151:
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551:
colloquially is more often "metro service area", "metro area", or "MSA", taken to include not only a city but also the surrounding suburban, exurban and sometimes rural areas, all of which the city is presumed to influence. A polycentric metropolitan area contains multiple urban agglomerations not connected by continuous development. In defining a metropolitan area, it is sufficient that a city or cities form a nucleus with which other areas have a high degree of integration.
719:
Region with almost a million inhabitants, and Gran
Concepción in the Bio Bio Region, with a population of about a million people living in it. Smaller "metropolitan" areas are known as conurbations. Conurbaciones tend to have a bit over 200.000 inhabitants to be considered as such. An example is the Conurbacion de Rancagua, which considers the area shared by the city of Rancagua, and the adjacent smaller towns of Machalí, Gultro and Graneros.
710:(CA) consists of one or more neighboring municipalities centered around a core population. A CMA requires a total population of at least 100,000, with 50,000 or more residing in the core, while a CA requires a core population of at least 10,000. Both are determined using data from Canada's Census of Population Program, and surrounding municipalities must demonstrate strong economic integration with the core, measured by commuting patterns.
863:(GCCSAs), which are geographical areas designed to represent the functional extent of each of the eight state and territory capital cities. They were designed to reflect labor markets, using the 2011 Census "travel to work" data. Labor markets are sometimes used as proxy measures of the functional extent of a city as it contains the majority of the commuting population. GCCSAs replaced "Statistical Divisions" used until 2011.
1320:
4508:
54:
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3324:
259:
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1316:(DSA) is a metropolitan area in the United Arab Emirates. It consists of the combined, greater urban areas of Dubai, Ajman, and Sharjah. The urban areas at the northeast end of Dubai flow into those of Sharjah, which in turn are contiguous with those of Ajman. The total population is about 5.9 million people as of 2023
829:
ties. The OMB then defines a
Combined Statistical Area as consisting of various combinations of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with economic ties measured by commuting patterns. The Office of Management and Budget further defines a core-based statistical area (CBSA) to be a
1481:
province and thus in the jurisdiction of the
Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, is arguably within the metro area of Istanbul with many of its residents commuting to Istanbul for work and the Marmaray, a commuter rail line, extending into the district. The district however, as previously mentioned,
1456:
is collated based on statistics of commuting between central municipalities and surrounding municipalities and taking into account existing planning cooperation in the country's three geographic regions. They were defined around 1965. In 2005, a number of further municipalities were added to the
718:
There are three metropolitan areas in Chile, the biggest and most important one is the Gran
Santiago in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, with over 7 million inhabitants, making it the largest and most populated urban area in Chile. The other two metro areas are Gran Valparaiso in the Valparaiso
550:
There has been no significant change in the basic concept of metropolitan areas since its adoption in 1950, although significant changes in geographic distributions have occurred since then, and more are expected. Because of the fluidity of the term "metropolitan statistical area", the term used
537:
In practice, the parameters of metropolitan areas, in both official and unofficial usage, are not consistent. Sometimes they are little different from an urban area, and in other cases, they cover broad regions that have little relation to a single urban settlement; comparative statistics for
490:
with the contiguous built-up areas, which are not necessarily urban in character but are closely bound to the center by employment or other commerce. These outlying zones are sometimes known as a commuter belt and may extend well beyond the urban zone to other political entities. For example,
2114:
1001:) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area."
1477:. There are 30 officially defined "metropolitan municipalities" in Turkey. This classification, however, is only used for administrative purposes, and sometimes contradicts the colloquial use of the term "metro area". As an example, Gebze, a district in
1350:(LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region".
684:) which capture the region "surrounding urban centers for the supply of immediate needs of the population". Intended for policy planning purposes, as of March 2021 census data is not tabulated on the level of these Areas, but instead at the
1425:
For urban centers outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the
Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or region was introduced by German professors in 2006.
866:
Other metropolitan areas in
Australia include cross border cities or continuous built-up areas between two or more cities that are connected by an extensive public transport network that allows for commuting for work or services.
1025:, a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than four million. In policing jurisdiction, state governments can declare any city or town with a population exceeding one million as a metropolitan area as per the
1482:
is not a part of
Istanbul's provincial limits, and thus not subject to the jurisdiction of its metropolitan municipality. The word metropolitan (municipality) is generally only used as an administrative distinction in Turkey.
2106:
830:
geographical area that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to the urban center by commuting.
2143:
546:
structure, with some shared services between a central city and its suburbs, which may or may not include the entirety of a metropolitan area. Population figures given for one metro area can vary by millions.
2463:
1251:. The number of metropolitan areas in the Philippines was reduced from 13 in 2007 to the current three based from the 2017–2022 Philippine Development Plan by NEDA. The other 10 metropolitan areas were
2238:"OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"
806:(μSAs – 536 for the U.S. and five for Puerto Rico). The 169 Combined Statistical Areas (166 for the U.S. and three for Puerto Rico) each comprise two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas.
