936:
658:
674:
597:
585:
715:
690:
727:
606:
618:
146:
630:
320:
646:
751:
121:
828:
985:
102:
47:
1222:
after he thrust it into the ground while visiting
Glastonbury in the first century AD. The tree was noteworthy because it flowered twice in a year, once in the late spring which is normal, but also once after the harshness of midwinter had passed. The original tree at Glastonbury Abbey, felled in the
1171:
for the same purpose. Hawthorn was sometimes placed on the coffin of a deceased person, on top of the person's corpse, or in the corpse's sock. In Bosnia, women would sometimes place a piece of hawthorn behind the headcloth of a recently deceased person, and then throw away the remaining twig on
578:) by its more upright growth, the leaves being deeply lobed, with spreading lobes, and the flowers having just one style, not two or three. They are interfertile, however, so hybrids occur frequently; they are only entirely distinct in their more typical forms.
892:, but they look similar to berries. A haw is small and oblong, similar in size and shape to a small olive or grape, and red when ripe. The haws develop in groups of two or three along smaller branches. They are pulpy and delicate in taste. In this species (
2072:
657:
1115:
are known, including the very popular 'Paul's
Scarlet' with dark pink double flowers. Other garden shrubs that have sometimes been suggested as possible hybrids involving the common hawthorn, include the
904:
The petals are also edible, as are the leaves, which if picked in spring when still young are tender enough to be used in salads. Hawthorn petals are used in the medieval
English recipe for spinee, an
1344:
1159:
As protection against witchcraft, hawthorn was sometimes placed in the cradles of infants, or around houses and doorways. The Greeks reportedly placed pieces of hawthorn in
2735:
935:
2349:
2571:
2437:
1860:
2670:
888:
The fruit of hawthorn, called haws, are edible raw but commonly made into jellies, jams, syrups, or wine, or to add flavour to brandy. Botanically, they are
1929:
517:, and deeply lobed, sometimes almost to the midrib, with the lobes spreading at a wide angle. The upper surface is dark green above and paler underneath.
995:
726:
1082:
use. Its spines and close branching habit render it effectively livestock- and human-proof, with some basic maintenance. The traditional practice of
801:
trees in the open field are eaten by animals. This does not allow them to grow and causes them to take a horizontally irregular shape on the ground.
68:
55:
2287:
673:
629:
2695:
2375:
2300:
1172:
their way home. If the deceased person was a vampire, it would focus its attention on the hawthorn instead of following the woman home. Among the
954:. The plant parts used are usually sprigs with both leaves and flowers, or alternatively the fruit ("berries"). Hawthorn has been investigated by
1340:
1768:
714:
2532:
2460:
2042:
1227:, has been propagated as the cultivar 'Biflora'. A replacement was planted by the local council in 1951, but was cut down by vandals in 2010.
531:
of 5–25 together; numerous red stamens and a single style; they are moderately fragrant. The flowers are white, frequently pink pollinated by
1424:
2230:
1519:
689:
2725:
2715:
1499:
849:
145:
2225:
1972:
1210: ft). The inscription on the plaque beneath reads: "This hawthorn is probably the oldest tree in France. Its origin goes back to
2720:
2006:
1685:
875:
584:
2705:
1053:
2050:
1704:
2336:
1445:
1025:
645:
2710:
2685:
2680:
2607:
1242:, south of Norwich, in Norfolk. It is reputed to be more than 700 years old, having been planted in the thirteenth century.
1010:
853:
2511:
2380:
1538:) Scrub in North Wales in Relation to Sheep Grazing." Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 27, no. 1, 1990, pp. 272-83. JSTOR,
390:. It is native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and Western Asia, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world.
2424:
1032:
605:
596:
1733:
Oztürk N, Tunçel M (2011). "Assessment of
Phenolic Acid Content and In Vitro Antiradical Characteristics of Hawthorn".
2558:
2362:
2166:
2143:
310:
838:
1188:
An ancient specimen, and reputedly the oldest tree of any species in France, is to be found alongside the church at
1039:
2612:
2545:
2442:
1514:
Clapham,A.R., Tutin, T.G. and
Warburg,E.F. 1968 "Excursion Flora of the British Isles." Cambridge University Press.
