304:
3526:
1317:
4176:
356:
As the majority of
Singaporeans live in such housing environments, which have families coming from various linguistic, racial and ethnic backgrounds, there is a tendency for different languages to be mixed in order to facilitate more effective communication between the different races. In short, it
1253:
Since
English is the main working and educational language of Singapore, many Chinese Singaporeans are more familiar with the English professional terminology (technical terms) used at work, rather than that of Mandarin. This led to many Chinese Singaporeans tending to mix large numbers of English
295:. Furthermore, most non-Chinese Singaporeans are also generally able to understand or speak Singdarin due to many of its phrases and words being widely used in common parlance throughout Singapore, including words which were initially not of Mandarin origin but subsequently adopted into Singdarin.
325:
equivalent, Singdarin evolved because many
Singaporean Chinese families come from mixed language environments. For instance, children may be raised in households in which one parent speaks English or Malay while the other speaks Chinese or coming for other Chinese dialects, such as Hokkien or
364:
This and the tendency for the
Singaporean Chinese people to use the mixed language that they use at home in daily colloquial conversation has since influenced the Mandarin spoken in schools, resulting in "Singdarin" being formed. It was in this environment that Singdarin developed.
1254:
professional terms into
Mandarin at work, instead of using Chinese technical terms. As such, a form of Singdarin spoken at work appears, resulting in some degree of communication barrier at work between the Chinese Singaporeans and the Chinese from China or Taiwan.
348:
of
Chinese, Malays, Indians and other different ethnicities who speak different languages. This is believed to reduce differences between the diverse linguistic and ethnic groups in Singapore, and to ensure
340:
Therefore, instead of letting certain ethnic groups to live in isolated communities like they did in the past, the
Singapore government encourages the majority of Singaporeans that live in state
329:
Singdarin has also evolved largely because
Singapore is a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society. One of the most important policies of the Singaporean government is to foster
307:
It is believed that
Singadrin, like Singlish, further developed due to the government's policy of high density public housing of Singaporeans of different ethnic groups living together.
3651:
1733:
3534:
303:
272:
regions. However, such campaigns have been toned down in recent years in response to push-back by
Singaporeans, expressing the uniqueness of Singdarin in
4218:
2161:
1335:
1102:
originate from Teochew (死父, literally meaning dead father and hence in such a context, "on my dead father") and has the general meaning of 'damn'.
4208:
2240:
107:
3832:
3071:
1519:
1643:
3882:
1726:
1700:
1617:
3724:
1484:
1838:
4203:
3804:
1719:
1705:
2511:
2154:
1387:
506:
4213:
4120:
3574:
1930:
1789:
1379:
1360:
260:(SMC), as it believed in the need for Singaporeans to be able to communicate effectively with other Chinese speakers from
253:
4179:
4090:
3614:
4095:
3967:
3892:
3549:
316:
279:
Today, Singdarin remains often used and is commonly spoken in colloquial speech in Singapore and occasionally even on
4137:
4110:
3987:
3899:
3646:
3626:
2128:
1671:
3689:
2387:
2147:
341:
312:
4198:
4063:
4048:
4038:
3752:
1257:
Comparison between Singdarin spoken at work in Singapore and Mandarin spoken at work in China is shown below:
2404:
4075:
2949:
2911:
2314:
257:
249:
4009:
3852:
2450:
1997:
1817:
1742:
1340:
87:
4004:
3927:
3641:
3619:
2374:
2207:
1843:
3458:
3448:
2433:
3772:
3740:
3569:
3453:
3212:
2760:
2694:
2189:
2052:
1955:
1350:
273:
122:
35:
3367:
2876:
245:, there are significant divergences and differences especially in its pronunciation and vocabulary.
4016:
3982:
3817:
3784:
3631:
3559:
3476:
3317:
3312:
3066:
2382:
2108:
2030:
2025:
1938:
1913:
1345:
1330:
210:
3847:
3180:
4132:
3999:
3962:
3745:
3679:
3674:
3564:
3554:
3051:
2859:
2854:
2253:
1943:
1588:
1291:
If you dismantle the fire sprinkler inside the server room, will the fire department approve it?
