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While drafting the concept of the communist crime, Polish legislators specifically discarded the notion that a communist crime is equal to a Nazi crime, or that the legislation of the communist crime can be based on that of the Nazi crime (already defined in the legislation of 31 August 1944), as
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or abolition decrees issued in communist Poland before 7 December 1989. In case of murders, the Polish statute of limitations begins on 1 August 1990 and runs for 40 years, and for 30 years for other crimes.
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powers, created by the same legislation that defined the concept of the communist crime in 1998. Two examples of such unsolved communist crimes are the
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of that particular time. The concept also covers several other illegal activities prohibited by Polish laws already in place since 1932, such as
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The concept of communist crimes was legally introduced in 1998 and revised several times. It was designed to facilitate studies of events and
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493:[32nd Senate Meeting of the Republic of Poland, part 1 of the transcript: Witold Kulesza] (in Polish). senat.gov.pl. Archived from
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who committed crimes against Polish citizens as well as the Polish state. The definition is conceptually similar to the legal concept of a
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including those who received legal protection similar to public officials, particularly government officials and leaders of the
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Presidential
Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests
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The concept of a communist crime is also applicable if the victim was not a Polish citizen but was wronged on Polish territory.
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168:. The communist crimes could have also been committed in Poland by members of foreign civil or military services, such as the
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371:"Ustawa z dnia 18 grudnia 1998 r. o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej - Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu"
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International
Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania
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issued 18 December 1998, "communist crimes" constitute crimes committed by the functionaries of the
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European Public
Hearing on European Conscience and Crimes of Totalitarian Communism: 20 Years After
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European
Parliament resolution on the importance of European remembrance for the future of Europe
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45:. The concept of a communist crime is also used more broadly internationally, and is employed by
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and religious affairs) departments. Particular organisations named as examples include
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Estonian
International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
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Office for the
Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism
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Office for the
Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism
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and using them with the intent to cause harm to people mentioned in them.
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non-governmental organizations as well as government agencies such as the
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while similar on some levels they are different enough on others to make
223:) previously used in Polish law for similar acts, just as the concept of
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of an individual or a group; including those, otherwise named in Polish
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208:
679:
Act on
Illegality of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It
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327:"Not Only Katyn" by Ireneusz Sewastianowicz and Stanisław Kulikowski
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European Public
Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes
423:[Communist crimes in the concept of Polish criminal law].
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491:"32. posiedzenie Senatu RP, część 1 stenogramu: Witold Kulesza"
391:, see headings of document for list of legal acts published in
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in Poland. Those crimes are not affected either by the former
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63:
Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania
421:"Zbrodnie Komunistyczne w koncepcji Polskiego prawa karnego"
239:
crimes were first defined by Polish legislation in 1991.
144:. The functionaries involved would most likely work for
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In legal terminology – as defined by the Article 2.1 of
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Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism
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Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Killed More? by Timothy Snyder
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Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania
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Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism
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Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism
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Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies
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250:Communist crimes are primarily investigated by the
136:A functionary of a communist state is defined as a
317:Communist Crimes (hosted by the Unitas Foundation)
612:European Parliament declaration of 23 August 2008
727:Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes
59:Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes
623:European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009
27:Legal definition used in the Polish Penal Code
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427:(in Polish) (1). prawo.lex.pl. Archived from
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270:, also known as the Baran Forest massacre.
757:Reconciliation of European Histories Group
747:Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records
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379:. Art. 2.1. . Retrieved as of 8 May 2007.
166:Główny Zarząd Informacji Wojska Polskiego
152:and other internal affairs (particularly
97:. The crimes defined therein form either
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524:Communist crimes (Polish legal concept)
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158:Ministry of Public Security of Poland
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41:) is a legal definition used in the
634:Declaration on Crimes of Communism
573:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
215:The concept has replaced the term
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877:Commemoration of communist crimes
732:Institute of National Remembrance
594:Council of Europe resolution 1481
252:Institute of National Remembrance
752:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
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628:Vilnius Declaration of the OSCE
395:modifying the original document
1:
640:Stockholm Programme of the EU
81:(Dziennik Ustaw, DzU) of the
646:Warsaw Declaration of the EU
799:The Black Book of Communism
322:Kakolewnica Forest Massacre
295:The Black Book of Communism
290:People's Republic of Poland
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689:Decommunization in Ukraine
203:, are not affected by the
111:falsification of documents
807:Between Hitler and Stalin
684:Decommunization in Russia
669:Bans on communist symbols
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419:Rajman, Genowefa (2006).
227:has replaced that of the
193:crimes against humanity
101:or direct violation of
742:House of Terror Museum
205:statute of limitations
187:Crimes, recognised by
39:zbrodnie komunistyczne
38:
526:at Wikimedia Commons
425:Military Legal Review
162:Służba Bezpieczeństwa
562:in Europe since 1989
497:on 30 September 2007
343:Notes and references
332:The Augustow Roundup
285:Lustration in Poland
268:Kąkolewnica massacre
221:zbrodnia stalinowska
197:crimes against peace
99:political repression
431:on 25 January 2007.
146:Polish intelligence
79:the Journal of Laws
583:European hearings,
256:research institute
89:apparatus between
83:Republic of Poland
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848:
522:Media related to
189:international law
91:17 September 1939
51:Unitas Foundation
43:Polish Penal Code
16:(Redirected from
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815:The Soviet Story
717:Black Ribbon Day
674:Communist crimes
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247:unacceptable.
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120:of people in
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254:, a special
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231:crime. Both
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107:criminal law
103:human rights
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47:human rights
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662:Legislation
642:(2010–2015)
480:, Art. 4.1.
468:, Art. 4.3.
456:, Art. 5.2.
444:, Art. 5.1.
360:, Art. 2.2.
260:prosecution
118:prosecution
856:Categories
834:Opposition
823:Bloodlands
694:Lustration
300:Thick line
225:Nazi crime
201:war crimes
154:censorship
126:Nazi crime
73:Polish law
65:, and the
699:in Poland
245:analogies
237:Hitlerite
233:Stalinist
229:Hitlerite
122:authority
87:communist
478:Ustawa..
466:Ustawa..
454:Ustawa..
442:Ustawa..
389:Ustawa..
358:Ustawa..
274:See also
311:Sources
209:amnesty
872:Crimes
826:(2010)
818:(2008)
810:(2004)
802:(1997)
654:(2019)
648:(2011)
636:(2010)
630:(2009)
619:(2009)
608:(2008)
602:(2008)
596:(2006)
375:
199:, and
180:, and
178:SMERSH
61:, the
57:, the
53:, the
35:Polish
791:Media
501:8 May
258:with
182:Stasi
503:2007
266:and
235:and
174:NKVD
164:and
93:and
191:as
170:KGB
858::
409:^
350:^
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69:.
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