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132:
66:
25:
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providing information about rules, regulations, culture, public tenders and the market of the host country; by providing support during the partner search; and by providing assistance in trade disputes, fairs, and missions. Especially for companies that have financial limitations, access to reliable information and a broad network abroad are essential.
367:
Other activities for commercial diplomacy and rationales that companies need are: need for access to reliable and neutral business information; credibility and image support in foreign markets; partner search; conflict handling; support of home country delegations (state missions); strategic concerns
226:
Commercial diplomacy emphasizes the government's role, being defined as "a government service to the business community, which aims at the development of socially beneficial international business ventures". It is "the work of diplomatic missions in support of the home country's business and finance
208:
that focuses on development of business between two countries. It aims at generating commercial gains in the form of trade and inward and outward investment by means of business and entrepreneurship promotion and facilitation activities in the host country. Commercial diplomacy is pursued with the
254:
In this context, commercial diplomacy is profitable in that it makes exporting and operating abroad easier; it is a valuable instrument for export promotion and operating abroad; it enables companies to perform tasks abroad more quickly and increases the amount of exports and company results by
242:
Commercial diplomacy is designed to influence foreign government policy and regulatory decisions that affect global trade, investment and commerce. It is concerned with government regulations and actions that affect international commerce—including standards in areas such as health, safety, the
263:
Traditional commercial diplomacy activities include facilitating, negotiating, promoting and arbitrating international trade, investment, intellectual property and commerce, and advocating
Responsible Commercial Diplomacy (RCD), together with networking, capacity building, intelligence, image
217:
and commercial diplomacy are often used interchangeably. Definitions of both concepts vary, and consequently the relationship between them is also described differently. Some authors argue that commercial diplomacy is a subset of economic diplomacy. It is certain, however, that both kinds of
251:; competition policy and laws concerning bribery and corruption; agricultural support programs; and industrial subsidies. Potter (2004) argues that commercial diplomacy is a value-creating activity due to its usefulness in dealing with managerial and government concerns.
212:
As a term, "commercial diplomacy" emerged in the second half of the twentieth century (e.g., Joseph, 1965; Corbet, 1972), but the concept certainly existed in previous centuries. In literature the concepts of
227:
sectors and includes the promotion of inward and outward investment, as well as trade". Commercial diplomacy thus includes "all aspects of business support and promotion" including investment,
835:
920:
481:
Ruel, H. J. M. and Visser, R. (2012). "Commercial
Diplomats as corporate entrepreneurs: explaining role behavior from an institutional perspective",
1057:
423:
Naray, O. (2008). "Commercial
Diplomacy: A Conceptual Overview." Conference paper for the 7th World Conference of TPOs – The Hague, The Netherlands.
588:
38:
513:
Multilateral commercial diplomacy; the
General agreement on tariffs and trade, and its impact on national commercial policies and techniques
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732:
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44:
1529:
1174:
915:
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Kotabe, M., and
Czinkota, M. R. (1992). "State government promotion of manufacturing exports: A gap analysis",
605:
Commerciële diplomatie en internationaal ondernemen: Koopman versus dominee in de nieuwe economische wereldorde
702:
Busschers, S. (2012). "The Value of
Commercial Diplomacy from an International Entrepreneurs perspective", in
603:
1282:
1046:
993:
977:
966:
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1377:
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Government
Agencies in Commercial Diplomacy: Seeking the Optimal Agency Structure for Foreign Trade Policy
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236:
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722:(Den Haag: Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen Clingendael, April 2007): p. 41.
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384:
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214:
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435:"Tough times, shifting roles: examining the EU's commercial diplomacy in foreign energy markets"
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Reuvers, S. and Ruel, H. J. M., "Research on
Commercial Diplomacy: Review and Implications" in
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diplomacy are "irrevocably intertwined" and thus "distinct obviously closely related to ".
689:
Potter, E. H. (2004). "Branding Canada: The
Renaissance of Canada's Commercial Diplomacy",
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Commercial
Diplomacy and International Business: a conceptual and empirical exploration
499:
Commercial Diplomacy and International Business: a conceptual and empirical exploration
147:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
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1327:
1317:
1026:
1021:
760:
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environment, and consumer protection; regulations covering services such as banking,
534:
Corbet, Hugh (1972). "Australian commercial diplomacy in a new era of negotiation".
673:
Naray, O. (2010). "What a good Commercial Diplomat has to know and be capable of",
647:
Naray, O. (2010). "Commercial Diplomats in the Context of International Business",
451:
434:
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Otte, T. G. (2016), ""A Kind of Black Hole"?: Commercial Diplomacy Before 1914",
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The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century
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goal of gaining economic stability, welfare, or competitive advantage.
264:
campaigns and support. These activities are shown in the table below.
1332:
958:
706:, Ruel, H. J. M., ed. (Advanced series in Management, Emerald, 2012).
501:, Ruel, H. J. M., ed. (Advanced series in Management, Emerald, 2012).
