4227:
91:
that enables village signers to communicate without being verbally explicit. Deaf-community signers need to communicate with strangers, and therefore must be more explicit; it is thought this may have the effect of developing or at least speeding up the development of grammatical and other linguistic
46:
people who do not have a common language come together and form a community. This may be a formal situation, such as the establishment of a school for deaf students, or informal, such as migration to cities for employment and the subsequent gathering of deaf people for social purposes. An example of
111:
sign (in families with more than one deaf child), as was the case with
Nicaraguan SL, or they may develop from village sign languages, as appears to have been at least partially the case with American SL, which arose in a school for the deaf where
128:. The following are languages thought to have been established in new deaf communities, without the direct transmission of an existing sign language. There are presumably others; with many sign languages, we have no records of how they formed.
4580:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
78:
in that they tend to be used only by the deaf, at least at first, and most communication is between deaf people. Village sign languages, on the other hand, develop in relatively isolated areas with high incidences of
4482:
543:
518:
4497:
1781:
4487:
3671:
3626:
648:
243:
4518:
3683:
734:
729:
2011:
67:. Nicaraguan SL is now a language of instruction and is recognized as the national sign language; Bamako SL is not, and is threatened by the use of
4395:
4292:
511:
124:
Once a sign language is established, especially if it is a language of education, it may spread and spawn additional languages, such as in the
1034:
443:
569:
97:
4537:
3944:
1148:
4363:
92:
structures in the emerging language. For example, only deaf-community sign languages are known to make abstract and grammatical use of
3990:
3568:
1732:
3939:
2417:
504:
4436:
4046:
4015:
3934:
3583:
2386:
4640:
3737:
2786:
2047:
2021:
888:
4542:
4036:
3929:
3616:
3202:
2256:
1095:
900:
812:
309:
116:
was the language of instruction, but seems to have derived largely from two or three village sign languages of the students.
457:
4456:
3419:
3414:
2326:
1683:
948:
100:, which are developed by the hearing community and only used secondarily by the deaf, and are not independent languages.
4532:
4390:
3678:
3534:
3284:
3035:
2739:
1637:
1526:
1167:
935:
775:
695:
672:
186:
4105:
4059:
3742:
3732:
3322:
2654:
2375:
2363:
2306:
2164:
1827:
1609:
1536:
1305:
1063:
925:
327:
263:
180:
125:
4492:
4180:
4067:
3276:
2924:
1231:
1080:
369:
4602:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
3521:
422:
4175:
4145:
4135:
4120:
4010:
4000:
3709:
3641:
3578:
3435:
3022:
2987:
2964:
2932:
2518:
2501:
2316:
2194:
2129:
2084:
1799:
1720:
1572:
915:
748:
708:
632:
323:
191:
4451:
4302:
4165:
4100:
4063:
4055:
3995:
3980:
3876:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3688:
3516:
3508:
3495:
3472:
3443:
3395:
3226:
3194:
3170:
2801:
2752:
2662:
2512:
2491:
2432:
2392:
2369:
2356:
2321:
2311:
2261:
2221:
2159:
2139:
2057:
2026:
1809:
1247:
1130:
1107:
953:
680:
615:
347:
305:
291:
259:
238:
232:
220:
144:
83:
