901:
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673:
692:
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707:
658:
643:
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92:
67:
528:
31:
269:, with populations showing plumage variations, some of which are designated as subspecies. A species found in scrub and forest, it is easily detected from its loud whistles and the bright colours. During the breeding season, males display by fluffing up their feathers and spiral in the air appearing like a green, black, yellow, and white ball.
597:
Two to four greenish white eggs are laid in a small and compact cup-shaped nest made out of grass and bound with cobwebs and placed in the fork of a tree. Both male and female incubate and eggs hatch after about 14 days. Nests predators include snakes, lizards, crow-pheasant and crows. Nests may also be brood-parasitized by the
237:
900:
596:
During the breeding season, mainly after the monsoons, the male performs an acrobatic courtship display, darting up into the air fluffing up all his feathers, especially those on the pale green rump, then spiralling down to the original perch. Once he lands, he spreads his tail and droops his wings.
495:
Ioras have a pointed and notched beak with a culmen that is straight. The common iora is sexually dimorphic, males in the breeding season have a black cap and back adding to a black wing and tail at all seasons. Females have greenish wings and an olive tail. The undersides of both are yellow and the
870:
840:
810:
885:
855:
825:
795:
775:
500:, however, the latter always has white tips to the tail. The nominate subspecies is found along the Himalayas and males of this population are very similar to females or have only a small amount of black on the crown. In northwestern India,
721:
496:
two white bars on the wings of the male are particularly prominent in their breeding plumage. The males in breeding plumage have a very variable distribution of the black on the upperparts and can be confused with
672:
623:
285:. He used the English name "The Green Indian Fly-Catcher". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen that had been sent from Bengal to the silk-pattern designer and naturalist
691:
657:
642:
706:
1586:
1625:
1692:
571:
Ioras forage in trees in small groups, gleaning among the branches for insects. They sometimes join mixed species feeding flocks. The call is a mixture of
1165:
1560:
1599:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1712:
44:
604:
Ioras moult twice in a year and the plumage variation makes them somewhat complicated for plumage based separation of the populations.
999:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1395:
763:
43:
748:
582:
1707:
1651:
300:
207:
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512:
has the breeding males with a jet black cap and mantle. The forms in the rest of southern India are intermediate between
1702:
1498:
973:
278:
1630:
1036:
91:
42:
682:
474:
508:
males in breeding plumage have a black cap and olive on the upper mantle. In southwestern India and Sri Lanka
397:
1485:
1412:
1212:
1180:
1503:
1013:
329:
186:
1450:
982:. Vol. Part II. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 79, Plate 79.
1656:
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735:
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262:
56:
1697:
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415:
216:
86:
497:
1591:
1617:
1521:
1400:
1083:
598:
457:, 1912 – southeast Myanmar and southwest Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and nearby islands
439:
1367:
1245:
1040:
1002:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 186.
946:
633:
590:
464:
286:
1490:
1017:
1638:
371:
295:
281:
included an illustration and a description of the common iora in the second volume of his
1464:
928:
1208:
739:
535:
Several other populations across
Southeast Asia are designated as subspecies including
442:, 1886 – south-central China, east Myanmar, north Thailand and north, central Indochina
266:
1686:
1612:
993:
937:
356:
337:
313:
290:
203:
76:
71:
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609:
483:
430:
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997:
1573:
1444:
1318:
1291:
1264:
527:
1143:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 34. A preliminary review of the Aegithinidae"
1664:
1204:
1044:
386:
1045:"Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits"
755:
731:
379:
348:
324:
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255:
143:
103:
1435:
1643:
1429:
406:
375:
123:
30:
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1371:
579:. They may sometimes imitate the calls of other birds such as drongos.
1164:
Dickinson, E.C.; R.W.R.J. Dekker; S. Eck & S. Somadikarta (2003).
1249:
367:
113:
1578:
1539:
1406:
504:
is brighter yellow than others and in the northern plains of India
1534:
581:
526:
320:
304:
235:
40:
1217:. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Massachusetts. pp. 300–302.
1166:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 35. Types of the Aegithinidae"
1110:. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. pp. 344–346.
