153:
1900:
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42:
1907:
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139:
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1810:
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314:
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302:
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386:(EPF), which was driven by the different European Payload organizations being more interested in outer space than internal experiments. Also the addition of a terminal for direct communications to/from ground, which could have been used also as back-up for the ISS system, was studied but not implemented for cost reasons.
642:
Laboratory. ESA is thus allocated five active rack locations, with the other five being allocated to NASA. Four active rack locations are on the forward side of the deck, four on the aft side, and two are in overhead locations. Three of the deck racks are filled with life support and cooling systems.
358:
by Thales Alenia Space. In 2000 the pre-integrated module (structure including harness and tubing) was delivered to Bremen in
Germany by the Co-prime contractor Alenia. The final integration and system testing was performed by the overall prime contractor EADS Astrium Space Transportation, after that
538:
The laboratory is a cylindrical module, made from stainless steel, kevlar and hardened aluminum, with two end cones. It is 4.477 m (14 ft 8.3 in) in external diameter and 6.871 m (22 ft 6.5 in) in overall length, excluding the projecting external experiment racks. Its
377:
The final schedule was much longer than originally planned due to development problems (several caused by the complex responsibility splitting between the Co-prime and the
Overall prime contractor) and design changes introduced by ESA but being affordable due to the Shuttle problems delaying the
500:
prior to the first launch attempt on 6 December 2007, two of four LH2 ECO sensors failed a test. Mission rules called for at least three of the four sensors to be in working order for a launch attempt to proceed. As a result of the failure, the Launch
Director Doug Lyons postponed the launch,
419:
as defined by the PICA – Principle (for definition see
History below); the related hardware was pre-integrated and sent as PICA in September 2001 to Bremen. The lab was built and qualified on system level at the EADS Astrium Space Transportation facilities in
501:
initially for 24 hours. This was later revised into a 72-hour delay, resulting in a next launch attempt set for Sunday 9 December 2007. This launch attempt was scrubbed when one of the ECO sensors again failed during fuelling.
615:
406:
structure, the micro-meteorite protection system, the active and passive thermal control, the environmental control, the harness and all the related ground support equipment were designed and qualified by
2397:
3148:
1187:
152:
2498:
2144:
1882:
2995:
3173:
1877:
1259:
5023:
2540:
1813:
650:
External
Payload Facility (CEPF). Each external payload is mounted on an adaptor able to accommodate small instruments and experiments totalling up to 230 kilograms (507 lb).
1846:
1474:
2621:
3627:
5038:
3286:
2488:
1790:
973:
916:
4672:
2921:
2294:
1696:
3852:
3846:
2407:
771:
4677:
2377:
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710:(EuTEF) platform, which accommodates nine instruments: TRIBOLAB, PLEGPAY, MEDET, EUFIDE, DEBIE-2, FIPEX, EUTEMP, EXPOSE, DOSTEL, and the Earth Viewing Camera.
1795:
947:
4018:
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1595:
1165:
1183:
1585:
783:
777:
4385:
1839:
1216:
2523:
1052:
4946:
4941:
4864:
3620:
3436:
2508:
1961:
1542:
1250:
2518:
1971:
1580:
1301:
1077:
707:
808:
5028:
3527:
3238:
2561:
1899:
864:
741:
1140:
2287:
1913:
1832:
635:
3594:
894:
2929:
2806:
2654:
1389:
1241:
4414:
3613:
3342:
2965:
2959:
2597:
469:
395:
4356:
are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
4632:
3312:
3001:
2382:
2372:
1744:
4792:
3958:
3570:
3324:
2392:
1565:
5018:
4738:
4277:
4207:
3559:
3401:
3280:
3274:
2493:
2280:
2213:
1940:
1718:
1570:
730:
611:
540:
504:
The ECO sensors' external connector was changed on the Space
Shuttle external tank, causing a two-month delay in the launch.
351:
296:
257:
969:
920:
4657:
3583:
1494:
747:
559:
1269:
1107:
998:
4910:
4859:
4647:
4378:
2830:
2196:
1015:
713:
653:
4351:
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
4715:
4430:
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3164:
2139:
1560:
1311:
970:"Node 2, Columbus, Japanese Experiment Module and Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) installation animation"
678:
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174:
78:
4662:
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2884:
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2836:
2746:
2461:
2428:
2402:
1600:
1531:
1524:
1499:
689:
94:
164:
and where that instrument was mounted on the Module. The instrument was installed in 2014 and operated until 2016.
3456:
3094:
2760:
2602:
2387:
2239:
1930:
1489:
1484:
1294:
548:
943:
3416:
2175:
1872:
1764:
1469:
1445:
672:
192:
1169:
547:. The starboard end cone contains most of the laboratory's on-board computers. The port end cone contains the
4823:
4763:
4371:
4054:
3461:
3215:
2983:
2660:
2513:
2449:
2045:
1935:
1769:
1509:
1326:
625:
621:
261:
253:
56:
4435:
4409:
3431:
2824:
2201:
1774:
1759:
1723:
758:
instrument was installed, which was operated until late 2016. ISS-RapidScat was transported to ISS by the
243:
112:
4109:
1212:
657:
External payloads SOLAR and EuTEF installed on LCC-lite cargo carrier prior to launch on shuttle mission
5033:
4895:
4869:
4723:
4105:
4093:
2303:
2261:
1855:
1739:
1672:
1590:
1430:
544:
287:, including the experiments it carries and the ground control infrastructure necessary to operate them.