deafness, where most hearing people have deaf family, so that most signers are hearing. These differences have
48:
3805:
2211:
2176:
1322:
4635:
4547:
4368:
4272:
4201:
4170:
4160:
4115:
4110:
4020:
3902:
3868:
3821:
3795:
3779:
3651:
3646:
3330:
3302:
3260:
3210:
3130:
3122:
2969:
2877:
2851:
2721:
2705:
2583:
2506:
2445:
2281:
2094:
2089:
2078:
2067:
1789:
1554:
1549:
1403:
1383:
1207:
1117:
1102:
993:
667:
661:
655:
621:
435:
301:
297:
279:
4589:
both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
3064:
1994:
1986:
4582:
4562:
4287:
4155:
4150:
4130:
4125:
3985:
3921:
3855:
3787:
3747:
3701:
3693:
3636:
3631:
3590:
3558:
3529:
3503:
3464:
3369:
3364:
3338:
3242:
3154:
3088:
3072:
3051:
3014:
3006:
2979:
2908:
2900:
2885:
2869:
2861:
2843:
2819:
2809:
2791:
2596:
2567:
2562:
2496:
2397:
2351:
2336:
2296:
2170:
2154:
2149:
2072:
2052:
1956:
1817:
1794:
1691:
1580:
1544:
1505:
1484:
1438:
1424:
1388:
1218:
1162:
1138:
1085:
1075:
1044:
943:
910:
760:
685:
638:
602:
592:
538:
385:
351:
343:
317:
313:
226:
156:
68:
4586:
4342:
4282:
4140:
4005:
3975:
3813:
3656:
3621:
3563:
3487:
3477:
3456:
3384:
3294:
3268:
3255:
3250:
3234:
3178:
3162:
3146:
3080:
3043:
3030:
2956:
2948:
2890:
2796:
2778:
2765:
2734:
2713:
2697:
2678:
2670:
2588:
2470:
2458:
2427:
2422:
2407:
2380:
2346:
2331:
2301:
2266:
2248:
2201:
2119:
2099:
1972:
1653:
1627:
1521:
1500:
1479:
1463:
1408:
1398:
1352:
1182:
1112:
1049:
1024:
985:
977:
963:
958:
895:
847:
765:
713:
626:
608:
597:
390:
373:
365:
361:
355:
287:
283:
255:
197:
168:
162:
132:
75:
4590:
4297:
4041:
3800:
3760:
3722:
3666:
3409:
3404:
3374:
3289:
3218:
3106:
3093:
3059:
2940:
2856:
2835:
2827:
2814:
2729:
2646:
2617:
2604:
2575:
2486:
2465:
2341:
2276:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2062:
2042:
1701:
1696:
1667:
1622:
1617:
1590:
1559:
1393:
1339:
1285:
1226:
1124:
920:
780:
770:
703:
643:
339:
331:
275:
271:
267:
202:
138:
113:
60:
4522:
4466:
4382:
3970:
3860:
3752:
3727:
3661:
3482:
3448:
3427:
3379:
3186:
3138:
3114:
3098:
2916:
2895:
2773:
2638:
2630:
2612:
2437:
2412:
2402:
2291:
2286:
2271:
2206:
2189:
2134:
2124:
1745:
1585:
1458:
1347:
1090:
857:
852:
802:
586:
335:
214:
208:
150:
4513:
4411:
3892:
3717:
2974:
2744:
2625:
2525:
2450:
2144:
1595:
174:
4416:
4077:
449:
439:
4615:
4426:
4421:
4257:
4238:
4552:
4347:
4327:
4206:
96:. Both types of deaf sign language differ from speech-taboo languages such as the various
4461:
4446:
4337:
4322:
4092:
88:
56:
17:
4629:
4431:
4332:
4317:
4312:
3949:
527:
480:
39:
4307:
4252:
418:
414:
429:
4441:
4211:
108:
63:, which emerged among the tea circles of the uneducated deaf in the capital of
4557:
4196:
3539:
3348:
2757:
2231:
1172:
93:
84:
80:
453:
4082:
4051:
3907:
3343:
485:
104:
52:
250:
Other locally developed sign languages which may have formed this way are:
4262:
4221:
4072:
3826:
3897:
489:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
479:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
4526:
3611:
883:
871:
4226:
87:
consequences. Urban deaf communities lack the common knowledge and
4216:
496:
64:
43:
2545:
561:
500:
55:
were brought together for the first time, and received only
229:(school sign; village sign with significant input from FSL)
428:. In Marschark, Marc; Spencer, Patricia Elizabeth (eds.).
