472:
942:
957:
927:
2173:
1914:
587:(SED). Other interested people among their friends and families joined them, so that, in the course of time, a little circle of employees (in the education and technical fields) and students (of medicine, language and literature) was formed. In reading the basic texts of Marxist–Leninist social theory they came more and more to the conclusion that a deep gap existed between theory and practice in "
151:
38:
333:
604:, etc.) were read and discussed by this youth group, whose activities spanned across East Germany and which was composed of around 100 young people. Following the dissolution of the Progressive Youth by the East German authorities, the "hardcore" elements of the Progressive Youth formed a KPD/ML cell in 1976.
632:
files, almost a dozen such cells were formed by 1980. The total number of members or supporters of the KPD/ML in East
Germany amounted to three dozen people. In addition, there were about 50 to 60 sympathizers who were in direct personal contact with the above-mentioned circle.
554:. A handful of members who opposed the merge split off and formed many parties in the tradition of Aust's KPD/ML, the most prominent being the Communist International (Marxist–Leninist), the Organization for the Construction of a Communist Workers' Party, and the
615:
Besides the young people, who were the majority within the East German section, some older, battle-hardened comrades joined the section. For instance, Heinz Reiche, who had spent 11 years in Nazi prisons and concentration camps, took part in activities in
607:
In
Rostock, too, an autonomous circle of students was formed with a similar political orientation. Being interested in further ideological inspiration, many of these groups and circles – by themselves – got in touch with various left organizations in
627:
During the following years, the KPD/ML was successful in gaining supporters and organizing them into party cells in East
Germany. These cells were inspired by the cell system of the illegal KPD during the Nazi dictatorship. According to declassified
956:
493:, West Germany, and was centered around the leadership of Ernst Aust. Rival organisations who were similarly named distinguished themselves by calling the KPD/ML the "Roter Morgen Group", after the party's newspaper
55:
941:
2268:
2298:
1161:
926:
539:
Owing to his failing health, Aust resigned as chairman in 1983. Horst-Dieter Koch was elected as the party's new chairman at the conclusion of the fifth party congress on 6 November 1983.
2220:
379:
1611:
1088:
2102:
1993:
566:
At the end of 1975 and beginning of 1976, the foundation by the KPD/ML of its own section in the East
Germany was made public. The corresponding declaration was published in
1209:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2454:
551:
2328:
2248:
521:
2353:
2288:
102:
2419:
1895:
1646:
74:
2459:
2358:
1555:
570:
on 7 February 1976. While the KPD/ML had already been formed in 1968 in West
Germany, the nucleus of the East German section emerged within East Germany itself.
2429:
2333:
81:
2439:
2414:
2409:
2213:
2147:
1469:
2464:
1696:
88:
837:
2048:
1983:
1946:
1419:
1171:
555:
438:
70:
1606:
2424:
2206:
2116:
600:), inspired by, among others, the Black Panthers. Besides the classical authors of Marxism–Leninism, various forbidden texts (of Mao, Stalin, the
524:
later received Aust on 1 June 1975. At its fourth congress in 1978, the KPD/ML adopted a new programme and disassociated itself entirely from the
221:
2087:
1999:
2343:
1656:
1636:
1565:
1285:
1202:
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2313:
2253:
2031:
1490:
1320:
1243:
1069:
547:
1691:
1218:
1873:
832:
2070:
1988:
1951:
1888:
2137:
2107:
2058:
1940:
1726:
1676:
1484:
1332:
1237:
1121:"New Revelations about the Activities and Destruction of the GDR Section of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxist-Leninist (KPD/ML)"
583:
got together to study the texts of the classical authors of
Marxism–Leninism independently of the official version propagated by the
95:
2092:
1839:
1545:
1350:
1267:
1195:
891:
784:
121:
2112:
1978:
1956:
861:
584:
2434:
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2293:
2157:
2152:
1843:
1823:
1616:
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1344:
1255:
471:
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59:
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1969:
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1631:
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1279:
265:
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2075:
1449:
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588:
303:
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1934:
533:
516:. Aust made his first international trip in 1974, travelling to Albania to meet Enver Hoxha in a private audience.
