328:
75:
372:
50:
359:. They are found primarily along rainforest streams, near riffles, cascades, and waterfalls, as well as in wet sclerophyll forests. They have been observed perching on vegetation, rocks, logs, and roots along streams. During the day, they can also be found in piles of leaves beside flowing streams. They also have been found inhabiting similar streamside microhabitats outside of rainforests.
31:
410:
that there is simply less food available during drier seasons. Common mist frogs display sex-specific variations in foraging behaviour. This results in male and female common mist frogs having very different diets and eating patterns. Male mist frogs tend to have more restricted foraging activity than females and also display greater fidelity to a specific breeding site.
289:, meaning that one sex is larger in size than the other, in this case, the females are larger than males. Whereas males measure at around 31 mm in length, the female mist frog is on average 36 mm long. Similarly, the average adult male mist frog weighs an average of 2.0 grams while the adult female mist frog averages around 3.1 grams.
409:
prey including insects and spiders. They are indiscriminate in their selection of prey, consuming what is most available in their habitats. Common mist frogs display a seasonal shift in prey selectivity, feeding even more indiscriminately during the dry season. This pattern is likely due to the fact
418:
Males have been observed foot-flagging, which is thought to be a way to communicate to other male frogs that they have encroached on the flagger's territory. Foot-flagging is when a male frog fully extends his back leg and foot into the air, then drags it back down against the ground. This behavior
362:
The common mist frog formerly inhabited areas from sea level to mountainous areas reaching an elevation of 1200 meters. Since 1990 however, the mist frog can no longer be found above 600 meters and is rare in habitats above 400 meters elevation. The common mist frog's area of occupancy has now been
450:
is strongly influenced by temperature, with the optimal temperature for growth being between 15 and 20 degrees
Celsius. Due to the pathogen's vulnerability to temperature, the prevalence of this disease among amphibians is strongly connected to the seasons. Common mist frogs are more vulnerable to
488:
and in others their environment is largely protected from buildings and modern development. Additionally, a set of protocols designed to minimize the spread of diseases that threaten the common mist frog's survival has also been established. The movement of common mist frog tadpoles has also been
392:
After mating, female common mist frogs deposit their eggs in gelatinous masses underneath rocks in fast-flowing water. About 46-63 eggs are laid beneath rocks, to prevent them from being washed away with the stream and are large and uncolored. The tadpoles are stream-dwellers, and have suctorial
388:
To increase the probability of a successful mating, males display inter-male spacing. This is demonstrated by the males spreading out, with males rarely observed closer than one meter from another. The common mist frog's inter-male spacing is likely a territorial response to a low population of
384:
Breeding occurs throughout the year, with peak calling occurring during the warmer season of the
Australian summer between November and March as the males are typically quieter in colder temperatures. Male common mist frogs have been observed to call from rocks and vegetation around streams and
455:
during the colder months, especially in areas of higher elevation. By the mid-1990s, chytridiomycosis had eliminated the majority of common mist frogs at elevations greater than 400 meters above sea level. Habitat modification has also greatly impacted the species, with about 20% of tropical
296:(small rounded protrusions) and dark, irregular markings on its dorsal surface. The frog's underside is characterized by granular white skin. The common mist frog will also often have a distinct line between its eyes. Like many other frogs, the mist frog's fingers are partly
314:
The tadpoles have large mouthparts that they use to cling to nearby rocks. They also possess muscular tails that aid in swimming against a current. Common mist frog tadpoles have been described as torrent-dwelling, flat bodied, and with large suctorial mouthparts.
741:
Preininger, D., Boeckle, M., Freudmann, A., Starnberger, I., Sztatecsny, M., & Hödl, W. (2013). Multimodal signaling in the small torrent frog (micrixalus saxicola) in a complex acoustic environment. Behavioral
Ecology and Sociobiology, 67(9), 1449–1456.
496:
the common mist frog to habitats in which the mist frog formerly inhabited. Such efforts will likely involve transplanting common mist frog populations to those previously populated areas in which the common mist frog will likely have the greatest fitness.
