456:
926:
941:
911:
2157:
1898:
571:(SED). Other interested people among their friends and families joined them, so that, in the course of time, a little circle of employees (in the education and technical fields) and students (of medicine, language and literature) was formed. In reading the basic texts of Marxist–Leninist social theory they came more and more to the conclusion that a deep gap existed between theory and practice in "
140:
27:
322:
588:, etc.) were read and discussed by this youth group, whose activities spanned across East Germany and which was composed of around 100 young people. Following the dissolution of the Progressive Youth by the East German authorities, the "hardcore" elements of the Progressive Youth formed a KPD/ML cell in 1976.
616:
files, almost a dozen such cells were formed by 1980. The total number of members or supporters of the KPD/ML in East
Germany amounted to three dozen people. In addition, there were about 50 to 60 sympathizers who were in direct personal contact with the above-mentioned circle.
538:. A handful of members who opposed the merge split off and formed many parties in the tradition of Aust's KPD/ML, the most prominent being the Communist International (Marxist–Leninist), the Organization for the Construction of a Communist Workers' Party, and the
599:
Besides the young people, who were the majority within the East German section, some older, battle-hardened comrades joined the section. For instance, Heinz Reiche, who had spent 11 years in Nazi prisons and concentration camps, took part in activities in
591:
In
Rostock, too, an autonomous circle of students was formed with a similar political orientation. Being interested in further ideological inspiration, many of these groups and circles – by themselves – got in touch with various left organizations in
611:
During the following years, the KPD/ML was successful in gaining supporters and organizing them into party cells in East
Germany. These cells were inspired by the cell system of the illegal KPD during the Nazi dictatorship. According to declassified
940:
477:, West Germany, and was centered around the leadership of Ernst Aust. Rival organisations who were similarly named distinguished themselves by calling the KPD/ML the "Roter Morgen Group", after the party's newspaper
44:
925:
2252:
2282:
1145:
910:
523:
Owing to his failing health, Aust resigned as chairman in 1983. Horst-Dieter Koch was elected as the party's new chairman at the conclusion of the fifth party congress on 6 November 1983.
2204:
1595:
1072:
2086:
1977:
550:
At the end of 1975 and beginning of 1976, the foundation by the KPD/ML of its own section in the East
Germany was made public. The corresponding declaration was published in
1193:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2438:
535:
2312:
2232:
505:
2337:
2272:
91:
2403:
1879:
1630:
63:
2443:
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1539:
554:
on 7 February 1976. While the KPD/ML had already been formed in 1968 in West
Germany, the nucleus of the East German section emerged within East Germany itself.
2413:
2317:
70:
2423:
2398:
2393:
2197:
2131:
1453:
2448:
1680:
77:
821:
2032:
1967:
1930:
1403:
1155:
539:
422:
59:
1590:
2408:
2190:
2100:
584:), inspired by, among others, the Black Panthers. Besides the classical authors of Marxism–Leninism, various forbidden texts (of Mao, Stalin, the
508:
later received Aust on 1 June 1975. At its fourth congress in 1978, the KPD/ML adopted a new programme and disassociated itself entirely from the
210:
2071:
1983:
2327:
1640:
1620:
1549:
1269:
1186:
2367:
1670:
2428:
2297:
2237:
2015:
1474:
1304:
1227:
1053:
531:
1675:
1202:
1857:
816:
2054:
1972:
1935:
1872:
2121:
2091:
2042:
1924:
1710:
1660:
1468:
1316:
1221:
1105:"New Revelations about the Activities and Destruction of the GDR Section of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxist-Leninist (KPD/ML)"
567:
got together to study the texts of the classical authors of
Marxism–Leninism independently of the official version propagated by the
84:
2076:
1823:
1529:
1334:
1251:
1179:
875:
768:
110:
2096:
1962:
1940:
845:
568:
2418:
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2277:
2141:
2136:
1827:
1807:
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48:
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1615:
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2010:
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1263:
254:
2352:
2059:
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1413:
1383:
572:
292:
2221:
2105:
1918:
517:
500:. Aust made his first international trip in 1974, travelling to Albania to meet Enver Hoxha in a private audience.