1380:
1375:
1996:
1868:
857:
842:
804:
A study in Wales indicted that current levels of overgrazing by sheep might extirpate the species in 60-70 years.
60:
2730:
1933:
405:
2690:
2465:
2013:
1460:
1189:
1021:
636:
617:
251:
2550:
267:
1144:
forces, and was also thought to be sacred in nature due to an association between the hawthorn bush and the
955:
782:
2269:
2124:
2700:
2264:
2181:
2086:
2064:
1117:
421:
2171:
1491:
535:, bees, and other insects, and later in the year bear numerous haws. The haw is a small, oval, dark red
475:
is dull brown with vertical orange cracks. The younger stems bear sharp thorns, about 12.5 millimetres (
294:
2305:
2452:
2238:
2191:
1775:
1099:
400:
1318:
1219:
110:
2416:
2675:
2640:
2537:
2217:
1253:
332:
140:
31:
2622:
1046:
2354:
2486:
2199:
2002:
1968:
1964:
1750:
1681:
1593:
1575:
1515:
1495:
1420:
1224:
1215:
1211:
913:
664:
417:
35:
695:
2491:
2393:
1742:
1583:
1565:
1313:
1235:
1094:
571:
2328:
2473:
1552:
Zhang, Juan; Chai, Xiaoyun; Zhao, Fenglan; Hou, Guige; Meng, Qingguo (15 September 2022).
1160:
1145:
1075:
733:
521:
383:
319:
183:
2632:
1196:. As of 2009, the tree had a height of 9 m (30 ft) and a girth of 2.65 m (
1132:
In pre-modern Europe, hawthorn was used as a symbol of hope, and also as a charm against
2058:
2519:
1989:
1611:
1588:
1553:
1214:(third century)"; this has not yet been verified. A famous specimen in England was the
968:
540:
170:
2576:
1295:
896:), they have only one seed, but other species of hawthorn may have up to five seeds.
750:
404:, a name that has been rejected by the botanical community as too ambiguous. In 1793,
2664:
2388:
1712:
1304:
1149:
556:
472:
130:
125:
2645:
2524:
2204:
1709:
University of
Maryland Medical Center: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Guide
1141:
1083:
940:
2403:
2148:
2135:
1861:"Common Hawthorn next to the church in Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie, Mayenne, France"
1675:
1402:
2599:
2563:
2501:
2429:
2411:
2313:
2118:
1231:
1173:
1079:
984:
965:
905:
827:
1885:
1097:
exist, some of which are used as garden shrubs. The most widely used hybrid is
17:
1366:
1251:
The hawthorn button-top gall on hawthorn is caused by the dipteran gall-midge
1177:
1133:
1002:
917:
2109:
1677:
Oxford
Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1986: The Cooking Medium: Proceedings
1579:
2251:
2028:
1260:
1168:
1087:
951:
239:
101:
2589:
2367:
1754:
1597:
46:
1746:
1570:
570:
The common hawthorn is distinguished from the related but less widespread
2584:
2158:
2103:
1890:
1653:
1274:
1140:. Hawthorn was believed by some to have the ability to inhibit intruding
1121:
1112:
552:
387:
229:
196:
2478:
2279:
950:
is one of the most common species used as the "hawthorn" of traditional
2292:
2212:
1193:
1164:
1137:
909:
706:
700:
560:
514:
219:
797:
Due to excessive animal grazing in the area, new shoots of vulnerable
527:
are produced in late spring (May to early June in its native area) in
2318:
1239:
786:
680:
528:
524:
486:
209:
2080:
2057:
2053:(photographs of a number of such trees, including Hethel Old Thorn)
2341:
2256:
1539:
1153:
934:
889:
536:
532:
464:
157:
1440:
564:
548:
544:
468:
2243:
2084:
2012:
Kheloufi, A., Mansouri, L. M., & Vanbellinghen, C. (2019).
