605:. It is further distinguished from the ring-billed gull by its shorter, more tapered bill, which is a more greenish shade of yellow and is unmarked during the breeding season. The body is grey above and white below. The legs are yellow in breeding season, becoming duller in the winter. In winter, the head is streaked grey and the bill often has a poorly defined blackish band near the tip, which is sometimes sufficiently obvious to cause confusion with ring-billed gull. They have black wingtips with large white "mirrors" on the outer primaries p9 and p10, which are smaller than those in the short-billed gull. Young birds have scaly black-brown upperparts and a neat wing pattern, and pink legs which become greyish in the second year before tuning yellow. By the first winter, the head and belly are white, with fine streaks and greyish feathers grow on the saddle. They take three years (up to four in the Kamchatka subspecies) to reach maturity. The call is a high-pitched "laughing" cry.
572:
49:
1439:
1366:
669:
98:
411:
633:
73:
583:
222:
661:
Like most gulls, they are omnivores and will scavenge as well as hunt small prey. The global population is estimated to be about one million pairs; they are most numerous in Europe, with over half (possibly as much as 80-90%) of the world population. By contrast, the short-billed gull population in
451:, found in Europe and western Asia. Small; mantle medium grey (palest subspecies); wingtips with extensive black; iris dark. First-year birds develop white feathers on the head and belly with fine dark markings. Wingspan 110–125 cm (43–49 in); mass 290–480 g (10–17 oz).
648:
The common gull usually breeds colonially, but can be solitary. Both sexes make a lined nest on the ground or in a small tree near water or in marshes. Usually three eggs are laid (sometimes just one or two). They are incubated by both parents and hatch after 24–26 days. The chicks are
509:. Found in northeastern Asia. The largest subspecies, its size is intermediate between common and ring-billed gulls with the largest males approaching the size of black-tailed gull. Head is squarer with a flatter forehead and the bill is thicker and longer than
1385:
562:
when it was treated as a distinct species in the first through third editions of the AOU (now AOS) checklist (in which the name mew gull, contrary to more recent usage, was specifically reserved for the Old World forms).
513:
with paler eyes and deeper yellow bill and legs. Mantle medium-dark grey; wingtips with extensive black, with markings on p5-p8 forming a "string of pearls". Plumage development is generally slower than
268:
further south in winter, reaching the
Mediterranean Sea, the southern Caspian Sea, and the seas around China and Japan; northwest European populations are at least partly resident. The closely related
1111:
Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2021).
613:
The common gull breeds in the northern
Palearctic from Iceland eastwards to northeast Siberia. It is mainly migratory and winters in Europe, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, Persian Gulf;
2237:
2289:
2447:
488:
at the same age, with an unmarked rump and more defined black tail band. Intergrades are common in west Russia. Mass 315–550 g (11.1–19.4 oz).
1261:
2188:
2250:
518:; first-year immatures retain juvenile feathers through the winter, appearing darker and browner overall, and the tail has more extensive black
2328:
1329:
1307:
1076:
1002:
873:
861:
800:
675:
865:
2467:
371:
624:. The Kamchatka gull is occasionally seen in northwestern North America mainly in spring, and there is one autumn record in Newfoundland.
597:
Adult common gulls are 40–46 cm (16–18 in) long and a wingspan of 100–115 cm (39–45 in), noticeably smaller than the
1146:
2211:
2136:
963:
571:
822:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1270:
1231:
1155:
762:
668:
472:
with a more sloping forehead which gives the appearance of a smaller bill. Eyes are usually paler, bill and legs deeper yellow than
2462:
2393:
2149:
1466:
547:
439:
289:
212:
2255:
2276:
2084:
2011:
48:
459:
2385:
2167:
1024:
2294:
2180:
1355:
653:
but remain in the vicinity of the nest. They are cared for by both parents and fledge when aged around 35 days.
2457:
2302:
1641:
1377:
542:
in North
America, and was not commonly used outside North America, the name "short-billed gull" was chosen for
496:
2424:
476:
with weaker dark bill markings in winter. The wings are proportionally longer with more black on p5-p8 than
97:
1678:
1564:
1317:
538:, based on differences in genetics, morphology and calls. Though "mew gull" was formerly used as a name for
522:
Brown covert wing feathers are still retained in the second winter. Mass 394–586 g (13.9–20.7 oz).