232:
16:
Diplomacy focused on development of business between two countries
854:
675:
Exchange: The Magazine for International Business and Diplomacy
125:
59:
18:
304:
Participating in trade fairs, introducing potential exporters
293:
In negotiations; contract implementation and problem-solving
83:
820:
Commercial Diplomacy in International Entrepreneurship
140:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
340:
Search for partners, distributors, investors, lawyers
94:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
1510:
1484:
1386:
1210:
1139:
1119:
1091:
1035:
1002:
986:
941:
908:
899:
892:
287:Gathering and disseminating commercial information
573:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 25–68,
321:Supervision of violations of IPRs and contracts
720:Commercial Diplomacy and international business
805:Commercial Diplomacy and the National Interest
483:International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy
866:
8:
284:Developing business and government contacts
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
905:
896:
873:
859:
851:
602:Okano-Heijmans, M., and Ruel, H. (2011). "
636:Journal of International Business Studies
578:
450:
189:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
664:. North Carolina State University, p. 8.
343:Image studies, joint scientific research
266:
416:
318:Sensitizing potential foreign investors
782:
772:
625:(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001): p. 128.
75:contains content that is written like
1058:Conseiller chargé des investissements
714:
712:
685:
683:
7:
1577:
718:Kostecki, M., and Naray, O. (2007).
493:
491:
691:International Studies Perspectives
14:
807:, American Academy of Diplomacy.
439:Journal of European Public Policy
34:This article has multiple issues.
1576:
1565:
1564:
307:Gathering export marketing data
151:. Please discuss further on the
130:
64:
23:
1552:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
839:, United Nations Publications,
836:A Guide to Commercial Diplomacy
734:A Guide to Commercial Diplomacy
433:Stoddard, Edward (2016-06-08).
332:Gathering export marketing data
42:or discuss these issues on the
649:The Hague Journal of Diplomacy
1:
452:10.1080/13501763.2016.1170190
349:Coordination of legal action
1547:Twin towns and sister cities
822:, Emerald Group Publishing.
329:Consultant to both countries
290:Promoting goods and services
580:10.1057/978-1-137-46581-8_2
1621:
1540:Plenipotentiary Conference
1560:
677:, 2 (December 2010): 8-9.
623:A Dictionary of Diplomacy
548:10.1080/10357717208444425
315:Reporting to home country
1530:Parliamentary delegation
1409:Diplomatic accreditation
1175:African Diplomatic Corps
916:Permanent representative
833:United Nations, (2019),
737:. United Nations. 2019.
511:Curzon, Gerard. (1965).
978:Deputy chief of mission
933:Resident representative
818:Ruël, H., ed., (2012),
610:International Spectator
1424:Diplomatic credentials
1015:Resident commissioner
987:Bilateral-subnational
660:Ozdem, M. I. (2009).
312:Buyer-seller meetings
237:intellectual property
149:neutral point of view
96:neutral point of view
1147:Apostolic nunciature
1047:Agricultural attaché
845:10.18356/61e64df4-en
743:10.18356/61e64df4-en
202:Commercial diplomacy
1439:Diplomatic immunity
1399:Consular assistance
928:Ambassador-at-large
359:Awareness campaigns
88:promotional content
1605:Types of diplomacy
1497:Letter of credence
1459:Diplomatic uniform
1454:Diplomatic service
1434:Diplomatic illness
1429:Diplomatic history
1182:Diplomatic mission
1099:Diplomatic courier
1079:Trade commissioner
942:Bilateral-national
803:Knopp, H. (2004),
536:Australian Outlook
385:Economic diplomacy
270:Network activities
245:telecommunications
215:economic diplomacy
90:and inappropriate
1592:
1591:
1502:Letter of protest
1470:Persona non grata
1404:Consular immunity
1202:Exclusive mandate
1135:
1134:
1087:
1086:
1052:Chargé de mission
1003:Bilateral-insular
967:Chargé d'affaires
954:High commissioner
638:, 23(4), 637-658.
621:Berridge, G. J.,
612:, 65(9), 463-467.
590:978-1-137-46580-1
395:Medical diplomacy
378:Defence diplomacy
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364:
346:Tourism promotion
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181:
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173:
144:with its subject.
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1580:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1419:Diplomatic cable
1197:Protecting power
1170:Diplomatic corps
1111:Foreign minister
1104:King's Messenger
1069:Military attaché
1064:Cultural attaché
906:
897:
875:
868:
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445:(7): 1048–1068.
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405:Public diplomacy
400:Public diplomacy
390:Energy diplomacy
368:(e.g., energy).
354:Personal network
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169:
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142:close connection
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77:an advertisement
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27:
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1518:Development aid
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1480:
1449:Diplomatic rank
1382:
1206:
1187:High commission
1131:
1127:Diplomatic rank
1115:
1083:
1074:Science attaché
1031:
998:
982:
973:Head of mission
937:
901:
888:
879:
800:
798:Further reading
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771:
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301:Market research
276:Image campaigns
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1444:Diplomatic law
1441:
1436:
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1426:
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1414:Diplomatic bag
1411:
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693:, 5, 55-60.
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1476:Soft power
1348:Preventive
1338:Pilgrimage
1233:Commercial
949:Ambassador
900:Diplomatic
766:2020-08-17
411:References
259:Activities
249:accounting
84:improve it
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1492:Exequatur
1485:Documents
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1313:Migration
1288:Guerrilla
1278:Freelance
1253:Debt-trap
1223:Checkbook
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886:diplomats
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1599:Category
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1373:Track II
1268:Economic
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1228:Coercive
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1163:De facto
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1358:Science
1308:Medical
1298:Hostage
1293:Gunboat
1258:Digital
1248:Defence
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1140:Offices
1038:Attaché
233:R&D
229:tourism
222:Purpose
1535:Summit
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