350:
330:
3403:
3158:
2772:
1535:
1041:
Just like Singlish, certain words used in Singlish are also interchangeably used in Singdarin.
17:
4043:
4033:
3912:
3877:
3732:
3684:
3636:
3525:
3256:
3190:
3046:
3031:
2702:
2679:
2633:
2558:
2484:
2364:
2332:
2286:
2225:
2215:
2180:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2005:
1965:
1883:
1848:
1779:
1515:
1075:
292:
92:
3408:
3398:
3383:
2797:
4149:
3669:
3544:
3329:
3251:
3202:
3163:
3112:
3026:
2978:
2962:
2842:
2802:
2736:
2724:
2684:
2638:
2584:
2579:
2569:
2563:
2392:
2337:
2322:
2198:
2170:
2078:
2020:
1985:
1975:
1960:
1875:
1578:
1570:
1536:"重视新加坡本土华语的文化意义 (Attending to the cultural significance of Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin)"
1430:
1322:
288:
242:
218:
214:
202:
117:
102:
97:
3175:
2871:
2819:
2814:
2748:
1168:
someone who has not been exposed to the society and is not well-informed about many things
4100:
4080:
4068:
3977:
3937:
3922:
3917:
3661:
3511:
3501:
3481:
3438:
3433:
3299:
3263:
3246:
3236:
2993:
2929:
2716:
2612:
2607:
2516:
2463:
2458:
2438:
2423:
2418:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2327:
2299:
2271:
2248:
2098:
2093:
2015:
2010:
1980:
1948:
1918:
1392:
1081:
334:
234:
112:
79:
4105:
3393:
2809:
1557:
Cavallaro, Francesco; Seilhamer, Mark Fifer; Yen Yee, Ho; Bee Chin, Ng (10 August 2018).
1488:
1448:
1413:
326:
Cantonese. Indian languages such as Tamil were also commonly heard in such environments.
373:
Below are some examples of Singdarin dialogue spoken amongst some Chinese Singaporeans.
4154:
4144:
4115:
3822:
3794:
3506:
3491:
3344:
3339:
3324:
3268:
3207:
3089:
3061:
3041:
2988:
2957:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2881:
2864:
2777:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2729:
2674:
2656:
2574:
2548:
2489:
2409:
2397:
2349:
2304:
2294:
2220:
1908:
1794:
1784:
1763:
261:
238:
222:
2666:
4192:
3955:
3767:
3762:
3334:
3278:
3273:
3241:
3228:
3104:
3056:
2983:
2939:
2829:
2589:
2428:
2276:
2263:
2103:
1898:
1592:
1558:
462:
3827:
3777:
3153:
3036:
3009:
2553:
2543:
357:
leads to the creation of a hybrid culture (known colloquially as the Singaporean "
1644:"Ethnic Integration Policy and SPR Quota – Housing & Development Board (HDB)"
3972:
3946:
3842:
3812:
3789:
3757:
3496:
3486:
3290:
3185:
3170:
3133:
3081:
2902:
2893:
2789:
2628:
2503:
2230:
1903:
1398:
345:
284:
3388:
3362:
3128:
3094:
2599:
2526:
1833:
1675:
1312:
225:
in its vocabulary. There are also words from other Chinese languages such as
3837:
3588:
3307:
3197:
2849:
2837:
2648:
2479:
1893:
1888:
280:
269:
226:
206:
176:
157:
70:
1574:
908:
888:
868:
848:
816:
795:
774:
742:
722:
701:
681:
661:
630:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
496:
476:
441:
421:
400:
4159:
4127:
3713:
3354:
2535:
1853:
1711:
1355:
999:
322:
31:
1583:
291:, likewise with most Singaporeans in general with Singlish and standard
4026:
3706:
3593:
3422:
3018:
333:
and multi-ethnic harmony, and prevent neglected areas or districts and
230:
1395:
4085:
3887:
2068:
1438:
1403:
265:
1171:
from Hokkien word "suaku 山龜" (literally "tortoise on the mountain")
2139:
937:
The following are the common English loan words used in Singdarin.