389:
female mist frogs. Such spreading is thought to prevent interference with another frog's mating. Like other torrent treefrogs, the male common mist frog possesses spinose nuptial pads, which are help male frogs grasp females during mating.
463:
Another possible cause of the common mist frog's observed population decline is the activity of feral pigs in areas that were previously inhabited by common mist frogs. Feral pigs are responsible for much of the damage to
483:
Efforts to prevent the continued decline in the species' population are being enacted to potentially increase their numbers. One key factor is that much of the areas inhabited by the common mist frog are protected within
318:
The mating call is a regular, repeated, long-drawn single note, sounding like a rather nasal "wreek wreek wreek". These calls have a low audio frequency, with an average dominant frequency of around 2.5 kHz.
445:
and transport functions, altering electrolyte concentrations in the blood. The disease can ultimately cause cardiac arrest once the fungal population on the host organism reaches a high enough density.
243:
group. The common mist frog is found in remote, mountainous areas, and near rocky, fast-flowing rainforest streams such as those in north-eastern
Queensland, Australia. They are generally
300:, with webbing reaching the second-subarticular tubercle at the end of the first phalanx, and its toes are completely webbed. Both their fingers and toes have large discs. The
1084:
628:
Roznik, E. A., & Alford, R. A. (2015). Seasonal ecology and behavior of an endangered rainforest frog (Litoria rheocola) threatened by disease. PLOS ONE, 10(5).
948:
489:
greatly restricted, ensuring that mist frog progeny are not separated from their parents, which improves their chances of survival and later reproductive success.
987:
285:
Fully grown common mist frogs can measure anywhere from 27 to 41 millimeters in length and often weigh between 1.2 and 4.5 grams. The common mist frog displays
304:(outer ear) is covered by a layer of skin, but is still visible. common mist frogs have a relatively slender build and possess a protruding, triangular snout.
559:
1064:
922:
961:
614:
Lee K Curtis, Keith R McDonald, Andrew J Dennis, Peter M Kyne, & Stephen JS Debus. (2011). Queensland's
Threatened Animals. CSIRO PUBLISHING.
540:
327:
1079:
1089:
1026:
702:"Seasonal, sexual and ontogenetic variations in the diet of the "declining" frogs Litoria nannotis, Litoria rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi"
878:
456:
rainforests in northeastern
Queensland being cleared in 1983. The common mist frog has disappeared from most upland sites south of the
311:
are small and unlike other male torrent treefrogs, they do not have enlarged arms. Additionally, the tips of their snouts are pointed.
685:
Declines and
Disappearances of Australian Frogs. A. Campbell, eds., Environment Australia, Canberra. Available in .pdf format online.
1074:
516:
54:
307:
The common mist frog has obscure dark bands that run along the side of its snout from the eye and ear to the shoulder. The male
485:
873:
433:
393:
mouthparts to allow them to survive in fast-flowing water. The tadpoles hatch among the rocks in a riffle and feed on algae.
966:
74:
347:, as well as from the Broadwater Creek National Park to Amos Bay, northern Queensland. The common mist frog inhabits the
651:
A review of the
Litoria nannotis species group and a description of a new species of Litoria from north-east Queensland.
754:
The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from
1094:
834:
1031:
992:
476:
Populations of the common mist frog have declined since 1990 and it is classified as an endangered species by the
1069:
356:
336:
247:
frogs, and remain in the stream environments that they are born into, preferring sections of the stream with
544:
865:
774:
493:
526:
169:
812:
909:
821:
344:
244:
39:
259:
The common mist frog is one of the four species of
Australian torrent treefrogs that comprise the
402:
340:
301:
274:
266:
191:
69:
953:
1013:
896:
721:
512:
438:
419:
is not unique to the common mist frog, as it has also been observed in several other species.
286:
261:
1041:
1018:
713:
428:
240:
146:
979:
1000:
826:
427:
A key factor that is largely responsible for the common mist frog's endangered status is
839:
457:
442:
406:
270:
371:
30:
1058:
974:
477:
465:
348:
59:
901:
935:
847:
806:
352:
308:
297:
797:
629:
236:
725:
743:
232:
116:
86:
1005:
888:
701:
791:
293:
106:
927:
852:
592:
292:
The common mist frog is a dull grey or brown color in appearance, with
136:
239:, Australia. It is a medium-sized frog and a member of the Australian
940:
860:
248:
96:
768:
717:
591:
Cunningham, M. (n.d.). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature.