1888:
2164:
2044:
1569:
587:. Its population was over 9.6 million as of the 2011 South Africa Census, in contrast to its urban area, which consisted of approximately 7.9 million inhabitants as of 2011. Conversely,
741:
a set of two or more municipalities where a city with a population of at least 100,000 is located, and whose urban area, functions and activities exceed the limits of the municipality.
1594:
287:
2440:
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595:, which presided over nearly 5 million people as of 2016. However, the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area houses roughly ten times the population of its core municipal city of
744:
municipalities with a city of more than 500,000 inhabitants, or a city of more than 200,000 inhabitants located in the northern and southern border areas and in the coastal zone.
2085:"Diving into the "Third Waves" of Regional Governance and Economic Development Strategies: A Study of Regional Partnerships for Economic Development in U.S. Metropolitan Areas"
935:, the large population centres which have significant financial, political and administrative importance are considered to be as Metropolitan cities, which are governed by
1016:
2135:
1949:
1916:
1407:(AU). The AU, which was defined differently than the AAV, has now been discarded by INSEE and replaced with the AAV in order to facilitate international comparisons.
534:. It is defined as a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.
4340:
2244:
1514:
592:
3996:
1194:
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in South Africa are defined as commonly governed areas of a metropolitan area. The largest such metropolitan municipal government entity in South Africa is the
2455:
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is an example of statistically grouping independent cities and county areas from various states to form a larger city because of proximity, history and recent
2626:
1502:" as areas where "at least 75% of an area's resident workforce work in the area and at least 75% of the people who work in the area also live in the area".
3135:
1204:
280:
247:
2406:
436:
1892:
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have agreed on a common methodological framework for delimitation of urban and rural areas, which contains a definition of metropolitan areas called the
515:
431:). In other cases, metropolitan areas contain multiple centers of equal or close to equal importance, especially in the United States; for example, the
4287:
3128:
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1422:. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centers of the country.
1091:
are important metropolitan area in the country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in
Indonesia that have been recognized by the government.
3568:
3360:
2783:
1950:"Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition"
1917:"Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition"
1905:
Iris
Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". 11 December 2001 , retrieved 13 June 2009 (pdf).
1574:
1231:). The official definition of each area does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization. For example, the built-up area of
588:
1386:. The official translation of this statistical area in English (as used by INSEE) is "functional area". The AAV follows the same definition as the
3140:
1038:
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are no longer used by the census bureau due to suburbanization of employment. In other countries metropolitan areas are sometimes anchored by one
2020:
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1150:
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770:
580:
273:
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1965:
1932:
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470:. For urban centres located outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction at a smaller scale for a region, the concept of a
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632:
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1370:
1010:
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1579:
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71:
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The word metropolitan describes the central municipality governing local services in a province with more than 750.000 residents in
818:
697:
519:
511:
137:
2002:
843:
150:
392:. As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions.
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118:
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75:
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and a respective regiopolitan area, or regio, was introduced by German professors in 2006. In the United States, the term
455:
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3634:
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Loibl, Wolfgang; Etminan, Ghazal; Gebetsroither-Geringer, Ernst; Neumann, Hans-Martin; Sanchez-Guzman, Santiago (2018).
1635:
1436:
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944:
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728:
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A metropolitan area usually includes a main city and a series of smaller satellite cities as can be seen in this map of
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1751:"Characteristics of Urban Agglomerations in Different Continents: History, Patterns, Dynamics, Drivers and Trends"
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Squires, G. Ed. Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, & Policy
Responses. (The urban Institute Press (2002)
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focused on "integrating the organization, planning and execution of public functions of common interest". An
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municipalities where state capitals are located, if they are not already included in a metropolitan zone.
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2024:
1710:
1545:
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313:
226:
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The Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent
4011:
3948:
3922:
3731:
3716:
3304:
2923:
1981:
1499:
1166:
1129:
has nine metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million. Five of these are entirely in
1056:
652:
643:
507:
487:
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2084:
1110:
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in Mexico. 75.1 million people, 62.8% of the country population, live within a metropolitan area.