3598:
1970:
358:
302:
1285:
Server room 里面的 fire sprinkler 拆了，你們的 fire department 會 allow 嗎？
2143:
1715:
252:
had previously discouraged the use of Singdarin in favour of
1119:
originate from Singaporean Hokkien vulgar word "wa lan eh
1148:
originate from Singaporean Hokkien vulgar word "guai lan
1131:" (literally 'my father') is a more polite variant of it.
755:
Not long, 6 months. I'm thinking of finding another job.
898:
878:
858:
838:
806:
785:
764:
732:
712:
691:
671:
651:
620:
600:
580:
560:
540:
520:
486:
466:
431:
411:
390:
1280:
Your cable tray needs to be lined up along the ceiling
1559:"Attitudes to Mandarin Chinese varieties in Singapore"
1618:"11 Things You Should Know About Singaporean Culture"
829:
Maybe next year when I complete my accounting course
283:, and most Chinese-speaking Singaporeans are able to
993:
Eh！蛋糕可以跟我share嗎？ (Can you share your cake with me?)
982:
Actually, 我本來要去的！ (Actually, I wanted to go there!)
4056:
4025:
3954:
3945:
3936:
3870:
3861:
3803:
3723:
3698:
3660:
3607:
3533:
3469:
3421:
3376:
3353:
3298:
3289:
3227:
3146:
3121:
3103:
3080:
3017:
3008:
2971:
2948:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2828:
2788:
2715:
2693:
2665:
2647:
2621:
2598:
2534:
2525:
2502:
2472:
2449:
2373:
2313:
2285:
2262:
2239:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2121:
2061:
1996:
1929:
1874:
1867:
1826:
1807:
1772:
1756:
1749:
1512:《新加坡: 蛻變的四十年》 (Singapore: The Changing Forty Years)
1008:你知道嗎？他弄到我很blur！ (Do you know he makes all at sea?)
174:
155:
150:
76:
66:
45:
241:. While Singdarin grammar is largely identical to
1302:The weather today is too hot! It's unbearable!
2155:
1727:
1149:
1126:
1120:
1085:" (cannot) and Malay word "tahan" (tolerate)
899:
879:
859:
839:
807:
786:
765:
733:
713:
692:
672:
652:
621:
601:
581:
561:
541:
521:
512:Raffles Place, located near the MRT station.
487:
467:
432:
412:
391:
8:
1458:
1073:formed by combination of Hokkien word "beh
1030:That's why 我很討厭他! (That's why I hate him!)
4175:
3951:
3942:
3867:
3295:
3014:
2907:
2898:
2531:
2203:
2194:
2162:
2148:
2140:
1871:
1753:
1734:
1720:
1712:
1463:'Sing colloquial Chinese language'
42:
1582:
1336:Hokkien influence on Singaporean Mandarin
209:similar to its English-based counterpart
1259:
1043:
939:
375:
1666:
1664:
1611:
1609:
1476:
1453:
1418:
1372:
929:Usually the word 'station' is omitted.
1563:Journal of Asian Pacific Communication
1263:Singdarin spoken at work in Singapore
1019:Anyway, 我一定要/該去! (Anyway, I must go!)
643:How long have you been working there?
1125:" (literally 'my dick'). "Wa lau eh
960:But 他很聰明leh！ (But he's very clever!)
7:
1514:. Taiwan: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. p. 54.
1648:Housing and Development Board (HDB)
1510:顧長永 (Gu Changyong) (25 July 2006).
1088:哇！袂 tahan 咧! (wa, beh tahan leh!)
25:
4219:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles
1266:Mandarin spoken at work in China
907:
887:
867:
847:
815:
794:
773:
741:
721:
700:
680:
660:
629:
609:
589:
569:
549:
529:
495:
475:
440:
420:
399:
4174:
3652:Literary and colloquial readings
3524:
1315:
1249:Usage of English technical terms
1185:incorrect/something went wrong
191:Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin
51:Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin
18:Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin
4209:Chinese languages in Singapore
1443:
1408:
1391:
1383:
1242:那個東西不懂被誰弄到亂七八糟，sibei jialat!
1154:" (literally 'strange dick').
1037:Loanwords from other languages
909:
889:
869:
849:
817:
796:
775:
743:
723:
702:
682:
662:
631:
611:
591:
571:
551:
531:
497:
477:
442:
422:
401:
369:Examples of Singdarin dialogue
1:
1706:Singaporean Mandarin Database
1616:Kaur, Tarra (23 March 2018).
