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Louis Scherf, shouted to the strikers, "Who are your leaders?" "We're all leaders!" came the reply. Scherf announced that the strikers would not be allowed into the town, and for a few moments, the strikers hesitated outside the fence. There was discussion, with many strikers asserting their right to proceed. They argued that Serene had a public post office, and some of their children were enrolled in the school in Serene. One of the
Rangers reportedly taunted, "If you want to come in here, come ahead, but we'll carry you out".
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were recalled to duty and would meet the picketers and bar their path. The miners were surprised to see men dressed in civilian clothes but armed with pistols, rifles, riot guns and tear gas. The
Rangers were backed up by rifle-toting mine guards stationed on the mine dump. The Head of the Rangers,
541:
Five died initially, on the day of the massacre. John
Eastenes, 34, of Lafayette, married and father of six children, died instantly. Nick Spanudakhis, 34, of Lafayette, lived only a few minutes. Frank Kovich of Erie, Rene Jacques, 26, of Louisville, and 21-year-old Jerry Davis died hours later in
509:
The miners in the front of the group scaled the gate, led by Adam Bell's call of "Come on!" Three policemen pulled Bell down, viciously clubbed on the head, he fell unconscious to the ground. A battle raged over his prostrate form, the miners shielding him from the
Rangers. Mrs. Elizabeth Beranek,
505:
Strike leader Adam Bell stepped forward and asked for the gate to be unlocked. As he put his hand on the gate, one of the
Rangers struck him with a club. A sixteen-year-old boy stood nearby and was holding one of the flags. The banner was snatched from him, and in the tug of war that followed, the
533:
The police retreated, forming two lines at the water tank; 120 yards (110 m) inside the fence. Louis Scherf fired two .45 caliber rounds over the heads of the strikers. His men responded with deadly fire directly into the crowd. The miners scattered, twelve remained on the ground, some dead,
433:
across the state, workers had been picketing one of the few remaining operating mines, in Serene. A fight broke out between
Colorado state militia and a group of striking coal miners, during which the unarmed miners were attacked with firearms. The miners testified that machine guns were fired at
513:
Police admitted to using clubs in the skirmish. Scherf said, "We knocked them down as fast as they came over the gate". Miners would later say that the clubs were lengths of gas pipe. A striker belted one Ranger in the face, breaking his nose. A pocketknife-wielding miner cut another on the hand
585:
The state police later testified that they had not used machine guns in the fight. The miners and some witnesses testified that machine guns were used. Some witnesses identified a mine guard who had climbed the tipple and may have operated the machine gun mounted there, providing one possible
537:
At least two, and possibly three, machine guns were available at the mine. Miners later claimed that their ranks were decimated by a withering crossfire from the mine tipple – a structure where coal was loaded onto railroad cars – and from a gun on a truck near the water tank.
456:, nestled on a rolling hillside, was the home of the Columbine mine. The strike was five weeks old, and strikers had been conducting morning rallies at Serene for two weeks, for the Columbine was one of the few coal mines in the state to remain in operation.
506:
flagpole broke over the fence. The miners rushed toward the gate, and suddenly the air was filled with tear gas launched by the police. A tear gas grenade hit Mrs. Kubic in the back as she tried to flee. Some of the miners threw the tear gas grenades back.
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the mother of 16 children and one of the flag-bearers, tried to protect him by thrusting her flag in front of his attackers. The police turned on her, bruising her severely. Rangers reportedly seized Mrs. Beranek's flag too.
522:
Enraged, the strikers forced their way through the wooden gate. Jerry Davis grabbed one of the fallen flags as hundreds of angry miners surged through the entrance, others scaled the fence east of the gate.
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the hospital. The Flag of the United States Davis carried was riddled with seventeen bullet holes and stained with blood. Mike
Vidovich of Erie, 35, died a week later of his injuries.
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On
November 21, 1927, five hundred miners, some accompanied by their wives and children, arrived at the north gate just before dawn. They carried three United States flags.
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Hundreds of strikers & Wobblies standing outside the doctor’s office awaiting word on wounded fellow workers. 13 strikers in total were taken to the office.
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while other strikers pelted the
Rangers with rocks. Blood gushed from a cut above one Ranger's eye when a rock found its mark, the police then retreated.
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explanation for the discrepancy in testimony. However, one of Scherf's men reportedly operated the machine gun near the water tank.
