions sometimes transfer objects to or from their collections for temporary periods of time as part of loan or temporary custody agreements. These loans help share and disseminate information to different communities and can prove mutually beneficial to both

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temporary holdings. This section may also include information about old loans and works with restrictions governing if and when they are allowed to leave the holding-institution. The loan policy should address both incoming and outgoing loans with thoroughly explained written procedures.

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In addition to general care standards, a collection management policy is also governed by the local and international legal restrictions placed on certain cultural heritage objects and the management needs associated with them. There are countless laws on the books that specify how

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It is up to security designers, architects and analysts to balance security controls against risks, taking into account the costs of specifying, developing, testing, implementing, using, managing, monitoring and maintaining the controls, along with broader issues such as

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focuses on utilizing non-pesticide prevention and treatment techniques in order to minimize health risks for personnel as well as damages to the collection itself. Examples of types of pests that should be addressed include "insects, mold, mice, rats, birds, and bats."

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Collection management systems (CMS) are software programs designed to aid in the archiving and cataloging of objects in a collection. Within libraries, archives, and museums. Although every CMS program is unique, there are several features that are considered standard:

361:, while also ensuring the long-term safety and sustainability of the cultural objects within the collector's care. Collections management, which consists primarily of the administrative responsibilities associated with collection development, is closely related to 787: 970:

is vital in ensuring objects remain undamaged while stationary. This includes accounting for padding and support of the objects to prevent damage from bumps and snags, and stable display cases or mounts, which often requires collaboration with a

799:, (Paris, 14 November 1970): an international agreement to oppose the practices of illicit importing, exporting, and transferring of ownership of cultural property in order to better preserve the cultural property of the countries of the world. 1051:

intensity levels of visual light exposure, without risking visitor or staff safety. UV light, on the other hand, is not necessary for viewing or handling of collections, and as such should be eliminated as much as possible through the use of

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Documentation showing the careful monitoring of plants placed around the outside of the building, with special attention paid to the proximity of live plants and mulch to the building, in addition to banning live and dried plants within the

791:, (adopted 14 May 1954): an international treaty focused on protecting cultural heritage such as architectural monuments, archaeological locations, works of art, and any objects deemed to have artistic, historic, or scientific significance. 1075:

objects arrive at their destination safely. To ensure safe transport, safe handling techniques must be combined with individual packing requirements for the specific object being shipped. Ideally, the object will be packaged in a

3852: 476:: The multimedia feature is a function that allows digital materials such as image, video, and audio content associated with an object to be attached to the object record. This feature typically allows the input of associated 448:: This feature is used for tracking information about incoming and outgoing loans to include lender name and contact information, special requirements, shipping instructions, associated insurance policies, and loan history. 1007:. It is impossible to completely prevent natural deterioration of objects, but by carefully monitoring and implementing policies regarding environmental conditions, the effects of these conditions can be greatly reduced. 959:

conditions necessary to prevent damages. The collections management policy for the collection should contain sections in which display and storage housing needs for the objects are addressed in full. Consultation with a

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catalog is meant to serve as a systematic written or digital record of every object within a collection, and should at the very least, include an object description that will allow for easy identification of an object.

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Donated materials may be subject to less rigorous criteria and electronic materials are usually selected from large collections of serials and databases which may contain a mixture of appropriate and inappropriate

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controls, and the physical techniques utilized as part of the collections care are known as mechanical controls. Specific cultural controls that may be documented within the collections management policy include:

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to include accepting donations and bequests of money, purchasing museum objects and collections, making exchanges of museum objects or collections, and accepting and making loans of museum objects or collections.

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The condition of the object has deteriorated or been damaged to such an extent that the collection-holder cannot implement restoration repairs, or the object now poses a health risk for institution personnel.

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of a library, archive or museum collection is a statement of the institution's priorities as they apply to the acquisition of new materials. Collections policies guide the process of collection development.

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Collections management focuses heavily on planning and response standards, and lays out these practices in documents detailing how staff responsible for the care of a collection should address the various

568:. Curation involves the development and design of exhibitions, typically based on objects within the collection, as well as the in-depth research and writing of materials associated with the collection. 659:

and maintain all works, so a policy or set of criteria is required for selecting which should be acquired. Generally collections policy is related to the mission or purpose of the library: for example

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can be defined as the collecting, organizing, preserving, and displaying of information about a specific object or collection topic. The role of curating is performed by individuals known as

4387: 3821: 3294: 470:: The copyright feature allows the institution to input relevant intellectual property restrictions for the objects in order to prevent illegal distribution or reproduction of the object. 3680: 564:, who, in many cases, are trained as subject specialists. Curators conduct research on objects, offer guidance in the organization of a collection, and select objects to be utilized in 3907: 3917: 3806: 773: 454:: This feature includes condition assessments performed on objects, and the name of the inspector and date of inspection. This section also includes conservation reports detailing 3842: 442:: This feature addresses the removal of an object from a collection and includes information such as the date of deaccessioning, method of disposal used, and reason for removal. 432:: This feature includes fields relevant to the donor and purchase history for the object such as date of acquisition, donor or seller name and contact information, the assigned 4382: 4057: 3867: 3781: 864:

The institution no longer possess the means to maintain the object in an adequate environment due to financial or budgeting concerns, loss of personnel, lack of equipment, etc.

