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get someone else to do something. Al-Anon is specifically designed to help the family member feel better, and that it does quite well, but in terms of influencing change in the loved one , not so well. And, the only reason to make those comparisons ... is simply because there are no other options in our society. So, if you go to a therapist or a clergyman or something and say "my kid is smoking too much pot, and I don't know what to do about it," they are going to send you to Al-Anon or a therapist, or talk to you about getting an intervention . So, those are the options we have in the world.
233:) techniques to assist those with addictions live healthily. Meyers adapted CRA to create CRAFT, which he described as CRA that "works through family members." CRAFT combines CRA with family training to equip concerned significant others (CSOs) of addicts with supportive techniques to encourage their loved ones to commence and continue treatment and provides them with defences against addiction's damaging effects on themselves.
1161:. The study found that all of these approaches were associated with similar improvements in the functioning of concerned significant others and improvements in their relationship quality with the addicts. However, the CRAFT approach was more effective in engaging initially unmotivated problem drinkers in treatment (64%) as compared with the facilitation therapy (13%) and Johnson interventions (30%).
547:"The overarching goals for the strategies for communicating are to help decrease defensiveness on the part of the loved one that you are speaking to, and increase the chances that your message is really going to be heard—so, increasing the ability that you have to really get across the message that you want." In fact, the title of Robert J. Meyers' and Brenda L. Wolfe's book based on CRAFT is,
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helping to engage the substance user who is in denial to submit to treatment. In addition, it is often the substance user who reports that family pressure or influence is the reason sought treatment. Also, CSOs who attend the CRAFT program also benefit by becoming more independent and reducing their depression, anxiety and anger symptoms even if their loved one does not enter treatment.
77:
36:
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family members to get their loved ones into treatment. The rates of success have varied somewhat by study but seem to cluster around 70%. CRAFT is one of the only family-aimed treatments with proven results for getting people with drug or alcohol problems into treatment. The program uses a variety of interventions based on functional assessment including a module to prevent
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When the intervention is actually carried out, it often results in a high rate of engagement in treatment, and yet only a small number of CSOs who begin the program ever follow through with the intervention (Liepman, Nirenberg, & Begin, 1989; Miller et al., 1999), and many report feeling uncomfortable with its confrontational nature” (Barber & Gilbertson, 1997).
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feelings, asking people for help, asking people to give feedback directly to —all of that communicates a sense of engagement, rather than detaching. And, it also communicates a sense of love and caring for your child, which ultimately — even when you're detaching — that's what you have inside, and that's a real ingredient for helping impact someone change."
127:
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based approach), and traditional (Johnson
Institute-style) interventions in which the substance user is confronted by family members and friends during a surprise meeting. While all three approaches have been found to improve family members' functioning and relationship satisfaction, CRAFT has proven
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approach's emphasis upon detaching from the substance abuser is unappealing to many CSOs. On the other end of the spectrum is the
Johnson Institute Intervention: a "surprise party" in which the IP is confronted by family members and a therapist with the objective of getting the IP to enter treatment.