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Three men pictured (presumably state militia), the only one identified is tall "Shorty" Martinez wielding a Tommy gun.
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McClurg, Donald J. (January 1963). "The
Colorado coal strike of 1927 — tactical leadership of the IWW".
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Myers, Richard; Eric Margolis; Joanna Sampson; Phil Goodstein (2005). May, Lowell A. (ed.).
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them, which the state police disputed. Six strikers were killed, and dozens were injured.
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755:. Vol. LIX. Prelinger Library. East Stroudsburg, Pa.: Survey Associates Inc. and
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869:
Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike
773:
Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike
449:
897:
881:. Bread and Roses Workers' Cultural Center & Industrial Workers of the World.
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800:
593:
716:
81:
68:
876:
286:
232:
39:
27:
1927 police shooting of striking miners in Serene, Colorado, United States
426:
1269:
597:
704:"State Troops Keep order in Colorado; Striking Coal Miners are Quiet"
941:
749:"Six Killed, Twenty Wounded - A Case Study of Industrial Conflict"
1389:
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
963:
852:
Once A Coalminer... The Story of Colorado's Northern Coal Field
497:
That morning, the recently disbanded state police known as the
204:
835:"Deep Cuts — Colorado Coal Strike Part 3: December 3rd, 1927"
1085:
200:
477:
Striking workers and family marching earlier on November 3
899:
The Industrial Workers of the World: Its first 100 years
637:
Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States
1243:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
642:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
1258:
List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
878:
Slaughter in Serene: the Columbine Coal Strike Reader
562:
Funeral of Nick Spanudakhis and an unidentified miner
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757:
Charity Organization Society of the City of New York
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1096:
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163:
136:
97:
53:
45:
32:
702:
902:. Industrial Workers of the World. p. 145.
1369:Law enforcement operations in the United States
871:. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2023.
578:graveyard for the funeral of Nick Spanudakhis.
1414:20th-century mass murder in the United States
975:
816:"Blood on the Coal – Colorado Strike of 1927"
216:
8:
1131:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
1354:Industrial Workers of the World in Colorado
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968:
960:
223:
209:
201:
29:
1324:November 1927 events in the United States
1053:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892
1394:Massacres of protesters in North America
1379:Massacres committed by the United States
1299:Anti-union violence in the United States
1253:Anti-union violence in the United States
524:
485:
663:
1136:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
1104:Streetcar strikes in the United States
1064:Streetcar strikes in the United States
919:"Brutal days of coal strikes depicted"
833:Weinberg, Rachel (December 18, 2020).
917:Hinkemeyer, Joan (November 4, 2005).
747:Meyer, Irwin F. (February 15, 1928).
7:
1399:Riots and civil disorder in Colorado
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732:
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1309:1927 disasters in the United States
1248:Union violence in the United States
1121:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
814:Murfin, Patrick (18 October 2013).
1156:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
647:List of battles fought in Colorado
25:
1319:1927 murders in the United States
896:Thompson, F.; Bekken, J. (2006).
421:occurred in 1927, in the town of
1268:
1214:Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike
1126:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
820:Heretic, Rebel, a Thing to Flout
596:
567:
555:
464:
1314:1927 labor disputes and strikes
109:Industrial Workers of the World
1384:Massacres in the United States
1116:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
1042:Cotton pickers' strike of 1891
492:-Steelworks Center of the West
444:1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike
431:1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike
1:
1364:Labor monuments and memorials
1349:Deaths by firearm in Colorado
925:. p. 30D. Archived from
770:Campbell-Hale, Leigh (2013).
1208:West Coast waterfront strike
992:American labor union history
116:Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.
952:Colorado Historical Society
1430:
1359:Labor disputes in Colorado
955:(archived October 2, 2006)
441:
1266:
1141:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
1083:
990:Major armed conflicts in
801:10.1080/00236566308583916
385:Indiana bituminous strike
240:
168:
141:
102:
37:
1178:Battle of Blair Mountain
1167:1920 Alabama coal strike
671:Schreck, Christopher J.
363:Battle of Blair Mountain
1374:Mass murder in Colorado
1275:Portal:Organized Labour
1196:Columbine Mine massacre
942:Erie Historical Society
854:, Phyllis Smith, p. 182
604:Organized labour portal
419:Columbine Mine massacre
395:Columbine Mine massacre
375:UMW General Coal Strike
355:West Virginia coal wars
342:Hartford coal mine riot
120:Rocky Mountain Fuel Co.