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pieces must be handled and maintained to ensure their physical safety as well as the ethical considerations that these unique collection objects must address.

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Mecklenburg, Marion F.; Charles S. Tumosa (April 1999). "Temperature and Relative Humidity Effects on the Mechanical and Chemical Stability of Collections".

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Standards for the inspection of all new materials to be brought into collection areas including new acquisitions and loans, and storage or packing materials.

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regular basis to ensure that decisions are still in line with the museum's original goal. Museum mission statements should adhere to the standards of the

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and response, evacuation procedures where appropriate, damage mitigation plans, salvage priorities, and post-damage inventories and recovery procedures.

68: 992:(e.g. Ethafoam); containers made of paper, plastic, wood, or metal; enclosures such as folders or mats; and standards for frames, supports, and mounts. 707:. Acquisition of materials can be less costly than the processing (sorting, cataloguing, etc.) and long-term storage costs of many materials, and even 4042: 3987: 3967: 3399: 2148: 931: 4047: 3897: 3872: 3837: 3299: 2181: 703:

As well as setting priorities for purchasing materials, collections policies also serve as a guide when libraries are offered gifts of materials or

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The collection-holder is in a position in which deaccessioning an object will improve the quality of care and function of the remaining collection.

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assets associated with digitized collections. Digital assets include both those items that originated in a digital form and are considered

896: 2351:"Dollars and Sense: Integrating Significance Assessment, Risk Assessment and Cost/Benefit Analysis in Conservation Management Planning" 3484: 3175: 2895: 2309: 1331: 1024:

or sudden dramatic shifts in relative humidity, can be harmful to almost all cultural heritage materials and may cause issues such as

944: 919: 433: 113: 266: 2889: 1585: 752: 4214: 3504: 2959: 2769:"Integrating Preventive Conservation into a Collections Move and Rehousing Project at the National Museum of the American Indian" 1417: 389:

Jean-Nickolaus Tretter collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies staff with the Outfront Minnesota Collection.

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Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property

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Glaser, Jane R.; Zenetou, Artemis A. (1996). "6: Museum professional positions: qualifications, duties, and responsibilities".

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Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property

685: 500: 365:, which is the physical preservation of cultural heritage. The professionals most influenced by collections management include 50: 1020:: Like temperature, RH standards, also allow for some fluctuations, although policies should take into account that excessive 38:. Creating documentation of collections and providing safe storage conditions are important aspects of collections management. 3389: 1263: 821:

Written as a subsection of the overarching collection management policy, most collectors and cultural institutions utilize a

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for the collection. A risk management plan or risk mitigation strategy is the section of the policy identifying potential

403: 357:. The primary goal of collections management is to meet the needs of the individual collector or collecting institution's 1720: 4092: 3665: 3439: 3354: 3339: 2144: 1549: 1306: 808: 624: 125: 35: 2605:

Erhardt, David; Charles S. Tumosa; Marion F. Mecklenburg (2007). "Applying Science to the Question of Museum Climate".

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The object has been deemed a fake or forgery, or not authentic and no longer relevant to the overall collection.

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The institution already possesses similar objects within the collection, which causes an unnecessary redundancy.

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Digital curation is an extension of content curation, and involves the collecting, preserving, and archiving of

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The main environmental conditions that require outlined protocols in the collections management policy include

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The object has been deemed no longer relevant to the collection-holder's mission or permanent collection scope.

486:: This feature allows for increased accuracy and efficiency, and streamlines location and inventory management. 455: 436:, purchase price, condition assessment at the time of arrival, and seller or donor restrictions, if applicable. 1626: 1256: 1110:

Defined practices for daily collections maintenance and general housekeeping of collection-holding facilities.

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housing specifications such as the use of acid-free (pH neutral) and dye-free materials; types of enclosed

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to set guidelines for improving, growing, and developing the collection in a way that is of most benefit.

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Policies for standard collections care including relative humidity, and storage and housing guidelines.

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Kaplan, Emily; Leslie Williamson; Rachel Perkins Arenstein; Angela Yvarra McGrew; Mark Feitl (2005).

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and environmentally safer alternatives to conservation chemicals, packaging and transport materials.

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Restrictions on areas within the building where food, drinks, and smoking are allowed and prohibited.