1361:Standard Singaporean Mandarin
1274:你的 cable tray 要從 ceiling 上走。
971:Then, 他就來了！ (Then he comes!)
254:Standard Singaporean Mandarin
205:dialect native and unique to
4180:List of varieties of Chinese
1150:
1127:
1121:
1080:
1074:
920:But I'm going for my dinner
1145:annoying/irritating person
836:
762:
650:
519:
461:
389:
317:Public housing in Singapore
4235:
4138:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
1708:– Promote Mandarin Council
1701:Video example of Singdarin
1487:. 《三联生活周刊》. Archived from
1298:
1296:今天 sibeh 热咧！Buay Tahan 啦！
1295:
1287:
1284:
1276:
1273:
1241:
1232:
1224:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1141:
1133:
1112:
1095:
1087:
1066:
1029:
1026:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1004:
992:
989:
981:
978:
970:
967:
959:
956:
922:
831:
757:
645:
514:
456:
310:
217:but has a large amount of
29:
4172:
3522:
2177:
2129:Singaporean Sign Language
1434:
1419:hsin chia p'o shih hua yü
900:
880:
860:
840:
808:
787:
766:
734:
714:
693:
673:
653:
622:
602:
582:
562:
542:
522:
488:
468:
433:
413:
392:
313:Demographics of Singapore
57:
50:
1288:機房裡面的消防灑水拆了，你們的消防局會批准嗎？
1050:Standard Mandarin words
946:Standard Mandarin words
30:Not to be confused with
1674:. 联合早报网. Archived from
1208:這個地方這麼 ulu ，連一隻鬼影都沒有!
258:Speak Mandarin Campaign
4204:Languages of Singapore
1743:Languages of Singapore
1575:10.1075/japc.00010.cav
1341:Languages of Singapore
454:Where is your office?
308:
287:between Singdarin and
250:Singaporean government
306:
4214:Culture of Singapore
1808:Indigenous languages
1491:on 12 September 2010
1454:hsing shih chung wen
1351:Singaporean Mandarin
1269:English translation
1134:Walao eh, 你怎麼可以這樣？
758:沒多久，六個月。我想找一份新（的）工作
382:English translation
193:, commonly known as
123:Singaporean Mandarin
36:Singaporean Mandarin
1868:Immigrant languages
1388:traditional Chinese
1346:Singaporean Hokkien
1331:Chinese Singaporean
1277:你的電線橋架要在天花板天花板上鋪設。
1157:他sibeh guai lan的！
379:Singdarin dialogue
274:Singaporean culture
27:Linguistic register
4133:Cantonese Bopomofo
4000:Chinese characters
3928:Written Sichuanese
2512:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
1622:theculturetrip.com
1380:simplified Chinese
1225:那位顧客sibeh terok！
1191:計算機salah了 !
1116:my gosh/oh my god
949:Examples of usage
943:English loanwords
826:accounting course
752:find another job.
385:Standard Mandarin
309:
4186:
4185:
4168:
4167:
3995:
3994:
3913:Written Cantonese
3908:
3907:
3690:Classical grammar
3685:Cantonese grammar
3520:
3519:
3417:
3416:
3223:
3222:
3142:
3141:
3004:
3003:
2711:
2710:
2498:
2497:
2388:Chengdu–Chongqing
2181:Sinitic languages
2137:
2136:
2117:
2116:
1803:
1802:
1538:. 華語橋 (Huayuqiao)
1521:978-957-11-4398-9
1461:
1409:Xīnjiāpōshì Huáyǔ
1306:
1305:
1299:今天的天氣太熱了！我忍受不了了！
1246:
1245:
1236:really difficult
1059:Example of usage
1034:
1033:
957:不過 / 但（是） / 可（是）
933:English loanwords
927:
926:
515:萊佛士坊，在地鐵附近/離地鐵不遠
337:from developing.