4230:
3912:
3451:
3203:
1611:
1170:
822:
161:, the largest metropolitan area in the United States and one of the largest in the world, with
111:
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1961:
1928:
1766:
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of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of economic and
814:
660:) have specific meanings. They are defined by federal and state legislation as collections of
154:
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1953:
1920:
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1240:
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metropolitan areas should take this into account. The term metropolitan can also refer to a
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by definition, are the eleven urban areas that are the most densely populated areas in the
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317:
196:
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2006:
1889:"List 2. Principal cities of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, march 2020"
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333:
325:
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has long spilled out of its officially defined borders into the adjacent provinces of
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2190:"Illustrated Glossary - Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA)"
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451:
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In 2001 Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into
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1715:
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1208:
1207:(NEDA). These metropolitan areas are separated into three main geographical areas;
596:
584:
554:
A metropolitan area is commonly known and characterized by a high concentration in
412:
389:
341:
337:
2107:"Metropolitan Areas, Urban Agglomerations and Integrated Development Areas | IBGE"
2644:: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France — Urbanization of the world
2638:(page 1 illustrates metropolitan area versus city proper and urban agglomeration)
851:
metropolitan area in Australia seen at night from the International Space Station
4235:
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42:
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2456:"Dubai population to surge to nearly 6m in 20 years amid urban transformation"
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166:
1797:"MetroPolicy: Shaping A New Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation"
993:
Guidelines on the Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas
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216:
188:
2021:"How services increased the economic gap between the rural and urban US"
1368:, names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an
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1860:
1309:
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1220:
1162:
1072:
1064:
920:
875:
353:
329:
2579:"Geografin i statistiken – regionala indelningar i Sverigelanguage=sv"
2508:
2306:
Bangladesh: The Path to Middle-Income Status from an Urban Perspective
4079:
3962:
3426:
3035:
2933:
2711:
1952:. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 52.
1919:. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 51.
1466:
1280:
1248:
1182:
1146:
1134:
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is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country.
939:. In total, there are 12 city corporations in Bangladesh. 4 of them (
893:
871:
737:
in Mexico. The National Population Council (CONAPO) defines them as:
620:
539:
416:
385:
373:
369:
178:
2243:. United States Office of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013.
2063:
680:
The IBGE defines also "Immediate Geographic Areas" (formerly termed
466:
convergence. Metropolitan areas may themselves be part of a greater
1957:
1924:
3721:
2716:
2558:
2529:
1510:
1401:
The AAV replaced in 2020 the metropolitan statistical area called
1365:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1212:
1158:
1098:
1080:
1022:
968:
902:
842:
798:(CSAs). The 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas are divided into 388
611:
563:
428:
395:
Metropolitan areas in the United States are delineated around the
365:
172:
149:
27:
Administrative unit of a dense urban core and its satellite cities
3338:
3416:
2953:
2678:
1395:
1382:(or AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of a city"), plural:
1111:
https://en.wikipedia.org/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_Malaysia
523:
361:
357:
3342:
2651:
2610:
Beginners' guide to UK geography - Travel to Work Areas (TTWAs)
2045:"The Development of Metropolitan Economy in Europe and America"
411:) and consists of central and outlying counties, as the terms
47:
2433:"Infinite possibilities for Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman conurbation"
802:(MSAs – 381 for the U.S. and seven for Puerto Rico) and 541
672:) is one of the two above structures that crosses state (or
1948:
European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank (2021).
1915:
European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank (2021).
1570:
List of metropolitan areas that overlap multiple countries
30:"Metro area" redirects here. For the dance music duo, see
2647:
2309:. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications. p. 52.
1398:, and the AAVs are thus strictly comparable to the FUAs.
2354:. National Informatics Centre. p. 3. Archived from
599:, which contained 957,441 people as of the 2011 census.
1595:
List of North American metropolitan areas by population
2188:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-11-15).
1612:
List of metropolitan areas (LUZ) in the European Union
1203:
currently has three metropolitan areas defined by the
181:'s metropolitan area (click on the map to enlarge it).
2526:"Le nouveau zonage en aires d'attraction des villes"
1165:, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and
786:
for the metropolitan areas of the United States and
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4349:
4303:
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4263:
4223:
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3404:
3217:
3154:
3114:
2989:
2889:
2839:
2685:
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2217:"Delimitation of Mexico's Metropolitan Areas 2015"
1795:Mark, M.; Katz, B; Rahman, S.; Warren, D. (2008).
1444:corresponds to that of a normal Italian province.
1017:List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India
633:List of metropolitan areas in Brazil § Definitions
332:. A metropolitan area usually comprises multiple
312:and its surrounding territories which are sharing
2477:Quest, Richard; Minihane, Joe (March 10, 2021).
971:, there used to be no clear distinction between
2274:"GREATER CAPITAL CITY STATISTICAL AREA (GCCSA)"
458:has gained prominence. The area of the Greater
1839:"Urban cores, Core cities and Principal cites"
593:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
308:is a region consisting of a densely populated
169:at the center of the densest part of the image
3354:
2663:
2211:
2209:
1195:List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines
996:
982:
976:
790:. These 1,098 statistical areas comprise 929
281:
8:
981:, lit. city cluster) and metropolitan area (
2303:Muzzini, Elisa; Aparicio, Gabriela (2013).