960: 428: 129: 87: 4361: 4224: 4124: 3705: 3622: 3597: 3587: 3494: 3419: 3309: 3279: 3249: 2282: 2211: 1694: 1359: 1351: 1326: 1291: 1281: 1157: 704: 672: 652: 644: 531: 519: 496: 407: 209: 105: 91: 3035: 3014:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 360–361. 2581:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 287–292. 2553:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 307–310. 2528:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 295–296. 4402: 4219: 3562: 3459: 3454: 3314: 2822: 2788: 2476: 2427: 2378: 1935: 1860:"Collections Policy Statements and Supplementary Guidelines - Acquisitions (Library of Congress)" 1076: 822: 541: 523: 411: 370: 366: 354: 133: 2742: 1797:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 24–29. 2851: 2714: 777:, (25 USC 3001–13): identifies ownership and control rights for Native American cultural items. 4204: 3720: 3404: 3344: 3334: 3224: 3193: 3015: 2990: 2939: 2885: 2582: 2554: 2529: 2468: 2419: 2370: 2329: 2255: 2227: 2087: 2047: 2007: 1836: 1798: 1606: 1581: 1528: 1503: 1437: 1363: 1215: 1171: 1153: 1000: 967: 761:, (16 USC, Sect. 18 ): explains the responsibilities and actions that may be performed by the 619: 358: 322: 163: 2254:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. p. 120. 4199: 4109: 3791: 3429: 2879: 2780: 2458: 2409: 2362: 1759: 1669: 1605:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. p. 13. 1458: 1140: 660: 591: 577: 557: 362: 326: 227: 189: 181: 17: 3060: 1527:(5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press, American Association of Museums. p. 2. 4259: 4169: 4144: 4134: 4129: 3725: 3640: 3612: 3384: 1161: 1052: 743: 696: 656: 648: 527: 255: 243: 239: 205: 117: 3110: 1181:

detect intrusions and monitor/record intruders (e.g. intruder alarms and CCTV systems) =

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Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

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Process of overseeing a collection, including acquisition, curation, and deaccessioning

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Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "6C: Emergency Preparedness Planning".

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Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "2A: Collection Management Policies".

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Southward, Jude; Thorwald, Heather; Muething, Garnet; Waller, Robert (2013-03-01).

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Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

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An institutions's policy may also look to include a history of the institution.

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Cataloging is the process of entering informational data about an object into a

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Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "1A: History of Registration".

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trigger appropriate incident responses (e.g. by security guards and police) =

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Physical security systems for protected facilities are generally intended to:

565: 515: 334: 2472: 2423: 2374: 807:, (Paris, 17 October 2003): an international agreement designed to safeguard 678:

Collection policy statement of the B. Davis Schwartz Memorial Library at the

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25 U.S. Code Chapter 32 - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation

1128: 1025: 977: 595: 374: 346: 167: 2447:"Collections Risk Assessment at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science" 1764: 935:

Insect specimen storage drawers in Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Poland.

4194: 4154: 4149: 3695: 3519: 2620: 1021: 561: 477: 350: 338: 159: 151: 2113:

Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003

980:

where available; appropriate coverings such as fabrics (e.g. unbleached

747:, June 8, 1906 ("The Antiquities Act") (16 USC 431–433): authorizes the 3582: 3264: 1878:"Collection Policy Statement of the B. Davis Schwartz Memorial Library" 1662:

Oclc Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives

1601:

Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "1B: Collection Roles".

1311: 692: 342: 231: 2577:

Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "5G: Preventive Care".

2398:"Storage and conservation of geological collections—a research agenda" 774:

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990(NAGPRA)

3474: 3464: 1358:(2 ed.). Chicago, IL: The American Library Association. p. 981: 907: 903: 732: 643:

Even the largest, best funded and most famous libraries (such as the

2813:

Richard, Mervin, Marion F. Mecklenburg, and Ross M. Merrill (1997).

738:

Examples of local laws within the United States of America include:

2741:

Ontario Ministry of Culture, Heritage and Libraries Branch (2005),

804:

Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

3509: 3414: 2549:

Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "5J: Preparation".

1634: 1286: 1123: 1047: 930: 918: 618:

Given that almost every decision a museum makes is done with its

3274: 989: 147: 3197: 1386:

Museum Collection Management Systems: One Size Does NOT Fit All

1055:

in order to prevent damage such as yellowing or disintegration.

3115:

Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material

3090:

Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material

3065:

Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material

2524:

Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "5H: Storage".

1238:; and environmental impact, when emphasizing waste reduction, 911:

assessment or a collection condition assessment is conducted.

3036:"State of Oregon: State facilities and land - Sustainability" 2273: 2271: 1937:

Appendix A: Mandates and Standards for NPS Museum Collections

2250:

Buck, Rebecca A.; Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). "3L: Loans".

3290:

Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property

1352:"1: Introduction to Collection Management and Development" 812:

individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage."