1886:"BBC News – The mystery over who attacked the Holy Thorn Tree"
1124:, which is only very occasionally found in parks and gardens.
978:
821:
745:
471:
up to about 10 metres (33 feet) tall, with a dense crown. The
40:
1554:"Food Applications and Potential Health Benefits of Hawthorn"
398:
This species is one of several that have been referred to as
1238:, and is located in the churchyard in the small village of
1086:
is most commonly practised with this species. It is a good
1534:"Distribution, Longevity and Survival of Upland Hawthorn (
789:. Therefore, the trees in the region multiply with seeds.
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1798:
1796:
781:
Ireland and
Britain The mountains are very young in the
1218:
which, according to legend, sprouted from the staff of
1006:
971:, especially extracts of hawthorn leaves with flowers.
762:
1234:, and possibly in the United Kingdom, is known as the
27:
Species of flowering plant in the rose family
Rosaceae
2029:"Phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities of
1180:
wood were considered effective in impaling vampires.
2093:
1090:, which burns with a good heat and little smoke.
30:"May blossom" redirects here. For the films, see
1961:The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead
1912:Phipps, J.B.; O’Kennon, R.J.; Lance, R.W. 2003.
1263:about hawthorns, primarily the European species
1319:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T203426A68083007.en
1163:to prevent witches from entering houses, while
1916:. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, UK.
8:
1880:
1878:
1486:Parnell, J.; Curtis, T.; Webb, D.A. (2012).
1074:Common hawthorn is extensively planted as a
1011:introducing citations to additional sources
563:; these birds eat the haws and disperse the
856:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2081:
1294:Rivers, M.C.; Khela, S.; Mark, J. (2017).
439:, (as the plant generally flowers in May)
318:
119:
100:
89:
2736:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
1924:
1922:
1587:
1569:
1419:. American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
1317:
876:Learn how and when to remove this message
1001:Relevant discussion may be found on the
412:for a European hawthorn now included in
71:of all important aspects of the article.
1286:
580:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1802:
67:Please consider expanding the lead to
1932:. Wildlifetrusts.org/. Archived from
1699:
1697:
1416:(Rosaceae-Maloideae) in the Old World
1167:placed hawthorn on the thresholds of
7:
2613:89ce8787-657a-4a79-b9fe-035acb2d3d95
2453:af8c241e-1bf2-4767-af5d-7b01c947e73b
1230:The oldest known living specimen in
958:for treating cardiac insufficiency.
854:adding citations to reliable sources
2671:IUCN Red List least concern species
1305:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
916:' by the Chief Master-Cook of King
651:General view of the Saint-Mars tree
2027:Bahorun, Theeshan, et al. (2003).
1467:. International Dendrology Society
25:
2018:—a species with a stony endocarp"
1991:Trees of North America and Europe
1347:from the original on 15 July 2023
1341:"Mutel, Fl. Franç. 1: 358 (1834)"
2551:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:723820-1
1769:"The burning properties of wood"
994:relies largely or entirely on a
983:
826:
749:
725:
713:
688:
672:
656:
644:
628:
616:
604:
595:
583:
144:
45:
1540:https://doi.org/10.2307/2403584
1446:International Plant Names Index
59:may be too short to adequately
2696:Trees of Mediterranean climate
69:provide an accessible overview
1:
1620:Survival and Self Sufficiency
1401:Christensen, Knud Ib (1992).
1176:, stakes made of hawthorn or
921:
635:Bole of ancient specimen at
2033:(Hawthorn) callus extracts"
1542:. Accessed 8 February 2024.
1271:and hybrids between the two
667:cut down by vandals in 2010
427:Other common names include
2752:
2726:Medicinal plants of Europe
2716:Medicinal plants of Africa
2001:. New York: Random House.
1959:Melton, J. Gordon (1994).