398:
37:
2433:
2332:
1700:
1645:
1563:
557:
In the beginning of the 1970s, some students in the eleventh and twelfth grades at an
Extended Secondary School (
351:
337:
2362:
2287:
2166:
346:
332:
578:
In
Magdeburg, in 1969 and 1970, pupils, students and apprentices got together to form the Progressive Youth (
2081:
1819:
1773:
1492:
1423:
1393:
1310:
1245:
1150:
509:
379:
934:
issue announcing the formation of the East German branch of the
Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist
1769:
1655:
1625:
1559:
1543:
1521:
1480:
1322:
1233:
489:
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1996:
1831:
1777:
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430:
1075:[Status report from the MfS Main Department XXII on the Situation in Spring/Summer 1980].
2182:
2064:
1811:
1685:
1533:
1498:
1407:
1346:
1257:
919:
issue announcing the formation of the
Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist in West Germany
833:
786:
750:
303:
2126:
1781:
1567:
1049:
308:
1815:
406:
272:
1690:
1073:"Sachstandsbericht der MfS-Hauptabteilung XXII über die Situation im Frühjahr/Sommer 1980"
382:
367:
1146:"Wie die kommunistischen APO-Erben das Proletariat suchten und im Establishment landeten"
1397:
1273:
1104:
447:). Former members of the party continued to publish the newspaper until December 2011.
2387:
1665:
1650:
1610:
1427:
601:
414:
410:
1892:
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1437:
1417:
1387:
1371:
390:
386:
1847:: are currently only in the state parliaments of Bavaria and Rhineland-Palatinate.
1039:
950:. The German text in bold reads: "Forbidden in the GDR, confiscated in the West".
2005:
1715:
1510:
1363:
1352:
1296:
593:
564:
501:
466:
426:
155:
26:
1171:
1111:. Translated by Polifka, Herbert; Tyagi, Rajesh. Revolutionary Democracy. 2001
139:
1377:
527:
433:. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800.
418:
402:
163:
2020:
1720:
1211:
856:
804:
714:
321:
277:
262:
1045:
482:
394:
282:
229:
1744:
689:
605:
474:
223:
497:
288:
608:). Reiche had already come into conflict with the SED in the 1950s.
613:
454:
2186:
1861:
1175:
20:
867:
Open list including League of West German Communists members
2253:
Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
1747:; instead, an associated party CSU is participating here.
2283:
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)
372:
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten
131:
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten
481:. The party's headquarters were moved from Hamburg to
2288:
Communist Party Marxists-Leninists (revolutionaries)
2114:
1993:
1950:
1906:
1756:: are currently not in the state parliament of the
1581:
1520:
1461:
1451:
1362:
1295:
1283:
1209:
702:Horst-Dieter Koch replaced Ernst Aust as chairman.
405:, who subsequently became the party's chairman. An
314:
302:
253:
239:
216:
206:
191:
176:
154:
146:
125:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1000:
1743:: does not participate in the state election in
817:People's Front Against Reaction, Fascism and War
506:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
1806:: is currently not in the state parliaments of
60:"Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists"
2343:Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian)
2213:Pro-Albanian communist parties of the Cold War
1793:: is currently not in the state parliament of
596:and with the Albanian embassy in East Berlin.
473:The KPD/ML was founded on 31 December 1968 in
459:KPD/ML graffiti, August 1974. The text reads:
2268:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
2248:Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
2243:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
2198:
1873:
1187:
364:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
128:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
8:
2313:Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)
2233:Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist–Leninists
1768:: is currently not in state parliaments of
579:
558:
460:
2338:Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
2273:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
2278:Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed)
2205:
2191:
2183:
1880:
1866:
1858:
1458:
1292:
1194:
1180:
1172:
1041:Communist and Marxist Parties of the World
320:
138:
122:
540:Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen)
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2439:Political parties disestablished in 1986
2318:Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement
2132:Democratic Women's Federation of Germany
726:
624:
988:
969:
906:
516:. Relations between the KPD/ML and the
496:, and initially oriented itself around
436:The party published a periodical named
2404:1986 disestablishments in West Germany
2328:Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
976:
16:Political party in Germany (1968–1986)
2444:Political parties established in 1968
2298:Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party
2016:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
1968:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1582:Minor parties (without representation
1015:
7:
2414:Defunct communist parties in Germany
2087:National Democratic Party of Germany
2072:Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
1984:Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
1978:National Democratic Party of Germany
526:In 1986, the KPD/ML merged with the
49:adding citations to reliable sources
2399:1976 establishments in East Germany
2394:1968 establishments in West Germany
1973:Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
441:
397:. It was founded in 1968 by former
2238:Workers' Communist Party of France
2122:Free German Trade Union Federation
1925:Social Democratic Party of Germany
520:had significantly cooled by 1984.