3295:

Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property

3681:

Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment

2915:. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. 1818: 1205:, health and safety, and societal norms or conventions. 325:, as well as objects of contemporary culture (including 34:

Volunteers sort and catalog a library collection at the

4329:

Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

1459:"Beyond regress: museum records management in Zimbabwe" 321:

involves the development, storage, and preservation of

3086:"Sustainable Collections - 05 - Access and Engagement" 1748:"Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline" 1356:

Fundamentals of Collection Development and Management

2881:

Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems

1967:

16 U.S. Code § 18f - Management of museum properties

4278: 4091: 3820: 3764: 3631: 3533: 3235: 2674:Michalski, Stefan (1997). "The Lighting Decision". 2931: 2773:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 1463:Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 711:gifts to libraries usually have associated costs. 4388:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage 4334:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty 3470:Mold control and prevention (library and archive) 3285:Conservation and restoration of cultural property 1578:Museums: A Place to Work, Planning Museum Careers 1094:Mold control and prevention (library and archive) 4357:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies 4347:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence 4311:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's 1131:personnel move a damaged antique plane from the 963:may be necessary to fully address these topics. 744:Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities 4352:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative 4324:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin 2965:Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums 1170:deter potential intruders (e.g. warning signs, 781:Examples of international legislation include: 4288:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum 3445:Integrated pest management (cultural property) 1551:Cataloging Cultural Objects: Executive Summary 1090:Integrated pest management (cultural property) 3209: 1752:The International Journal of Digital Curation 299: 8: 2827:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2715:"Chapter 6: Handling, Packing, and Shipping" 2669: 2667: 2396:Baars, Christian; Horak, Jana (2018-05-04). 4383:Preservation (library and archival science) 3061:"Sustainable Collections - 03 - Resourcing" 2859:Museum Handbook, Part I: Museum Collections 2842: 2840: 2838: 2722:Museum Handbook, Part I: Museum Collections 2705: 2703: 2290:Museum Handbook, Part I: Museum Collections 2213:LUMA Acquisition and Deacquisition Policies 1914:"Digital Library SunSITE Collection Policy" 1580:. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 80–81. 3853:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera 3216: 3202: 3194: 2600: 2598: 2572: 2570: 2245: 2243: 2150:Developing a Collections Management Policy 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 306: 292: 57: 41: 3400:Disaster preparedness (cultural property) 3111:"Sustainable Collections - 02 - Greening" 2462: 2413: 1763: 3300:Conservation science (cultural property) 2884:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1–11. 2744:Museum Notes #6: Handling Museum Objects 2402:Journal of the Institute of Conservation 2182:University of Alaska Museum of the North 1896:"Home - National Library of New Zealand" 1668:(4). Emerald Group Publishing: 335–340. 1245:Sample sustainability policies include: 759:Museum Properties Management Act of 1955 688:(integrated digital and physical policy) 384: 29: 2912:Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security 1342: 763:United States secretary of the interior 691:Collection and preservation policy for 49: 2988: 2820: 2817:. Washington: National Gallery of Art. 2327: 2225: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2108:United Nations Educational, Scientific 2085: 2068:United Nations Educational, Scientific 2045: 2028:United Nations Educational, Scientific 2005: 1501: 1478: 1476: 1435: 878:Loans and temporary custody of objects 3157:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2315:Risk Management and Disaster Planning 1758:(2). University of Edinburgh: 78–88. 1548:Visual Resources Association (2006), 923:The visual storage facilities at the 671:Collections policy statements of the 667:Sample collections policies include: 7: 2852:"Chapter 5: Biological Infestations" 2609:. National Museum of Denmark: 11–18. 2909:"Chapter 2: The Systems Approach". 897:Risk management (cultural property) 458:treatments performed on the object. 3485:Preservation (library and archive) 3176:American Museum of Natural History 2678:. Canadian Conservation Institute. 2310:American Museum of Natural History 1484:American Museum of Natural History 1332:Preservation (library and archive) 1249:Sustainability action plan of the 945:Preservation (library and archive) 452:Condition and conservation reports 25: 4339:Conservation-restoration of the 4215:Indigenous intellectual property 2960:International Council of Museums 2919:from the original on 2013-09-21. 