1205:National Economic and Development Authority
631:The following paragraph is an excerpt from
583:is the fourth largest metropolitan area in
4300:
4096:
3681:
3471:
3361:
3347:
3339:
2670:
2656:
2648:
2333:(in Chinese (China)). 国家发展改革委. 2019-02-19.
1590:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas
989:National Development and Reform Commission
516:United Nations Human Settlements Programme
288:
274:
184:
2479:"What Dubai looked like before it boomed"
2278:Australian Statistical Geography Standard
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
3569:Regional Planning Association of America
1802:. Brookings Institution. pp. 4–103.
1575:List of metropolitan areas by population
1741:
1473:and its metropolitan municipality, the
1039:List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia
447:in The Netherlands are other examples.
234:
203:
187:
2520:
2518:
2381:"The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973"
1600:List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas
1122:List of metropolitan areas in Pakistan
861:Greater Capital City Statistical Areas
771:List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP
581:Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area
437:Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area
2599:Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
2549:
2547:
2545:
2250:from the original on January 21, 2017
2136:"Regional Divisions of Brazil | IBGE"
1364:France's national statistics office,
1301:Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area
7:
4529:
1607:List of metropolitan areas in Europe
1585:List of metropolitan areas in Africa
1454:list of metropolitan areas in Sweden
76:adding citations to reliable sources
3640:Professional transportation planner
3009:Technical aspects of urban planning
2431:Al Qassemi, Sooud (June 19, 2012).
2331:"关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见(发改规划〔2019〕328号)"
1011:List of metropolitan areas in India
670:região integrada de desenvolvimento
433:Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area
2443:from the original on Nov 20, 2023.
1580:List of metropolitan areas in Asia
1475:Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
1440:. Therefore, the territory of the
566:regions of economic significance.
25:
2489:from the original on Apr 2, 2024.
2466:from the original on Apr 2, 2024.
1819:. Office of Management and Budget
698:Census geographic units of Canada
520:International Labour Organization
512:Food and Agriculture Organization
4528:
4507:
4506:
4494:
3322:
2784:Cities with the most skyscrapers
1153:is split between Punjab and the
1027:Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
733:Metropolitan areas are known as
486:A metropolitan area combines an
435:has eight principal cities. The
257:
195:
52:
4037:Transferable development rights
3592:Environmental impact assessment
3260:Sustainable Development Goal 11
3141:Most populous national capitals
2454:Bardsley, Daniel (2022-08-02).
2352:Central Pollution Control Board
2270:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2146:from the original on 2021-04-02
2117:from the original on 2021-04-02
1982:"Metropolitan and Micropolitan"
1416:Metropolitan regions in Germany
857:Australian Bureau of Statistics
780:Office of Management and Budget
63:needs additional citations for
3663:Community economic development
3442:Planning and zoning commission
3146:Most populous satellite cities
2612:Office for National Statistics
2345:"Metropolitan Cities of India"
2284:(1270.0.55.001). Canberra, ACT
2052:The American Historical Review
1620:Metropolitan planning theories
1513:group has compiled a separate
1496:Office for National Statistics
1105:Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area
804:Micropolitan Statistical Areas
800:Metropolitan Statistical Areas
456:metropolitan statistical areas
407:, (this is different than the
1:
3136:Most densely populated cities
1541:Metropolitan statistical area
1384:aires d'attraction des villes
1371:aire d'attraction d'une ville
825:with the core as measured by
775:As of February 28, 2013, the
765:Metropolitan statistical area
476:micropolitan statistical area
4276:Planning Accreditation Board
3635:Transit-oriented development
3597:Recreation resource planning
2627:"The World's Cities in 2016"
1636:Transit-oriented development
1346:has created a concept named
997:
983:
977:
949:Narayanganj City Corporation
945:Dhaka South City Corporation
941:Dhaka North City Corporation
792:Core-Based Statistical Areas
729:Metropolitan areas of Mexico
562:views metropolitan areas as
460:Washington metropolitan area
248:Cities by population density
1861:"Definition of Urban Terms"
1564:Lists of metropolitan areas
1420:Federal Republic of Germany
1155:Islamabad Capital Territory
666:integrated development area
625:International Space Station
589:metropolitan municipalities
401:core based statistical area
4588:
4288:Professional organizations
3645:Urban freight distribution
3620:Transportation forecasting
3004:Theories of urban planning
2501:"What is the Urban Audit?"