14:
2449:Political parties in East Germany
2368:Marxist–Leninist League of Tigray
2172:Political parties in East Germany
1144:Zolling, Peter (14 August 2017).
2424:Außerparlamentarische Opposition
2155:
2097:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1963:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1941:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1896:
939:
924:
909:
846:League of West German Communists
569:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
512:, rejecting in particular Mao's
25:
2142:Peasants Mutual Aid Association
2137:Cultural Association of the GDR
492:(DKP), which it believed to be
36:needs additional citations for
2409:Anti-revisionist organizations
2358:Communist Party of New Zealand
2115:Constituent Mass Organizations
876:North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag
769:North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag
628:
1:
2101:Party of Democratic Socialism
2050:Association of Free Democrats
1994:Parties during and after the
246:
169:Horst-Dieter Koch (from 1983)
2429:Far-left politics in Germany
2303:Union for People's Democracy
1203:Political parties in Germany
2353:Communist Party of Suriname
1126:. No. 24. 24 December 1997.
573:actually existing socialism
532:International Marxist Group
2465:
2222:Party of Labour of Albania
2077:Communist Party of Germany
2033:Christian Democratic Union
1931:Christian Democratic Union
1919:Communist Party of Germany
1616:Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei
1596:Animal Protection Alliance
1097:News and magazine articles
518:Party of Labour of Albania
417:and supported China under
399:Communist Party of Germany
180:31 December 1968
2333:Communist Party of Brazil
2228:
2220:Parties aligned with the
2218:
2150:
1734:
1584:above the district level)
1138:. No. 2. 5 February 1998.
1132:. No. 1. 21 January 1998.
1077:Demokratie statt Diktatur
328:
319:
137:
2363:Communist Party of Benin
2167:Politics of East Germany
2055:Liberal Democratic Party
1936:Liberal Democratic Party
1711:Socialist Equality Party
1038:Hobday, Charles (1986).
347:Politics of East Germany
333:Politics of West Germany
130:
2162:East Germany portal
2092:Social Democratic Party
1477:(15/16; not in Bavaria)
1065:Government publications
536:Unified Socialist Party
510:Chinese Communist Party
488:The KPD/ML opposed the
304:Political position
2419:Defunct Maoist parties
2258:Communist Movement M-L
1824:North Rhine-Westphalia
1671:Marxist–Leninist Party
1656:German Communist Party
1452:Represented in the 16
1289:(96 seats for Germany)
580:
559:
490:German Communist Party
470:
461:
371:
211:United Socialist Party
2060:Free Democratic Party
1606:Basic Income Alliance
946:An advertisement for
604:(a township south of
560:Erweiterte Oberschule
458:
2038:Democratic Awakening
2028:Alliance for Germany
1828:Rhineland-Palatinate
1681:Verjüngungsforschung
1081:Stasi Records Agency
844:Open list including
710:27–29 December 1985
685:16–18 December 1978
445: "Red Morning"
45:improve this article
2043:German Social Union
1997:Peaceful Revolution
1636:Democracy in Motion
1286:European Parliament
1284:Represented in the
1210:Represented in the
514:Three Worlds Theory
431:Sino-Albanian split
2065:German Forum Party
1836:Schleswig-Holstein
1795:Schleswig-Holstein
1554:Schleswig-Holstein
834:Hamburg Parliament
787:Hamburg Parliament
751:Hamburg Parliament
699:4–6 November 1983
647:Founding congress
581:Progressive Jugend
504:, a member of the
471:
413:of Soviet premier
409:party, the KPD/ML
2381:
2380:
2180:
2179:
2127:Free German Youth
1889:Political parties
1855:
1854:
1808:Baden-Württemberg
1577:
1576:
1454:state parliaments
1447:
1446:
1434:Party of Progress
1055:978-0-87436-476-7
889:
888:
720:
719:
644:31 December 1968
462:Die Mauer muß weg
411:upheld the legacy
360:
359:
121:
120:
113:
95:
2456:
2434:Hoxhaist parties
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2160:
2159:
2158:
1986:(formed in 1948)
1980:(formed in 1948)
1901:
1900:
1899:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1848:
1839:
1798:
1785:
1760:
1748:
1522:Regional parties
1459:
1293:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:. Archived from
1120:
1118:
1116:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1059:
1019:
1013:
1007:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
943:
928:
913:
825:
727:
723:Election results
630:
625:
621:Party congresses
583:
562:
464:
446:
443:
407:anti-revisionist
324:
273:Anti-revisionism
268:Marxism–Leninism
248:
243:
207:Merged into
202:
200:
187:
185:
142:
123:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
2464:
2463:
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2455:
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2453:
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2382:
2377:
2224:
2214:
2211:
2181:
2176:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2110:
1995:
1989:
1952:
1951:Parties of the
1946:
1910:Democratic Bloc
1908:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1802:
1799:
1789:
1786:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1739:
1730:
1701:The Republicans
1691:Party of Reason
1583:
1573:
1540:BVB/Free Voters
1516:
1443:
1358:
1288:
1279:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1143:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1010:
999:
995:
987:
983:
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966:
961:
956:
955:
954:
951:
944:
935:
929:
920:
914:
903:
902:
894:
819:
725:
623:
548:
546:In East Germany
453:
444:
401:(KPD) official
383:communist party
356:
342:
298:
241:
235:
198:
196:
183:
181:
172:
133:
132:
129:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1954:National Front
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1907:Parties of the
1904:
1903:
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679:
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675:February 1977
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655:December 1971
653:
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619:
586:Black Panthers
547:
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358:
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2011:Democracy Now
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1686:The Humanists
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1612:
1611:Bavaria Party
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
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1580:
1569:
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1532:(85; only in
1531:
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1466:
1464:
1462:Major parties
1460:
1457:
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1432:
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1419:
1415:
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1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
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1364:Minor parties
1361:
1354:
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1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
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1306:
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1300:
1298:
1297:Major parties
1294:
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1177:
1174:
1158:on 9 May 2021
1157:
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1005:
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985:
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979:, p. 72.
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415:Joseph Stalin
412:
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115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
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83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2242:
1893:East Germany
1844:
1820:Lower Saxony
1803:
1790:
1774:Lower Saxony
1765:
1753:
1740:
1726:Values Union
1626:Centre Party
1562:(9; only in
1552:(4; only in
1542:(5; only in
1424:Family Party
1394:Family Party
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1149:
1136:Roter Morgen
1135:
1130:Roter Morgen
1129:
1124:Roter Morgen
1123:
1115:13 September
1113:. Retrieved
1109:Roter Morgen
1108:
1084:. Retrieved
1076:
1040:
1011:
1002:Roter Morgen
1001:
996:
989:Zolling 2017
984:
972:
948:Roter Morgen
947:
932:Roter Morgen
931:
917:Roter Morgen
916:
899:Roter Morgen
898:
610:
598:
590:
577:
556:
552:Roter Morgen
551:
549:
534:to form the
525:
522:
487:
479:Roter Morgen
478:
472:
438:Roter Morgen
437:
435:
391:East Germany
387:West Germany
375:
363:
361:
226:(until 1973)
217:Headquarters
166:(until 1983)
147:Abbreviation
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2106:United Left
2082:Green Party
2006:Alliance 90
1999:(1989–1990)
1956:(1950–1989)
1943:(from 1946)
1912:(1945–1950)
1845:Free Voters
1770:Brandenburg
1716:Statt Party
1651:Free Saxony
1544:Brandenburg
1511:Free Voters
1353:Free Voters
1215:(733 seats)
977:Hobday 1986
901:front pages
820: [
594:West Berlin
565:East Berlin
502:Yao Wenyuan
494:revisionist
427:Enver Hoxha
393:during the
380:clandestine
285:(from 1978)
242:(mid-1970s)
240:Membership
232:(from 1973)
2388:Categories
1706:The Urbans
1666:Wir Bürger
1591:Alliance C
1481:The Greens
1378:Die PARTEI
1323:The Greens
1234:The Greens
1016:Stasi 1980
959:References
665:July 1972
602:Weißwasser
530:-oriented
528:Trotskyist
469:must go").