431:
Oxford
Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education
4483:
Association of Visual
Language Interpreters of Canada
4506:
4475:
4404:
4381:
4356:
4271:
4237:
4189:
4091:
4029:
3958:
3920:
3885:
3769:
3601:
3311:
2996:
2687:
2552:
2538:
2479:
2035:
2010:
1971:
1954:
1826:
1808:
1780:
1744:
1710:
1682:
1636:
1608:
1571:
1535:
1514:
1493:
1472:
1451:
1417:
1376:
1367:
1337:
1320:
1303:
1264:
1240:
1147:
1062:
1033:
1011:
976:
934:
870:
840:
811:
789:
747:
722:
694:
568:
552:
103:Deaf-community languages may develop directly from
171:(standardization of several community languages)
4498:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
4488:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
512:
244:Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language
8:
177:(urban sign with significant input from ASL)
74:Deaf-community sign languages contrast with
4245:
2542:
1832:
1373:
1155:
1068:
1017:
876:
795:
753:
691:
558:
519:
505:
497:
4293:Manually coded language in South Africa
402:
408:
406:
51:, which emerged when deaf children in
27:Common language created by deaf people
423:"Chapter 18: Emerging sign languages"
7:
98:Aboriginal Australian sign languages
1330:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
2643:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2257:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
25:
194:(school sign, fourteen languages)
4225:
4016:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
4606:
4597:
4575:
4543:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
3627:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2249:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
460:from the original on 2023-01-14
4364:Bilingual–bicultural education
3684:Western Torres Strait Islander
2758:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
735:Western Torres Strait Islander
310:Jamaican Country Sign Language
223:(school sign, seven languages)
1:
3436:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2584:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2446:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2195:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
1702:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
2022:Providence Island (Provisle)
1672:North West Frontier Province
413:Meir, Irit; Sandler, Wendy;
187:Indo-Pakistani Sign Language
3622:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
328:Old Chiangmai Sign Language
264:Guinea-Bissau Sign Language
181:Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language
126:French Sign Language family
4657:
4493:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
3702:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
3632:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
2418:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2272:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
1692:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1086:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
370:Swiss German Sign Language
4571:
4248:
3738:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
2177:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
1987:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
1835:
1394:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1158:
1071:
1020:
889:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
879:
798:
756:
544:List by number of signers
534:
434:. Vol. 2. New York:
324:Old Bangkok Sign Language
246:(Cairns and points north)
192:Sri Lankan sign languages
71:in schools for the deaf.
4303:Paget Gorman Sign System
3757:Samoa and American Samoa
2547:Sign languages by region
2332:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2058:Albarradas Sign Language
2048:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
1881:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
1733:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
1697:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
949:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
563:Sign languages by family
348:Yogyakarta Sign Language
306:Ecuadorian Sign Language
292:Zimbabwean Sign Language
260:Ethiopian sign languages
239:Venezuelan Sign Language
233:Nicaraguan Sign Language
221:Tanzanian sign languages
145:Old French Sign Language
49:Nicaraguan Sign Language
4548:Monastic sign languages
4396:Television shows (list)
4369:Manually coded language
4202:Hamburg Notation System
1995:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1241:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
964:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
901:Northern Ireland (NISL)
436:Oxford University Press
302:Colombian Sign Language
298:Brazilian Sign Language
280:Sudanese sign languages
18:Community sign language
4641:Sign language isolates
4519:CHCI chimpanzee center
4288:Manually coded English
3986:Henniker Sign Language
3652:Warumungu (Warramunga)
3637:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
2631:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
539:List of sign languages
386:List of sign languages
352:Nepalese Sign Language
344:Haiphong Sign Language
318:Chiriqui Sign Language
314:Peruvian Sign Language
227:American Sign Language
157:Japanese Sign Language
69:American Sign Language
4343:Signing Exact English
4283:Indian Signing System
4006:Plateau Sign Language
3380:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
2957:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2487:Amami Shuwa languages
