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would be executed and their body would be thrown into the sea. This custom lasted until the nineteenth century. The last recorded person to participate in a race with the bostancibaşi was grand vizier Hacı Salih Pasha who, in
November 1822, outran the bostancibaşi and saved his life. He was so widely esteemed for winning the race that he got appointed governor general of the Damascus province. Executioners had their own graveyards, with uncarved and unpolished simple rough stones used as gravestones. The biggest of these graveyards is part of the
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108:
420:, who was given the post in exchange for her life being spared when the hangman due to execute her death sentence took ill on the day that she and 25 others were due to be hanged. Lady Betty offered to carry out the task in exchange for her death sentence being commuted to a life sentence, and she acted as
396:
could avoid execution by racing the bostancibaşi. If they reached the Fish Market Gate (on the southern side of the palace complex) from the
Central Gate of the palace complex before the bostancibaşi, they would be banished instead of being executed. If they were slower than the bostancibaşi, they
57:
365:, by Junichi Saga, one of the families surveyed in the Japanese village of Tsuchiura is that of an executioner family ("The Last Executioner", p. 54). This family does suffer social isolation, even though the family is somewhat well-off financially.
318:
provided six executioners between 1688 and 1847 and the
Deibler dynasty provided five between 1879 and its 1981 abolition. The latter's members included Louis Deibler, his son Anatole, Anatole's nephew Jules-Henri Desfourneaux, his other nephew
709:
The job of executioner had become part-time. Henri
Desfourneaux's two assistants also worked as a butcher and a hairdresser — fitting sidelines to their decapitating functions. The last guillotine operator, Marcel Chevalier, incumbent from
376:, bodyguards who guarded the sultan's palace. Members of the gardeners conducted executions of anyone whom the sultan wanted executed, but the most senior officials who were sentenced to death were dealt with by the head of the gardeners (
225:
Many executioners were professional specialists who traveled a circuit or region performing their duty, because executions were rarely very numerous. Within this region, a resident executioner would also administer
190:
or absolutist executioner. Symbolic or real, executioners were rarely hooded, and not robed in all black; hoods were only used if an executioner's identity and anonymity were to be preserved from the public. As
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222:, where the culprit receives their punishment from the hands of the comrades gravely harmed by their crime, e.g. for failing in vital sentinel duty or stealing from a ship's limited food supply.
1182:
249:
In medieval Europe executioners also taxed lepers and prostitutes, and controlled gaming houses. They were also in charge of the latrines and cesspools, and disposing of animal carcasses.
571:
532:
1115:
330:
In
Britain, the most notable dynasty was the Pierrepoints, who provided three executioners between 1902 and 1956 – Henry, his brother Thomas, and Henry's son
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780:
565:, Austria, on display next to a Bishop's staff. The executioner's sword is designed as a cutting weapon rather than stabbing, forged of brass and iron.
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159:. Common terms for executioners derived from forms of capital punishment—though they often also performed other physical punishments—include
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The term is extended to administrators of severe physical punishment that is not prescribed to kill, but which may result in death.
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While this task can be occasional in nature, it can be carried out in the line of more general duty by an officer of the court, the
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334:. Unlike in France and many other European countries, far from being shunned, British executioners such as
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424:'s hangwoman from then on. An unidentified woman hanged two men for murder on 13 November 1782 at
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The profession of executioner sometimes ran through a family, especially in France, where the
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were often shunned by their neighbours, with their work as knackers also disreputable. In
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81:), original dated 1898, of the lord high executioner of the former princely state of
175:). In the military, the role of executioner was performed by a soldier, such as the
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Tales from the German
Underworld: Crime and Punishment in the Nineteenth Century
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Print of
Execution of King Charles I of England 1649; the executioner is masked
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384:) in person. Bostancibaşi would give the person sentenced to death a cup of
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are not carried out by professional executioners, but by prison guards). In
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Robed figure of a medieval public executioner at the Museum of
Torture, in
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Robed figure of a medieval public executioner at the Museum of
Torture in
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the sentence. The warrant protects the executioner from the charge of
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In Japan, executioners have been held in contempt as part of the
246:, since pay from the rare executions was not enough to live off.
821:
432:. The sheriff received abuse for making a hangman of a woman.
605:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 145.
1183:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United
Nations
577:
19th-century Japanese executioner with sword and prisoner.
61:
Symbolic robed figure of a medieval public executioner at
111:
Stylised depiction of public execution of pirates in
1103:
915:
855:
781:"How Ireland's only female executioner got the job"
679:
538:17th century executioner's sword, Germany ca. 1600
85:, Central India, with large executioner's sword (
350:were widely known and respected by the public.
214:. A special case is the tradition of the Roman
97:Depiction of a public execution in Brueghel's
833:
147:The executioner was usually presented with a
37:"Headsman" redirects here. For the film, see
8:
650:(in Swedish). Book Sales. pp. 374–380.