370:
326:
667:
Declines in populations of Australia's endemic rainforest frogs.
126:
914:
772:
755:
441:
fungus attacks the skin cells of amphibians and disrupts their
527:"Amphibian Species of the World - Litoria rheocola Liem, 1974"
363:
restricted to approximately 6000 square kilometers in total.
665:
Richards, S. J., McDonald, K. R., and Alford, R. A. (1993).
541:"DEH Species Profiles - Litoria rheocola - Common Mistfrog"
478:
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
401:
The diet of common mist frogs consists of a range of
781:
683:
A review of declining frogs in northern Queensland.
653:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 17(1), 151-168.
431:, a disease that is caused by the chytrid fungus
335:The common mist frog can be found throughout the
351:of fast-flowing streams in rainforests and wet
507:Barker, J.; Grigg, G.C.; Tyler, M.J. (1995).
8:
630:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127851
769:
700:Hodgkison, Simon; Hero, Jean-Marc (2003).
251:, many rocks, and overhanging vegetation.
48:
29:
20:
744:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-013-1489-6
265:species group. The other species are the
1085:Nature Conservation Act endangered biota
669:Pacific Conservation Biology, 1, 66-77.
579:
737:
735:
695:
693:
691:
677:
675:
661:
659:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
624:
622:
620:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
587:
585:
583:
7:
681:McDonald, K. and Alford, R. (1999).
593:https://doi.org/10.17082/j.2204-1478
486:World Heritage-listed national parks
331:Map of the Wet Tropics of Queensland
375:In a posture for water conservation
14:
509:A Field Guide to Australian Frogs
1065:IUCN Red List endangered species
73:
434:Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
343:to the Big Tableland south of
204:(Wells & Wellington, 1985)
1:
1080:Endangered fauna of Australia
1090:Amphibians described in 1974
756:https://www.iucnredlist.org/
511:. Surrey Beatty & Sons.
1111:
357:tropical North Queensland
337:Wet Tropics of Queensland
197:
190:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1075:Amphibians of Queensland
492:There are also plans to
323:Distribution and habitat
235:native to north-eastern
376:
332:
374:
367:Ecology and behaviour
330:
649:Liem, D. S. (1974).
16:Species of amphibian
355:forests of eastern
40:Conservation status
1095:Frogs of Australia
377:
333:
275:armoured mist frog
267:mountain mist frog
231:) is a species of
1052:
1051:
1014:Open Tree of Life
775:Taxon identifiers
706:Wildlife Research
287:sexual dimorphism
262:Ranoidea nannotis
228:Ranoidea rheocola
219:
218:
213:
205:
201:Mosleyia rheocola
179:Ranoidea rheocola
63:
24:Common mist frog
1102:
1070:Ranoidea (genus)
1045:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1008:
996:
995:
983:
982:
970:
969:
957:
956:
944:
943:
931:
930:
918:
917:
905:
904:
892:
891:
882:
881:
879:Litoria-rheocola
869:
868:
866:litoria-rheocola
856:
855:
843:
842:
840:Litoria_rheocola
830:
829:
827:Litoria_rheocola
817:
816:
815:
813:Litoria rheocola
802:
801:
800:
783:Litoria rheocola
770:
758:
752:
746:
739:
730:
729:
697:
686:
679:
670:
663:
654:
647:
632:
626:
615:
612:
595:
589:
569:
567:
566:
555:
553:
552:
543:. Archived from
536:
534:
533:
522:
453:B. dendrobatidis
448:B. dendrobatidis
429:chytridiomycosis
339:, from north of
241:torrent treefrog
223:common mist frog
211:
209:Litoria rheocola
203:
181:
161:R. rheocola
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1004:
1001:Observation.org
999:
991:
986:
978:
973:
965:
960:
952:
947:
939:
934:
926:
921:
913:
908:
900:
895:
887:
885:
877:
872:
864:
859:
851:
846:
838:
833:
825:
820:
811:
810:
805:
796:
795:
790:
777:
767:
762:
761:
753:
749:
740:
733:
718:10.1071/wr01008
699:
698:
689:
680:
673:
664:
657:
648:
635:
627:
618:
613:
598:
590:
581:
576:
564:
562:
558:
550:
548:
539:
531:
529:
525:
519:
506:
503:
480:since in 2001.