258:
163:
153:
133:
1552:
1410:
448:
Hall, BP, 1957 – southeast
Thailand, Cambodia and south Vietnam
351:
and other classical authors. The etymology of specific epithet
236:
1358:
de Mello, I. (1935). "New hæmoproteids of some Indian birds".
319:
and cited
Edwards' work. The common iora is now placed in the
1130:(2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 339–343.
617:, was described from a specimen of the common iora from Goa.
1141:
Wells, D.R.; E.C. Dickinson & R.W.R.J. Dekker (2003).
520:
with more grey-green on the rump (formerly considered as
1360:
Proceedings of the Indian
Academy of Sciences, Section B
1347:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 47–54.
328:
that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist
1292:"Frequency and duration of incubation of the eggs for
1345:
Handbook of the Birds of India and
Pakistan. Volume 6
575:, chattering and whistles, and the song is a trilled
547:
of southern
Myanmar and the island chain of Sumatra,
409:, 1957 – south, east India and north, central Myanmar
1319:"Casualties among the eggs and young of small birds"
312:. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
1419:
952:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22707433A94123624.en
1022:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 44.
1108:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
1019:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire
289:in London. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist
1214:Check-list of the birds of the world. Volume 9
539:of southern China and northern Thailand/Laos,
424:(Linnaeus, 1758) – north India to west Myanmar
8:
1072:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
790:Museum specimens for subspecies at Naturalis
240:Common Iora from Bangladesh by Sifat Sharker
1407:
907:Aegithina tiphia multicolor (Gmelin, 1789)
892:Aegithina tiphia multicolor (Gmelin, 1789)
877:Aegithina tiphia multicolor (Gmelin, 1789)
862:Aegithina tiphia multicolor (Gmelin, 1789)
524:but now used for the Burmese population).
486:, 1922 – north Borneo and west Philippines
65:
29:
20:
950:
1401:Common Iora videos, photos & sounds
1127:Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 1
919:
847:Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs, 1922
832:Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs, 1922
817:Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs, 1922
802:Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs, 1922
788:
619:
400:, 1789) – southwest India and Sri Lanka
1338:
1336:
1228:Marien, D (1952). "The systematics of
1119:
1117:
1101:
1099:
1074:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1051:. International Ornithologists' Union
1031:
1029:
7:
1693:IUCN Red List least concern species
979:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
938:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
303:, he placed the common iora in the
283:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1106:Rasmussen PC; JC Anderton (2005).
14:
418:, 1922 – central peninsular India
355:is uncertain. It may be from the
1049:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
899:
884:
869:
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839:
824:
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762:
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705:
690:
671:
656:
641:
622:
555:of Palawan and northern Borneo,
90:
1403:on the Internet Bird Collection
927:BirdLife International (2016).
477:, 1850) – central, south Borneo
347:, a mythical bird mentioned by
277:In 1747 the English naturalist
16:Species of small passerine bird
769:Adult breeding male, Singapore
1:
783:Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary
433:, 1939 – northwest Himalayas
1713:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1729:
1396:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1343:Ali, S; SD Ripley (1996).
1070:Jobling, James A. (2010).
261:found across the tropical
1290:Wesley, H Daniel (1984).
1263:Bharos, A. M. K. (1998).
222:
215:
192:
185:
87:Scientific classification
85:
63:
54:
37:
28:
23:
1323:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1300:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1273:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1265:"Mimicry by common Iora
945:: e.T22707433A94123624.
683:Narsapur, Medak district
1708:Birds described in 1758
1179:: 17–24. Archived from
909:, female, same specimen
849:, female, same specimen
781:Common Iora: female at
531:Common Iora, Male, Pune
467:, 1821) – Java and Bali
1014:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
593:
532:
241:
49:
879:, male, same specimen
819:, male, same specimen
754:Adult breeding male,
666:: female in Hyderabad
651:: female in Hyderabad
585:
567:Behaviour and ecology
530:
428:A. t. septentrionalis
330:Louis Pierre Vieillot
239:
47:
1230:Aegithina nigrolutea
1043:, eds. (July 2021).