306:
2307:
2058:
1964:
1947:
1870:
480:
with narrow white spots forming a conspicuous "string of pearls". p4 has black markings which are rare in
787:
2354:
1611:
1606:
997:. Dialect Matters. Respecting Vernacular Language (in German). Cambridge University Press. p. 118.
299:
272:
was formerly often included in this species, which was then sometimes known collectively as "mew gull".
192:
724:
2398:
2040:
2022:
1875:
1574:
1300:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
1113:"Sixty-second Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds"
620:
It occurs as a scarce winter visitor to coastal eastern Canada and as a vagrant to the northeastern
1929:
1809:
1804:
1459:
1028:
448:
281:
62:
2372:
2071:
1688:
1616:
1584:
1211:
92:
2359:
1814:
1769:
1723:
1539:
1413:
1223:
1216:
2242:
2216:
2341:
2268:
2097:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1774:
1683:
1646:
1636:
1549:
1534:
1524:
1325:
1303:
1266:
1227:
1151:
1072:
998:
992:
959:
924:
869:
796:
758:
527:
269:
2002:
2346:
1911:
1779:
1599:
1554:
1479:
1186:
1124:
825:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 136.
719:
637:
602:
410:
2380:
2063:
2315:
1758:
1744:
1668:
1559:
1346:
836:
383:
353:
294:
149:
1529:
701:
398:
root, with the first recorded usage in
English from the 1400s; the modern Welsh form is
2452:
2175:
2162:
1850:
1452:
1438:
1372:
1365:
904:
614:
395:
360:
318:
265:
31:
632:
554:
complex. The revival of the name short-billed gull in some of the same literature for
2441:
2263:
1718:
1631:
1589:
1302:. Vol. III: Waders to Gulls. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 790–801.
1291:
816:
710:
621:
435:
285:
208:
82:
77:
2203:
2089:
2027:
940:
936:
908:
840:
795:. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 572–623 .
336:
There are many old
British regional names for this species, typically variations on
2102:
1763:
1713:
1621:
1594:
1579:
1519:
1391:
913:. Vol. 2. Warrington, United Kingdom: Printed for Benjamin White. p. 424.
598:
587:
582:
550:(AOS) due to the usage of mew gull in recent literature to denote all forms of the
367:
1129:
1112:
820:
2154:
2076:
2367:
2281:
2224:
1996:
1832:
1784:
1753:
1704:
1693:
1659:
1430:
1403:
845:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 315.
2406:
1893:
1673:
1407:
419:
245:
221:
17:
2411:
2123:
1861:
1733:
1728:
1626:
1569:
1190:
1032:
650:
257:
109:
2141:
1987:
1444:
1420:
1173:
1171:
Moskoff, W.; Bevier, L.R.; Rasmussen, P.C. (2020). Billerman, S.M. (ed.).
933:
The
Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick
1981:
1942:
1398:
928:
326:
253:
129:
2050:
2419:
2320:
2193:
2035:
1497:
249:
159:
1434:
1425:
591:
576:
484:. First-year immatures have a whiter head, belly and underwings than
317:
is also Latin and means "grey". The name "common gull" was coined by
261:
119:
2229:
1958:
309:
as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden. The genus name is a
2128:
2115:
2110:
1510:
1488:
631:
581:
570:
409:
322:
310:
169:
530:
was formerly widely considered conspecific with this species (as
2333:
1475:
558:, and the fact that short-billed gull was historically used for
241:
139:
1962:
1448:
534:), but most authorities now accept it as a distinct species
426:) being considered a distinct species by some authorities.
321:
in 1768 because he considered it the most numerous of its
313:
word for a seabird, probably a gull. The specific epithet
1092:
Rasmussen, Pamela C. (10 November 2020). "Split Mew Gull
887:
885:
1627:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
1098:
AOS Classification
Committee – North and Middle America
1071:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
791:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1971:
1920:
1902:
1884:
1859:
1841:
1823:
1742:
1702:
1657:
1508:
1487:
1215:
1172:
786:
725:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694308A155576460.en
374:influenced regions of Britain, variations include
1324:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
586:Breeding adults have red rings around dark eyes
1501:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
1185:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
994:Dialect Matters: Respecting Vernacular Language
1259:Hagemeijer, W.J.M.; Blair, M.J., eds. (1997).