644:Clarke, P.; Hardy, L.; Williams, A. (2008).
372:, the role of executioners was given to the
627:"The Executioners Who Inherited Their Jobs"
131:, is an official who effects a sentence of
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826:
818:
724:"The Ottoman Empire's Life-or-Death Race"
1188:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
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592:
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485:
27:Person who executes a sentence of death
751:"Cellat mezarlığı yok oluyor! GALERİ"
7:
1193:Capital punishment for homosexuality
307:), minor character executioners are
43:. For the comic book character, see
412:has the distinction of having had
25:
1116:Most recent executions by country
428:, near Dublin. The men were also
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543:
531:
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255:Executions in France (using the
1168:Religion and capital punishment
682:Guillotine, Its Legend and Lore
269:abolition of capital punishment
228:non-lethal physical punishments
151:authorising or ordering him to
810:. 23 November 1782. p. 1.
1:
1111:Enforcement or use by country
416:'s most notorious hangwoman,
722:Dash, Mike (22 March 2012).
115:, Germany, 10 September 1573
32:Executioner (disambiguation)
1038:Hanged, drawn and quartered
1245:
363:Memories of Silk and Straw
267:, served until the formal
242:, executioners were often
238:Europe, to the end of the
49:
36:
29:
857:Current judicial methods
305:The Widow of Saint-Peter
300:La veuve de Saint-Pierre
218:, continued in forms of
50:Not to be confused with
686:. Blast Books. p.
599:Evans, Richard (1998).
183:of an executioner is a
63:Peter and Paul Fortress
678:Gerould, D.C. (1992).
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323:, and André's nephew
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442:List of executioners
294:The Three Musketeers
220:running the gauntlet
100:The Triumph of Death
30:For other uses, see
1001:Republican marriage
930:Damnatio ad bestias
552:Executioner's sword
457:Executioner's sword
359:executions in Japan
240:early modern period
1214:Capital punishment
1173:Wrongful execution
1085:Suffocation in ash
941:Blowing from a gun
849:Capital punishment
761:. 9 September 2011
344:Albert Pierrepoint
311:by the villagers.
283:and its colonies,
195:noted in her 2018
133:capital punishment
123:, also known as a
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1224:Legal professions
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1178:Botched execution
697:978-0-922233-02-1
657:978-0-7088-0366-0
612:978-0-300-07224-2
374:Ottoman gardeners
261:French Revolution
45:Headsman (comics)
16:(Redirected from
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789:. Retrieved
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763:. Retrieved
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733:. Retrieved
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703:16 September
701:. Retrieved
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663:16 September
661:. Retrieved
647:Executioners
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408:The town of
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382:bostancıbaşı
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1131:Executioner
971:Crucifixion
946:Brazen bull
936:Blood eagle
917:Ancient and
897:Gas chamber
729:Smithsonian
631:Smithsonian
561:, ca. 1760
550:High Court
468:Pierrepoint
390:janissaries
348:Harry Allen
340:James Berry
230:, or apply
179:. A common
121:executioner
1208:Categories
1095:Waist chop
1059:Mazzatello
1053:Ishikozume
1048:Impalement
1043:Immurement
1033:Guillotine
981:Decimation
791:18 October
583:References
497:San Marino
426:Kilmainham
422:the county
418:Lady Betty
309:ostracized
275:In society
259:since the
257:guillotine
216:fustuarium
181:stereotype
1153:Last meal
1126:Death row
1028:Gibbeting
902:Beheading
759:Habertürk
755:Habertürk
556:Christian
430:quartered
410:Roscommon
355:burakumin
271:in 1981.
173:beheading
137:condemned
103:1562–1563
1229:Penology
1158:Penology
1070:Scaphism
1008:Elephant
996:Drowning
976:Crushing
870:Shooting
563:Salzburg
514:, Poland
436:See also
403:Istanbul
244:knackers
236:medieval
212:military
188:medieval
169:headsman
139:person.
129:headsman
69:, Russia
52:Executor
1080:Stoning
1023:Garrote
1018:Flaying
1013:Falling
966:Burning
951:Boiling
921:methods
907:Stoning
865:Hanging
765:14 July
735:14 July
559:epigram
482:Gallery
414:Ireland
386:sherbet
378:Turkish
368:In the
232:torture
177:provost
165:hanging
161:hangman
153:execute
149:warrant
125:hangman
113:Hamburg
1065:Sawing
961:Burial
694:
654:
609:
512:Żywiec
346:, and
332:Albert
204:police
185:hooded
167:) and
157:murder
89:sword)
1121:Crime
554:with
234:. In
135:on a
87:Tegha
83:Rewah
1136:list
793:2019
767:2024
737:2024
705:2018
692:ISBN
665:2018
652:ISBN
607:ISBN
710:...
401:in
279:In
127:or
119:An
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690:.
688:78
629:.
591:^
405:.
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303:(
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163:(
54:.
47:.
34:.
20:)
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