178:
4101:
4256:
4097:
1041:
830:
646:
In addition, four un-pressurized payload platforms can be attached outside the starboard cone, on the
4627:
3802:
3517:
3221:
3065:
2947:
2715:
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2648:
2471:
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2168:
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371:
280:
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186:
127:
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3250:
3209:
3197:
3191:
3078:
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2860:
2719:
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2592:
2323:
2206:
2161:
2073:
2052:
1976:
1754:
1436:
1402:
1370:
1184:"MDA-Developed Columbus Ka-Band Terminal (COLKa) Starts Journey to the International Space Station"
209:
4129:
4125:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
1619:
4984:
4900:
4731:
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4158:
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3912:
3908:
3864:
3578:
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3396:
3203:
3140:
3013:
2897:
2040:
1452:
1381:
1363:
1342:
1335:
1081:
804:
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1279:
856:
1892:
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1945:
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1423:
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886:
628:
265:
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41:
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3348:
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1605:
493:
432:
138:
450:
4976:
4952:
4920:
4287:
3677:
3605:
3381:
2582:
2338:
1536:
526:
508:
was finally launched successfully on the third attempt at 2:45pm EST, 7 February 2008.
322:
101:
5012:
4890:
4839:
4808:
4394:
4212:
4139:
4088:
3967:
3898:
3693:
2725:
2666:
2533:
2356:
2093:
755:
631:
in
Germany) and by the associated User Support Operations Centres throughout Europe.
497:
421:
326:
238:
233:
142:
107:
85:
51:
638:(ISPRs) for science payloads. Agreements with NASA allocate to ESA 51% usage of the
332:
4925:
4818:
4322:
4318:
4231:
4201:
4072:
3997:
3796:
2709:
2528:
759:
4363:
530:(also known as Node 2), with the cylinder pointing outwards on 11 February 2008.
4340:
4336:
4332:
4308:
4266:
4162:
4154:
4037:
4027:
4022:
4002:
3831:
3816:
3466:
3386:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3023:
2740:
2577:
2132:
2088:
1994:
703:
by crew members of the mission STS-122 mission. The three payloads mounted are:
643:
The remaining deck rack and the two remaining overhead racks are storage racks.
17:
4704:
4667:
4570:
4565:
4489:
4168:
4058:
3953:
3481:
3132:
3124:
3100:
3071:
3051:
3033:
3019:
2842:
2257:
1096:
524:
from the docked shuttle's cargo bay and attached it to the starboard hatch of
313:
252:. It is designed for ten years of operation. The module is controlled by the
1824:
4699:
4688:
4683:
4593:
4588:
4236:
4149:
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3920:
3903:
3858:
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3421:
3244:
3086:
3007:
2818:
2673:
2315:
2083:
1514:
1504:
517:
359:
the initial
Payload was integrated and the overall complement checked-out.
301:
4997:
Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
1078:"ISS Utilization: SOLAR and EuTEF – external payloads on the Columbus Lab"
1042:"The ESA Payloads for Columbus – A bridge between the ISS and exploration"
4694:
4539:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4474:
4261:
4134:
4066:
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2971:
2953:
2913:
2848:
2778:
2587:
2351:
2346:
2224:
2218:
2078:
2017:
1981:
382:
launch for several years. The main design change was the addition of the
2272:
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4272:
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4222:
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4144:
3931:
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3336:
3330:
3268:
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3256:
2977:
2703:
2503:
2483:
2423:
2328:
2127:
1986:
658:
477:
249:
229:
221:
62:
4544:
4313:
4303:
4179:
4076:
4062:
3882:
3807:
3764:
3749:
3710:
3672:
3476:
3108:
2878:
2812:
2642:
2231:
1691:
1519:
736:
684:
367:
269:
217:
213:
177:(ISS) and is the largest single contribution to the ISS made by the
857:"Europe's Airbus-built Columbus orbital outpost: 10 years in space"
212:. The functional equipment and software of the lab was designed by
4998:
4757:
4479:
3826:
3715:
3318:
2989:
2905:
2854:
2800:
2034:
719:
664:
The following
European ISPRs have been initially installed inside
652:
558:
449:
431:
416:
412:
331:
312:
300:
205:
201:
151:
137:
616:
ELIPS: European
Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space
3451:
3426:
3406:
2068:
1134:"The European Multi-User Facilities for the Columbus Laboratory"
890:
355:
276:
4367:
3609:
2619:
2276:
1828:
1283:
944:"NASA Postpones Space Shuttle Atlantis Launch; Aims for Friday"
543:(MPLMs), since both were designed to fit in the cargo bay of a
4522:
2121:
1103:
1048:
5001:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
1132:
Reibaldi, G.; Manieri, P.; Mundorf, H.; Nasca, R.; König, H.
224:. It was also integrated in Bremen before being flown to the
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
620:
Activities in the lab are controlled on the ground by the
160:
was ISS-RapidScat, and this graphic shows the location of
27:
ESA science observatory on the International Space Station
887:"Space Shuttle Mission STS-122: The Voyage of Columbus"
1095:
Steve Feltham & Giacinto Gianfiglio (March 2002).