293:Singapore English
289:Standard Mandarin
243:Standard Mandarin
213:. It is based on
188:
187:
118:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
4226:
4178:
4177:
4150:Taiwanese Hangul
4039:Mainland Chinese
3952:
3943:
3868:
3545:Standard Chinese
3528:
3296:
3015:
2908:
2899:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2532:
2204:
2195:
2171:Chinese language
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
1872:
1827:Creole languages
1814:Johor-Riau Malay
1754:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1586:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1444:Xīngshì Zhōngwén
1436:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1385:
1377:
1325:
1323:Singapore portal
1320:
1319:
1318:
1260:
1153:
1152:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1084:
1078:
1070:cannot tolerate
1044:
940:
917:
912:
911:
903:
902:
897:
892:
891:
883:
882:
877:
872:
871:
863:
862:
857:
852:
851:
843:
842:
825:
820:
819:
811:
810:
804:
799:
798:
790:
789:
783:
778:
777:
769:
768:
751:
746:
745:
737:
736:
731:
726:
725:
717:
716:
710:
705:
704:
696:
695:
690:
685:
684:
676:
675:
670:
665:
664:
656:
655:
639:
634:
633:
625:
624:
619:
614:
613:
605:
604:
599:
594:
593:
585:
584:
579:
574:
573:
565:
564:
559:
554:
553:
545:
544:
539:
534:
533:
525:
524:
505:
500:
499:
491:
490:
485:
480:
479:
471:
470:
450:
445:
444:
436:
435:
430:
425:
424:
416:
415:
409:
404:
403:
395:
394:
376:
344:housing to be a
281:local television
169:
160:
108:Beijing Mandarin
82:
43:
21:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4199:Mixed languages
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4164:
4101:Tongyong Pinyin
4081:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
4069:Dungan Cyrillic
4052:
4021:
3991:
3932:
3923:Written Hokkien
3904:
3863:
3857:
3833:Middle Mandarin
3799:
3719:
3694:
3656:
3603:
3536:
3529:
3516:
3465:
3413:
3372:
3349:
3285:
3219:
3138:
3117:
3099:
3076:
3000:
2967:
2944:
2888:
2824:
2784:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2707:
2689:
2661:
2643:
2617:
2594:
2521:
2494:
2468:
2445:
2369:
2309:
2281:
2258:
2235:
2184:
2173:
2168:
2138:
2133:
2113:
2057:
1992:
1925:
1863:
1822:
1799:
1768:
1745:
1740:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1429:
1425:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1251:
1039:
935:
371:
335:ethnic enclaves
331:social cohesion
319:
301:
167:
156:
146:
83:
80:Language family
78:
61:
59:
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4145:Taiwanese kana
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4116:Lessing-Othmer
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Written Dungan
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3874:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3823:Middle Chinese
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3790:Wubi (Wang Ma)
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3735:
3729:
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3700:
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3577:
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3552:
3541:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3507:Xiangnan Tuhua
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Shaozhou Tuhua
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
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3293:
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3259:
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3150:
3148:
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3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3006:
3005:
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2999:
2998:
2997:
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2991:
2981:
2975:
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2896:
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2862:
2857:
2847:
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2826:
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2807:
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2770:
2758:
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2713:
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2708:
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2705:
2699:
2697:
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2690:
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2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
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2660:
2659:
2653:
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2642:
2641:
2636:
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2619:
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2523:
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2442:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2405:Renshou–Fushun
2402:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2315:Central Plains
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
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2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2245:
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2237:
2236:
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2122:Sign languages
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
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1811:
1809:
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1800:
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1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1751:
1750:Main languages
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1695:External links
1693:
1690:
1689:
1678:on 8 July 2012
1660:
1635:
1624:. Culture Trip
1605:
1569:(2): 195–225.
1549:
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1048:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:anyway/anyhow
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:搞不清楚狀況 / 模糊不清
1003:
995:
994:
991:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
973:
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969:
966:
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913:
906:
896:
893:
886:
876:
873:
866:
856:
853:
846:
834:
833:
832:可能明年我修完會計課程之後
830:
827:
824:
821:
814:
803:
800:
793:
782:
779:
772:
760:
759:
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568:
558:
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517:
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494:
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426:
419:
408:
405:
398:
387:
386:
383:
380:
370:
367:
351:racial harmony
300:
297:
262:mainland China
186:
185:
180:
172:
171:
161:
153:
152:
151:Language codes
148:
147:
145:
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143:
142:
141:
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137:
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133:
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63:
55:
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26:
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2:
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4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
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4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4064:Cyrillization
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3956:Script styles
3953:
3950:
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3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
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3808:
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1486:
1485:"中文·外来语来聚"掺""
1480:
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1239:from Hokkien
1238:
1235:
1230:sibei jialat
1229:
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1221:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1195:
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1187:
1184:
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1177:
1174:這個人很sua ku!