2165:"Population Census | IBGE"
1515:list of metropolitan areas
1357:
1298:
1192:
1119:
1036:
1014:
1008:
796:Combined Statistical Areas
768:
762:
726:
695:
630:
501:New York metropolitan area
499:is considered part of the
159:New York metropolitan area
36:
29:
4524:List of planning journals
4488:
3493:History of urban planning
3376:
3318:
2999:History of urban planning
2909:Central business district
1660:Combined statistical area
751:As of 2018, there are 74
4460:Marine spatial planning
3972:Healthy community design
3550:Village design statement
3540:Preservation development
3535:Conservation development
1763:10.5772/intechopen.73524
1665:Consolidated city-county
1655:Census metropolitan area
1360:Functional area (France)
953:Gazipur City Corporation
704:census metropolitan area
4475:Real estate development
4206:List of urban theorists
3702:City Beautiful movement
3630:Rational planning model
3612:Transportation planning
3602:Sustainable development
3250:Million Tree Initiative
1696:Megalopolis (city type)
1650:Amalgamation (politics)
1049:government of Indonesia
957:Dhaka Metropolitan Area
817:that have at least one
623:seen at night from the
558:labor and enterprises.
425:Paris metropolitan area
403:which is defined as an
4519:List of planned cities
4455:Landscape architecture
4211:List of urban planners
3933:Conservation community
3770:Collaborative planning
3579:Environmental planning
3487:Comprehensive planning
3235:Ecological engineering
3124:World's largest cities
3096:Cycling infrastructure
2981:Peri-urban agriculture
2407:"Kategori Topik Utama"
1726:World's largest cities
1536:Economic restructuring
1531:Developed environments
1342:'s statistical agency
1330:
1107:
852:
627:
493:East Hampton, New York
182:
170:
4430:Development economics
4281:Real estate education
4241:James Howard Kunstler
4166:Konstantinos Doxiadis
4047:Urban growth boundary
3987:Mixed-use development
3882:Intentional community
3275:Urban forest inequity
3066:Multiple nuclei model
3056:Concentric zone model
3041:Mixed-use development
2914:Most expensive cities
2899:World's cities by GDP
1517:which covers the UK.
1388:Functional Urban Area
1322:
1277:Metro Iloilo–Guimaras
1227:(which is located in
1219:(which is located in
1211:(which is located in
1157:; two are located in
1102:
1037:Further information:
1015:Further information:
1009:Further information:
912:South East Queensland
846:
727:Further information:
696:Further information:
638:In Brazil, the terms
615:
532:Functional urban area
204:Definitions of cities
176:
153:
3982:Leapfrog development
3928:Complete Communities
3785:Intelligent urbanism
3712:Garden city movement
3655:Economic development
3587:Environmental design
3265:Sustainable urbanism
3240:Green infrastructure
2361:on 23 September 2015
2219:(in Spanish). CONAPO
2194:www150.statcan.gc.ca
2058:(4): 695–708. 1922.
2025:World Economic Forum
1546:Metropolitan economy
1500:travel to work areas
1295:United Arab Emirates
1269:Metro Cagayan de Oro
1151:Islamabad-Rawalpindi
834:Asia and the Pacific
782:(OMB) defined 1,098
753:zonas metropolitanas
735:zonas metropolitanas
708:census agglomeration
648:região metropolitana
544:municipal government
443:in Germany, and the
227:Settlement hierarchy
72:improve this article
4388:Communist countries
4012:Planning Permission
3949:Filtering (housing)
3923:Cluster development
3732:Settlement movement
3717:Indigenous planning
3305:Urban reforestation
2924:Most livable cities
1841:. new geography.com
1755:Urban Agglomeration
1437:Metropolitan Cities
1177:; and the final in
1057:urban agglomeration
653:urban agglomeration
508:European Commission
488:urban agglomeration
310:urban agglomeration
87:"Metropolitan area"
4557:Metropolitan areas
4271:Planning education
4231:Elizabeth Farrelly
4075:High-rise urbanism
3913:Affordable housing
3452:World Urbanism Day
3204:Urban homesteading
3129:throughout history
2555:"Functional areas"
1814:"Federal Register"
1331:
1171:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1108:
1103:Satellite view of
853:
823:social integration
815:county equivalents
658:aglomeração urbana
628:
388:in areas like the
183:
171:
4544:
4543:
4501:Cities portal
4425:Civil engineering
4406:
4405:
4259:
4258:
4088:
4087:
4056:Peri-urbanisation
3876:Planned community
3707:Dark-sky movement
3697:Car-free movement
3671:
3670:
3625:Trip distribution
3561:Regional planning
3514:Urban green space
3482:Land-use planning
3457:Labor market area
3447:Growth management
3422:Metropolitan area
3336:
3335:
3329:Cities portal
3290:Urban heat island
3199:Urban exploration
3071:Linear settlement
3019:Public open space
2859:direct-controlled
2809:Abandoned village
2764:Metropolitan area
2586:Statistics Sweden
2387:. 25 January 1974
2316:978-0-8213-9865-4
2009:on July 23, 2009.