2898:from the original on 2013-09-21. 2283:"Chapter 10: Emergency Planning" 2110:; Cultural Organization (2003), 2070:; Cultural Organization (n.d.), 2030:; Cultural Organization (n.d.), 1418:Smithsonian Institution Archives 1392:, pp. 25–27, archived from 1383:Carpinone, Elana C. (May 2010), 1042:: There are two types of light- 718:Legal and ethical considerations 273: 272: 3450:Inventory (library and archive) 3350:Cultural property documentation 2495:Canadian Conservation Institute 2208:Loyola University Museum of Art 1135:during disaster recovery after 686:National Library of New Zealand 501:Inventory (library and archive) 51:Library and information science 3848:Bone, horn, and antler objects 3390:Digital photograph restoration 1819:"American Alliance of Museums" 1719:Erway, Ricky (November 2010), 1032:growth, cracking, warping, or 749:president of the United States 398:Collections management systems 214:Science and technology studies 1: 4033:South Asian household shrines 3731:Reconstruction (architecture) 3661:Cultural property radiography 3618:Registrar (cultural property) 3370:Cultural resources management 3330:Collections management system 2499:"Ten Agents of Deterioration" 2415:10.1080/19455224.2018.1463921 2367:10.1080/10344233.2020.1724691 2349:Rowson, Claire (2019-07-03). 2187:Acquisitions and Accessioning 1916:. 4 June 2009. Archived from 1880:. 6 July 2009. Archived from 1835:For attempts to do this, see 1262:Sustainability Policy of the 1255:Sustainability policy of the 606:Collections management policy 404:Collections management system 4302:Conservation-restoration of 4293:Conservation-restoration of 3666:Detachment of wall paintings 3440:Intangible cultural heritage 3355:Cultural property exhibition 3340:Cultural heritage management 2145:American Alliance of Museums 1823:American Alliance of Museums 1699:"Preserving Digital Culture" 1307:Cultural heritage management 1268:Environmental Policy of the 809:intangible cultural heritage 625:American Alliance of Museums 36:National Library of Cambodia 18:Collection management policy 3746:Transfer of panel paintings 3012:Museum Registration Methods 2579:Museum Registration Methods 2551:Museum Registration Methods 2526:Museum Registration Methods 2252:Museum Registration Methods 2156:, p. 4, archived from 1988:Legal Information Institute 1962:Legal Information Institute 1795:Museum Registration Methods 1627:"What is Digital Curation?" 1603:Museum Registration Methods 1525:Museum Registration Methods 966:In terms of housing, solid 954:Display and storage housing 4419: 4210:Heritage language learning 3480:Optical media preservation 2878:Garcia, Mary Lynn (2007). 2785:10.1179/019713605806082293 2464:10.1177/155019061300900107 1457:Chaterera, Forget (2014). 1257:Museum of Contemporary Art 1174:and perimeter markings) = 1151: 1087: 1084:Integrated pest management 938: 925:Victoria and Albert Museum 894: 846: 684:Collections policy of the 575: 513: 494: 401: 4250:Oral history preservation 3365:Cultural property storage 3360:Cultural property imaging 1674:10.1108/10650750710831466 1656:Yakel, Elizabeth (2007). 655:) cannot acquire, house, 4297:by Elías García Martínez 3515:Sustainable preservation 1297:Conservation-restoration 456:conservation-restoration 178:Interdisciplinary fields 4255:Preservation of meaning 4240:Language revitalization 3908:Illuminated manuscripts 3686:Historic paint analysis 3578:Conservation technician 3380:Deaccessioning (museum) 3320:Collections maintenance 3245:Agents of deterioration 2930:Anderson, Ross (2001). 2815:Art in Transit Handbook 1746:Higgins, Sarah (2011). 1722:Defining "Born Digital" 1631:Digital Curation Centre 1350:Johnson, Peggy (2009). 1270:National History Museum 1133:Lone Star Flight Museum 941:Collections maintenance 915:Preventive conservation 4265:Tradition preservation 3918:Iron and steel objects 3807:Outdoor bronze objects 3751:UVC-based preservation 3608:Photograph conservator 3573:Conservation scientist 3325:Collections management 3255:Archaeological science 1322:Disaster recovery plan 1240:life cycle assessments 1190:emergency preparedness 1144: 936: 928: 680:Long Island University 390: 319:Collections management 122:Information management 110:Collections management 39: 4270:Traditional knowledge 4235:Language preservation 3843:Ancient Greek pottery 3741:Textile stabilization 3603:Paintings conservator 3490:Preservation metadata 3375:Database preservation 3229:historic preservation 3138:National Park Service 2848:National Park Service 2711:National Park Service 2694:conservation-wiki.com 2643:conservation-wiki.com 2625:conservation-wiki.com 2279:National Park Service 1932:National Park Service 1765:10.2218/ijdc.v6i2.191 1222:Sustainability policy 1143:, September 21, 2008. 