1170:
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1036:
1023:
1022:
1016:反正 / 不管怎（麼）樣
1012:
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463:Raffles Place
460:
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37:
33:
19:
4086:Hanyu Pinyin
4076:Romanization
3983:Semi-cursive
3828:Old Mandarin
3785:Stroke count
3712:
3705:
3627:Old National
3579:
3470:Unclassified
2375:Southwestern
2208:Northeastern
2190:Major groups
2179:
1858:
1844:Chitty Malay
1839:Bazaar Malay
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1651:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1596:. Retrieved
1584:10356/137340
1566:
1562:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1530:
1511:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1479:
1452:
1442:
1426:
1417:
1407:
1375:
1256:
1252:
1219:troublesome
1105:sibeh sian！
1040:
990:共享 / 分 / 分享
936:
928:
711:six months.
372:
363:
361:" culture).
355:
339:
328:
320:
278:
247:
198:
194:
190:
189:
182:
175:
163:
127:
88:Sino-Tibetan
40:
4155:Xiao'erjing
4017:Punctuation
4010:Traditional
3963:Oracle bone
3947:Logographic
3843:Proto-Hakka
3818:Eastern Han
3813:Old Chinese
3675:Classifiers
3642:Northern Wu
3570:Singaporean
2776: [
2764: [
2752: [
2740: [
2728: [
2053:Minangkabau
1653:23 December
1542:11 February
1222:from Malay
1205:from Malay
1188:from Malay
1064:buay tahan
1053:Definition
1024:That's why
646:你在那里工作多久了？
346:melting pot
285:code-switch
237:as well as
4193:Categories
4106:Wade–Giles
4005:Simplified
3900:Vernacular
3893:in Vietnam
3746:Simplified
3733:Biaoxingma
3680:Honorifics
3615:Historical
3560:Philippine
3550:Sichuanese
3477:Badong Yao
3181:Shao–Jiang
3052:Philippine
2860:Xiangxiang
2855:Shuangfeng
2600:Taizhou Wu
2383:Sichuanese
2109:Vietnamese
2026:Mandailing
1998:Indonesian
1956:Indo-Aryan
1834:Baba Malay
1628:28 October
1598:29 October
1471:References
1449:Wade–Giles
1414:Wade–Giles
1099:very/damn
1047:Loanwords
457:您的辦公室在哪裡？
311:See also:
256:under the
113:Beijingese
4044:Taiwanese
4034:Cantonese
3878:Classical
3838:Proto-Min
3773:Microsoft
3632:Cantonese
3608:Phonology
3589:Cantonese
3580:Singdarin
3565:Malaysian
3555:Taiwanese
3459:Rongjiang
3449:Yongjiang
3445:Southern
3430:Northern
3404:Luo–Guang
3313:Hong Kong
3308:Guangzhou
3264:Taiwanese
3257:Changting
3191:Zhanjiang
3105:Zhongshan
3072:Malaysian
3067:Singapore
3032:Zhangzhou
2984:Zhongshan
2877:Yong–Quan
2773:Jing-Zhan
2703:Xuancheng
2680:Jiangshan
2559:Changzhou
2480:Junjiahua
2333:Guanzhong
2216:Changchun
2038:Baweanese
2011:Banjarese
1944:Malayalam
1939:Dravidian
1894:Hainanese
1889:Cantonese
1859:Singdarin
1593:149993315