1381:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1376:Plants of the World Online
543:-like, but structurally a
29:
1461:"Crataegus monogyna Jacq"
1216:Glastonbury or Holy Thorn
975:Gardening and agriculture
665:Glastonbury or Holy Thorn
551:. Haws are important for
463:The common hawthorn is a
338:
331:
326:
317:
300:
293:
141:Scientific classification
139:
117:
108:
99:
92:
2721:Medicinal plants of Asia
1774:. Scouts. Archived from
1643:, Collins, October 2001.
1190:Saint Mars sur la Futaie
732:Pink may on farmland in
637:Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie
555:in winter, particularly
2706:Garden plants of Europe
1465:Bean's Trees and Shrubs
1148:that, according to the
1118:various-leaved hawthorn
956:evidence-based medicine
720:Fruit containing a seed
539:about 10 mm long,
2065:Encyclopedia Americana
1312:: e.T203426A68083007.
1078:plant, especially for
944:
489:are 20 to 40 mm (
422:botanical nomenclature
380:single-seeded hawthorn
2711:Garden plants of Asia
2686:Flora of Western Asia
2681:Flora of North Africa
2039:47.3 (2003): 191–198.
2014:"Seed germination of
1997:registration required
1914:Hawthorns and medlars
1747:10.1089/jmf.2010.0063
1571:10.3390/foods11182861
1492:Cork University Press
1488:Webb's an Irish Flora
1441:"Crataegus apiifolia"
938:
353:Crataegus polyacantha
1988:Philips, R. (1978).
1111:), of which several
1022:"Crataegus monogyna"
1007:improve this article
850:improve this section
567:in their droppings.
547:containing a single
401:Crataegus oxyacantha
1936:on 24 February 2007
1781:on 23 December 2012
1220:Joseph of Arimathea
939:'Crimson Cloud' in
663:Replacement of the
420:under the rules of
408:published the name
386:in the rose family
111:Conservation status
2502:Crataegus_monogyna
2231:Crataegus_monogyna
2192:crataegus-monogyna
2125:Crataegus monogyna
2095:Crataegus monogyna
2074:Crataegus monogyna
2044:Crataegus monogyna
2031:Crataegus monogyna
2016:Crataegus monogyna
1930:"Hethel Old Thorn"
1838:, p. 295–296.
1680:, Prospect Books,
1674:Jaine, T. (1987),
1654:"Foods of England"
1614:Crataegus monogyna
1536:Crataegus Monogyna
1369:Crataegus monogyna
1298:Crataegus monogyna
1254:Dasineura crataegi
945:
799:Crataegus monogyna
761:. You can help by
382:, is a species of
367:Crataegus monogyna
304:Crataegus monogyna
94:Crataegus monogyna
32:May Blossom (film)
2656:
2655:
2487:Open Tree of Life
2087:Taxon identifiers
1965:Visible Ink Press
1426:978-0-912861-35-7
1225:English Civil War
1223:1640s during the
1109:C. laevigata
1072:
1071:
1057:
914:The Forme of Cury
886:
885:
878:
783:Eastern Anatolian
779:
778:
576:C. laevigata
416:but that name is
414:C. monogyna,
410:C. apiifolia
376:one-seed hawthorn
363:
362:
345:Crataegus elegans
340:Many, including:
327:Distribution map
134:
86:
85:
36:Mayblossom (film)
16:(Redirected from
2743:
2731:Ornamental trees
2649:
2648:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2430:NBNSYS0000003430
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2082:
2076:at Flora Iberica
2069:
2061:
2059:"Hawthorn"
2051:Hawthorn Gallery
2000:
1978:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1867:. Archived from
1865:Monumental trees
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1711:, archived from
1701:
1692:
1690:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1573:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1291:
1269:C. monogyna
1236:Hethel Old Thorn
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1161:casement windows
1152:, was placed on
1105:C. monogyna
1067:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1015:
987:
979:
926:
923:
894:C. monogyna
881:
874:
870:
867:
861:
830:
822:
774:
771:
753:
746:
729:
717:
704:
692:
676:
660:
648:
632:
620:
608:
599:
587:
572:Midland hawthorn
513: in) long,
512:
511:
507:
504:
498:
497:
493:
485:inch) long. The
484:
483:
479:
357:
349:
322:
306:
286:C. monogyna
272:
256:
149:
148:
128:
123:
122:
104:
90:
81:
78:
72:
49:
41:
21:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2691:Trees of Europe
2661:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2474:Observation.org
2472:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2401:MichiganFlora:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2089:
2056:
1994:
1985:
1975:
1958:
1955:
1953:Further reading
1950:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1871:on 19 May 2023.