1069:Gulls of the World : a Photographic Guide
1033:"Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks"
617:, Japan, Korean Peninsula to southeast China.
468:. Found in central northern Asia. Larger than
1460:
1150:(Concise ed.). Oxford University Press.
244:that breeds in cool temperate regions of the
8:
858:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1322:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
1959:
1679:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
1467:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1364:
220:
71:
47:
38:
1262:The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds
1128:
723:
978:
891:
755:Gulls of Europe, Asia, and North America
748:
746:
744:
742:
692:
1780:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1246:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:. International Ornithologists' Union
860:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
780:
778:
776:
774:
7:
2425:A678665A-56EF-4961-9010-BC9AE7765FD3
2181:9707ce90-6f74-4fa6-a8e1-e6930dc26864
2448:IUCN Red List least concern species
1147:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
991:Trudgill, P.; Trudgill, J. (2016).
711:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
662:Alaska is only about 10,000 pairs.
30:For the common gull butterfly, see
1144:Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. (1998).
1096:and rename as Short-billed Gull".
793:Handbook of the Birds of the World
785:Burger, J.; Golchfeld, M. (1996).
284:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
56:Adult in breeding plumage, Norway
25:
753:Olsen, K.M.; Larsson, H. (2004).
700:BirdLife International. (2019) .
1037:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
935:. London: John Martyn. pp.
842:Check-List of Birds of the World
667:
96:
1421:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1347:BirdLife species factsheet for
1100:. Proposal Set 2021-A: 187–188.
548:American Ornithological Society
954:Jackson, Christine E. (1968).
601:and slightly smaller than the
1:
1067:Olsen, Klaus Malling (2018).
1404:Audio recordings of Mew gull
1388:at VIREO (Drexel University)
348:. The original English word
264:Far East. Most common gulls
2468:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1222:. New York: Knopf. p.
1130:10.1093/ornithology/ukab037
422:, with the Kamchatka gull (
2484:
1094:Larus canus brachyrhynchus
856:Jobling, James A. (2010).
532:Larus canus brachyrhynchus
29:
1938:
1392:Interactive range map of
1218:The Sibley Guide to Birds
718:: e.T22694308A155576460.
424:L. (c.) kamtschatschensis
305:. Linnaeus specified the
219:
198:
191:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
1642:Lesser black-backed gull
1570:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1378:Internet Bird Collection
1318:Lockwood, William Burley
1031:, eds. (December 2023).
575:Adult breeding plumage,
2463:Birds described in 1758
1565:Great black-backed gull
1191:10.2173/bow.mewgul.01.1
492:L. c. kamtschatschensis
1948:Hybridisation in gulls
1871:Black-legged kittiwake
1386:Mew Gull photo gallery
956:British Names of Birds
640:
594:
579:
540:Larus canus sensu lato
415:
329:earlier used the name
2355:Paleobiology Database
1612:American herring gull
1607:European herring gull
635:
628:Behaviour and ecology
585:
574:
413:
2217:mew-gull-larus-canus
2176:Fauna Europaea (new)
1876:Red-legged kittiwake
1575:Glaucous-winged gull
503:L. kamtschatschensis
366:, and is ultimately
280:The common gull was
240:) is a medium-sized
1930:Swallow-tailed gull
1805:Slender-billed gull
1249:, pp. 799–800.
1212:Sibley, David Allen
526:The North American
466:Russian common gull
63:Conservation status
1689:Mediterranean gull
1617:Yellow-legged gull
1585:Yellow-footed gull
1399:IUCN Red List maps
1265:. London: Poyser.