1127: 1066:Packing and transport 934: 922: 767:National Park Service 594:items that have been 484:QR Codes or Bar Codes 388: 198:Documentation science 186:Communication studies 33: 4058:Time-based media art 3868:Copper-based objects 3782:Archaeological sites 3711:Mass deacidification 3656:Cradling (paintings) 3568:Conservator-restorer 3395:Digital preservation 3161:"Collections Manual" 2995:: CS1 maint: year ( 2934:Security Engineering 2607:Museum Microclimates 2334:: CS1 maint: year ( 2232:: CS1 maint: year ( 2092:: CS1 maint: year ( 2052:: CS1 maint: year ( 2012:: CS1 maint: year ( 1637:on February 18, 2009 1508:: CS1 maint: year ( 1442:: CS1 maint: year ( 1317:Digital preservation 1302:Conservator-restorer 1264:Science Museum Group 1232:community engagement 1209:Emergency management 961:conservator-restorer 675:(organised by field) 130:Knowledge management 4362:World Heritage Site 4225:Indigenous language 4125:Endangered language 4023:Shipwreck artifacts 4003:Photographic plates 3953:Musical instruments 3706:Lining of paintings 3623:Textile conservator 3598:Objects conservator 3588:Exhibition designer 3495:Preservation survey 3420:Found in collection 3310:Collection (museum) 3280:Calendar (archives) 3250:Archival processing 3109:Lelyveld, Mary Jo. 3059:Lelyveld, Mary Jo. 2505:on October 16, 2013 1695:Library of Congress 1327:Object conservation 1292:Collection (museum) 1282:Archives management 1158:Security management 927:in London, England. 673:Library of Congress 653:Stanford University 645:Library of Congress 532:Calendar (archives) 520:Archival processing 497:Inventory (museums) 408:Archives management 367:collection managers 355:private collections 210:Information science 106:Archives management 45:Part of a series on 4398:Museum collections 4220:Indigenous culture 3563:Collection manager 3460:Media preservation 3455:Inventory (museum) 3315:Collection catalog 1900:www.natlib.govt.nz 1658:"Digital curation" 1423:Records Management 1145: 1077:shipping container 937: 929: 823:collections policy 817:Collections policy 753:national monuments 661:national libraries 637:selection criteria 633:collections policy 542:collection catalog 524:Collection catalog 412:Library management 391: 134:Library management 40: 4370: 4369: 4319:Pompeian frescoes 4205:Heritage language 4095:cultural heritage 3883:Flags and banners 3828:cultural property 3792:Heritage railways 3772:cultural property 3721:Paleo-inspiration 3405:Film preservation 3345:Cultural property 3335:Cultural heritage 3225:Cultural heritage 3142:"Conserv O Grams" 3021:978-0-8389-1122-8 2945:978-0-471-38922-4 2588:978-0-8389-1122-8 2560:978-0-8389-1122-8 2535:978-0-8389-1122-8 2261:978-0-8389-1122-8 2163:on March 19, 2015 1837:Universal library 1804:978-0-8389-1122-8 1612:978-0-8389-1122-8 1534:978-0-8389-1122-8 1369:978-0-8389-0972-0 1251:Australian Museum 1216:threat assessment 1172:security lighting 1154:Physical security 1018:Relative humidity 1003:(RH), light, and 1001:relative humidity 968:structural design 620:mission statement 359:mission statement 323:cultural property 316: 315: 16:(Redirected from 4410: 4393:Collections care 4306:by Thomas Eakins 4304:The Gross Clinic 4200:Folklore studies 4110:Applied folklore 4083:Wooden furniture 4078:Wooden artifacts 4073:Woodblock prints 4053:Tibetan thangkas 3913:Insect specimens 3802:Outdoor artworks 3797:Historic gardens 3430:Heritage science 3218: 3211: 3204: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3032: 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Archived from 2491: 2485: 2484: 2466: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2417: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2333: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2287: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2247: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2184:(May 14, 2009), 2178: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2141: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1942: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1856: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1790: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1727: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1633:. Archived from 1623: 1617: 1616: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1554:, archived from 1545: 1539: 1538: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1507: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1404: 1398: 1391: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1347: 1234:and advocacy of 1141:Galveston, Texas 1046:(UV) and visual 990:closed-cell foam 631:collect" . The 578:Digital curation 572:Digital curation 434:accession number 363:collections care 327:contemporary art 308: 301: 294: 281: 276: 275: 190:Computer science 182:Archival science 61: 42: 21: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4313:The Last Supper 4280: 4274: 4260:Primitive music 4170:Folk instrument 4145:Family folklore 4135:Ethnomusicology 4130:Ethnochoreology 4097: 4094: 4087: 4008:Plastic objects 3993:Performance art 3978:Panel paintings 3973:Painting frames 3938:Leather objects 3858:Ceramic objects 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824:and restoration 3823: 3816: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3768:and restoration 3767: 3760: 3726:Paper splitting 3641:Aging (artwork) 3633: 3627: 3613:Preservationist 3535: 3529: 3385:Digital library 3237: 3231: 3222: 3184: 3182: 3174: 3165: 3163: 3155: 3146: 3144: 3136: 3133: 3128: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3094: 3092: 3084:Coleman, Paul. 3083: 3082: 3078: 3069: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3009: 3008: 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1920:on 4 June 2009. 1912: 1911: 1907: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1884:on 6 July 2009. 