1859:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1715:on 30 June 2017
1703:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1639:Richard Mabey,
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1530:J. E. G. Good,
1529:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1501:978-185918-4783
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1412:and nothosect.
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1248:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1146:crown of thorns
1130:
1100:C. × media
1068:
1062:
1059:
1016:
1014:
1000:
988:
977:
964:is a source of
933:
924:
902:
882:
871:
865:
862:
847:
831:
820:
815:
810:
795:
775:
769:
766:
759:needs expansion
744:
737:
734:North Yorkshire
730:
721:
718:
709:
698:
693:
684:
677:
668:
661:
652:
649:
640:
633:
624:
621:
612:
609:
600:
591:
588:
509:
505:
502:
500:
495:
491:
490:
481:
477:
476:
461:
396:
384:flowering plant
372:common hawthorn
355:
347:
313:
308:
302:
289:
270:
254:
143:
135:
124:
120:
113:
82:
76:
73:
66:
54:This article's
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Common hawthorn
15:
12:
11:
5:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:wfo-0001009785
2637:
2627:
2617:
2604:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2398:
2385:
2372:
2359:
2346:
2333:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2186:
2176:
2163:
2153:
2140:
2130:
2115:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2025:
2010:
1984:
1983:External links
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:978-1578590766
1973:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1918:
1905:
1894:. 4 April 2012
1874:
1852:
1850:, p. 297.
1840:
1828:
1826:, p. 296.
1807:
1805:, p. 295.
1792:
1760:
1741:(6): 664–669.
1725:
1693:
1686:
1666:
1645:
1632:
1603:
1544:
1523:
1507:
1500:
1478:
1452:
1432:
1425:
1393:
1358:
1332:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1258:
1247:
1244:
1185:
1182:
1129:
1126:
1070:
1069:
1063:September 2023
1005:. Please help
991:
989:
982:
976:
973:
969:phytochemicals
932:
929:
901:
898:
884:
883:
866:September 2023
834:
832:
825:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
794:
791:
777:
776:
756:
754:
743:
740:
739:
738:
731:
724:
722:
719:
712:
710:
694:
687:
685:
678:
671:
669:
662:
655:
653:
650:
643:
641:
634:
627:
625:
622:
615:
613:
610:
603:
601:
594:
592:
589:
582:
460:
457:
395:
392:
361:
360:
359:
358:
350:
336:
335:
329:
328:
324:
323:
315:
314:
309:
298:
297:
291:
290:
283:
281:
277:
276:
265:
261:
260:
249:
245:
244:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
118:
115:
114:
109:
106:
105:
97:
96:
84:
83:
63:the key points
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2748:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Trees of Asia
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2659:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:0-394-50259-0
2004:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:9780907325369
1683:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:Food for Free
1636:
1633:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:0 521 04656 4
1517:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:Crataeguineae
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1359:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1195:
1191:
1184:Notable trees
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:New Testament
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024: –
1023:
1019:
1018:Find sources:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
997:
996:single source
992:This section
990:
986:
981:
980:
974:
972:
970:
967:
963:
959:
957:
953:
949:
942:
937:
930:
928:
919:
915:
912:recorded in '
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:
891:
880:
877:
869:
859:
855:
851:
845:
844:
840:
835:This section
833:
829:
824:
823:
817:
812:
807:
805:
802:
800:
792:
790:
788:
784:
773:
764:
760:
757:This section
755:
752:
748:
747:
741:
735:
728:
723:
716:
711:
708:
702:
697:
691:
686:
682:
675:
670:
666:
659:
654:
647:
642:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
607:
602:
598:
593:
586:
581:
579:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:hermaphrodite
518:
516:
488:
474:
470:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
354:
351:
348:(Poir.) Mutel
346:
343:
342:
341:
337:
334:
330:
325:
321:
316:
312:
307:
305:
299:
296:
295:Binomial name
292:
288:
287:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:Tracheophytes
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
132:
127:
126:Least Concern
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
95:
91:
88:
80:
70:
64:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2658:
2094:
2073:
2063:
2043:
2037:Food/Nahrung
2036:
2030:
2021:
2015:
1990:
1960:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1913:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1889:
1869:the original
1864:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1783:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1763:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1717:, retrieved
1713:the original
1708:
1676:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1648:
1640:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1613:
1606:
1564:(18): 2861.