1967:978-92-76-20306-3
1934:978-92-76-20306-3
1772:978-953-51-3897-6
1733:
1732:
1685:Larger urban zone
1680:Industrial region
1556:Urban heat island
1442:Metropolitan City
1348:larger urban zone
1053:metropolitan area
998:关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见
937:City Corporations
784:statistical areas
640:metropolitan area
617:Greater São Paulo
454:, the concept of
439:in Pakistan, the
322:transport network
302:metropolitan area
298:
297:
264:Cities portal
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
4579:
4532:
4531:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4450:Land development
4301:
4136:Donald Appleyard
4097:
3847:Mining community
3800:Radical planning
3747:Transition towns
3682:
3498:Spatial planning
3472:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3310:Zero-carbon city
3255:Sustainable city
3209:Unitary urbanism
3179:Urban morphology
3116:Urban population
3086:Bicycle-friendly
2866:Independent city
2841:Urban government
2799:Shrinking cities
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2637:
2631:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2507:. Archived from
2497:
2491:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2409:. Archived from
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2272:(12 July 2016).
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:. Archived from
2003:"Whitehouse.gov"
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1891:. Archived from
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1746:
1525:
1524:
1381:
1061:spatial planning
1000:
999:
986:
985:
980:
979:
794:(CBSAs) and 169
688:or state level.
674:Federal District
334:principal cities
318:commercial areas
290:
283:
276:
262:
261:
260:
199:
185:
165:in the east and
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4572:Urban geography
4547:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4495:
4493:
4484:
4480:Social sciences
4440:Urban economics
4412:
4402:
4371:
4345:
4292:
4255:
4219:
4186:Peter Calthorpe
4141:Ebenezer Howard
4102:
4084:
4071:Verticalization
3901:
3809:
3795:Market urbanism
3790:Livable streets
3756:
3677:
3667:
3649:
3606:
3573:
3555:
3523:
3467:
3461:
3400:
3372:
3367:
3337:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3314:
3213:
3189:Urban sociology
3150:
3110:
3101:Pedestrian zone
2985:
2919:Cheapest cities
2891:Urban economics
2885:
2876:Autonomous city
2835:
2794:Suburbanization
2687:Urban geography
2681:
2676:
2636:. October 2016.
2629:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2169:www.ibge.gov.br
2163:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2111:www.ibge.gov.br
2105:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2087:. SAGE Journals
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2064:10.2307/1837536
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1868:demographia.com
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1646:
1622:
1566:
1523:
1488:
1463:
1457:defined areas.
1450:
1432:
1413:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1336:
1303:
1297:
1197:
1191:
1124:
1118:
1097:
1041:
1035:
1019:
1013:
1007:
965:
929:
841:
836:
773:
767:
761:
731:
725:
716:
700:
694:
678:
677:
636:
610:
605:
577:
572:
484:
326:infrastructures
294:
258:
256:
155:Satellite image
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4585:
4583:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4504:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4341:United Kingdom
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Czech Republic
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4251:Randal O'Toole
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Patrick Geddes
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4171:Kevin A. Lynch
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Guy Benveniste
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4131:Daniel Burnham
4128:
4126:Colin Buchanan
4123:
4121:Clarence Stein
4118:
4116:Clarence Perry
4113:
4107:
4105:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4068:
4063:
4061:Urban vitality
4058:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:Healthy cities
3965:
3960:
3958:Brusselization
3954:Gentrification
3951:
3946:
3943:Eminent domain
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3815:Cities by type
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:Context theory
3772:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3692:Athens Charter
3688:
3686:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:Urban planning
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Urban forestry
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3245:Green urbanism
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:Climate change
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3014:Urban planners
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2991:Urban planning
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Municipal bond
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Satellite city
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2634:United Nations
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3832:Commuter town
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3805:Urban renewal
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3504:Redevelopment
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3300:Urban prairie
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3270:Urban ecology
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3194:Anti-urbanism
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2966:Urban renewal
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2742:Commuter town
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2413:on 2019-09-18
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2385:Indian Kanoon
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1273:Metro Dagupan
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1262:
1258:
1257:Metro Bacolod
1254:
1253:Metro Angeles
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777:United States
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759:United States
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702:In Canada, a
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689:
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676:) boundaries.