429:after the
421:and later
419:Mao Zedong
403:Ernst Aust
385:active in
315:Party flag
293:until 1978
184:1968-12-31
164:Ernst Aust
71:newspapers
2322:Nicaragua
2021:New Forum
1927:(to 1946)
1921:(to 1946)
1721:V-Partei3
1212:Bundestag
1004:1997–1998
964:Citations
857:Bundestag
805:Bundestag
733:Election
715:Stuttgart
485:in 1973.
352:Elections
338:Elections
278:Stalinism
263:Communism
192:Dissolved
2372:Ethiopia
1832:Saarland
1804:The Left
1778:Saarland
1758:Saarland
1641:dieBasis
1499:The Left
1347:The Left
1258:The Left
1046:ABC-Clio
848:members
713:Held in
688:Held in
633:Date(s)
483:Dortmund
467:The Wall
395:Cold War
378:) was a
309:Far-left
283:Hoxhaism
255:Ideology
230:Dortmund
156:Chairman
2307:Senegal
2262:Iceland
1812:Bavaria
1745:Bavaria
1736:Notes:
1534:Bavaria
1495:(15/16)
1489:(12/16)
1483:(15/16)
1471:(16/16)
1026:Sources
892:Gallery
815:As the
690:Hamburg
606:Cottbus
475:Hamburg
451:History
442:transl.
423:Albania
224:Hamburg
197: (
182: (
177:Founded
85:scholar
2292:Sweden
1782:Saxony
1754:Greens
1568:Saxony
1564:Bremen
1513:(2/16)
1507:(3/16)
1501:(8/16)
1052:
861:3,431
809:9,319
773:1,731
755:3,001
742:Notes
736:Votes
636:Notes
629:#
498:Maoism
425:under
376:KPD/ML
368:German
289:Maoism
150:KPD/ML
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1816:Hesse
1236:(117)
1230:(153)
1224:(206)
1162:9 May
1151:FOCUS
1086:9 May
1031:Books
872:1985
853:1983
830:1982
824:]
801:1980
783:1978
765:1975
747:1974
730:Year
614:Stasi
563:) in
92:JSTOR
78:books
2347:Peru
1834:and
1780:and
1631:DAVA
1621:BüSo
1601:APPD
1566:and
1404:PMUT
1372:Volt
1325:(12)
1319:(14)
1313:(15)
1307:(23)
1266:(10)
1260:(28)
1254:(43)
1248:(77)
1242:(91)
1164:2021
1117:2022
1088:2021
1050:ISBN
883:0.0
880:434
864:0.0
841:0.1
838:716
812:0.0
794:0.1
791:880
776:0.0
758:0.3
672:III
389:and
362:The
199:1986
195:1986
64:news
1891:in
1791:AfD
1766:FDP
1741:CDU
1676:NPD
1661:DSU
1550:SSW
1530:CSU
1505:BSW
1493:AfD
1487:FDP
1475:CDU
1469:SPD
1414:ÖDP
1384:ÖDP
1380:(2)
1374:(3)
1355:(2)
1349:(3)
1343:(6)
1341:BSW
1337:(6)
1335:CSU
1331:(5)
1329:FDP
1317:SPD
1311:AfD
1305:CDU
1270:SSW
1264:BSW
1252:CSU
1246:AfD
1240:FDP
1228:CDU
1222:SPD
707:VI
682:IV
662:II
575:".
249:800
47:by
2390::
1830:,
1826:,
1822:,
1818:,
1814:,
1810:,
1776:,
1772:,
1560:BD
1148:.
1107:.
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82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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