4934:
4883:
4852:
4832:
4801:
4785:
4778:
4713:
4620:
4613:
4581:
4553:
4532:
4460:
4453:
4423:
4296:
4245:
4188:
4118:
4046:
4011:
3946:
3891:
3788:
3724:
3686:
3660:
3510:
3372:
3301:
3231:
3163:
2940:
2789:
2684:
2635:
2628:
2570:
2549:
2437:
2416:
2365:
2337:
2314:
2189:
2113:
2106:
2061:
2026:
2010:
2003:
1954:
1923:
1865:
1783:
1732:
1709:
1684:
1665:
1658:
1634:
1627:
1551:
1462:
1380:
1325:
1318:
599:
materials : Stainless steel, kevlar, aluminium
587:
Total on-orbit mass 12,800 kg (28,219 lb)
402:overall design, verification and integration. The
120:
100:
84:
74:
69:
1270:"A new European science laboratory in Earth orbit"
999:"A new European science laboratory in Earth orbit"
805:"Station arm pulls Columbus module from cargo bay"
2398:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
1207:
1205:
584:Total payload mass 2,500 kg (5,512 lb)
1166:"EUTEF – European Technology Exposure Facility"
566:module (right) pictured with the Space Shuttle
2408:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
772:European Transportation Carrier (ISS Facility)
476:orbiter for launch on ISS assembly flight 1E (
5024:Components of the International Space Station
4678:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
4379:
3621:
2288:
1840:
1295:
917:"Shuttle Launch Now Targeted For 2nd January"
8:
699:The first external payloads were mounted on
472:, and installed into the payload bay of the
173:is a science laboratory that is part of the
32:
1040:Giuseppe Reibaldi; et al. (May 2005).
581:Total mass: 10,300 kg (22,708 lb)
424:, Germany, from where it was sent to NASA.
4782:
4617:
4457:
4386:
4372:
4364:
3628:
3614:
3606:
2632:
2616:
2557:European Launcher Development Organisation
2311:
2295:
2281:
2273:
2110:
2007:
1847:
1833:
1825:
1662:
1631:
1322:
1302:
1288:
1280:
993:
991:
634:The laboratory can accommodate ten active
40:
5039:Spacecraft launched by the Space Shuttle
795:
750:(EDRS) Communications Terminal, Ka-band
446:s payload bay in preparation for launch
4947:Space stations and habitats in fiction
4942:List of films featuring space stations
4865:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
1543:Window Observational Research Facility
1219:from the original on 27 September 2018
726:Planned additional external payloads:
31:
2519:Space Situational Awareness Programme
1251:ESA: Technical specifications of the
1168:. Carlo Gavazzi Space. Archived from
803:Harwood, William (11 February 2008).
708:European Technology Exposure Facility
539:shape is very similar to that of the
7:
3566:
2562:European Space Research Organisation
2378:Space Research and Technology Centre
1190:from the original on 22 October 2020
1113:from the original on 1 February 2020
1058:from the original on 1 February 2020
867:from the original on 22 October 2020
778:Columbus – External Payload Facility
742:Atmosphere-Space Interaction Monitor
636:International Standard Payload Racks
275:The European Space Agency has spent
3590:
1213:"NASA calls time on ISS-RapidScat"
1016:"The European Columbus Laboratory"
976:from the original on 21 April 2019
25:
4431:International Space Station (ISS)
4415:List of commercial space stations
1146:from the original on 4 March 2016
950:from the original on 4 March 2016
897:from the original on 26 July 2011
578:Diameter: 4.5 m (15 ft)
470:Space Station Processing Facility
396:EADS Astrium Space Transportation
4633:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
4444:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3554:
3553:
2383:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
2256:
1809:
1808:
1745:Centrifuge Accommodations Module
1618:
606:Research activities and payloads
457:docked to the starboard side of
4793:Russian Orbital Service Station
1719:Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules
919:. December 2007. Archived from
811:from the original on 7 May 2016
541:Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules
428:Launch, berthing and outfitting
3402:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
2214:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
1941:German Space Operations Center
1495:International Docking Adapters
731:Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space
612:Scientific research on the ISS
297:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
258:German Space Operations Center
248:on 7 February 2008, on flight
200:laboratory was constructed in
1:
1097:"ESA's ISS External Payloads"
748:European Data Relay Satellite
575:Length: 7 m (23 ft)
4860:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
4648:Exploration Gateway Platform
4436:Tiangong space station (TSS)
2197:European Retrievable Carrier
714:Solar Monitoring Observatory
5029:Spacecraft launched in 2008
2140:International Space Station
1532:Pressurized Mating Adapters
1312:International Space Station
1020:DLR German Aerospace Center
679:European Physiology Modules
490:Space Shuttle External Tank
488:During cryo-filling of the
374:on board an Airbus Beluga.
175:International Space Station
79:International Space Station
5055:
4663:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
3472:Mars sample return mission
3292:European Data Relay System
2972:Meteosat Second Generation
2885:James Webb Space Telescope
2747:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2429:European Data Relay System
2403:Concurrent Design Facility
1500:Integrated Truss Structure
1490:ExPRESS Logistics Carriers
1485:External Stowage Platforms
1080:. eoPortal. Archived from
609:
294:
156:One instrument mounted on
4995:
4658:Industrial Space Facility
4442:
4405:
4349:
3545:
3095:Meteosat Third Generation
2954:Meteosat First Generation
2615:
2603:Planetary Science Archive
2388:European Astronaut Centre
2310:
2252:
2240:Tethered Satellite System
1931:European Astronaut Centre
1889:
1804:
1616:
972:. NASA. 26 January 2007.