1233:非常(真假)麻煩
1139:guai lan
1110:walao eh
976:actually
805:complete
321:Like its
270:Sinophone
268:or other
227:Cantonese
207:Singapore
195:Singdarin
177:Glottolog
158:ISO 639-3
128:Singdarin
71:Singapore
46:Singdarin
4128:Bopomofo
4057:Phonetic
4049:Two-cell
3978:Clerical
3888:in Japan
3883:Adoption
3871:Official
3862:Literary
3737:Boshiamy
3714:Xiehouyu
3670:Numerals
3647:Mandarin
3575:Standard
3535:Standard
3409:Qin–Lian
3399:Yong–Xun
3384:Gao–Yang
3330:Jiujiang
3318:Malaysia
3252:Tingzhou
3203:Wenchang
3164:Jianyang
3154:Northern
3113:Sanxiang
3027:Quanzhou
3010:Southern
2979:Manjiang
2843:Changsha
2803:Nanchang
2798:Chang–Du
2695:Xuanzhou
2685:Qingtian
2639:Wencheng
2585:Jiangyin
2580:Jinxiang
2570:Shaoxing
2564:Hangzhou
2544:Shanghai
2485:Qinjiang
2393:Minjiang
2365:Xinjiang
2323:Dongping
2287:Jiaoliao
2226:Shenyang
2199:Mandarin
2089:Japanese
2084:Filipino
2074:Armenian
2048:Javanese
2043:Buginese
2006:Acehnese
1966:Gujarati
1854:Singlish
1849:Kristang
1790:Mandarin
1773:Official
1757:National
1682:1 August
1672:"新加坡式华语"
1495:1 August
1356:Singlish
1309:See also
1142:令人討厭的傢伙
1122:我𡳞呃/我膦呃
1027:所以 / 於是
1000:Singlish
923:不過我要去吃飯
776:míngnián
323:Singlish
215:Mandarin
211:Singlish
203:Mandarin
199:Singnese
103:Mandarin
53:Singnese
32:Sindarin
4027:Braille
3988:Cursive
3938:Scripts
3805:History
3795:ZhengMa
3741:Cangjie
3707:Chengyu
3662:Grammar
3637:Hokkien
3594:Hokkien
3502:Waxiang
3482:Danzhou
3454:Guandao
3439:Younian
3434:Tongdao
3423:Pinghua
3363:Taishan
3279:Raoping
3247:Huizhou
3237:Meixian
3213:Banqiao
3186:Leizhou
3176:Pu–Xian
3171:Central
3159:Jian'ou
3134:Longyan
3082:Teochew
3019:Hokkien
2994:Nanlang
2950:Fu–Ning
2930:Changle
2912:Houguan
2903:Eastern
2850:Loushao
2838:Changyi
2820:Da–Tong
2815:Ying–Yi
2761:Yanzhou
2629:Wenzhou
2622:Oujiang
2613:Tiantai
2608:Taizhou
2517:Zhi–Yan
2464:Nantong
2459:Nanjing
2434:Gui–Liu
2424:Nanping
2419:Kunming
2345:Luoyang
2300:Qingdao
2272:Tianjin
2249:Beijing
2241:Beijing
2079:Burmese
2021:Angkola
1986:Sinhala
1976:Punjabi
1961:Bengali
1919:Teochew
1914:Hokkien
1909:Hokchew
1904:Henghwa
1884:Sinitic
1876:Chinese
1780:English
1431:Chinese
1202:remote
1162:sua ku
410:office
299:Origins
235:Teochew
231:Hokkien
219:English
201:, is a
98:Chinese
93:Sinitic
4096:Postal
4091:MPS II
3968:Bronze
3848:Ba–Shu
3768:Google
3763:Pinyin
3699:Idioms
3512:Yeheni
3394:Wu–Hua
3389:Goulou
3368:Xinhui
3345:Dapeng
3340:Weitou
3325:Xiguan
3300:Yuehai
3269:Sixian
3208:Haikou
3198:Hainan
3129:Zhenan
3095:Haklau
3090:Swatow
3062:Penang
3047:Taiwan
3042:Chawan
2989:Longdu
2958:Ningde
2935:Gutian
2925:Fuqing
2920:Fuzhou
2882:Qiyang
2865:Wugang