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It "is designed to increase the odds of the substance user who is refusing treatment to enter treatment, as well as improve the lives of the concerned family members. CRAFT "teaches the use of healthy rewards to encourage positive behaviors. Plus, it focuses on helping both the substance user and the
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facilitation (TSF) that randomized 130 caregivers of problem drinkers to receive 12 hours of contact in one of the three conditions. CRAFT and TSF had better retention than the
Johnson Intervention. Consistent with previous studies, participants tended to drop out of the latter intervention in order
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An offshoot of the community reinforcement approach is the community reinforcement approach and family training. This program is designed to help family members of people who use substances feel empowered to engage in treatment. Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) has helped
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live so that they received strong reinforcement for sober behavior from their community, including family, work, and friends. As part of this strategy, the program emphasizes helping clients discover new, enjoyable activities that do not revolve around alcohol, and teaching them the skills necessary
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Dr. Bob Meyers: "Well, the CRAFT technique is a process. We bring in a family member, and what we do is we teach them how to interact differently with the drinker or the drug user. Instead of yelling and screaming when they're using drugs, we tell them to kind of just stay away from them, leave that
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However CRAFT has been adopted by a number of commercial and self-help organisations in the United States. Meyers and the
Treatment Research Institute (TRI) worked with Cadence Online to create a ParentCRAFT course where parents pay a one-off fee for a series of videos presenting the CRAFT process,
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in the early 1970s whilst Azrin was developing the community reinforcement approach, Meyers started to look into using the process in other settings. CRAFT combines CRA with family training, which equips the families and friends of addicts with supportive techniques to encourage their loved ones to
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self-help group (TSG). Caregivers who were assigned to CRAFT attended more sessions than those in TSG and were more likely to complete a full course of counseling during which the persons abusing drugs were far more likely to enter treatment (64% vs 17%). Reductions in drug use occurred during the
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since TFT is a time-limited program intended to "simulate the type of support and guidance... traditionally receive from attending Al-Anon meetings" ) for their impacts on addicts seeking to enter treatment. The finding was that concerned significant others who participated in facilitation therapy
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70% of people who use CRAFT are likely to get their loved into treatment as opposed to 30% of people using an intervention ... . And then, for Al-Anon, you've got like 12% of people getting their loved one into treatment. Now, that's sort of not a fair comparison because Al-Anon is not designed to
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provides a series of videos, eBook, blog, live calls and other services to families of people with addiction based on the CRAFT method. The states of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Mississippi are providing free access for all residents to the Allies in Recovery service. Based in Rhode Island,
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With CRAFT, families/friends (CSOs) are trained in various strategies, including positive reinforcement, various communication skills, and natural consequences. "One of the big pieces that has a lot of influence over all the other strategies is positive communication. "There are seven steps in the
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The
Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) intervention ... method was developed with the belief that since family members can, and do make important contribution in other areas of addiction treatment (i.e. family and couples therapy), that the CSO can play a powerful role in
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person alone. But, then when they're sober—when they're not using drugs—we talk to them ... to tell them how much you love them, how much you care about them, how important they are to the family, and we try to help them pick their spots: when do you talk to them, when do you stay away from them.
284:"CRAFT grew out of the understanding that although individuals who truly need help with substance use problems often are strongly opposed to treatment. On the other hand, the concerned significant others (CSOs) of the people who use substances are commonly highly motivated to get help for them."
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Accept
Partial Responsibility – This step "is really designed to decrease defensiveness on the part of your loved one. ... It's not about accepting responsibility for things you are not responsible for. ... direct you towards the piece that you can own for yourself. ... what you can take
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Dr. Nicole
Kosanke: "Of course, all of us get to the point of frustration, ... it's pretty hard not to if you're dealing with a situation like this with your child. So, at times, yes, you're going to be frustrated and put your hands up. But, as a general rule, staying engaged and managing your
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Elsewhere Robert Meyers has clarified that Twelve-Step
Facilitation used in the Miller et al’s comparative study of 130 caretakers of problem drinkers was a control group structured to “simulate the kind of care and guidance CSO’s would traditionally receive from attending Al-Anon meetings...
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From the same article on the
American Psychological Association (APA) website about the success of CRAFT in substance use treatment and intervention, these are the success outcomes for persons abusing drugs to enter treatment (the success outcomes were nearly the same as the
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treatments based on confrontation were largely ineffective in decreasing the use of alcohol and other substances (Miller and Wilbourne 2002, Miller et al. 1998). Nate Azrin already was convinced of this back in the early 1970s, when he designed an innovative treatment for
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Dr. Josh King: "I would say this is almost the opposite of detaching. ... is either you can give them the feedback or not the best thing you can do is step away, which I don't agree with. I think when you step away, you have no impact on the ability to make change."
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for those addicted to drugs or alcohol. A study examining addicts who had undergone a classic intervention, known as the Johnson Intervention, found that they had a higher relapse rate than any other method of referral to outpatient Alcohol and Other Drug treatment".