33:Columbine Mine massacre
18:Columbine Mine Massacre
1344:Criminal rock-throwing
1146:Colorado Coalfield War
1090:
867:Campbell-Hale, Leigh.
530:
494:
429:. In the midst of the
369:Alabama miners' strike
328:Colorado Coalfield War
297:Anthracite coal strike
267:Bituminous coal strike
250:Mahoning Valley strike
82:40.02528°N 105.02722°W
1404:Weld County, Colorado
1220:Memorial Day massacre
1089:
1012:Rock Springs massacre
1006:Great Railroad Strike
528:
489:
291:Carterville Mine Riot
164:Casualties and losses
127:Colorado state police
1339:Colorado Mining Boom
673:"The Strike of 1927"
391:Colorado Coal Strike
322:Paint Creek mine war
303:Carbon county strike
148:Amelia Milka Sablich
87:40.02528; -105.02722
1110:Colorado Labor Wars
923:Rocky Mountain News
759:. pp. 644–646.
612:Anti-union violence
574:Mourners gather at
316:Westmoreland strike
78: /
1409:Mining in Colorado
1091:
1076:Illinois coal wars
1030:Thibodaux massacre
944:(official website)
929:on April 19, 2006.
709:The New York Times
531:
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279:Illinois coal wars
1329:Massacres in 1927
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1282:
1281:
1202:Harlan County War
1190:Hanapepe massacre
1172:Battle of Matewan
1070:Lattimer massacre
1036:Morewood massacre
1018:Bay View massacre
909:978-0-917-12402-0
888:978-0-917-12401-3
632:Bay View Massacre
627:Lattimer massacre
414:
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401:Harlan County War
359:Battle of Matewan
273:Lattimer massacre
256:Morewood massacre
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154:Jesse F. Welborn;
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49:November 21, 1927
16:(Redirected from
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1304:1927 in Colorado
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1236:Related articles
1161:Everett massacre
1148:, including the
1047:Homestead Strike
1024:Haymarket affair
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711:. 1927-11-23.
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789:Labor History
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795:(1): 68–92.
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720:. Retrieved
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504:
496:
491:
482:
450:company town
447:
418:
416:
394:
187:
179:
174:
153:
144:
137:Lead figures
38:Part of the
1204:, 1931–1932
1152:, 1913–1914
1112:, 1903–1904
1106:, 1895–1929
1078:, 1898–1899
1066:, 1895–1929
931:Book Review
403:1931–1939 (
281:1898–1900 (
145:Adam Bell;
85: /
73:105°01′38″W
1293:Categories
753:The Survey
722:2023-03-05
678:6 November
658:References
438:Background
177:: 6 killed
70:40°01′31″N
1334:Coal Wars
776:(Thesis).
717:0362-4331
576:Lafayette
547:Aftermath
393:1927–28 (
357:1912–21 (
330:1913–14 (
287:Pana riot
233:Coal Wars
40:Coal Wars
590:See also
518:Massacre
427:Colorado
54:Location
839:IWW Org
318:1910–11
305:1903–04
180:Injured
98:Parties
1228:, 1938
1222:, 1937
1216:, 1935
1210:, 1934
1198:, 1927
1192:, 1924
1186:, 1922
1180:, 1921
1174:, 1920
1163:, 1916
1072:, 1897
1060:, 1894
1049:, 1892
1038:, 1891
1032:, 1887
1026:, 1886
1020:, 1886
1014:, 1885
1008:, 1877
906:
885:
715:
423:Serene
377:1922 (
188:Deaths
175:Deaths
653:Notes
310:1910s
904:ISBN
883:ISBN
713:ISSN
680:2019
448:The
417:The
387:1927
371:1920
344:1914
324:1912
299:1902
275:1897
269:1894
258:1891
252:1873
182::~20
46:Date
797:doi
452:of
1295::
950:-
921:.
837:.
818:.
791:.
751:.
731:^
707:.
688:^
425:,
361:,
334:,
289:,
285:,
983:e
976:t
969:v
912:.
891:.
841:.
822:.
803:.
799::
793:4
725:.
682:.
407:)
397:)
381:)
365:)
338:)
293:)
224:e
217:t
210:v
190::
20:)
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