2810:Yi–Liu
2737:Xiu-Yi
2725:Ji-She
2675:Quzhou
2667:Chu–Qu
2657:Jinhua
2649:Wuzhou
2634:Rui'an
2575:Ningbo
2549:Suzhou
2439:Wuming
2410:Zigong
2398:Leshan
2360:Lanyin
2355:Dungan
2350:Xuzhou
2328:Gangou
2305:Weihai
2295:Dalian
2254:Taiwan
2221:Harbin
2099:Nepali
2094:Korean
2069:Arabic
1981:Sindhi
1949:Telugu
1931:Indian
1591:
1518:
1451::
1441::
1439:pinyin
1433::
1416::
1406::
1404:pinyin
1390::
1384:新加坡式华语
1382::
1216:難搞/困難
1213:terok
1182:錯/壞掉了
1179:salah
1151:怪𡳞/怪膦
1113:我的天啊！
1093:sibeh
1056:Notes
998:blur (
987:share
910:chīfàn
763:Maybe
612:duōjiǔ
572:nàbiān
498:kàojìn
266:Taiwan
67:Region
60:新加坡式華語
58:新加坡式华语
4160:Nüshu
3864:forms
3778:Sogou
3725:Input
3599:Hakka
3537:forms
3377:Other
3335:Shiqi
3274:Hailu
3242:Wuhua
3229:Hakka
3147:Other
3122:Other
3057:Pedan
2972:Other
2963:Fu'an
2940:Matsu
2872:Ji–Xu
2830:Xiang
2780:]
2768:]
2756:]
2749:Qi-De
2744:]
2732:]
2590:Shadi
2536:Taihu
2490:Gyami
2473:Other
2429:Wuhan
2338:Xi'an
2277:Jinan
2062:Other
2016:Batak
1971:Hindi
1899:Hakka
1795:Tamil
1785:Malay
1764:Malay
1589:S2CID
1367:Notes
1165:井底之蛙
965:then
784:when
744:xiǎng
359:rojak
239:Tamil
223:Malay
4121:Yale
4111:EFEO
3973:Seal
3758:Dayi
3355:Siyi
3037:Amoy
2554:Wuxi
2451:Huai
2264:Jilu
2104:Thai
2031:Toba
1684:2010
1655:2020
1630:2021
1600:2021
1544:2011
1516:ISBN
1497:2010
1460:lit.
1435:星式中文
1196:ulu
1067:受不了
954:but
837:But
818:wǒde
443:nǎlǐ
402:nǐde
315:and
248:The
233:and
221:and
183:None
164:None
62:星式中文
3853:Gan
3753:CKC
3620:Old
3497:She
3487:Mai
3291:Yue
2894:Min
2790:Gan
2717:Hui
2566:(?)
2504:Jin
2231:Taz
1579:hdl
1571:doi
1393:新加坡
1199:偏僻
1128:我老呃
1096:非常
979:其實
968:然後
870:yào
703:jiǔ
683:tài
592:zuò
552:zài
507:MRT
478:hěn
423:zài
342:HDB
197:or
168:mis
34:or
4195::
2778:zh
2766:zh
2754:zh
2742:zh
2730:zh
2527:Wu
1663:^
1646:.
1620:.
1608:^
1587:.
1577:.
1567:28
1565:.
1561:.
1457:;
1447:;
1437:;
1412:;
1402:;
1399:華語
1386:;
1076:𣍐
1002:)
901:吃飯
890:qù
850:wǒ
809:我的
797:wǒ
767:明年
724:wǒ
663:bù
640:？
632:le
603:多久
563:那邊
532:nǐ
509:.
489:靠近
465:,
451:？
434:哪里
393:你的
353:.
276:.
264:,
229:,
2163:e
2156:t
2149:v
1735:e
1728:t
1721:v
1686:.
1657:.
1632:.
1602:.
1581::
1573::
1546:.
1524:.
1499:.
1396:式
1082:袂
1079:/
915:)
905:(
895:)
885:(
881:去
875:)
865:(
861:要
855:)
845:(
841:我
823:)
813:(
802:)
792:(
788:我
781:)
771:(
749:)
739:(
735:想
729:)
719:(
715:我
708:)
698:(
694:久
688:)
678:(
674:太
668:)
658:(
654:不
637:)
627:(
623:了
617:)
607:(
597:)
587:(
583:做
577:)
567:(
557:)
547:(
543:在
537:)
527:(
523:你
503:)
493:(
483:)
473:(
469:很
448:)
438:(
428:)
418:(
414:在
407:)
397:(
170:)
166:(
38:.
20:)
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