2160:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2100:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2079:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2027:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
1555:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
1527:French Belgian (LSFB)
959:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
391:Village sign language
374:Swedish Sign Language
366:Spanish Sign Language
362:Catalan Sign Language
356:Kurdish Sign Language
288:Zambian Sign Language
284:Ugandan Sign Language
256:Burkina Sign Language
198:Israeli Sign Language
169:Tibetan Sign Language
163:Chinese Sign Language
133:British Sign Language
76:village sign language
4591:French Sign Language
4298:Manually Coded Malay
4106:British (two-handed)
4042:Bimodal bilingualism
3672:Far North Queensland
2980:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2502:Sri Lankan languages
2433:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2337:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
1848:Chaticks si Chaticks
1828:Plains Sign Language
1746:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1248:Indonesian (Bisindo)
926:South African (SASL)
649:Far North Queensland
481:"Deaf Sign Language"
340:Saigon Sign Language
332:Penang Sign Language
276:Maroua Sign Language
272:Libyan Sign Language
268:Kenyan Sign Language
203:Bamako Sign Language
139:German Sign Language
114:French Sign Language
61:Bamako Sign Language
2513:Tanzanian languages
2492:Ethiopian languages
2459:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
1550:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1265:Francophone African
1223:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1081:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1012:Chilean-Paraguayan-
336:Hanoi Sign Language
215:Hausa Sign Language
209:Mbour Sign Language
151:Lyons Sign Language
36:urban sign language
4514:Baby sign language
4412:Jabbar Baghtcheban
3893:International Sign
3796:Brazilian (Libras)
3710:New Zealand (NZSL)
3657:Mudbura (Mudburra)
3585:Sandy River Valley
3564:Keresan (Keresign)
3155:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
2526:International Sign
2507:Sudanese languages
2130:Navajo/Diné Family
1944:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
1782:Original Thai Sign
1560:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1103:Brazilian (Libras)
916:New Zealand (NZSL)
175:Thai Sign Language
107:, or perhaps from
42:that emerges when
4623:
4622:
4616:extinct languages
4538:Legal recognition
4417:Jeanette Berglind
4377:
4376:
4078:Nonmanual feature
3991:Martha's Vineyard
3916:
3915:
3570:Martha's Vineyard
3065:Faroese (Teknmál)
2787:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
2597:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
2534:
2533:
2519:Zimsign languages
2497:Laotian languages
2381:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2140:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2085:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2006:
2005:
1604:
1603:
1447:
1446:
1363:
1362:
1353:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1058:
1057:
986:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
972:
971:
866:
865:
836:
835:
743:
742:
598:Eltye eltyarrenke
578:
577:multiple families
445:978-0-19-539003-2
59:; of the latter,
16:(Redirected from
4648:
4610:
4601:
4579:
4467:Pierre Pélissier
4452:Thomas Gallaudet
4427:Thomas Braidwood
4258:Initialized sign
4246:
4229:
3714:Papua New Guinea
3617:Australian-Irish
3323:Plains Sign Talk
3203:Northern Ireland
3199:Northern Ireland
2722:Hong Kong (HKSL)
2543:
2322:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2237:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2053:Albanian (AlbSL)
1833:
1647:Bangalore-Madras
1628:Israeli (Shassi)
1596:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
1506:Honduran (LESHO)
1374:
1232:Singapore (SgSL)
1168:Black ASL (BASL)
1156:
1096:Australian-Irish
1069:
1018:
994:Hong Kong (HKSL)
954:Portuguese (LGP)
944:Eritrean (EriSL)
877:
796:
754:
692:
576:
559:
521:
514:
507:
498:
491:
490:
475:
469:
468:
466:
465:
427:
410:
21:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4604:
4595:
4573:
4567:
4553:Tactile signing
4502:
4471:
4400:
4373:
4352:
4328:Signed Japanese
4274:
4267:
4240:
4233:
4207:Stokoe notation
4185:
4087:
4047:Phonology (ASL)
4025:
3960:
3954:
3912:
3881:
3780:Argentine (LSA)
3765:
3597:
3420:New Costa Rican
3415:Old Costa Rican
3315:
3313:
3307:
3191:North Macedonia
2992:
2683:
2618:Bamako (LaSiMa)
2548:
2530:
2480:Other groupings
2475:
2327:Old Costa Rican
2302:Burkina (Mossi)
2282:Mauritian (MSL)
2155:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2068:Argentine (LSA)
2031:
2013:
2002:
1967:
1950:
1822:
1804:
1776:
1740:
1706:
1678:
1639:
1632:
1600:
1567:
1537:Danish (Tegnic)
1531:
1510:
1489:
1468:
1443:
1418:Yugoslavic Sign
1413:
1384:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
1369:
1359:
1348:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1333:
1323:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1316:
1299:
1286:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1267:(Françafrosign)
1266:
1260:
1236:
1208:Malaysian (BIM)
1150:
1143:
1118:Valencian (LSV)
1054:
1045:Paraguay (LSPY)
1036:
1029:
1013:
1007:
968:
930:
862:
832:
807:
791:
785:
749:Arab (Ishaaric)
739:
718:
690:
603:Iltyeme iltyeme
574:
571:
564:
554:
548:
530:
525:
495:
494:
478:
476:
472:
463:
461:
446:
425:
412:
411:
404:
399:
382:
122:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4654:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:Sign languages
4628:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4462:William Stokoe