1876: 1875: 1871: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1792: 1791: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1613: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1561: 1559: 1558:on June 8, 2014 1547: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1500: 1494: 1492: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1389: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1278: 1224: 1211: 1183:risk mitigation 1176:risk prevention 1164: 1162:Security policy 1152:Main articles: 1150: 1148:Security policy 1096: 1088:Main articles: 1086: 1068: 956: 947: 939:Main articles: 917: 899: 893: 891:Risk assessment 880: 851: 845: 831: 819: 720: 697:digital library 649:British Library 608: 580: 574: 555: 538: 528:Library catalog 514:Main articles: 512: 503: 495:Main articles: 493: 414: 402:Main articles: 400: 383: 312: 271: 259: 258: 225: 217: 216: 206:Library science 179: 171: 170: 145: 137: 136: 118:Data management 103: 95: 94: 85: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4416: 4414: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4375: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4284: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4245:Living history 4242: 4237: 4232: 4230:Language death 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4165:Folk etymology 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4115:Dance notation 4112: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4028:Silver objects 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 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August 2023. 2612: 2594: 2587: 2566: 2559: 2541: 2534: 2516: 2486: 2437: 2408:(2): 154–168. 2388: 2361:(2): 100–109. 2355:AICCM Bulletin 2341: 2301: 2267: 2260: 2239: 2199: 2173: 2125: 2099: 2059: 2019: 1979: 1953: 1923: 1905: 1887: 1869: 1851: 1841: 1828: 1810: 1803: 1778: 1738: 1711: 1686: 1648: 1618: 1611: 1593: 1586: 1568: 1540: 1533: 1515: 1472: 1449: 1409: 1399:on May 2, 2014 1375: 1368: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1253: 1227:Sustainability 1223: 1220: 1210: 1207: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1149: 1146: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1085: 1082: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1056: 1037: 1015: 988:sheeting, and 955: 952: 916: 913: 895:Main article: 892: 889: 879: 876: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 849:Deaccessioning 847:Main article: 844: 843:Deaccessioning 841: 830: 827: 818: 815: 814: 813: 800: 792: 779: 778: 770: 756: 731:findings, and 729:archaeological 719: 716: 701: 700: 689: 682: 676: 607: 604: 576:Main article: 573: 570: 554: 551: 511: 508: 492: 489: 488: 487: 481: 471: 465: 459: 449: 443: 437: 425: 399: 396: 382: 379: 314: 313: 311: 310: 303: 296: 288: 285: 284: 283: 282: 269: 261: 260: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 104: 101: 100: 97: 96: 86: 83: 82: 79: 78: 77: 76: 71: 63: 62: 54: 53: 47: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4415: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4175:Folk medicine 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:Ancient music 4103: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4038:Stained glass 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4018:Road vehicles 4016: 4014: 4013:Rail vehicles 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3963:New media art 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3923:Ivory objects 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3903:Human remains 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3893:Glass objects 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3770:of immovable 3763: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3671:Desmet method 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536:and expertise 3532: 3526: 3525:Web archiving 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435:Inherent vice 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 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Preprints 2670: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2342: 2337: 2331: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2291: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2159: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2089: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2009: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1943:, p. A:1 1939: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1742: 1739: 1724: 1723: 1715: 1712: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1649: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1587:0-415-12256-2 1583: 1579: 1572: 1569: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1395: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1137:Hurricane Ike 1134: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1034:embrittlement 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 969: 964: 962: 953: 951: 946: 942: 933: 926: 921: 914: 912: 909: 905: 898: 890: 888: 884: 877: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 856: 855: 850: 842: 840: 837: 828: 826: 824: 816: 810: 806: 805: 801: 798: 797: 793: 790: 789: 784: 783: 782: 776: 775: 771: 768: 764: 760: 757: 754: 750: 746: 745: 741: 740: 739: 736: 734: 730: 726: 717: 715: 712: 710: 706: 698: 694: 690: 687: 683: 681: 677: 674: 670: 669: 668: 665: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 638: 634: 628: 626: 621: 