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517:
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509:
506:In 2020, the
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453:
452:United States
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390:eurodistricts
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346:neighborhoods
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338:jurisdictions
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89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Commuter belt
4534:
4511:
4492:
4420:Architecture
4393:Nazi Germany
4201:Thomas Adams
4181:Loretta Lees
4176:Le Corbusier
4146:Edmund Bacon
4111:Andrés Duany
4066:Urbanization
4052:Urban sprawl
4017:Rural flight
3997:Permeability
3992:Model cities
3864:Logging camp
3823:Company town
3737:Smart growth
3727:New Urbanism
3509:Urban design
3421:
3320:
3280:Urban forest
3164:New Urbanism
3061:Sector model
3046:Urban design
2939:Modern ruins
2881:Capital city
2854:Municipality
2831:College town
2789:Urbanization
2763:
2605:
2594:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2533:. Retrieved
2509:the original
2504:
2495:
2482:
2472:
2460:The National
2459:
2449:
2436:
2426:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:the original
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2356:the original
2351:
2339:
2325:
2305:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2281:
2277:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2232:
2221:. Retrieved
2197:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
2148:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2119:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2055:
2051:
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2015:
2007:the original
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1976:
1943:
1910:
1901:
1893:the original
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1808:
1790:
1781:
1754:
1744:
1716:Urban sprawl
1675:Ecumenopolis
1631:Smart growth
1626:New Urbanism
1551:Urban sprawl
1504:
1489:
1464:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1414:
1404:aire urbaine
1402:
1400:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1337:
1324:The Downtown
1304:
1281:Metro Butuan
1261:Metro Baguio
1233:Metro Manila
1209:Metro Manila
1198:
1161:, including
1125:
1109:
1052:
1042:
1020:
992:
966:
930:
865:
860:
854:
808:
774:
752:
750:
734:
732:
717:
707:
703:
701:
686:municipality
682:microregions
679:
669:
665:
657:
651:
647:
639:
597:Johannesburg
585:South Africa
578:
575:South Africa
553:
549:
536:
505:
485:
449:
423:such as the
421:central city
413:central city
394:
305:
301:
299:
134:
128:October 2021
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
4413:disciplines
4236:Jane Jacobs
4161:James Rouse
4042:Urban decay
4027:Third place
4002:Placemaking
3852:Pit village
3842:Global city
3218:Environment
3106:Walkability
3091:Cyclability
3024:Green space
2976:Habitat III
2944:Shanty town
2929:Urban decay
2904:Global city
2849:City status
2826:Closed city
2779:Megalopolis
2759:Conurbation
2747:City proper
2727:Twin cities
2700:City centre
2505:Urban Audit
1670:Conurbation
1376: [
1225:Metro Davao
1201:Philippines
1189:Philippines
1179:Balochistan
973:megalopolis
788:Puerto Rico
497:Long Island
468:megalopolis
222:Megalopolis
212:Conurbation
163:Long Island
43:conurbation
4551:Categories
4156:Ian McHarg
4101:Theorists/
3878:(New town)
3837:Ghost town
3676:Concepts/
3412:Urban area
3295:Urban park
3230:Eco-cities
3081:Smart city
3031:Urban wild
2871:City-state
2804:Ghost town
2769:Metropolis
2695:Urban area
2564:2022-04-09
2535:2022-04-09
2417:2021-06-15
2391:7 December
2223:2020-12-29
2199:2024-08-13
2174:2021-04-02
2150:2021-04-02
2121:2021-04-02
2030:2022-04-19
1873:22 October
1845:October 5,
1823:October 5,
1736:References
1721:Urban area
1706:Metropolis
1329:Metropolis
1285:Metro Naga
1217:Metro Cebu
1143:Gujranwala
1139:Faisalabad
1133:including
1059:where its
1051:defines a
933:Bangladesh
927:Bangladesh
898:Wollongong
885:Queanbeyan
819:urban area
769:See also:
644:Portuguese
528:World Bank
526:, and the
482:Definition
472:regiopolis
441:Rhine-Ruhr
409:urban core
405:urban area
314:industries
98:newspapers
39:metropolis
37:Compare a
32:Metro Area
4445:Geography
4357:Barcelona
4336:Singapore
4311:Australia
4304:Countries
3918:Cityscape
3685:Movements
3051:Grid plan
2959:Squatting
2821:Tent city
2816:Lost city
2737:Edge city
2722:Core city
2437:Gulf News
1498:defines "
1169:; one in
1167:Hyderabad
1089:Palembang
1045:Indonesia
1033:Indonesia
917:Melbourne
890:Newcastle
849:Melbourne
839:Australia
827:commuting
706:(CMA) or
478:is used.