4459:
4454:
4449:
4447:Valerie Sutton
4444:
4439:
4437:Abbé de l'Épée
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4348:Signed Swedish
4345:
4340:
4338:Signed Spanish
4335:
4330:
4325:
4323:Signed Italian
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Serbo-Croatian
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4093:Fingerspelling
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3679:Western Desert
3676:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3530:American (ASL)
3527:
3524:
3522:Old Salvadoran
3519:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Maritime (MSL)
3367:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3339:American (ASL)
3336:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Central Taurus
3282:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3040:United Kingdom
3038:
3036:French Belgian
3033:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2836:Kazakh-Russian
2833:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2740:Indo-Pakistani
2737:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2352:Peruvian (LSP)
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Miyakubo Shuwa
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:Dogon/Douentza
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1957:American (ASL)
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1818:Namibian (NSL)
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1638:Indo-Pakistani
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1485:Tunisian (TSL)
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1439:Yugoslav (YSL)
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:Croatian (HZJ)
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1296:Sierra Leonean
1294:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1219:Filipino (FSL)
1216:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1163:American (ASL)
1159:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1139:Romanian (LSR)
1136:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Algerian (LSA)
1072:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1037:Uruguayan Sign
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1025:Chilean (LSCh)
1021:
1015:
1014:Uruguayan Sign
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
982:
980:
974:
973:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
911:Maritime (MSL)
908:
905:
904:
903:
893:
892:
891:
880:
874:
868:
867:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
844:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
817:
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
799:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
776:Qatari Unified
773:
768:
763:
757:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
726:
724:
723:Zendath Kesign
720:
719:
717:
716:
711:
706:
700:
698:
696:Western Desert
689:
688:
683:
678:
675:
673:Worora Kinship
670:
665:
658:
653:
652:
651:
641:
636:
629:
624:
619:
612:
605:
600:
595:
590:
582:
580:
566:
565:
562:
556:
550:
549:
547:
546:
541:
535:
532:
531:
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
493:
492:
470:
444:
401:
400:
398:
395:
394:
393:
388:
381:
378:
377:
376:
358:
320:
294:
278:, the various
258:, the various
248:
247:
241:
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
195:
189:
184:
178:
172:
166:
160:
154:
148:
142:
136:
135:(urban→school)
121:
118:
89:social context
57:oral education
32:deaf-community
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4653:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:Miscellaneous
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:Organisations
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Laurent Clerc
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Pär Aron Borg
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Signed Polish
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Signed German
4316:
4314:
4313:Signed French
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:Grammar (ASL)
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:International
3884:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:South America
3768:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Rossel Island
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Mount Avejaha
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:Navajo Family
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3526:United States
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:South African
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Yoruban (YSL)
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Bura (Burasl)
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:West African
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Ugandan (USL)
2426:
2424:
2423:Turkish (TİD)
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Spanish (LSE)
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Rossel Island
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:Qahveh Khaneh
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Mount Avejaha
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Maltese (LSM)
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Atgangmuurniq
2188:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:Guinea-Bissau
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2009:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1771:Cepeda Peraza
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:Highland Maya
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1684:Japanese Sign
1681:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Flemish (VGT)