1561:
1557:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1510:
1487:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1444:
1435:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:Revision of
1403:
1396:
1386:27 September
1384:. Retrieved
1374:
1368:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1309:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1268:
1265:C. laevigata
1264:
1252:
1229:
1187:
1158:
1142:supernatural
1131:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1084:hedge laying
1080:agricultural
1073:
1060:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1017:
993:
961:
960:
947:
946:
903:
893:
887:
872:
863:
848:Please help
836:
803:
798:
796:
780:
767:
763:adding to it
758:
742:Distribution
575:
569:
519:
462:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
418:illegitimate
413:
409:
399:
397:
379:
375:
371:
366:
365:
364:
352:
344:
339:
303:
301:
285:
284:
268:
252:
240:
203:
190:
177:
164:
93:
87:
74:
58:
56:lead section
2412:NatureServe
2314:iNaturalist
2119:Wikispecies
2046:in Topwalks
2024:(7), 73–80.
1940:18 February
1848:Melton 1994
1836:Melton 1994
1824:Melton 1994
1803:Melton 1994
1625:9 September
1325:19 November
1232:East Anglia
1174:South Slavs
966:antioxidant
962:C. monogyna
948:C. monogyna
925: 1390
906:almond milk
699: [
459:Description
370:, known as
184:Angiosperms
2665:Categories
2620:WisFlora:
2520:Plant List
2179:Calflora:
1785:1 November
1735:J Med Food
1705:"Hawthorn"
1471:5 November
1281:References
1178:blackthorn
1169:cow houses
1134:witchcraft
1033:newspapers
918:Richard II
785:region of
445:whitethorn
441:quickthorn
433:mayblossom
269:Crataegus
253:Crataegus
2676:Crataegus
2270:250100133
2189:Cal-IPC:
2022:Reforesta
1719:3 October
1580:2304-8158
1410:Crataegus
1406:Crataegus
1212:St Julien
1165:Bohemians
1113:cultivars
1093:Numerous
1088:fire wood
1003:talk page
952:herbalism
837:does not
736:, England
683:Old Thorn
467:or small
449:motherdie
280:Species:
273:Crataegus
257:Crataegus
248:Section:
241:Crataegus
154:Kingdom:
61:summarize
2608:VicFlora
2597:VASCAN:
2590:27800045
2585:Tropicos
2499:PalDat:
2417:2.735801
2355:10696520
2342:723820-1
2226:eFloraSA
2156:BioLib:
2104:Wikidata
1898:15 March
1891:BBC News
1755:21554133
1659:16 April
1598:36140986
1345:Archived
1275:Haweater
1261:Folklore
1246:See also
1138:vampires
1122:Caucasus
943:, Nevada
931:Medicine
770:May 2024
639:, France
623:Close-up
561:waxwings
557:thrushes
553:wildlife
437:maythorn
388:Rosaceae
333:Synonyms
264:Series:
230:Rosaceae
226:Family:
197:Eudicots
131:IUCN 3.1
77:May 2022
2293:9220780
2213:Ecocrop
2110:Q161511
2068:. 1920.