414:
2449:
2348:
1716:
1661:
1579:
573:
In the beginning of the 1970s, some students in the eleventh and twelfth grades at an
Extended Secondary School (
362:
348:
2378:
2303:
2182:
357:
343:
594:
In
Magdeburg, in 1969 and 1970, pupils, students and apprentices got together to form the Progressive Youth (
17:
2097:
1835:
1789:
1508:
1439:
1409:
1326:
1261:
1166:
525:
395:
48:
950:
issue announcing the formation of the East German branch of the
Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist
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1091:[Status report from the MfS Main Department XXII on the Situation in Spring/Summer 1980].
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2080:
1827:
1701:
1549:
1514:
1423:
1362:
1273:
935:
issue announcing the formation of the
Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist in West Germany
849:
802:
766:
314:
2142:
1797:
1583:
1065:
319:
1831:
422:
283:
1706:
1089:"Sachstandsbericht der MfS-Hauptabteilung XXII über die Situation im Frühjahr/Sommer 1980"
398:
383:
1162:"Wie die kommunistischen APO-Erben das Proletariat suchten und im Establishment landeten"
1413:
1289:
1120:
463:). Former members of the party continued to publish the newspaper until December 2011.
2403:
1681:
1666:
1626:
1443:
617:
430:
426:
1908:
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1453:
1433:
1403:
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406:
402:
1863:: are currently only in the state parliaments of Bavaria and Rhineland-Palatinate.
1055:
966:. The German text in bold reads: "Forbidden in the GDR, confiscated in the West".
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609:
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517:
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166:
37:
1187:
1127:. Translated by Polifka, Herbert; Tyagi, Rajesh. Revolutionary Democracy. 2001
150:
1393:
543:
449:. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800.
434:
418:
174:
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1227:
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730:
332:
288:
273:
1061:
498:
410:
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705:
621:
490:
234:
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299:
624:). Reiche had already come into conflict with the SED in the 1950s.
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470:
2202:
1877:
1191:
31:
883:
Open list including League of West German Communists members
2269:
Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
1763:; instead, an associated party CSU is participating here.
2299:
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)
388:
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten
142:
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten
497:. The party's headquarters were moved from Hamburg to
2304:
Communist Party Marxists-Leninists (revolutionaries)
2130:
2009:
1966:
1922:
1772:: are currently not in the state parliament of the
1597:
1536:
1477:
1467:
1378:
1311:
1299:
1225:
718:Horst-Dieter Koch replaced Ernst Aust as chairman.
421:, who subsequently became the party's chairman. An
325:
313:
264:
250:
227:
217:
202:
187:
165:
157:
136:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1016:
1759:: does not participate in the state election in
833:People's Front Against Reaction, Fascism and War
522:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
1822:: is currently not in the state parliaments of
71:"Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists"
2359:Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian)
2229:Pro-Albanian communist parties of the Cold War
1809:: is currently not in the state parliament of
612:and with the Albanian embassy in East Berlin.
489:The KPD/ML was founded on 31 December 1968 in
475:KPD/ML graffiti, August 1974. The text reads:
2284:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
2264:Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
2259:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
2214:
1889:
1203:
375:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
139:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
18:Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists
8:
2329:Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)
2249:Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist–Leninists
1784:: is currently not in state parliaments of
595:
574:
476:
2354:Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
2289:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
2294:Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed)
2221:
2207:
2199:
1896:
1882:
1874:
1474:
1308:
1210:
1196:
1188:
1057:Communist and Marxist Parties of the World
331:
149:
133:
556:Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen)
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2455:Political parties disestablished in 1986
2334:Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement
2148:Democratic Women's Federation of Germany
742:
640:
1004:
985:
922:
532:. Relations between the KPD/ML and the
512:, and initially oriented itself around
452:The party published a periodical named
2420:1986 disestablishments in West Germany
2344:Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
992:
27:Political party in Germany (1968–1986)
2460:Political parties established in 1968
2314:Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party
2032:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
1984:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1598:Minor parties (without representation
1031:
7:
2430:Defunct communist parties in Germany
2103:National Democratic Party of Germany
2088:Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
2000:Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany
1994:National Democratic Party of Germany
542:In 1986, the KPD/ML merged with the
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2415:1976 establishments in East Germany
2410:1968 establishments in West Germany
1989:Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
457:
413:. It was founded in 1968 by former
2254:Workers' Communist Party of France
2138:Free German Trade Union Federation
1941:Social Democratic Party of Germany
536:had significantly cooled by 1984.
