113:
557:
135:
484:
532:
472:
250:
496:
520:
545:
508:
339:
are also model organisms, used for the study of sociality, because it has evolved frequently within the genus, allowing comparative studies across species, and because it contains species varying from solitary to permanently social. These spiders are also a promising model for the study of inbreeding
2669:
Agnarsson I. 2006c. Phylogenetic placement of
Echinotheridion (Araneae: Theridiidae) β do male sexual organ removal, emasculation, and sexual cannibalism in Echinotheridion and Tidarren represent evolutionary replicas? Invertebrate Systematics 20: 415β429.
2696:
Arnedo, M.A., Coddington, J., Agnarsson, I. & Gillespie, R.G. (2004). From a comb to a tree: phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes.
2707:
Arnedo MA, Agnarsson I, Gillespie RG. In Press. Molecular insights into the phylogenetic structure of the spider genus
Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna. Zoologica
2349:
Benjamin, Suresh P.; Zschokke, Samuel (2002). "Untangling the tangle-web: web building behaviour of the comb-footed spider
Steatoda triangulosa and comments on phylogenetic implications (Araneae: Theridiidae)".
425:) live in the webs of larger spiders and pilfer small prey caught by their host's web. They eat prey killed by the host spider, consume silk from the host web, and sometimes attack and eat the host itself.
2717:
Oxford, G.S. and
Gillespie, R.G. 1996. Genetics of a colour polymorphism in Theridion grallator (Araneae: Theridiidae), the Hawaiian happy-face spider, from greater Maui. Heredity, 76: 238β248.
2711:
Aviles, L., Maddison, W.P. and
Agnarsson, I. 2006. A new independently derived social spider with explosive colony proliferation and a female size dimorphism. Biotropica, 38: 743β753.
329:. They are important to studies characterizing their venom and its clinical manifestation, but widow spiders are also used in research on spider silk and sexual biology, including
2714:
Gillespie, R.G. and
Tabashnik, B.E. 1994. Foraging Behavior of the Hawaiian Happy Face Spider (Araneae, Theridiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87: 815β822.
396:
trap lines leading to the soil surface. Webs remain in place for extended periods and are expanded and repaired, but no regular pattern of web replacement has been observed.
2683:
Agnarsson I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 447β626.
2420:
Grostal, P.; Walter, D.E. (1997). "Kleptoparasites or commensals? Effects of
Argyrodes antipodianus (Araneae: Theridiidae) on nephila plumipes (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)".
428:
Theridiid gumfoot-webs consist of frame lines that anchor them to surroundings and of support threads, which possess viscid silk. These can either have a central retreat (
4002:
4041:
4159:
2473:"Quasistatic and continuous dynamic characterization of the mechanical properties of silk from the cobweb of the black widow spider Latrodectus hesperus"
323:
3976:
4015:
2244:"Quantum Shifts in the Genetic Control of a Colour Polymorphism in Theridion Grallator (Araneae: Theridiidae), the Hawaiian Happy-Face Spider"
2512:
Blackledge, T.A.; Zevenbergen, J.M. (2007). "Condition dependent spider web architecture in the western black widow
Latrodectus hesperus".
2674:
2613:"The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic"
2201:"A revision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) and a phylogenetic analysis using worldwide exemplars"
2285:"What makes a happy face? Determinants of color pattern in the Hawaiian happy face spider Theridion grallator (Araneae, Theridiidae)"
2119:"Asymmetric female genitalia and other remarkable morphology in a new genus of cobweb spiders (Theridiidae, Araneae) from Madagascar"
2769:
438:-type). Building gum-foot lines is a unique, stereotyped behaviour, and is likely homologous for Theridiidae and its sister family
4113:
4164:
4020:
2702:
2200:
4028:
2687:
2908:
3885:
3862:
1997:
466:
241:
134:
3955:
4046:
352:
is used as a model to understand the selective forces and the genetic basis of color polymorphism within species.
112:
3968:
1624:β Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, North America, Europe, Central America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
507:
3802:
2732:
512:
483:
357:
2385:
Vollrath, F. (1979). "Behavior of the
Kleptoparasitic Spider Argyrodes-Elevatus (Araneae, Theridiidae)".
549:
4077:
3656:
2940:
2762:
471:
4131:
3890:
2727:
495:
4095:
2611:
Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; RamΓrez, MartΓn J. (February 2020).