715:: female in Narsapur
1703:Birds of Indomalaya
1236:(Aves, Irenidae)".
1124:Baker, ECS (1922).
736:Rangareddy district
700:: male in Hyderabad
263:Indian subcontinent
228:Linnaeus, 1758
57:Conservation status
48:Call of Common Iora
1372:10.1007/BF03053034
1173:Zool. Verh. Leiden
1147:Zool. Verh. Leiden
1039:; Donsker, David;
730:: male calling in
632:: male calling in
594:
563:of Java and Bali.
533:
242:
50:
1680:
1679:
1413:Taxon identifiers
1089:978-1-4081-2501-4
1041:Rasmussen, Pamela
599:banded bay cuckoo
452:A. t. horizoptera
332:. The genus name
234:
233:
80:
45:
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1465:Aegithina_tiphia
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1451:Aegithina tiphia
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1421:Aegithina tiphia
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728:A. t. multicolor
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713:A. t. multicolor
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698:A. t. multicolor
694:
679:A. t. multicolor
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664:A. t. multicolor
660:
649:A. t. multicolor
645:
634:Hyderabad, India
630:A. t. multicolor
626:
591:Hyderabad, India
587:A. t. multicolor
481:A. t. aequanimis
461:A. t. scapularis
446:A. t. cambodiana
394:A. t. multicolor
389:are recognised:
317:Motacilla tiphia
287:Joseph Dandridge
251:Aegithina tiphia
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225:Motacilla tiphia
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1317:Ali, S (1931).
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1181:the original
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154:Aegithinidae
24:Common iora
18:
1574:iNaturalist
1445:Wikispecies
1209:JC Greenway
1037:Gill, Frank
958:13 November
577:wheeeee-tee
545:horizoptera
491:Description
413:A. t. humei
246:common iora
38:Common iora
1687:Categories
1665:Xeno-canto
1190:2010-09-12
915:References
589:: male in
561:scapularis
549:cambodiana
514:multicolor
510:multicolor
455:Oberholser
416:Baker, ECS
398:Gmelin, JF
387:subspecies
1698:Aegithina
1279:(1): 116.
1250:2246/4066
1055:9 October
756:Singapore
732:Shamirpet
553:aeqanimis
475:Bonaparte
465:Horsfield
380:Argonauts
349:Aristotle
345:aiginthos
334:Aegithina
325:Aegithina
309:Motacilla
256:passerine
172:Species:
165:Aegithina
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
1618:22707433
1592:10213291
1491:22707433
1486:BirdLife
1430:Wikidata
1380:82402365
1244:: 1–17.
1016:(1816).
996:(1758).
976:(1747).
894:, female
834:, female
541:deignani
522:deignani
440:Oustalet
407:Hall, BP
376:helmsman
374:was the
341:aigithos
336:is from
299:for the
273:Taxonomy
217:Synonyms
204:Linnaeus
150:Family:
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
77:IUCN 3.1
1657:1451050
1566:2484096
1540:comior1
1514:comior1
1473:Avibase
1153:: 7–15.
742:, India
685:, India
557:viridis
537:philipi
385:Eleven
378:of the
370:who in
366:, from
160:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
1631:175021
1605:558449
1553:915647
1504:116945
1436:Q26537
1378:
1205:Mayr E
1086:
864:, male
804:, male
573:churrs
368:Tiphys
353:tiphia
1652:WoRMS
1644:75799
1587:IRMNG
1535:eBird
1527:658QP
1511:BOW:
1376:S2CID
1184:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
518:humei
506:humei
484:Bangs
431:Koelz
364:tiara
360:tuphē
321:genus
305:genus
1626:NCBI
1613:IUCN
1600:ITIS
1579:7938
1561:GBIF
1499:BOLD
1242:1589
1232:and
1084:ISBN
1057:2021
960:2021
943:2016
516:and
265:and
259:bird
244:The
208:1758
134:Aves
1548:EoL
1522:CoL
1460:ADW
1368:doi
1246:hdl
1177:344
1151:344
1080:386
947:doi
343:or
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