1520:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Mexican (LSM)
1499:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Italian (LIS)
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1409:Russian (РЖЯ)
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Latvian (LSL)
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:Catalan (LSC)
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1050:Uruguay (LSU)
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1010:
997:
996:
995:
992:
991:
989:
988:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
975:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
933:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
906:
902:
899:
898:
897:
896:British (BSL)
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
875:
873:
869:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
839:
828:
825:
822:
819:
818:
816:
814:
810:
804:
801:
800:
797:
794:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
752:
750:
746:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
725:
721:
715:
714:Ngaatjatjarra
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
697:
693:
687:
684:
682:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:
659:
657:
654:
650:
647:
646:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:
613:
611:
610:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:
584:
583:
581:
573:
567:
560:
557:
551:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:Sign language
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
499:
488:
487:
486:Glottolog 3.0
482:
474:
471:
459:
455:
451:
447:
441:
437:
433:
432:
424:
420:
419:Aronoff, Mark
416:
415:Padden, Carol
409:
407:
403:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:(in America)
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
251:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:(school sign)
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
199:
196:
193:
190:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
129:
127:
119:
117:
115:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:the first is
45:
41:
40:sign language
37:
33:
19:
4611:
4605:
4596:
4594:
4574:
4391:Films (list)
4308:Signed Dutch
4253:Contact sign
3698:Hawaii (USA)
3591:
3584:
3569:
3394:
3385:
3277:Swiss-German
2913:Saudi Arabia
2651:South Africa
2385:
2368:
2242:Somali (SSL)
2169:
2077:
2012:Providencia–
1991:Nesilextcl'n
1964:Oneida (OSL)
1926:Tickanwa•tic
1914:Schitsu'umsh
1896:Nųmą́khų́·ki
1810:Paget Gorman
1731:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1675:Punjab-Sindh
1623:Polish (PJM)
1618:German (DGS)
1494:Mexican Sign
1473:Italian Sign
1377:Russian Sign
1340:French (LSF)
1313:Oneida (OSL)
1227:Quebec (LSQ)
1212:Oneida (OSL)
1129:
1125:French (LSF)
978:Chinese Sign
936:Swedish Sign
660:
631:
614:
607:
585:
484:
473:
462:. Retrieved
430:
360:(in Europe)
254:(in Africa)
249:
123:
102:
73:
35:
31:
29:
4533:Open Outcry
4457:Abbé Sicard
4442:Roger Fouts
4273:Signed Oral
4212:SignWriting
4060:Orientation
4030:Linguistics
4011:Pitha Pitha
3706:New Zealand
3642:Manjiljarra
3513:El Salvador
3273:Switzerland
3183:Netherlands
3023:Azerbaijani
2965:Old Bangkok
2905:Philippines
2593:Ivory Coast
2387:Sandy River
2125:Cuban (LSC)
2014:Cayman Sign
1863:Hinono'eino
1854:Coahuilteco
1839:Anishinaabe
1800:Old Bangkok
1721:Old Kentish
1650:Beluchistan
1610:German Sign
1591:Ho Chi Minh
1515:Old Belgian
1459:Dutch (NGT)
1198:Costa Rican
1091:Irish (ISL)
1035:Paraguayan-
826:Palestinian
709:Manjiljarra
704:Kartutjarra
639:Rdaka rdaka
633:Pitha Pitha
109:idioglossic
4630:Categories
4558:Protactile
4197:ASL-phabet
4181:Portuguese
4083:Sign names
4068:Expression
3996:Old French
3981:Kalkutungu
3950:Name signs
3940:Literature
3877:Venezuelan
3851:Inmaculada
3843:Paraguayan
3835:Ecuadorian
3689:Yir Yoront
3540:Protactile
3517:Salvadoran
3509:Panamanian
3496:Nicaraguan
3473:Albarradas
3444:Guatemalan
3401:Costa Rica
3396:Old Cayman
3349:Protactile
3227:Portuguese
3195:Macedonian
3171:Lithuanian
3019:Azerbaijan
2988:Vietnamese
2945:Tajikistan
2933:Sri Lankan
2832:Kazakhstan
2802:Kafr Qasem
2753:Indonesian
2455:Mofu-Gudur
2393:Salvadoran
2370:Rennellese
2357:Inmaculada
2312:Mozambican
2262:Macedonian
2232:Kata Kolok
2222:Kafr Qasim
2181:Creole HSL
1932:Tsuu T'ina
1893:Niitsítapi
1887:Ni Mii Puu
1878:Maagiadawa
1842:Apsáalooke
1768:Trascorral
1452:Dutch Sign
1255:Yogyakarta
1215:Panamanian
1173:Protactile
1131:Old French
1108:Lithuanian
1064:Francosign
681:Yir Yoront
668:Warramunga
616:Kalkutungu
572:Aboriginal
570:Australian
464:2016-11-05
397:References
322:(in Asia)
94:sign space
85:linguistic
81:congenital
4614:indicate
4275:Languages
4176:Ukrainian
4136:Hungarian
4121:Esperanto
4052:Handshape
4021:Warluwara
3961:languages
3945:Profanity
3908:Signalong
3873:Venezuela
3869:Uruguayan
3822:Colombian
3776:Argentina
3647:Warlmanpa
3608:Australia
3546:Blackfeet
3535:Black ASL
3492:Nicaragua
3440:Guatemala
3432:Greenland
3355:Blackfoot
3344:Black ASL
3312:North and
3303:Ukrainian
3261:Valencian
3243:Slovenian
3211:Norwegian
3167:Lithuania
3131:Icelandic
3123:Hungarian
2970:Chiangmai
2941:Taiwanese
2929:Sri Lanka
2925:Singapore
2921:Singapore
2878:Mongolian
2852:Malaysian
2749:Indonesia
2718:Hong Kong
2706:Cambodian
2663:Tanzanian
2539:By region
2095:Bhutanese
1890:Niimíipuu
1872:Karankawa
1795:Hai Phong
1790:Chiangmai
1581:Hai Phong
1573:Viet-Thai
1435:Slovenian
1404:Mongolian
1370:Hungarian
1306:Hand Talk
1273:Ethiopian
1201:Dominican
1195:Cambodian
990:Shanghai
820:Jordanian
813:Levantine
792:Levantine
677:Yan-nhaŋu
662:Warluwara
656:Warlmanpa
622:Miriwoong
477:See also
454:779907637
159:(school?)