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meetings, she was never able to achieve her most cherished goals of getting my father into treatment and getting him to stay sober". Witnessing this as a child inspired Meyer to seek an approach that was more effective for people with those goals. The origin of
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Kirby, Kimberly C; Marlowe, Douglas B; Festinger, David S; Garvey, Kerry A; LaMonaca, Vincent (1999). "Community reinforcement training for family and significant others of drug abusers: a unilateral intervention to increase treatment entry of drug users".
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Studies in the 1960s clearly demonstrated that even chronically dependent drinkers with access to alcohol could regulate their drinking given sufficient incentives to do so, at least under controlled laboratory conditions (Heather & Robertson, 1983).
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241:"CRA is a time-limited treatment." "In time-limited therapy, a set number of sessions (for example, 16 sessions) or time limit (for example, one year) is decided upon either at the very beginning of therapy or within the early stages of therapy."
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Kirby, K.C.; Marlowe, D.B.; Festinger, D.S.; Garvey, K.A.; LaMonaca, V. (1999). "Community reinforcement training for family and significant others of drug abusers: Aunilateral intervention to increase treatment entry of drug users".
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Note: When the articles states "there was no group x time interaction," it simply means the CRAFT outcome (64%) and the TSF outcome (17%) remained the same over time, even though there was a reduction in drug use during the study.
553:"Consequences being in place is really important and helpful in terms of communicating your message, but it's also really important, maybe even more so, to be consistent in following through with those consequences and rewards."
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Other validated treatment methods include Community Reinforcement and Family Training, or Craft, an approach developed by Robert J. Meyers and described in his book, "Get Your Loved One Sober," with co-author Brenda L.
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study, but there was no group x time interaction. Meyers et al. (2002) replicated and extended those findings with drug users with similar positive effects on engagement of the drug abusing family members in treatment.
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Offer an Understanding Statement – For example, "I appreciate that you have these concerns, ... I understand that you really want to talk right now, and that this feels urgent, ... I would love to be there for
49:
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From an article on the American Psychological Association (APA) website about the success of CRAFT in substance use treatment and intervention, these are the success outcomes for engaging drinkers into treatment:
937:) community reinforcement was particularly effective. A notable component of the program is the non-drinking club. As of 2007, applications of community reinforcement to public policy has become a focus of study.
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CRA can be combined with other treatment methods. For example, ... CRA has recently been combined with motivational interviewing to form an integrated treatment. Similarly, CRA is consistent with involvement in
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as far as engaging loved ones in treatment, though the goal of Al-Anon and Alateen is not to work on the person with substance abuse issues, but to help the person impacted by someone else's substance abuse.
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People enter treatment when the reasons not to use outweigh the reasons to use. And as research has clearly shown, family members can help shift the balance so that the user develops enough reasons to stop.
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aimed at teaching them skills to meet the risks of substance use in their adolescent children. An undisclosed “major share” of the revenues goes to TRI. Meyer’s work was partially funded with a grant from
986:(NIDA), a federally funded organisation aiding scientific research into addiction has supported CRAFT intervention techniques among others. In 2007, CRAFT was being used in 25 clinics in the United States.
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all state that alcoholism is a disease that is demonstrated by brain abnormalities, contrary assessments exist. Dr. Gene Heyman and others assert alcoholism is not a progressive, incurable disease. See
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Miller, William R.; Meyers, Robert J.; Tonigan, J. Scott (1999). "Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members".
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Meyers, Robert J.; Miller, William R.; Smith, Jane Ellen; Tonigan, J. Scott (2002). "A randomized trial of two methods for engaging treatment-refusing drug users through concerned significant others".
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Dutcher, L. W., Anderson, R., Moore, M., Luna-Anderson, C., Meyers, R.J., Delaney, Harold D., and Smith, J.E. (2009). Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT): An Effectiveness Study.
55:
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Miller, W.R.; Meyers, R.J.; Tonigan, J.S. (1999). "Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members".
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that focused on people who use other substances, family members receiving CRAFT successfully engaged 74 percent of initially unmotivated drug users in treatment (Meyers et al. 1999)."
1111:. Results indicated that CRAFT was considerably more successful in getting the persons with substance abuse into treatment and reducing their alcohol consumption in comparison to the
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that we're really talking about. We're talking about the community having an impact on your child in a global sense. to impact that person's motivation in a more healthy direction."