549:Common Berthing Mechanism
468:was moved out of the KSC
384:External Payload Facility
236:. It was launched aboard
39:
1873:European Astronaut Corps
1791:Manufacturing of the ISS
1765:Universal Docking Module
673:Fluid Science Laboratory
398:as prime contractor for
2514:Living Planet Programme
2373:Space Operations Centre
2046:European Service Module
1936:Columbus Control Centre
1770:Russian Research Module
1510:Mobile Servicing System
622:Columbus Control Center
346:The structure used for
283:2 billion) on building
262:German Aerospace Center
254:Columbus Control Centre
4410:List of space stations
2825:Hubble Space Telescope
2393:Space Astronomy Centre
2202:Hubble Space Telescope
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1760:Science Power Platform
1724:Interim Control Module
831:"ISS: Columbus Module"
807:. Spaceflightnow.com.
661:
590:Construction details:
571:
461:
447:
343:
329:
310:
165:
149:
145:working on outfitting
90:7 February 2008, 19:45
5019:Columbus (ISS module)
4870:Lunar Orbital Station
2622:Projects and missions
2304:European Space Agency
2262:European Space Agency
2062:Retired and cancelled
1967:Concordia winterovers
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1673:Axiom Orbital Segment
1172:on 27 September 2007.
695:European Stowage Rack
656:
562:
545:Space Shuttle orbiter
516:Once at the station,
484:STS-122 launch delays
453:
435:
342:s position on the ISS
335:
316:
304:
179:European Space Agency
155:
141:
3644:Orbital launches in
3222:European Robotic Arm
3066:Sentinel-5 Precursor
2027:Planned and proposed
1955:Earth-based research
1775:Science Power Module
1480:European Robotic Arm
1215:. 28 November 2016.
1186:. 15 February 2020.
690:European Drawer Rack
409:Alcatel Alenia Space
372:Kennedy Space Center
226:Kennedy Space Center
4621:Individual projects
3547:Future missions in
2593:European Space Camp
2324:Guiana Space Centre
2207:Faint Object Camera
1977:European Space Camp
1796:Assembly of the ISS
1755:Crew Return Vehicle
1505:Life Support System
1264:structure completed
784:Bartolomeo facility
279:1.4 billion (about
210:Thales Alenia Space
36:
4988:(2016 documentary)
4985:A Beautiful Planet
4980:(2009 documentary)
4972:(2008 documentary)
4964:(2002 documentary)
4956:(1997 documentary)
4901:McKendree cylinder
4714:Incorporated into
4638:Deep Space Habitat
3397:Ceres Polar Lander
3232:Telecommunications
2107:Mission highlights
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1677:US Deorbit Vehicle
1310:Components of the
662:
593:Wall thickness 4mm
572:
464:In November 2007,
462:
448:
344:
330:
311:
166:
150:
126:11 February 2008 (
5006:
5005:
4969:Orphans of Apollo
4848:
4847:
4774:
4773:
4609:
4608:
4361:
4360:
3865:CUTE-1.7 + APD II
3603:
3602:
3541:
3540:
3159:
3158:
2941:Earth observation
2771:Comet Interceptor
2762:Rosalind Franklin
2734:Trace Gas Orbiter
2685:Planetary science
2611:
2610:
2524:Science Programme
2270:
2269:
2248:
2247:
2102:
2101:
1946:Concordia Station
1859:human spaceflight
1822:
1821:
1750:Habitation Module
1740:Propulsion Module
1705:
1704:
1654:
1653:
1614:
1613:
1475:Electrical System
354:module built for
256:, located at the
136:
135:
70:Module statistics
16:(Redirected from
5046:
4961:Space Station 3D
4916:Space settlement
4906:O'Neill cylinder
4783:
4618:
4561:Tiangong program
4458:
4448:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4365:
4257:Shiyan Weixing 3
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3607:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3569:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3533:Schiaparelli EDM
3392:Calathus Mission
3216:Georges Lemaître
3174:ISS contribution
2633:
2617:
2312:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2260:
2111:
2008:
1878:ISS contribution
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1812:
1811:
1663:
1632:
1622:
1323:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1084:on 26 July 2011.
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
995:
986:
985:
983:
981:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
800:
629:Oberpfaffenhofen
596:welded end cones
445:
350:is based on the
341:
266:Oberpfaffenhofen
241:
132: starboard)
110:
93:
54:
44:
37:
21:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4991:
4930:
4879:
4875:Voyager Station
4844:
4828:
4797:
4770:
4709:
4643:Excalibur Almaz
4605:
4577:
4549:
4528:
4462:
4449:
4440:
4419:
4401:
4392:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4292:
4241:
4184:
4114:
4042:
4007:
3942:
3887:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3784:
3720:
3682:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3604:
3599:
3537:
3506:
3374:
3368:
3349:LISA Pathfinder
3306:
3304:
3297:
3227:
3210:Albert Einstein
3198:Johannes Kepler
3155:
2936:
2794:
2792:
2785:
2680:
2624:
2607:
2566:
2545:
2433:
2412:
2361:
2339:Launch vehicles
2333:
2306:
2301:
2271:
2266:
2244:
2185:
2098:
2057:
2022:
2004:Spacecraft used
1999:
1950:
1919:
1887:
1861:
1853:
1823:
1818:
1800:
1779:
1728:
1711:
1701:
1680:
1650:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1553:
1547:
1458:
1376:
1327:Russian Segment
1314:
1308:
1275:. October 2007.