474:
425:
416:
399:
382:
369:
325:
283:
257:
186:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1023:
1010:
997:
984:
971:
958:
945:
932:
919:
906:
893:
883:
870:
857:
844:
831:
818:
803:
787:
785:
779:
778:
773:
766:
765:External links
763:
760:
759:
747:
731:
712:(4): 345–354.
687:
671:
655:
633:
616:
596:
578:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
556:
537:
523:
517:
502:
499:
473:
470:
458:Daintree River
443:osmoregulatory
424:
421:
415:
412:
398:
395:
381:
378:
368:
365:
324:
321:
282:
279:
271:waterfall frog
256:
253:
217:
216:
215:
214:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
985:
981:
976:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:
911:
907:
903:
898:
894:
890:
884:
880:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
808:
804:
799:
793:
789:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
771:
764:
757:
751:
748:
745:
738:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
678:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
656:
652:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
634:
631:
625:
623:
621:
617:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
597:
594:
588:
586:
584:
580:
573:
561:
560:"AmphibiaWeb"
557:
547:on 2012-11-28
546:
542:
538:
528:
524:
520:
518:0-949324-61-2
514:
510:
505:
504:
500:
498:
495:
490:
487:
481:
479:
471:
469:
467:
461:
459:
454:
451:infection by
449:
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
422:
420:
413:
411:
408:
404:
396:
394:
390:
386:
379:
373:
366:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
349:riparian zone
346:
342:
338:
329:
322:
320:
316:
312:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
210:
207:
202:
199:
198:
196:
193:
189:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
782:
750:
709:
705:
682:
666:
650:
563:. Retrieved
549:. Retrieved
545:the original
530:. Retrieved
508:
491:
482:
475:
472:Conservation
462:
452:
447:
432:
426:
417:
400:
391:
387:
383:
380:Reproduction
361:
334:
317:
313:
309:nuptial pads
306:
291:
284:
260:
258:
227:
226:
222:
220:
208:
200:
185:(Liem, 1974)
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
936:iNaturalist
848:AmphibiaWeb
807:Wikispecies
494:reintroduce
403:terrestrial
353:sclerophyll
281:Description
1059:Categories
565:2006-12-04
551:2006-12-04
532:2006-12-04
501:References
468:habitats.
237:Queensland
212:Liem, 1974
55:Endangered
726:1448-5494
574:Citations
439:parasitic
414:Behaviour
385:creeks .
294:tubercles
245:sedentary
233:tree frog
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
954:10913768
886:BioLib:
798:Q2274971
792:Wikidata
466:riparian
345:Cooktown
302:tympanum
255:Taxonomy
192:Synonyms
148:Ranoidea
133:Family:
117:Amphibia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1042:4802811
1019:1071510
928:2427828
437:. This
423:Threats
407:aquatic
249:riffles
143:Genus:
137:Hylidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1039:uBio:
1006:203735
967:662958
915:975348
889:133466
861:ARKive
724:
515:
341:Ingham
298:webbed
273:, and
1027:SPRAT
993:95137
980:12153
949:IRMNG
941:23597
902:3VMNZ
127:Anura
1032:1802
988:NCBI
975:IUCN
962:ITIS
923:GBIF
853:1302
722:ISSN
513:ISBN
405:and
397:Diet
221:The
910:EoL
897:CoL
874:ASW
835:AFD
822:ADW
714:doi
1061::
1029::
1016::
1003::
990::
977::
964::
951::
938::
925::
912::
899::
876::
863::
850::
837::
824::
809::
794::
734:^
720:.
710:30
708:.
704:.
690:^
674:^
658:^
636:^
619:^
599:^
582:^
460:.
277:.
269:,
728:.
716::
568:.
554:.
535:.
521:.
225:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