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Dr. Nicole Kosanke: "In situation, you're also inviting the community to have an impact on your child. CRAFT stands for 'Community Reinforcement and Family Training.' It's the
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The community reinforcement approach was developed by Nathan Azrin in the early 1970s and has considerable research supporting its effectiveness in working with addicts.
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to avoid the family confrontation with the drinker. The CRAFT intervention also engaged substantially more drinkers into treatment (64% vs 23% Johnson and 13% TSF).
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to run a couple of scientific studies, where we've actually proven that my CRAFT intervention is much more powerful than anything that is used out there currently."
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Meyers, R.J.; Miller, W.R.; Hill, D.E.; Tonigan, J.S. (1999). "Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT): Engaging unmotivated drug users in treatment".
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When a loved one is abusing substances and refusing to get help, CRAFT is designed to help families learn practical and effective ways to accomplish three goals:
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compliance component were abstinent an average of 97% of the days during the last month of the 6-month followup, whereas clients treated with a combination of a
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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engaged 29.0% of addicts into treatment, whereas those who went through CRAFT engaged 67.2%. Another study compared CRAFT, Al-Anon facilitation therapy and a
1058:: People who adopt experience a variety of results. Some do indeed arrive at the point where they know that letting go is the only way of moving forward.
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developed the CRAFT program to teach families how to impact their loved one while avoiding both detachment and confrontation, the respective strategies of
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Community reinforcement has both efficacy and effectiveness data. Started in the 1970s, community reinforcement approach is a comprehensive program using
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Robert J. Meyers, PhD wrote about the influence that concerned family members have in treatment of the substance user, and the benefits for themselves:
1246:(ABCT) also has an interest group in behavior analysis, which focuses on clinical behavior analysis. In addition, ABCT has a special interest group on
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Purvis, G., and MacInnis, D.M. (2009). Implementation of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) in a Long-Standing Addictions Outpatient Clinic.
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can have a positive impact on the person using substances. The CRAFT program has been demonstrated in Meyers' research to be more effective than the
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880:, CRA helps people rearrange their lifestyles so that healthy, drug-free living becomes rewarding and thereby competes with alcohol and drug use."
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Dr. Josh King, Psy. D., Center for Motivation and Change (CMC), and Dr. Nicole Kosanke, PhD, Director of Evaluations and Family Services at CMC.
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Dr. Josh King, Psy. D., Center for Motivation and Change (CMC), and Dr. Nicole Kosanke, PhD, Director of Evaluations and Family Services at CMC.
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Dr. Josh King, Psy. D., Center for Motivation and Change (CMC), and Dr. Nicole Kosanke, PhD, Director of Evaluations and Family Services at CMC.
941:"The Community Reinforcement Approach has also been found to be effective in outpatient setting. In one study, clients treated with CRA and the
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Resources Education Support Together (REST) is a peer-led mutual aid group that uses CRAFT and the Allies in Recovery service for its members.
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1878:"The Johnson intervention and relapse during outpatient treatment". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 22.n3 (August 1996): pp36
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Mallams, J.H.; Godley, M.D.; Hall, G.M.; Meyers, R.J. (1982). "A social-systems approach to resocializing alcoholics in the community".
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Azrin, N.H.; Sisson, R.W.; Meyers, R.J.; Godley, M.D. (1982). "Alcoholism treatment by disulfiram and community reinforcement therapy".
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Even the most extreme "disease model" programs that profess solely neurochemical origins of addiction ultimately rely upon the client's
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Meyers, R.J., Smith, J.E. & Lash, D.N. (2005): A Program for Engaging Treatment-Refusing Substance Abusers into Treatment: CRAFT.
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Meyers, RJ & Wolfe, B. (2004) Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternative to Nagging, Pleading and Threatening by Meyers, Hazelden Press
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Smith, J.E.; Milford, J.L.; Meyers, R.J. (2004). "CRA and CRAFT: Behavioral Approaches to Treating Substance-Abusing Individuals".