1589:9498108
1351:15 July
1267:and/or
1205:⁄
1194:Mayenne
1128:Culture
1120:of the
1095:hybrids
1047:scholar
910:pottage
908:-based
858:removed
843:sources
793:Grazing
707:Belgium
696:Joncret
611:Flowers
590:Flowers
529:corymbs
525:flowers
515:obovate
508:⁄
494:⁄
480:⁄
406:Medikus
236:Genus:
220:Rosales
216:Order:
158:Plantae
129: (
2577:3447-2
2533:PLANTS
2525:rjp-49
2492:653070
2450:NZOR:
2443:140997
2394:203426
2280:cramon
2277:FoIO:
2244:628306
2172:288718
2133:APDB:
2005:
1971:
1753:
1684:
1596:
1586:
1578:
1532:et al.
1518:
1498:
1423:
1408:sect.
1240:Hethel
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
900:Petals
818:Fruits
787:Turkey
681:Hethel
533:midges
487:leaves
451:, and
210:Rosids
2630:WoI:
2572:SANBI
2538:CRMO3
2509:PFI:
2461:NZPCN
2381:24586
2368:16496
2350:IRMNG
2326:IPA:
2319:51147
2306:12122
2257:CSCMO
2205:6BB5X
2159:39595
2149:84219
2136:83785
1779:(PDF)
1772:(PDF)
1691:p. 70
1558:Foods
1371:Jacq"
1154:Jesus
1076:hedge
1054:JSTOR
1040:books
890:pomes
703:]
565:seeds
541:berry
537:fruit
465:shrub
394:Names
378:, or
311:Jacq.
255:sect.
204:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
165:Clade
2623:3271
2600:8700
2564:4775
2546:POWO
2512:2208
2479:6656
2466:3788
2438:NCBI
2404:2466
2389:IUCN
2376:ITIS
2337:IPNI
2329:5392
2301:GRIN
2288:GBIF
2252:EPPO
2218:4935
2182:8429
2167:BOLD
2144:APNI
2003:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1942:2007
1900:2014
1787:2010
1751:PMID
1721:2016
1682:ISBN
1661:2016
1627:2011
1594:PMID
1576:ISSN
1516:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1473:2021
1421:ISBN
1388:2022
1353:2023
1327:2021
1310:2017
1136:and
1026:news
941:Elko
841:any
839:cite
813:Food
808:Uses
679:The
559:and
549:seed
545:pome
520:The
473:bark
469:tree
271:ser.
34:and
2641:WFO
2633:453
2559:RHS
2425:NBN
2363:ISC
2265:FNA
2239:EoL
2200:CoL
1743:doi
1584:PMC
1566:doi
1314:doi
1009:by
852:by
765:.
499:to
453:haw
429:may
356:Jan
2667::
2643::
2610::
2587::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2535::
2522::
2489::
2476::
2463::
2440::
2427::
2414::
2391::
2378::
2365::
2352::
2339::
2316::
2303::
2290::
2267::
2254::
2241::
2228::
2215::
2202::
2169::
2146::
2121::
2106::
2062:.
2035:.
2020:.
1967:.
1963:.
1921:^
1888:.
1877:^
1863:.
1810:^
1795:^
1749:.
1739:14
1737:.
1707:,
1696:^
1618:.
1592:.
1582:.
1574:.
1562:11
1560:.
1556:.
1494:.
1490:.
1463:.
1443:.
1379:.
1373:.
1343:.
1308:.
1302:.
1192:,
1156:.
1107:×
927:.
922:c.
920:,
705:,
701:fr
455:.
447:,
443:,
435:,
431:,
424:.
374:,
206::
193::
180::
167::
2009:.
1999:)
1995:(
1977:.
1944:.
1902:.
1789:.
1757:.
1745::
1663:.
1629:.
1616:"
1612:"
1600:.
1568::
1504:.
1475:.
1449:.
1429:.
1390:.
1367:"
1355:.
1329:.
1316::
1300:"
1296:"
1257:.
1207:2
1203:1
1200:+
1198:8
1103:(
1065:)
1061:(
1051:·
1044:·
1037:·
1030:·
1013:.
999:.
879:)
873:(
868:)
864:(
860:.
846:.
772:)
768:(
574:(
510:2
506:1
503:+
501:1
496:4
492:3
482:2
478:1
133:)
79:)
75:(
65:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