380:and even
378:districts
350:townships
167:Manhattan
4567:Capitals
4513:Category
4362:Shanghai
4264:Training
3906:Concepts
3897:Boomtown
3887:Arcology
3859:Man camp
3827:Monotown
3780:Ekistics
3762:Theories
3678:theories
3519:Urbanism
3468:branches
3437:Planning
3432:Land use
3386:Theories
3156:Urbanism
3076:Land use
2949:Skid row
2774:Megacity
2705:Downtown
2642:Geopolis
2487:Archived
2464:Archived
2441:Archived
2254:April 2,
2245:Archived
2144:Archived
2115:Archived
2091:28 April
2069:29 March
1987:27 April
1701:Metrobus
1691:Megacity
1521:See also
1471:Istanbul
1394:and the
1392:Eurostat
1344:Eurostat
1229:Mindanao
1175:Peshawar
1127:Pakistan
1116:Pakistan
1095:Malaysia
1085:Makassar
1077:Semarang
1069:Surabaya
987:) until
907:Mandurah
881:Canberra
811:counties
603:Americas
445:Randstad
374:counties
354:boroughs
217:Megacity
189:Ekistics
4535:Commons
4411:Related
4224:Critics
3977:LEED-ND
3475:General
3405:General
3396:Outline
3381:History
2365:28 July
2288:20 June
1479:Kocaeli
1469:, like
1411:Germany
1373:
1310:Sharjah
1237:Bulacan
1223:), and
1221:Visayas
1163:Karachi
1149:; one (
1073:Bandung
1065:Jakarta
991:issued
921:Geelong
876:Wodonga
542:-level
450:In the
386:nations
370:suburbs
330:housing
157:of the
112:scholar
4562:Cities
4383:Africa
4367:Sydney
4350:Cities
4331:Serbia
4326:Russia
4297:Places
4093:People
4080:Zoning
3963:Infill
3427:Suburb
3036:Zoning
2934:Ghetto
2752:limits
2712:Suburb
2679:Cities
2313:
1964:
1931:
1769:
1467:Turkey
1461:Turkey
1448:Sweden
1354:France
1334:Europe
1287:, and
1249:Cavite
1247:, and
1245:Laguna
1183:Quetta
1147:Multan
1135:Lahore
1131:Punjab
1055:as an
1047:, the
894:Sydney
872:Albury
723:Mexico
692:Canada
650:) and
621:Brazil
608:Brazil
570:Africa
540:county
522:, the
518:, the
514:, the
510:, the
417:suburb
382:states
366:exurbs
358:cities
179:Madrid
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
41:and a
4376:Other
4316:China
3752:YIMBY
3722:NIMBY
3528:Rural
3500:(Eur)
3466:Major
3391:Index
2717:Exurb
2630:(PDF)
2582:(PDF)
2559:INSEE
2530:INSEE
2359:(PDF)
2348:(PDF)
2248:(PDF)
2241:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1817:(PDF)
1800:(PDF)
1687:(LUZ)
1644:Terms
1511:ESPON
1430:Italy
1380:]
1366:INSEE
1327:Dubai
1314:Ajman
1306:Dubai
1241:Rizal
1213:Luzon
1159:Sindh
1081:Medan
1023:India
1005:India
969:China
963:China
903:Perth
859:uses
714:Chile
564:trade
495:, on
464:urban
429:Paris
399:of a
362:towns
306:metro
235:Lists
119:JSTOR
105:books
3945:(US)
3552:(UK)
3489:(US)
3417:City
2954:Slum
2393:2023
2367:2014
2311:ISBN
2290:2021
2256:2013
2140:IBGE
2093:2023
2071:2023
1989:2016
1962:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1875:2013
1847:2023
1825:2023
1767:ISBN
1505:The
1490:The
1452:The
1396:OECD
1338:The
1199:The
855:The
847:The
579:The
524:OECD
415:and
397:core
384:and
340:and
328:and
91:news
2483:CNN
2060:doi
1954:doi
1921:doi
1759:doi
1509:'s
1494:'s
1215:),
1043:In
1021:In
984:都市圈
978:城市群
967:In
931:In
813:or
619:in
304:or
74:by
4553::
4073:/
4054:/
3970:/
3956:/
3825:/
2632:.
2584:.
2557:.
2544:^
2528:.
2517:^
2503:.
2485:.
2481:.
2462:.
2458:.
2439:.
2435:.
2383:.
2350:.
2280:.
2276:.
2208:^
2192:.
2167:.
2142:.
2138:.
2113:.
2109:.
2056:27
2054:.
2050:.
2023:.
1960:.
1927:.
1866:.
1765:.
1757:.
1753:.
1378:fr
1291:.
1283:,
1279:,
1275:,
1271:,
1267:,
1263:,
1259:,
1255:,
1243:,
1239:,
1185:.
1181::
1173::
1145:,
1141:,
1137:,
1087:,
1083:,
1079:,
1075:,
1071:,
1067:,
1029:.
959:.
951:,
947:,
943:,
646::
503:.
376:,
372:,
368:,
364:,
360:,
356:,
352:,
348:,
344::
336:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
300:A
3362:e
3355:t
3348:v
2671:e
2664:t
2657:v
2588:.
2567:.
2538:.
2420:.
2395:.
2369:.
2319:.
2292:.
2282:1
2258:.
2226:.
2202:.
2177:.
2153:.
2124:.
2095:.
2073:.
2062::
2033:.
1991:.
1970:.
1956::
1937:.
1923::
1877:.
1849:.
1827:.
1775:.
1761::
1312:-
1308:-
995:(
975:(
919:-
905:-
896:-
892:-
883:-
874:-
668:(
656:(
642:(
635:.
427:(
289:e
282:t
275:v
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
68:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
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