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Smith, J.E. & Meyers, R.J. (2004) Motivating Substance Abusers to Enter Treatment: Working with Family Members; Guilford Press
872:(CRA) was "originally developed for individuals with alcohol use disorders, has been successfully employed to treat a variety of
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A gentle movement toward long-term abstinence that begins with a client's agreement to sample a time-limited period of abstinence.
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908:: the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA). Azrin believed that it was necessary to alter the environment in which people with
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The work of Robert Meyers' CRAFT Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training program ... differs significantly from
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no one enters treatment until they "hit bottom" so using CRAFT while your loved one is still functioning is a waste of time.
818:, wrote in an introduction to one of his books that "although my mother was blessed by the support and comfort she found in
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756:, with less negative side-effects and better outcomes, whether or not the person using substances enters treatment.
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Interviewer: "So, if you can, explain us a little bit about how the CRAFT technique works. What's it all about?"
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begin and continue treatment and provides them with defences against addiction's damaging effects on loved ones.
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to be significantly more effective in engaging loved ones in comparison to the Johnson Institute Intervention or
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husband, brother, or father and randomly assigned them either to an early version of CRAFT or to a traditional
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The CRAFT program uses a variety of interventions based on functional assessment including a module to prevent
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1623:(video). The Center for Motivation and Change (CMC). Event occurs at 0:30 to 1:06, 1:15 to 1:18, 7:35 to 8:21
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1042:. Partners are trained to use positive reinforcement, various communication skills and natural consequences.
961:, an average of only 45% of the comparable days were abstinent (Azrin, Sisson, Meyers, & Godley, 1982)."
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2187:"Community Reinforcement and the Dissemination of Evidence-based Practice: Implications for Public Policy"
2007:
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The following CRA procedures and descriptions are from Meyers, Roozen, and Smith for the substance user:
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group. Miller et al. (1999) conducted a controlled comparison of CRAFT, the Johnson Intervention, and
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compliance training were abstinent an average of 74% of the days. For those clients who received a
1595:(video). The Center for Motivation and Change (CMC). Event occurs at 2:41 to 3:26, 12:12 to 12:30
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Foote, Jeff; Manuel, Jennifer K. (2009). "Adapting the CRAFT approach for use in group therapy".
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Smith, Campos-Melady and Meyers describe the Johnson intervention as uncomfortable for many CSOs:
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2220:. The Journal for Behavior Analysis in Sports, Fitness and Medicine, 2009 Vol 2, Issue 1, (Spr)
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490:"So, it takes a little bit of time, but we've been very successful here, being funded by the
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https://www.abainternational.org/constituents/special-interests/special-interest-groups.aspx
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253:(A-CRA) is CRA that "targets adolescents with substance use problems and their caregivers."
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273:. CRAFT is aimed at the families and friends of treatment-refusing individuals who have a
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1789:(3). International Association of Motivational Interviewing Trainers: 2–6. Archived from
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Hunt, G.M.; Azrin, N.H. (1973). "A community-reinforcement approach to alcoholism".
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counselors. The adoption of evidence-based treatments have been slow. Instead, many
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the substance users' behavior by changing the way the family interacts with them."
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1701:(video). The Center for Motivation and Change (CMC). Event occurs at 5:59 to 8:17
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Kirby et al. (1999) randomly assigned 32 caregivers of drug users to CRAFT or a
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based on a functional assessment of a client's drinking behavior and the use of
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1974). Thus it was no surprise that, many years later, research discovered that
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Journal of Behavior Analysis of Sports, Health, Fitness and Behavioral Medicine
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Journal of Behavior Analysis of Sports, Health Fitness and Behavioral Medicine
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Journal of Behavior Analysis of Sports, Health Fitness and Behavioral Medicine
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treatments were delivered one-on-one and included up to 12 hours of therapy.”
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Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternatives to Nagging, Pleading, and Threatening.
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Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternatives to Nagging, Pleading, and Threatening
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Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternatives to Nagging, Pleading, and Threatening
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Smith, Jane Ellen; Campos-Melady, Marita; Meyers, Robert J. (Spring 2009).
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Although the majority of medical and legal professional bodies such as the
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Explore the positive and negative consequences of a client's substance use.