25:
2465:Political parties in East Germany
2384:Marxist–Leninist League of Tigray
2188:Political parties in East Germany
1160:Zolling, Peter (14 August 2017).
2440:Außerparlamentarische Opposition
2171:
2113:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1979:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1957:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1912:
955:
940:
925:
862:League of West German Communists
585:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
528:, rejecting in particular Mao's
36:
2158:Peasants Mutual Aid Association
2153:Cultural Association of the GDR
508:(DKP), which it believed to be
47:needs additional citations for
2425:Anti-revisionist organizations
2374:Communist Party of New Zealand
2131:Constituent Mass Organizations
892:North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag
785:North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag
644:
1:
2117:Party of Democratic Socialism
2066:Association of Free Democrats
2010:Parties during and after the
257:
180:Horst-Dieter Koch (from 1983)
2445:Far-left politics in Germany
2319:Union for People's Democracy
1219:Political parties in Germany
2369:Communist Party of Suriname
1142:. No. 24. 24 December 1997.
589:actually existing socialism
548:International Marxist Group
2481:
2238:Party of Labour of Albania
2093:Communist Party of Germany
2049:Christian Democratic Union
1947:Christian Democratic Union
1935:Communist Party of Germany
1632:Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei
1612:Animal Protection Alliance
1113:News and magazine articles
534:Party of Labour of Albania
433:and supported China under
415:Communist Party of Germany
191:31 December 1968
2349:Communist Party of Brazil
2244:
2236:Parties aligned with the
2234:
2166:
1750:
1600:above the district level)
1154:. No. 2. 5 February 1998.
1148:. No. 1. 21 January 1998.
1093:Demokratie statt Diktatur
339:
330:
148:
2379:Communist Party of Benin
2183:Politics of East Germany
2071:Liberal Democratic Party
1952:Liberal Democratic Party
1727:Socialist Equality Party
1054:Hobday, Charles (1986).
358:Politics of East Germany
344:Politics of West Germany
141:
2178:East Germany portal
2108:Social Democratic Party
1493:(15/16; not in Bavaria)
1081:Government publications
552:Unified Socialist Party
526:Chinese Communist Party
504:The KPD/ML opposed the
315:Political position
2435:Defunct Maoist parties
2274:Communist Movement M-L
1840:North Rhine-Westphalia
1687:Marxist–Leninist Party
1672:German Communist Party
1468:Represented in the 16
1305:(96 seats for Germany)
596:
575:
506:German Communist Party
486:
477:
387:
222:United Socialist Party
2076:Free Democratic Party
1622:Basic Income Alliance
962:An advertisement for
620:(a township south of
576:Erweiterte Oberschule
474:
2054:Democratic Awakening
2044:Alliance for Germany
1844:Rhineland-Palatinate
1697:Verjüngungsforschung
1097:Stasi Records Agency
860:Open list including
726:27–29 December 1985
701:16–18 December 1978
461: "Red Morning"
56:improve this article
2059:German Social Union
2013:Peaceful Revolution
1652:Democracy in Motion
1302:European Parliament
1300:Represented in the
1226:Represented in the
530:Three Worlds Theory
447:Sino-Albanian split
2081:German Forum Party
1852:Schleswig-Holstein
1811:Schleswig-Holstein
1570:Schleswig-Holstein
850:Hamburg Parliament
803:Hamburg Parliament
767:Hamburg Parliament
715:4–6 November 1983
663:Founding congress
597:Progressive Jugend
520:, a member of the
487:
429:of Soviet premier
425:party, the KPD/ML
2397:
2396:
2196:
2195:
2143:Free German Youth
1905:Political parties
1871:
1870:
1824:Baden-Württemberg
1593:
1592:
1470:state parliaments
1463:
1462:
1450:Party of Progress
1071:978-0-87436-476-7
905:
904:
736:
735:
660:31 December 1968
478:Die Mauer muß weg
427:upheld the legacy
371:
370:
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124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
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2450:Hoxhaist parties
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
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2174:
2002:(formed in 1948)
1996:(formed in 1948)
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1916:
1915:
1898:
1891:
1884:
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1864:
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1814:
1801:
1776:
1764:
1538:Regional parties
1475:
1309:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1170:. Archived from
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1134:
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929:
841:
743:
739:Election results
646:
641:
637:Party congresses
599:
578:
480:
462:
459:
423:anti-revisionist
382:
335:
284:Anti-revisionism
279:Marxism–Leninism
259:
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218:Merged into
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40:
32:
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2227:
2197:
2192:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2126:
2011:
2005:
1968:
1967:Parties of the
1962:
1926:Democratic Bloc
1924:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1856:
1818:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1755:
1746:
1717:The Republicans
1707:Party of Reason
1599:
1589:
1556:BVB/Free Voters
1532:
1459:
1374:
1304:
1295:
1230:
1221:
1216:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1159:
1130:
1128:
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1087:
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918:
910:
835:
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639:
564:
562:In East Germany
469:
460:
417:(KPD) official
399:communist party
378:
367:
353:
309:
252:
246:
209:
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194:
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117:
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1970:National Front
1964:
1963:
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1944:
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1923:Parties of the
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691:February 1977
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671:December 1971
669:
665:
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638:
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602:Black Panthers
563:
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2027:Democracy Now
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1702:The Humanists
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1627:Bavaria Party
1625:
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1548:(85; only in
1547:
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1478:Major parties
1476:
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1471:
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1398:
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1380:Minor parties
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1313:Major parties
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1174:on 9 May 2021
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995:, p. 72.
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431:Joseph Stalin
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2258:
1909:East Germany
1860:
1836:Lower Saxony
1819:
1806:
1790:Lower Saxony
1781:
1769:
1756:
1742:Values Union
1642:Centre Party
1578:(9; only in
1568:(4; only in
1558:(5; only in
1440:Family Party
1410:Family Party
1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
1165:
1152:Roter Morgen
1151:
1146:Roter Morgen
1145:
1140:Roter Morgen
1139:
1131:13 September
1129:. Retrieved
1125:Roter Morgen
1124:
1100:. Retrieved
1092:
1056:
1027:
1018:Roter Morgen
1017:
1012:
1005:Zolling 2017
1000:
988:
964:Roter Morgen
963:
948:Roter Morgen
947:
933:Roter Morgen
932:
915:Roter Morgen
914:
626:
614:
606:
593:
572:
568:Roter Morgen
567:
565:
550:to form the
541:
538:
503:
495:Roter Morgen
494:
488:
454:Roter Morgen
453:
451:
407:East Germany
403:West Germany
391:
374:
372:
237:(until 1973)
228:Headquarters
177:(until 1983)
158:Abbreviation
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2122:United Left
2098:Green Party
2022:Alliance 90
2015:(1989–1990)
1972:(1950–1989)
1959:(from 1946)
1928:(1945–1950)
1861:Free Voters
1786:Brandenburg
1732:Statt Party
1667:Free Saxony
1560:Brandenburg
1527:Free Voters
1369:Free Voters
1231:(733 seats)
993:Hobday 1986
917:front pages
836: [
610:West Berlin
581:East Berlin
518:Yao Wenyuan
510:revisionist
443:Enver Hoxha
409:during the
396:clandestine
296:(from 1978)
253:(mid-1970s)
251:Membership
243:(from 1973)
2404:Categories
1722:The Urbans
1682:Wir Bürger
1607:Alliance C
1497:The Greens
1394:Die PARTEI
1339:The Greens
1250:The Greens
1032:Stasi 1980
975:References
681:July 1972
618:Weißwasser
546:-oriented
544:Trotskyist
485:must go").