1183:Birds of the World
1027:; Donsker, David;
925:Willughby, Francis
641:
595:
580:
416:
298:under the current
282:formally described
2435:
2434:
2342:Open Tree of Life
1965:Taxon identifiers
1956:
1955:
1943:Gull eggs as food
1800:Black-headed gull
1795:Brown-headed gull
1790:Black-billed gull
1775:Brown-hooded gull
1637:Slaty-backed gull
1550:Short-billed gull
1535:Black-tailed gull
1331:978-0-19-866196-2
1309:978-0-19-857506-1
1078:978-0-691-18059-5
1029:Rasmussen, Pamela
1004:978-1-107-13047-0
875:978-1-4081-2501-4
837:Peters, James Lee
802:978-84-87334-20-7
636:Eggs, Collection
544:L. brachyrhynchus
536:L. brachyrhynchus
528:short-billed gull
500:
463:
442:
270:short-billed gull
228:
227:
86:
16:(Redirected from
2475:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2376:
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2311:
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2297:
2285:
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2282:NBNSYS0000000354
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2157:
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2132:
2131:
2119:
2118:
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2105:
2093:
2092:
2080:
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2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2041:00DA9D9151189271
2031:
2030:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1960:
1810:Bonaparte's gull
1555:Ring-billed gull
1469:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1441:
1382:
1373:"Mew Gull media"
1368:
1363:
1335:
1313:
1277:
1276:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1221:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1180:
1168:
1162:
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1141:
1135:
1134:
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988:
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969:
951:
945:
944:
921:
915:
914:
901:
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889:
880:
879:
853:
847:
846:
833:
827:
826:
813:
807:
806:
790:
788:"Family Laridae"
782:
769:
768:
750:
737:
736:
734:
732:
727:
697:
681:fishing sequence
671:
657:Food and feeding
638:Museum Wiesbaden
603:ring-billed gull
495:
458:
434:
418:There are three
224:
204:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
51:
39:
21:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2458:Holarctic birds
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2405:
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2392:
2384:
2379:
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2319:
2316:Observation.org
2314:
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2223:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
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2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2114:
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2101:
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2049:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1934:
1916:
1898:
1880:
1855:
1837:
1819:
1815:Saunders's gull
1770:Hartlaub's gull
1759:Red-billed gull
1745:Chroicocephalus
1738:
1724:Franklin's gull
1698:
1669:White-eyed gull
1653:
1560:California gull
1540:Heermann's gull
1504:
1483:
1473:
1371:
1354:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1316:
1310:
1294:, ed. (1983). "
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1210:
1209:
1205:
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1193:
1178:), version 1.1"
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952:
948:
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910:British Zoology
905:Pennant, Thomas
903:
902:
898:
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883:
876:
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611:
569:
408:
331:common sea-mall
295:Systema Naturae
278:
215:
206:
200:
187:
150:Charadriiformes
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2198:
2185:
2172:
2163:Fauna Europaea
2159:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2055:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2008:
1993:
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1963:
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1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
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1684:Audouin's gull
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1647:Heuglin's gull
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1298:Common gull".
1292:Cramp, Stanley
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1174:"Common Gull (
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556:brachyrhynchus
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1600:Thayer's gull
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1590:Glaucous gull
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1843:Rhodostethia
1842:
1825:Hydrocoloeus
1824:
1764:Huahine gull
1743:
1714:Dolphin gull
1703:
1658:
1622:Caspian gull
1595:Iceland gull
1580:Western gull
1544:
1530:Olrog's gull
1520:Pacific gull
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1194:. Retrieved
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1041:. Retrieved
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1008:. Retrieved
993:
986:
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958:. Witherby.
955:
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792:
754:
729:. Retrieved
715:
709:
703:
695:
678:
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647:
619:
612:
609:Distribution
599:herring gull
596:
588:Kizhi Island
559:
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455:L. c. heinei
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368:onomatopoeic
363:
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183:
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42:Common gull
36:
2412:Larus-canus
2368:SeaLifeBase
2303:Neotropical
2225:iNaturalist
2028:Larus_canus
2003:Larus canus
1997:Wikispecies
1973:Larus canus
1851:Ross's gull
1833:Little gull
1785:Andean gull
1754:Silver gull
1705:Leucophaeus
1694:Relict gull
1660:Ichthyaetus
1545:Common gull
1433:media from
1431:Common gull
1415:Larus canus
1394:Larus canus
1349:Larus canus
1296:Larus canus
1176:Larus canus
1123:(ukab037).