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Parent CRAFT – Online Video Course developed by Robert J. Meyers, PhD
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Miller, William R.; Meyers, Robert J.; Hiller-Sturmhöfel, Susanne (1999).
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Provide opportunities to sample new social and recreational activities.
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Research suggests that CRAFT has had greater success than the Johnson
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To say that choice is involved in addictive behavior say that it is
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Journal of Behavior Analysis in Health, Sports, Fitness and Medicine
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which is of interest to the following professional organisations.
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Improve the interaction between the client and his or her partner.
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CRAFT is currently being used in 25 clinics in the United States.
1779:"Toward a Motivational Definition and Understanding of Addiction"
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1343:"The Community Reinforcement Approach: An Update of the Evidence"
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Meyers, Robert J.; Roozen, Hendrik G.; Smith, Jane Ellen (2011).
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683:"Toward a Motivational Definition and Understanding of Addiction"
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CRAFT model for implementing positive communication strategies."
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1353:(4). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: 380–8.
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in that it is a behavioral program which advocates that the CSO
300:(CSOs) – the relevant family members and friends of the IP.
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The Community Reinforcement Approach: An Update of the Evidence
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Milford, Jaime L.; Austin, Julia L.; Ellen Smith, Jane (2007).
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As of 2009, CRAFT and CRA programs were not widespread amongst
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Establish meaningful, objective goals in client-selected areas.
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Teach three basic skills through instruction and role-playing:
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CRAFT Series Part 3: Negative Consequences vs Detaching (4/5)
1064:: As always, the most important objective is to remain safe.
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Establish highly specified methods for obtaining those goals.
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Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT)
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http://www.abct.org/Members/?m=mMembers&fa=SIG_LinkToAll
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Meyers, Robert J.; Wolfe, Brenda L. (2004). "The Road Map".
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International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy
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Meyers, Robert J.; Wolfe, Brenda L. (2004). "The Program".
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responsibility for are the ways that you communicate," etc.
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Provide basic steps for obtaining and keeping a valued job.
2637:(5). American Psychological Association (APA): 1182–1185.
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CRAFT Series: Positive Communication When You're Angry 2/3
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CRAFT Series: Positive Communication When You're Angry 1/3
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to be an ineffective method for modifying human behavior (
772:"There are questions about the long-term effectiveness of
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Sisson and Azrin (1986) recruited 12 adult women with an
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2709:(5). American Psychological Association (APA): 688–697.
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published in the Alcohol Research and Health journal by
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Teach clients how to anticipate and cope with a relapse.
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2601:. Hazelden Publishing. p. A Note From Bob Meyers.
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Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
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Dr. Bob Meyers, PhD: "CRAFT Technique" Creator (2007).
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
144:
2809:
SMART Recovery Family, Friends, and Addiction Recovery
2218:"Adapting the CRAFT approach for use in group therapy"
1909:
1907:
929:
to achieve a goal of non-drinking. When combined with
2736:"Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT)"
380:
Tools: Happiness Scale, and Goals of Counseling form.
2776:
Adapting the CRAFT approach for use in group therapy
2279:
Getting an Addict into Treatment: The CRAFT Approach
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
708:
for a full discussion. The diagnostic assessment of
351:
Explore the antecedents of a client's substance use.
217:
in the early 1970s whilst he was developing his own
191:
Community reinforcement approach and family training
18:
Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training
883:CRA was designed by Nate Azrin in the early 1970s:
827:“Drs. Robert J. Meyers and Jane Ellen Smith of the
505:
452:
Teach clients how to identify high-risk situations.
2788:at Drug & Alcohol Rehab Asia (DARA), Thailand
1740:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
1301:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
1244:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
1974:
1972:
1970:
1783:Motivational Interviewing Newsletter for Trainers
1612:
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1070:Drs. Robert J. Meyers and Brenda L. Wolfe, from
887:“The most influential behaviorist of all times,
287:In the model, the following key terms are used:
1718:
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1233:Association for Behavior Analysis International
1191:
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398:Break overwhelming problems into smaller ones.