120:Languages
105:home sign
53:Nicaragua
4263:Mouthing
4239:Language
4222:ASLwrite
4146:Japanese
4101:American
4073:Mouthing
4064:Movement
4056:Location
4001:Old Kent
3967:Chilmark
3903:Monastic
3856:Peruvian
3839:Paraguay
3827:Provisle
3818:Colombia
3788:Bolivian
3748:Sinasina
3592:Henniker
3552:Cheyenne
3504:Chiriqui
3465:Honduran
3461:Honduras
3331:Belizean
3239:Slovenia
3223:Portugal
3089:Ghardaia
3073:Estonian
3052:Croatian
3015:Austrian
3007:Armenian
2961:Thailand
2909:Filipino
2901:Nepalese
2886:Ghandruk
2874:Mongolia
2870:Maldives
2866:Maldives
2862:Selangor
2848:Malaysia
2820:Miyakubo
2810:Japanese
2792:Ghardaia
2702:Cambodia
2659:Tanzania
2572:Cameroon
2568:Ghardaia
2563:Algerian
2398:Sinasina
2171:Henniker
2150:Ghandruk
2090:Belizean
2073:Armenian
2036:Isolates
1983:Kalispel
1980:A'aninin
1938:Wazhazhe
1935:Umatilla
1917:Shiwinna
1908:Piipaash
1857:Dane-zaa
1851:Cheyenne
1756:Yucatec
1727:Chilmark
1661:Calcutta
1545:Malagasy
1389:Georgian
1293:Nigerian
1290:Moroccan
1279:Ghanaian
1204:Jamaican
1190:Mandalay
1179:Bolivian
1149:American
841:Possible
823:Lebanese
761:Egyptian
627:Mudburra
593:Djingili
555:families
553:Language
458:Archived
421:(2010).
380:See also
165:(school)
4612:Italics
4563:Tic-tac
4405:Persons
4241:contact
4190:Writing
4171:Spanish
4161:Russian
4116:Chilean
4111:Catalan
3976:Jaralde
3959:Extinct
3930:Grammar
3898:Makaton
3865:Uruguay
3831:Ecuador
3814:Chilean
3806:Ka'apor
3784:Bolivia
3602:Oceania
3488:Mexican
3478:Chatino
3457:Haitian
3386:Plateau
3316:America
3314:Central
3299:Ukraine
3295:Turkish
3269:Swedish
3256:Spanish
3251:Catalan
3235:Russian
3179:Russian
3175:Moldova
3163:Latvian
3147:Italian
3135:Ireland
3127:Iceland
3119:Hungary
3103:Germany
3081:Finnish
3077:Finland
3069:Estonia
3056:Denmark
3048:Croatia
3044:British
3031:Flemish
3027:Belgium
3011:Austria
3003:Armenia
2984:Vietnam
2949:Russian
2891:Jhankot
2844:Laotian
2797:Israeli
2779:Kurdish
2766:Persian
2735:Bengali
2714:Chinese
2698:Bengali
2679:Zambian
2671:Ugandan
2635:Senegal
2622:Nigeria
2589:Nanabin
2559:Algeria
2471:Zambian
2347:Persian
2253:Kisindo
2212:Ka'apor
2202:Jhankot
2120:Chatino
1973:Plateau
1955:Mixed,
1947:Wyandot
1941:Wichita
1929:Tháumgá
1911:Ppáⁿkka
1899:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
1875:Liksiyu
1866:Hiraacá
1845:Arikara
1712:Kentish
1654:Bengali
1564:Teknmál
1464:Gambian
1432:Serbian
1429:Kosovar
1368:Austro-
1338:Mixed,
1321:Mixed,