616: 612: 605: 603: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 571: 569: 567: 563: 559: 552: 550: 546: 543: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 509: 507: 502: 498: 490: 485: 482: 479: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 431: 430: 426: 423: 420: 419: 418: 413: 409: 405: 397: 395: 387: 380: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 309: 304: 302: 297: 295: 290: 289: 287: 286: 280: 270: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 221: 220: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 175: 174: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 141: 140: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 99: 98: 93: 89: 81: 80: 75: 72: 70: 67: 66: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 44: 43: 37: 32: 19: 4340: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4185:Folk process 4140:Ethnopoetics 4098:preservation 3958:Neon objects 3831:by item type 3822:Conservation 3775:by item type 3766:Conservation 3716:Overpainting 3676:Display case 3505:Repatriation 3324: 3183:. 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Wiley. 2864:April 28, 2823:cite book 2798:April 28, 2793:109698928 2753:April 28, 2727:April 28, 2509:April 28, 2481:134321786 2473:1550-1906 2432:194990590 2424:1945-5224 2383:216600246 2375:1034-4233 2321:April 28, 2295:April 28, 2219:April 23, 2193:April 23, 2167:April 23, 2119:April 26, 2079:April 26, 2039:April 26, 1999:April 26, 1973:April 26, 1947:April 26, 1849:materials 1771:April 27, 1732:April 26, 1704:April 26, 1679:April 26, 1641:April 26, 1562:April 26, 1495:April 26, 1429:April 22, 1403:April 22, 1129:U.S. Navy 1117:building. 1026:corrosion 978:cabinetry 657:catalogue 596:digitized 468:Copyright 347:libraries 339:documents 168:Knowledge 164:Artefacts 160:Documents 88:Libraries 84:Histories 4281:projects 4195:Foodways 4155:Folk art 4150:Folklore 4048:Textiles 3898:Herbaria 3873:Feathers 3838:Aircraft 3696:Kintsugi 3520:Treasure 3178:(2005). 3159:(n.d.). 3140:(n.d.). 2991:citation 2962:(n.d.), 2917:Archived 2896:Archived 2850:(1998), 2713:(1999), 2660:: 69–74. 2497:(2013). 2330:citation 2312:(n.d.), 2281:(2000), 2228:citation 2210:(n.d.), 2147:(2012), 2088:citation 2048:citation 2008:citation 1990:(n.d.), 1964:(2012), 1934:(2000), 1504:citation 1486:(n.d.), 1438:citation 1420:(n.d.), 1276:See also 1022:moisture 562:curators 558:Curation 553:Curation 478:metadata 462:Security 351:archives 279:Category 232:Archival 228:Academic 152:Metadata 144:Curation 74:Glossary 4279:Notable 3983:Papyrus 3928:Judaica 3787:Frescos 3632:Methods 3583:Curator 3265:Archive 2621:"Crack" 1469:: 1–17. 1312:Curator 1053:filters 908:hazards 904:hazards 693:SunSITE 584:digital 343:museums 256:Special 244:Private 69:Outline 3948:Metals 3863:Clocks 3475:Museum 3465:Midden 3236:Topics 3018: 2942: 2888: 2791: 2585: 2557: 2532: 2479: 2471: 2430: 2422: 2381: 2373: 2258: 1801: 1609: 1584: 1531: 1366: 1160:, and 982:muslin 733:ethnic 647:, the 592:analog 534:, and 410:, and 373:, and 337:, and 277: 252:School 248:Public 240:Health 3534:Roles 3510:Ruins 3415:Fonds 2976:(PDF) 2969:(PDF) 2855:(PDF) 2789:S2CID 2748:(PDF) 2718:(PDF) 2477:S2CID 2428:S2CID 2379:S2CID 2286:(PDF) 2161:(PDF) 2154:(PDF) 1941:(PDF) 1726:(PDF) 1397:(PDF) 1390:(PDF) 1287:Fonds 1185:; and 1048:light 1040:Light 446:Loans 341:) in 236:Legal 224:Areas 102:Focus 3878:Film 3275:Book 3227:and 3187:2012 3168:2014 3149:2014 3016:ISBN 2997:link 2984:2014 2940:ISBN 2886:ISBN 2866:2014 2829:link 2800:2014 2755:2014 2729:2014 2583:ISBN 2555:ISBN 2530:ISBN 2511:2014 2469:ISSN 2420:ISSN 2371:ISSN 2336:link 2323:2014 2297:2014 2256:ISBN 2234:link 2221:2014 2195:2014 2169:2014 2121:2014 2094:link 2081:2014 2054:link 2041:2014 2014:link 2001:2014 1975:2014 1949:2014 1799:ISBN 1773:2014 1734:2014 1706:2014 1681:2014 1643:2014 1607:ISBN 1582:ISBN 1564:2014 1529:ISBN 1510:link 1497:2014 1444:link 1431:2014 1405:2014 1364:ISBN 1092:and 1030:mold 943:and 786:The 709:free 651:and 499:and 353:and 148:Data 128:) - 116:) - 2781:doi 2459:doi 2410:doi 2363:doi 1760:doi 1670:doi 1139:in 984:), 635:or 4379:: 3113:. 3088:. 3063:. 3038:. 2993:}} 2989:{{ 2894:. 2857:, 2837:^ 2825:}} 2821:{{ 2787:. 2777:44 2775:. 2771:. 2720:, 2702:^ 2692:. 2666:^ 2641:. 2623:. 2597:^ 2569:^ 2475:. 2467:. 2453:. 2449:. 2426:. 2418:. 2406:41 2404:. 2400:. 2377:. 2369:. 2359:40 2357:. 2353:. 2332:}} 2328:{{ 2288:, 2270:^ 2242:^ 2230:}} 2226:{{ 2128:^ 2090:}} 2086:{{ 2050:}} 2046:{{ 2010:}} 2006:{{ 1898:. 1862:. 1821:. 1781:^ 1754:. 1750:. 1697:. 1666:23 1664:. 1660:. 1629:. 1506:}} 1502:{{ 1475:^ 1467:47 1465:. 1461:. 1440:}} 1436:{{ 1362:. 1354:. 1201:, 1156:, 1028:, 999:, 727:, 627:. 530:, 526:, 522:, 518:, 406:, 377:. 369:, 349:, 345:, 333:, 329:, 254:- 250:- 246:- 242:- 238:- 234:- 230:- 212:- 208:- 204:- 200:- 196:- 192:- 188:- 184:- 166:- 162:- 158:- 154:- 150:- 132:- 120:- 108:- 90:- 3217:e 3210:t 3203:v 3189:. 3170:. 3151:. 3123:. 3098:. 3073:. 3048:. 3024:. 2999:) 2948:. 2831:) 2802:. 2783:: 2591:. 2563:. 2538:. 2513:. 2483:. 2461:: 2455:9 2434:. 2412:: 2385:. 2365:: 2338:) 2264:. 2236:) 2096:) 2056:) 2016:) 1902:. 1866:. 1839:. 1825:. 1807:. 1775:. 1762:: 1756:6 1708:. 1683:. 1672:: 1645:. 1615:. 1590:. 1537:. 1512:) 1446:) 1372:. 1360:2 1192:. 1178:; 1036:. 699:) 695:( 480:. 307:e 300:t 293:v 124:( 112:( 20:)

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