2703:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
2631:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
2451:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
730:SMART Recovery, section: Family & Friends
316:Reduce their loved one's alcohol and drug use
147:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
2354:. Resources Education Support Together. 2020
2352:"REST: Resources Education Support Together"
2238:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1955:. The Center for Motivation and Change (CMC)
1457:
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1419:(1). Behavior Analyst Online. Archived from
2568:
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2373:
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2369:
250:Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach
87:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2794:at the American Psychological Association
1747:
1448:. United Kingdom: Brighton Therapy Works.
1358:
1094:13% – Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF)
1018:Dr. Nicole Kosanke in an online video by
178:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1024:"Intro to CRAFT: CRAFT vs Alternatives "
712:in someone can include an assessment of
664:abstinence (Milam & Ketcham, 1981).
1464:"CRAFT: An Alternative to Intervention"
1322:
1235:(ABAI) has a special interest group in
913:for participating in those activities.”
612:"CRAFT: An Alternative to Intervention"
319:Simultaneously improve their own lives.
269:. It is reward-based—that is, based on
2231:
2065:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2058:
1725:"The Community-Reinforcement Approach"
1677:
1667:
1211:"In a parallel study sponsored by the
982:model with less research support. The
638:"The Community-Reinforcement Approach"
313:Move their loved one toward treatment,
213:in the late 1970s. Meyers worked with
2302:
2300:
1920:. Hazelden Publishing. p. xvii.
1020:cmc: Center for Motivation and Change
583:cmc: Center for Motivation and Change
138:too many or overly lengthy quotations
7:
2576:. American Psychological Association
1148:(TFT), (not to be confused with the
1033:CRAFT compared with other approaches
814:who developed the CRAFT approach to
636:From William R. Miller, PhD, et al.
587:"Negative Consequences vs Detaching"
84:This article contains wording that
2595:Meyers, R.J.; Wolfe, B.L. (2009).
2006:JANE E. BRODY (February 4, 2013).
1914:Meyers, R.J.; Wolfe, B.L. (2009).
1890:"An underappreciated intervention"
1266:American Psychological Association
1146:Twelve-step facilitation therapies
933:(a prescribed substance acting as
438:Social and Recreational Counseling
89:without imparting real information
25:
2804:Robert J. Meyers personal website
2762:ABCT special interest groups list
2750:ABAI special interest groups list
876:for more than 35 years. Based on
45:This article has multiple issues.
2814:Step Facilitation Therapy Manual
2786:Community Reinforcement Approach
1306:National Institute on Drug Abuse
1213:National Institute on Drug Abuse
1140:One experiment compared the two
1126:
984:National Institute on Drug Abuse
870:community reinforcement approach
347:Functional Analysis of Substance
219:community reinforcement approach
125:
75:
34:
2008:"Effective Addiction Treatment"
1815:Addiction: A Disorder of Choice
957:program and a prescription for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2276:Robert J. Meyers, PhD (2007).
2082:Behaviour Research and Therapy
1165:Intervention for Substance use
417:Identify high-risk situations.
1:
2680:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00022-8
2409:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00022-8
2152:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
1647:. Library of Congress. 2004.
1347:Alcohol Research & Health
492:National Institutes of Health
2129:10.1016/0005-7916(82)90050-7
2094:10.1016/0005-7967(73)90072-7
1446:"Different types of therapy"
1281:Cognitive behavioral therapy
1046:Intervention for Alcohol Use
706:disease theory of alcoholism
697:American Medical Association
610:From Robert J. Meyers, PhD,
504:From an online news clip by
414:Drink/drug refusal training
409:A positive interaction style
298:Concerned Significant Others
2668:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
2643:10.1037/0022-006x.70.5.1182
2397:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
2216:Foote, J. and Manuel, J.K.
1953:www.motivationandchange.com
1732:Alcohol Research and Health
1548:(wmv (Windows Media Video))
656:Motivation & Abstinence
529:Refer to Specific Behaviors
2865:
2715:10.1037/0022-006x.67.5.688
2463:10.1037/0022-006x.67.5.688
2432:Journal of Substance Abuse
2332:. Allies in Recovery. 2020
2263:December 29, 2010, at the
1981:The Behavior Analyst Today
1833:(published October 2010).