1272:
1268:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1004:. October 2007.
1001:
997:
996:
989:
979:
977:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
941:
940:
936:
926:
924:
923:on 4 March 2016
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
855:
854:
850:
840:
838:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
802:
801:
797:
792:
768:
618:
608:
557:
536:
514:
494:liquid hydrogen
486:
443:
430:
392:
366:was flown from
362:On 27 May 2006
339:
299:
293:
237:
106:
91:
65:
50:
28:
23:
22:
18:Columbus Module
15:
12:
11:
5:
5052:
5050:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5011:
5010:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4981:
4977:Space Tourists
4973:
4965:
4957:
4953:Mission to Mir
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4921:Stanford torus
4918:
4913:
4911:Rotating wheel
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4780:
4779:In development
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:Space Station
4720:
4718:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Aurora Station
4624:
4622:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4466:
4464:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4395:Space stations
4393:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:Crewed flights
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4330:
4325:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4288:Progress M-01M
4285:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4210:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4165:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3970:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3928:
3923:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3754:Spacelab MD002
3737:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3678:Ekspress AM-33
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Darwin Mission
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3357:(2019–present)
3352:
3346:
3340:
3339:(2013–present)
3334:
3333:(2009–present)
3328:
3322:
3321:(2001–present)
3316:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:(2016–present)
3289:
3284:
3283:(2014–present)
3278:
3277:(2011–present)
3272:
3271:(2010–present)
3266:
3265:(2008–present)
3260:
3259:(2005–present)
3254:
3253:(2001–present)
3248:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3204:Edoardo Amaldi
3201:
3195:
3194:(2010–present)
3189:
3183:
3182:(2008–present)
3177:
3176:(1998–present)
3170:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3074:(2018–present)
3069:
3068:(2017–present)
3063:
3062:(2016–present)
3049:
3048:(2015–present)
3031:
3030:(2014–present)
3017:
3016:(2013–present)
3011:
3010:(2010–present)
3005:
3004:(2009–present)
2999:
2993:
2992:(2006–present)
2987:
2981:
2975:
2974:(2002–present)
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2950:(1988–present)
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2893:(2023–present)
2888:
2887:(2021–present)
2882:
2881:(2019–present)
2876:
2875:(2013–present)
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2851:(2002–present)
2846:
2845:(1999–present)
2840:
2834:
2828:
2827:(1990–present)
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:(2018–present)
2738:
2737:(2016–present)
2729:
2723:
2713:
2712:(2003–present)
2707:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2669:(2020–present)
2664:
2658:
2657:(1995–present)
2652:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:ESA Television
2580:
2574:
2572:
2571:Related topics
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2537:
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2516:
2511:
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2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2474:
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2454:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2417:Communications
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2148:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2117:
2115:
2114:Space stations
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1854:
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1851:
1844:
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1816:
1805:
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1772:
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1736:
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1727:
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1721:
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1713:
1707:
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1603:
1598:
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1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:Bishop airlock
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
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1360:
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1315:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1237:
1236:External links
1234:
1231:
1230:
1201:
1175:
1157:
1124:
1087:
1069:
1032:
1007:
987:
961:
934:
908:
878:
848:
822:
794:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
781:
780:(Columbus-EPF)
775:
767:
764:
752:
751:
745:
739:
734:
724:
723:
722:(NASA payload)
717:
711:
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682:
676:
607:
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603:
602:
601:
600:
597:
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579:
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556:
555:Specifications
553:
535:
532:
513:
510:
485:
482:
429:
426:
391:
388:
323:Bremen airport
295:Main article:
292:
289:
260:, part of the
134:
133:
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118:
117:
104:
102:Launch vehicle
98:
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13:
10:
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3:
2:
5051:
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5032:
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5027:
5025:
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5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5000:
4994:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4979:
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4974:
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4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
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4940:
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4937:
4933:
4927:
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4922:
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4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:Bernal sphere
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4840:Lunar Gateway
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:International
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Axiom Station
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
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4533:United States
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4498:
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4493:
4491:
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4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
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4468:
4467:
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4459:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4355:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4278:Leonardo MPLM
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:Chuang Xin 1B
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4213:Chandrayaan-1
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Progress M-65
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:Inmarsat-4 F3
4087:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
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3951:
3949:
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3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Progress M-64
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Tianlian I-01
3820:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
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3776:
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3771:
3768:
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3755:
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3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:Progress M-63
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3654:
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3619:
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3612:
3611:
3608:
3596:
3588:
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3561:
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3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
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3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3305:demonstrators
3300:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
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3050:
3047:
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3039:
3035:
3032:
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3025:
3021:
3018:
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3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
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2835:
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2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2791:Astronomy and
2788:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2726:Venus Express
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:Solar Orbiter
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:Solar physics
2634:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
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2591:
2589:
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2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
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2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:Cosmic Vision
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
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2522:
2520:
2517:
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2507:
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2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2232:Deutschland-2
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:Deutschland-1
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
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2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
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2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2094:Space Shuttle
2092:
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2087:
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2072:
2070:
2067:
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2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
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1607:
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1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:Boom Assembly
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
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1468:
1467:
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1455:
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1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
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1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
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1383:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
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1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
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1317:
1313:
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1300:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1271:
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1258:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1240:
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1218:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1000:
994:
992:
988:
975:
971:
965:
962:
949:
945:
942:NASA (2007).