1304:Mixed,
1282:Guinean
1276:Chadian
1252:Jakarta
1183:Burmese
1151:(ASLic)
848:Emirati
766:Kuwaiti
609:Jaralde
217:(urban)
211:(urban)
205:(urban)
183:(urban)
153:(urban)
147:(urban)
141:(urban)
4527:Loulis
4523:Washoe
4357:Others
4156:Polish
4151:Korean
4131:German
4126:French
3971:Diyari
3935:Idioms
3792:Brazil
3761:Samoan
3723:Kailge
3667:Umpila
3612:Auslan
3575:Navajo
3559:Oneida
3555:Ojibwa
3500:Panama
3469:Mexico
3410:Brunca
3405:Bribri
3391:Cayman
3375:Quebec
3365:Oneida
3361:Ojibwa
3335:Canada
3327:Belize
3290:Mardin
3281:Turkey
3265:Sweden
3231:Russia
3219:Polish
3215:Poland
3207:Norway
3159:Latvia
3151:Kosovo
3111:Greece
3107:German
3094:French
3085:France
3060:Danish
2997:Europe
2937:Taiwan
2857:Penang
2828:Korean
2815:Koniya
2783:Israel
2730:Alipur
2694:Bengal
2675:Zambia
2667:Uganda
2647:Somali
2605:Kenyan
2576:Maroua
2553:Africa
2509:(~150)
2342:Penang
2287:M'bour
2277:Mardin
2227:Kailge
2217:Kajana
2186:Inuit
2110:Brunca
2105:Bribri
2063:Alipur
2043:Afghan
1999:Sqeliz
1884:Nakota
1762:Nohkop
1759:Chicán
1668:Nepali
1658:Bombay
1187:Yangon
921:Samoan
907:Fijian
884:Auslan
872:BANZSL
829:Syrian
790:Iraqi–
781:Yemeni
771:Libyan
730:Meriam
644:Umpila
587:Diyari
452:
442:
4383:Media
4141:Irish
3861:Sivia
3810:Chile
3753:Wanib
3728:Mehek
3694:Yolŋu
3662:Ngada
3483:Mayan
3453:Haiti
3449:Mayan
3428:Cuban
3247:Spain
3187:Dutch
3143:Italy
3139:Irish
3115:Greek
3099:Lyons
2953:Tibet
2917:Saudi
2896:Jumla
2882:Nepal
2824:Korea
2806:Japan
2774:Iraqi
2726:India
2710:China
2639:Mbour
2613:Tebul
2601:Kenya
2580:Ghana
2438:Wanib
2413:Tebul
2403:Sivia
2292:Mehek
2207:Jumla
1920:Sioux
1905:Palus
1902:Omaha
1765:Nohya
1664:Delhi
1586:Hanoi
998:Macau
858:Omani
853:Saudi
803:Iraqi
686:Yolŋu
426:(PDF)
38:is a
4585:and
4217:si5s
3847:Peru
3801:Cena
3718:Enga
3549:Cree
3424:Cuba
3358:Cree
2975:Thai
2840:Laos
2770:Iraq
2762:Iran
2745:Naga
2688:Asia
2626:Bura
2609:Mali
2515:(7+)
2317:Naga
2145:Enga
2115:Cena
1923:Taos
1869:Icāk
1860:Diné
1640:Sign
450:OCLC
440:ISBN
65:Mali
44:deaf
4587:BSL
4583:ASL
3922:ASL
34:or
4632::
4607:^c
4598:^b
4593:.
4576:^a
4525:,
4066:/
4062:/
4058:/
4054:/
483:.
456:.
448:.
438:.
417:;
405:^
372:,
368:,
364:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
326:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
262:,
30:A
4618:.
4529:)
4521:(
4230:)
4224:(
579:)
575:(
520:e
513:t
506:v
467:.
20:)
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