1276:Clinical behavior analysis
1237:clinical behavior analysis
1225:clinical behavior analysis
1219:Professional organizations
978:counselors were tied to a
681:From William Miller, PhD,
508:at Robert J. Meyers, PhD:
2674:(1). Elsevier BV: 85–96.
2164:10.15288/jsa.1982.43.1115
1644:LCCN Permalink 2003057149
1296:Intervention (counseling)
693:World Health Organization
596:The "Hitting Bottom" Myth
401:Address smaller problems.
27:Behavior therapy approach
2537:: Hazelden. p. 37.
2527:Get Your Loved One Sober
2496:: Hazelden. p. 11.
2486:Get Your Loved One Sober
1831:Harvard University Press
1812:Heyman, Gene M. (2010).
1777:Miller, William (1998).
1520:www.robertjmeyersphd.com
1144:approaches of CRAFT and
1072:Get Your Loved One Sober
829:University of New Mexico
716:with conditions such as
701:American Bar Association
581:From an online video by
496:University of New Mexico
386:Behavior Skills Training
145:summarize the quotations
1888:Lee, Katherine (2017).
1522:. Robert J. Meyers, PhD
1181:17% – Caregivers'
874:substance use disorders
461:Relationship Counseling
2310:. Cadence Online. 2020
1286:Communal reinforcement
1200:
1132:
1122:
1066:
1014:
1007:CRAFT vs. Alternatives
963:
927:contingency management
923:positive reinforcement
915:
901:substance use disorder
850:
848:facilitation therapy.”
810:Robert J. Meyers, the
791:
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275:substance use disorder
271:positive reinforcement
231:contingency management
2381:, 1 (2), Page 90–100
1894:Monitor on Psychology
1002:Research and outcomes
939:
891:, largely considered
885:
825:
782:
559:Engaging v. Detaching
406:Communication skills
2849:Twelve-step programs
2047:on December 29, 2010
1426:on December 29, 2010
1223:CRAFT is a model of
1172:alcohol use disorder
1159:Johnson intervention
949:program and the CRA
919:operant conditioning
878:operant conditioning
806:Development of CRAFT
675:a matter of choice.
479:Family Communication
420:Teach assertiveness.
227:operant conditioning
2844:Drug rehabilitation
1088:23% – Johnson
966:Recent developments
852:Having worked with
532:Label your Feelings
428:Job Skills Training
2834:Addiction medicine
2330:"Choose Your Plan"
1572:Time: 1:20 to 2:09
1462:Meyers, Robert J.
1189:From the article:
1051:Results and Safety
995:Allies in Recovery
510:"CRAFT Video Clip"
448:Relapse Prevention
370:CRA Treatment Plan
292:Identified Patient
277:. "CRAFT works to
2608:978-1-59285-775-3
2158:(11): 1115–1123.
1927:978-1-59285-775-3
1840:978-0-674-05727-2
1793:on April 19, 2013
1291:Domestic violence
1040:domestic violence
762:domestic violence
722:domestic violence
360:Sobriety Sampling
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16:(Redirected from
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1371:. Archived from
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1178:64% – CRAFT
1150:12-Step programs
1130:
1085:64% – CRAFT
1076:
1028:
935:Aversion therapy
910:alcohol problems
906:alcohol problems
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395:Problem-solving
324:Family influence
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2035:"Archived copy"
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1406:"CRA and CRAFT"
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557:A Conversation:
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1846:January 21,
1819:(paperback)
1797:January 22,
1705:January 23,
1660:January 23,
1627:January 23,
1599:January 23,
1566:January 23,
1562:: KRQE News
1556:Albuquerque
1526:January 20,
1430:January 21,
1379:January 20,
1271:Behaviorism
1185:Group (TSG)
1183:Twelve-step
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1136:Comparisons
980:twelve-step
526:Be Positive
305:Three goals
261:CRAFT is a
257:Description
2823:Categories
2553:2003057149
2512:2003057149
2308:"About Us"
1742:: 116–21.
1560:New Mexico
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1317:References
1248:addictions
1056:On results
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630:programs.
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