1117:Ornithology
1025:Gill, Frank
704:Larus canus
679:Larus canus
567:Description
445:common gull
431:L. c. canus
390:. The word
386:form being
303:Larus canus
237:Larus canus
232:common gull
202:Larus canus
2442:Categories
2407:Xeno-canto
1894:Ivory gull
1674:Sooty gull
1482:: Laridae)
1408:Xeno-canto
1247:Cramp 1983
1010:2021-04-14
687:References
420:subspecies
406:Subspecies
382:, the old
246:Palearctic
1886:Pagophila
1734:Grey gull
1729:Lava gull
1320:(1993) .
929:Ray, John
651:precocial
497:Bonaparte
258:Kamchatka
178:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
2269:22694308
2243:10452599
2204:mew-gull
2064:22694308
2059:BirdLife
2048:BioLib:
1982:Wikidata
1922:Creagrus
1214:(2000).
927:(1678).
907:(1768).
819:(1758).
757:. Helm.
731:13 April
644:Breeding
552:L. canus
449:nominate
436:Linnaeus
327:John Ray
276:Taxonomy
256:east to
254:Scotland
209:Linnaeus
156:Family:
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
2420:ZooBank
2194:7982160
2090:bob5900
2036:Avibase
1498:Species
1360:Avibase
1284:Sources
1196:20 July
1043:19 July
941:345-346
931:(ed.).
546:by the
501:; syn.
460:Homeyer
384:Norfolk
380:sea-maw
292:of his
288:in the
266:migrate
262:Russian
260:in the
250:Iceland
166:Genus:
160:Laridae
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
2399:137141
2360:372763
2347:855472
2334:137141
2308:mewgul
2256:176832
2201:GNAB:
2150:EURING
2129:LARUCA
2116:mewgul
2077:mewgul
2016:mewgul
1988:Q26427
1480:family
1435:ARKive
1426:Flickr
1328:
1306:
1269:
1230:
1154:
1075:
1001:
962:
872:
799:
761:
592:Russia
577:Norway
511:canus,
499:, 1857
462:, 1853
400:gwylan
396:Celtic
354:German
344:, and
2453:Larus
2394:WoRMS
2373:75067
2295:28681
2238:IRMNG
2168:96935
2137:EUNIS
2111:eBird
2103:3SBPZ
1862:Rissa
1511:Larus
1489:Genus
1476:Gulls
516:canus
486:canus
482:canus
478:canus
474:canus
470:canus
372:Norse
370:. In
364:meeuw
361:Dutch
323:genus
315:canus
311:Latin
248:from
171:Larus
2386:9040
2329:OBIS
2290:NCBI
2264:IUCN
2251:ITIS
2230:4356
2189:GBIF
2155:5900
2142:1107
2124:EPPO
2051:8696
1904:Xema
1326:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1198:2024
1152:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1045:2024
999:ISBN
960:ISBN
870:ISBN
797:ISBN
759:ISBN
733:2021
716:2019
440:1758
392:gull
359:and
357:möwe
252:and
242:gull
230:The
213:1758
140:Aves
2381:TSA
2321:183
2277:NBN
2212:IBC
2098:CoL
2085:BTO
2072:BOW
2023:ADW
2012:ABA
1424:on
1418:in
1406:on
1397:at
1224:483
1187:doi
1125:doi
1121:138
862:219
720:doi
622:USA
388:mow
378:or
376:maw
350:mew
346:mew
342:mar
338:maa
2444::
2422::
2409::
2396::
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2240::
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2178::
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2139::
2126::
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2100::
2087::
2074::
2061::
2038::
2025::
2014::
1999::
1984::
1375:.
1358:.
1226:.
1181:.
1119:.
1115:.
1053:^
1035:.
939:,
937:27
884:^
868:.
866:89
864:,
773:^
741:^
714:.
708:.
590:,
505:–
494:–
464:–
457:–
447:.
443:–
438:,
433:–
402:.
340:,
333:.
325:.
211:,
1766:†
1478:(
1468:e
1461:t
1454:v
1410:.
1381:.
1362:.
1334:.
1312:.
1275:.
1236:.
1200:.
1189::
1160:.
1133:.
1127::
1081:.
1047:.
1013:.
968:.
943:.
878:.
805:.
767:.
735:.
722::
706:"
702:"
520:.
234:(
85:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