938:
935:
922:
918:
912:
909:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
866:
862:
858:
852:
849:
837:. 7 June 2012
836:
832:
826:
823:
810:
806:
799:
796:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:spaceflight.
761:
757:
756:ISS-RapidScat
749:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
727:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
704:
702:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
669:
667:
660:
655:
651:
649:
644:
641:
637:
632:
630:
627:
623:
617:
613:
605:
598:
595:
592:
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
533:
531:
529:
528:
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
502:
499:
498:liquid oxygen
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:
456:
452:
442:
439:installed in
438:
434:
427:
425:
423:
418:
414:
410:
405:
401:
397:
389:
387:
385:
381:
375:
373:
370:, Germany to
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
349:
338:
334:
328:
327:Airbus Beluga
324:
320:
315:
308:
303:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
240:
239:Space Shuttle
235:
234:Airbus Beluga
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:modules, the
195:
194:
189:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:
163:
159:
154:
148:
144:
143:Hans Schlegel
140:
131:
130:
125:
123:
119:
116:
115:
109:
108:Space Shuttle
105:
103:
99:
96:
89:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:Space Shuttle
48:
43:
38:
35:
30:
19:
5034:Laboratories
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4926:Wet workshop
4819:Orbital Reef
4756:
4750:(ISS module)
4747:
4746:
4739:
4725:
4682:
4521:
4463:Soviet Union
4353:
4323:Eutelsat W2M
4271:
4202:Soyuz TMA-13
4200:
4167:
4130:Huan Jing 1B
4126:Huan Jing 1A
4081:
4073:Superbird-C2
4053:
3998:OSTM/Jason-2
3993:Orbcomm FM41
3989:Orbcomm FM40
3985:Orbcomm FM39
3981:Orbcomm FM38
3977:Orbcomm FM37
3973:Orbcomm FM29
3930:
3797:Soyuz TMA-12
3795:
3739:
3732:
3704:
3698:
3582:
3571:
3558:
3548:
3457:Lunar Lander
3375:and proposed
3360:
3179:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3093:
3085:
3077:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2752:
2733:
2710:Mars Express
2672:
2550:Predecessors
2529:Horizon 2000
2478:
2230:
2223:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2120:
2033:
1991:
1883:ISS research
1643:
1552:Experimental
1451:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1221:. Retrieved
1192:. Retrieved
1178:
1170:the original
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1090:
1082:the original
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1010:
978:. Retrieved
964:
952:. Retrieved
937:
925:. Retrieved
921:the original
911:
899:. Retrieved
881:
869:. Retrieved
860:
851:
839:. Retrieved
835:eoportal.org
834:
825:
813:. Retrieved
798:
760:SpaceX CRS-4
754:In 2014 the
753:
725:
700:
698:
665:
663:
647:
645:
639:
633:
619:
567:
563:
537:
525:
521:
515:
505:
503:
487:
473:
465:
463:
458:
454:
440:
436:
403:
399:
393:
390:Construction
383:
379:
376:
363:
361:
347:
345:
336:
318:
306:
284:
274:
244:
197:
191:
185:
183:
169:
168:
167:
161:
157:
146:
128:
113:
57:
46:
33:
29:
4896:Bishop Ring
4399:settlements
4341:Kosmos 2449
4337:Kosmos 2448
4333:Kosmos 2447
4309:Kosmos 2446
4267:Kosmos 2445
4163:Kosmos 2444
4159:Kosmos 2243
4155:Kosmos 2442
4055:Trailblazer
4038:Kosmos 2441
4028:EchoStar XI
4023:ProtoStar 1
4003:Kosmos 2440
3917:Kosmos 2439
3913:Kosmos 2438
3909:Kosmos 2437
3832:Cartosat-2A
3817:Star One C2
3746:Kibō ELM-PS
3733:Jules Verne
3595:WikiProject
3467:MarcoPolo-R
3417:Don Quijote
3387:Ariane 5 ME
3351:(2015–2017)
3281:Galileo FOC
3275:Galileo IOV
3247:(1989–1993)
3186:Jules Verne
3167:spaceflight
2998:(2009–2013)
2986:(2003–2007)
2984:Double Star
2980:(2002–2012)
2968:(1995–2011)
2962:(1991–2000)
2956:(1977–1997)
2869:(2009–2013)
2863:(2009–2013)
2839:(1995–1998)
2821:(1989–1993)
2815:(1983–1986)
2809:(1978–1996)
2803:(1975–1982)
2741:BepiColombo
2728:(2005–2014)
2722:(2004–2016)
2706:(2003–2006)
2700:(1997–2005)
2694:(1985–1992)
2663:(2000–2024)
2651:(1990–2009)
2645:(1977–1987)
2578:Arianespace
2176:Tranquility
2133:Interkosmos
2089:Soyuz TMA-M
1995:Airbus A310
1446:Tranquility
1223:21 December
1150:18 February
927:10 December
901:13 November
570:in May 2011
534:Description
317:Loading of
272:, Germany.
