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shared-memory system, expanded to meet with NASA's growing high-end computing needs. At the time of its decommissioning in March 2013, Columbia was made up of four nodes over 40 SGI Altix 4700 racks, containing Intel
Itanium 2 Montecito and Montvale processors to make up a total of 4,608 cores with a
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filesystem, and 10 petabytes of archival tape storage. The
Project Columbia team, composed mostly of computer scientists and engineers from NAS, SGI, and Intel, were awarded the Government Computer News (GCN) Agency Award for Innovation in 2005 for deploying Columbia's original 10,240 processors in
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processors. In 2006, NASA and SGI added four new Altix 4700 nodes containing 256 dual-core processors, which decreased the physical footprint and the power cost of the supercomputer. The nodes were connected with
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Missions run on
Columbia include high-fidelity simulations of the Space Shuttle vehicle and launch systems, hurricane track prediction, global ocean circulation, and the physics of supernova detonations.
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At its peak, Columbia had a total of 10,240 processors and 20 terabytes of memory, 440 terabytes of online storage utilizing SGI's
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rating of 51.87 teraflops, or 51.87 trillion floating point calculations per second. By June 2007 it had dropped to 13th.
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383:"NASA Ensures Columbia Supercomputer Will Continue to Fuel New Science with Latest SGI Technology Infusion"
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single and double data rate (SDR and DDR) cabling with transfer speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second.
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The SGI Altix platform was selected due to a positive experience with
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512-processor multi-rack systems running SUSE Linux
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440 terabytes of online storage, 10 petabytes of archival tape storage
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theoretical peak of 30 teraflops and total memory of 9 terabytes.
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Columbia debuted as the second most powerful supercomputer on the
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415:"Innovative Partnership to Revolutionize NASA Supercomputing"
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It was slowly phased out as its successors at NAS, the
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It was originally composed of 20 interconnected SGI
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344:"TOP500 Columbia System Ranking History"
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448:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
419:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
366:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
319:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
71:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
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521:Very long instruction word computing
132:63 teraflops theoretical performance
166:NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS)
88:SGI Altix 3700/4700, 10,240 Intel
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450:. November 2005. Archived from
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481:TOP500 Columbia System entry
107:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
486:2004 Press release from SGI
421:. July 2004. Archived from
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79:Moffett Field, California
75:NASA Ames Research Center
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362:"Columbia Supercomputer"
96:SDR and DDR interconnect
516:One-of-a-kind computers
476:TOP500 Official Website
261:Pleiades supercomputer
143:: 2, November 2004
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168:facility located at
501:NASA supercomputers
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511:SGI supercomputers
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116:20 terabytes
85:Architecture
37:2004 - 2013
495:Categories
458:2012-05-23
429:2012-05-23
397:2013-05-21
329:2012-05-23
300:2012-05-23
272:References
241:astronaut
228:InfiniBand
209:Altix 3700
174:California
94:InfiniBand
265:Endeavour
258:petascale
219:Montecito
216:Itanium 2
156:built by
53:Operators
263:and the
239:Columbia
223:Montvale
182:disaster
180:Columbia
150:Columbia
67:Location
42:Sponsors
20:Columbia
235:Kalpana
202:LINPACK
192:History
137:Ranking
121:Storage
90:Itanium
348:TOP500
198:TOP500
152:was a
141:TOP500
113:Memory
34:Active
213:Intel
129:Speed
48:, USA
290:NASA
250:CXFS
221:and
172:in
73:at
61:SGI
57:NAS
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