445:after the
437:and later
435:Mao Zedong
419:Ernst Aust
401:active in
326:Party flag
304:until 1978
195:1968-12-31
175:Ernst Aust
82:newspapers
2338:Nicaragua
2037:New Forum
1943:(to 1946)
1937:(to 1946)
1737:V-Partei3
1228:Bundestag
1020:1997–1998
980:Citations
873:Bundestag
821:Bundestag
749:Election
731:Stuttgart
501:in 1973.
380:‹See Tfd›
363:Elections
349:Elections
289:Stalinism
274:Communism
203:Dissolved
2388:Ethiopia
1848:Saarland
1820:The Left
1794:Saarland
1774:Saarland
1657:dieBasis
1515:The Left
1363:The Left
1274:The Left
1062:ABC-Clio
864:members
729:Held in
704:Held in
649:Date(s)
499:Dortmund
483:The Wall
411:Cold War
394:) was a
320:Far-left
294:Hoxhaism
266:Ideology
241:Dortmund
167:Chairman
2323:Senegal
2278:Iceland
1828:Bavaria
1761:Bavaria
1752:Notes:
1550:Bavaria
1511:(15/16)
1505:(12/16)
1499:(15/16)
1487:(16/16)
1042:Sources
908:Gallery
831:As the
706:Hamburg
622:Cottbus
491:Hamburg
467:History
458:transl.
439:Albania
235:Hamburg
208: (
193: (
188:Founded
96:scholar
2308:Sweden
1798:Saxony
1770:Greens
1584:Saxony
1580:Bremen
1529:(2/16)
1523:(3/16)
1517:(8/16)
1068:
877:3,431
825:9,319
789:1,731
771:3,001
758:Notes
752:Votes
652:Notes
645:#
514:Maoism
441:under
392:KPD/ML
384:German
300:Maoism
161:KPD/ML
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1832:Hesse
1252:(117)
1246:(153)
1240:(206)
1178:9 May
1167:FOCUS
1102:9 May
1047:Books
888:1985
869:1983
846:1982
840:]
817:1980
799:1978
781:1975
763:1974
746:Year
630:Stasi
579:) in
103:JSTOR
89:books
2363:Peru
1850:and
1796:and
1647:DAVA
1637:BüSo
1617:APPD
1582:and
1420:PMUT
1388:Volt
1341:(12)
1335:(14)
1329:(15)
1323:(23)
1282:(10)
1276:(28)
1270:(43)
1264:(77)
1258:(91)
1180:2021
1133:2022
1104:2021
1066:ISBN
899:0.0
896:434
880:0.0
857:0.1
854:716
828:0.0
810:0.1
807:880
792:0.0
774:0.3
688:III
405:and
373:The
210:1986
206:1986
75:news
1907:in
1807:AfD
1782:FDP
1757:CDU
1692:NPD
1677:DSU
1566:SSW
1546:CSU
1521:BSW
1509:AfD
1503:FDP
1491:CDU
1485:SPD
1430:ÖDP
1400:ÖDP
1396:(2)
1390:(3)
1371:(2)
1365:(3)
1359:(6)
1357:BSW
1353:(6)
1351:CSU
1347:(5)
1345:FDP
1333:SPD
1327:AfD
1321:CDU
1286:SSW
1280:BSW
1268:CSU
1262:AfD
1256:FDP
1244:CDU
1238:SPD
723:VI
698:IV
678:II
591:".
260:800
58:by
2406::
1846:,
1842:,
1838:,
1834:,
1830:,
1826:,
1792:,
1788:,
1576:BD
1164:.
1123:.
1095:.
1064:.
1060:.
838:de
755:%
712:V
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657:–
558:.
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114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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