193:Tranquility
86:Launch date
49:as seen by
5013:Categories
4705:Tiangong-3
4668:Nautilus-X
4571:Tiangong-2
4566:Tiangong-1
4490:Cosmos 557
4328:Fengyun 2E
4319:Hot Bird 9
4227:Shijian 6F
4223:Shijian 6E
4169:Shenzhou 7
4059:NanoSail-D
4033:SAR-Lupe 5
3968:Türksat 3A
3954:ChinaSat 9
3926:Fengyun 3A
3780:SAR-Lupe 4
3775:DirecTV-11
3482:Phootprint
3462:Marco Polo
3303:Technology
3133:MetOp-SG-B
3125:MetOp-SG-A
3101:Sentinel-4
3072:ADM-Aeolus
3052:Sentinel-3
3034:Sentinel-2
3020:Sentinel-1
2948:Copernicus
2843:XMM-Newton
2661:Cluster II
2467:Copernicus
2438:Programmes
2366:Facilities
2316:Spaceports
1924:Facilities
1637:components
1463:Subsystems
1382:US Segment
1255:Laboratory
1246:Laboratory
1117:7 February
1062:27 January
1025:4 February
980:28 January
954:7 December
841:3 February
790:References
610:See also:
492:(ET) with
394:ESA chose
4700:Sundancer
4689:FlexCraft
4684:Skylab II
4237:Venesat-1
4174:Banxing-1
4150:Galaxy 19
4119:September
4067:Explorers
3964:Skynet 5C
3921:Yubileiny
3904:Galaxy 18
3859:Compass-1
3813:Vinasat-1
3668:Thuraya 3
3523:CryoSat-1
3497:STE-QUEST
3432:Eddington
3422:e.Deorbit
3373:Cancelled
3245:Olympus-1
3087:EarthCARE
3008:CryoSat-2
2857:(2006–13)
2833:(1992–93)
2819:Hipparcos
2793:cosmology
2147:programme
2084:Soyuz-TMA
1972:Euro-MARS
1733:Cancelled
1601:PK-3 Plus
1586:ISS-CREAM
1515:Canadarm2
568:Endeavour
518:Canadarm2
228:(KSC) in
184:Like the
58:Endeavour
4884:Concepts
4853:Proposed
4748:Columbus
4740:Columbus
4695:Skylab B
4614:Canceled
4540:OPS 0855
4515:Salyut 7
4510:Salyut 6
4505:Salyut 5
4500:Salyut 4
4495:Salyut 3
4485:Salyut 2
4475:Salyut 1
4461:Russia /
4314:Yaogan 5
4304:Yaogan 4
4297:December
4262:Astra 1M
4246:November
4135:GeoEye-1
3871:Delfi-C3
3841:AAUSat-2
3705:Columbus
3687:February
3584:Wikinews
3560:Category
3180:Columbus
3104:) (2024)
2914:ARRAKIHS
2867:Herschel
2849:INTEGRAL
2779:EnVision
2732:ExoMars
2588:EUMETSAT
2479:Columbus
2472:Sentinel
2352:Ariane 6
2347:Ariane 5
2219:Spacelab
2155:Columbus
2150:Modules
2079:Soyuz-TM
2018:Soyuz-MS
1982:MARS-500
1856:European
1814:Category
1712:hardware
1685:Proposed
1606:SAGE III
1431:Leonardo
1396:Columbus
1319:Orbiting
1262:Columbus
1253:Columbus
1244:Columbus
1217:Archived
1188:Archived
1141:Archived
1108:Archived
1053:Archived
974:Archived
948:Archived
946:. NASA.
895:Archived
865:Archived
815:7 August
809:Archived
766:See also
701:Columbus
666:Columbus
648:Columbus
640:Columbus
564:Columbus
522:Columbus
520:removed
512:Berthing
506:Columbus
474:Atlantis
466:Columbus
455:Columbus
441:Atlantis
437:Columbus
404:Columbus
400:Columbus
380:Columbus
364:Columbus
348:Columbus
337:Columbus
325:into an
319:Columbus
307:Columbus
285:Columbus
245:Atlantis
198:Columbus
170:Columbus
162:Columbus
158:Columbus
147:Columbus
114:Atlantis
47:Columbus
34:Columbus
4935:Related
4824:Starlab
4814:Haven-1
4802:Private
4726:Freedom
4589:Genesis
4582:Private
4424:Current
4273:STS-126
4232:COSMO-3
4189:October
4145:Nimiq-4
4110:Trochia
3937:Kibō PM
3932:STS-124
3877:SEEDS-2
3836:Rubin-8
3827:GIOVE-B
3770:USA-201
3760:USA-200
3741:STS-123
3700:STS-122
3661:January
3572:Commons
3549:italics
3518:Cluster
3502:THESEUS
3487:SOLARIS
3362:PROBA-3
3355:OPS-SAT
3337:PROBA-V
3331:PROBA-2
3319:PROBA-1
3269:HYLAS-1
3263:GIOVE-B
3257:GIOVE-A
3251:Artemis
3079:Biomass
2978:Envisat
2917:(2030s)
2716:Rosetta
2704:SMART-1
2698:Huygens
2649:Ulysses
2629:Science
2504:ExoMars
2494:GALILEO
2484:CryoSat
2445:Artemis
2424:ESTRACK
2329:Esrange
2169:Harmony
2128:Euromir
1987:MELiSSA
1866:General
1784:Related
1666:Planned
1554:devices
1440:airlock
1417:Harmony
1410:Destiny
1357:Rassvet
1350:Prichal
720:MISSE-6
716:(SOLAR)
659:STS-122
527:Harmony
478:STS-122
459:Harmony
321:at the
291:History
250:STS-122
230:Florida
222:Germany
187:Harmony
181:(ESA).
129:Harmony
122:Berthed
75:Part of
63:STS-127
4786:Russia
4653:Galaxy
4545:Skylab
4470:Salyut
4282:PSSC-1
4180:Ratsat
4106:Choros
4094:Tachys
4077:AMC-21
4063:PRESat
4047:August
4019:Badr-6
3883:Amos-3
3853:CanX-6
3847:CanX-2
3808:C/NOFS
3803:ICO G1
3765:AMC-14
3750:Dextre
3716:Kizuna
3711:Thor 5
3673:TecSAR
3653:2009 →
3638:← 2007
3528:GEOS 1
3511:Failed
3477:ODINUS
3447:Hopper
3442:Hermes
3437:EXPERT
3365:(2024)
3345:(2015)
3327:(2007)
3315:(1998)
3241:(1978)
3239:GEOS 2
3224:(2021)
3218:(2014)
3212:(2013)
3206:(2012)
3200:(2011)
3192:Cupola
3188:(2008)
3152:(2027)
3144:(2025)
3136:(2025)
3128:(2025)
3120:(2025)
3112:(2025)
3109:ALTIUS
3090:(2024)
3082:(2024)
2933:(2035)
2925:(2035)
2922:Athena
2909:(2029)
2901:(2026)
2891:Euclid
2879:CHEOPS
2861:Planck
2831:Eureca
2813:EXOSAT
2782:(2031)
2774:(2029)
2766:(2028)
2757:(2024)
2749:(2023)
2720:Philae
2692:Giotto
2677:(2031)
2643:ISEE-2
2457:Aurora
2162:Cupola
2074:Hermes
2053:Skylon
2011:Active
1992:Zero-G
1692:Node 4
1659:Future
1628:Former
1561:AMS-02
1539:cranes
1537:Strela
1520:Dextre
1403:Cupola
1371:Zvezda
1194:2 June
861:Airbus
744:(ASIM)
737:EXPORT
733:(ACES)
685:Biolab
422:Bremen
368:Bremen
270:Munich
232:in an
218:Bremen
92:
4999:Almaz
4758:Mir-2
4673:OPSEK
4554:China
4480:DOS-2
4196:THEOS
4102:Choma
3959:Fermi
3789:April
3725:March
3492:SPICA
3287:EGNOS
3149:FORUM
3141:SMILE
3014:Swarm
2990:MetOp
2966:ERS-2
2960:ERS-1
2906:ARIEL
2898:PLATO
2855:CoRoT
2801:Cos-B
2764:rover
2674:Vigil
2598:GEWEX
2541:Pride
2499:ELIPS
2489:EGNOS
2190:Other
2145:ELIPS
2041:Orion
2035:DC4EU
1962:AMASE
1710:Spare
1697:XBASE
1635:Major
1596:NICER
1566:CALET
1453:Unity
1438:Quest
1364:Zarya
1343:Poisk
1336:Nauka
1273:(PDF)
1260:ESA:
1242:ESA:
1144:(PDF)
1137:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
1100:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
1045:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
871:6 May
774:(ETC)
692:(EDR)
681:(EPM)
675:(FSL)
444:'
417:Italy
413:Turin
340:'
268:near
242:
206:Italy
202:Turin
111:
55:
4742:MTFF
4732:USOS
4454:Past
4397:and
4208:IBEX
4098:Mati
4083:Omid
4012:July
3947:June
3646:2008
3452:LOFT
3427:EChO
3407:CSTS
3382:AIDA
3325:YES2
3117:FLEX
3002:SMOS
2996:GOCE
2930:LISA
2873:Gaia
2754:Hera
2655:SOHO
2509:FLPP
2357:Vega
2069:CSTS
1645:Pirs
1591:MAXI
1581:HDEV
1576:GEDI
1571:CATS
1424:Kibō
1390:BEAM
1225:2016
1196:2020
1152:2013
1119:2007
1064:2007
1027:2023
982:2007
956:2007
929:2007
903:2007
891:NASA
873:2020
843:2023
817:2009
624:(at
614:and
496:and
356:NASA
352:MPLM
309:logo
305:The
281:US$
214:EADS
190:and
4764:ROS
4716:ISS
4523:Mir
4217:MIP
3892:May
3735:ATV
3343:IXV
3313:ARD
3165:ISS
2837:ISO
2807:IUE
2462:ATV
2450:ESM
2122:Mir
1104:ESA
1049:ESA
626:DLR
480:).
411:in
264:in
216:in
208:by
95:UTC
61:on
5015::
4599:II
4339:,
4335:,
4321:,
4280:,
4255:,
4225:,
4161:,
4157:,
4128:,
4108:,
4104:,
4100:,
4096:,
4075:,
4065:,
4061:,
4057:,
4021:,
3991:,
3987:,
3983:,
3979:,
3975:,
3966:,
3919:,
3915:,
3911:,
3874:,
3868:,
3862:,
3856:,
3850:,
3844:,
3838:,
3834:,
3815:,
3752:,
3748:,
3060:3B
3058:/
3056:3A
3054:/
3046:2C
3044:/
3042:2B
3040:/
3038:2A
3036:/
3028:1B
3026:/
3024:1A
3022:/
1204:^
1139:.
1106:.
1102:.
1051:.
1047:.
1018:.
990:^
893:.
889:.
863:.
859:.
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