2062:"The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses"
561:
500:
4154:
4126:
4118:
4056:
3924:
3849:
3207:
2589:
2429:
2163:
2073:
596:
524:
281:
221:
1976:
519:
3515:
592:
536:
476:
348:
307:, meaning that they spin sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk. They have a comb of serrated
3580:
3424:
2916:
2648:
2529:
2453:
2402:
2367:
2265:
488:
330:
129:
121:
2152:"Smaller colonies and more solitary living mark higher elevation populations of a social spider"
1974:
genera have also been placed in the family. The oldest known stem-group member of the family is
4082:
2671:
556:
4064:
3911:
3638:
3432:
3317:
3138:
2640:
2632:
2494:
2445:
2181:
2099:
1628:
715:
531:
4105:
4007:
3840:
1063:β Asia, South America, Europe, North America, New Zealand, Central America, Africa, Caribbean
4069:
3357:
3331:
3125:
2992:
2755:
2624:
2612:
2560:
2521:
2484:
2437:
2394:
2359:
2329:
2296:
2255:
2215:
2171:
2130:
2089:
2081:
1826:
400:
249:
2581:
3779:
3712:
3624:
3409:
3199:
3143:
2984:
2961:
2691:
2678:
1353:
1188:
1023:
759:
1844:β Asia, North America, Central America, Europe, South America, Africa, Oceania, Caribbean
997:β North America, Oceania, Asia, Central America, South America, Caribbean, Africa, Europe
2433:
2167:
2077:
3963:
3950:
3601:
3560:
3489:
3236:
3104:
3080:
3070:
3013:
2900:
2094:
2061:
1903:
1320:
1122:
544:
4148:
3565:
3552:
3494:
3415:
3401:
3375:
3365:
3336:
3223:
3194:
3112:
3043:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2845:
2652:
2565:
2548:
2398:
2334:
2317:
2220:
2176:
2151:
2135:
2118:
1985:
1877:β South America, Central America, Asia, North America, Caribbean, Greenland, Tanzania
1606:
1518:
1419:
1397:
1177:
638:
421:
316:
274:
206:
70:
3854:
2533:
2457:
2406:
2371:
1547:β Asia, Africa, North America, Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe, Costa Rica
3867:
3735:
3730:
3707:
3692:
3633:
3570:
3440:
3308:
3287:
3244:
3171:
3133:
2966:
2956:
2924:
2837:
1716:
1672:
1584:
1507:
1045:
979:
880:
847:
803:
781:
770:
581:
576:
230:
2525:
2269:
292:, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world.
17:
3916:
964:β South America, North America, Oceania, Central America, Asia, Trinidad, Belgium
689:β Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania, Central America, Caribbean
4033:
3989:
3834:
3702:
3646:
3610:
3539:
3523:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3295:
3265:
3161:
3021:
2804:
2225:
1947:
1727:
1661:
1639:
1573:
1540:
1474:
1452:
1364:
1298:
1232:
1144:
1133:
1034:
968:
957:
935:
891:
814:
693:
671:
627:
616:
605:
587:
430:
404:
326:
300:
176:
45:
2684:
2085:
3750:
3741:
3722:
3683:
3674:
3595:
3547:
3531:
3507:
3502:
3481:
3445:
3396:
3380:
3349:
3341:
3278:
3215:
3166:
3096:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3005:
2979:
2948:
2932:
2826:
2363:
1981:
1925:
1859:
1804:
1738:
1705:
1694:
1650:
1595:
1562:
1496:
1441:
1430:
1386:
1309:
1210:
1089:
1074:β Asia, North America, South America, Jamaica, Europe, Oceania, Africa, Panama
946:
825:
682:
439:
381:
377:
335:
90:
55:
2636:
3937:
3697:
3651:
3615:
3370:
3228:
3185:
3179:
3152:
3026:
2974:
2798:
1958:
1870:
1848:
1837:
1815:
1617:
1551:
1529:
1485:
1408:
1254:
1199:
1078:
1012:
1001:
924:
913:
836:
704:
649:
571:
453:
447:
409:
304:
166:
146:
95:
3825:
2644:
2498:
2449:
2185:
2103:
2747:
2441:
3898:
3819:
3717:
3575:
3326:
3303:
3120:
2810:
1892:
1881:
1782:
1760:
1749:
1463:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1166:
1155:
1100:
1067:
1056:
869:
858:
415:
186:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2301:
2284:
2260:
2243:
3877:
3588:
3388:
2997:
1971:
1793:
1342:
1331:
1111:
990:
909:β North America, South America, Central America, Asia, Trinidad, Europe
902:
792:
748:
737:
726:
451:-type) and some that are sheet-like, which do not contain viscid silk (
308:
285:
284:
in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000
100:
75:
3903:
2628:
2489:
2472:
3994:
2792:
2779:
2737:
1914:
1683:
1375:
1243:
660:
389:
361:
344:
322:
The family includes some model organisms for research, including the
296:
277:
196:
156:
3981:
3796:
2035:
1855:β Spain, Africa, North America, Central America, Asia, South America
3942:
1558:β North America, Asia, Africa, Jamaica, Panama, Brazil, New Zealand
4090:
2549:"Webs of theridiid spiders: construction, structure and evolution"
2318:"Webs of theridiid spiders: construction, structure and evolution"
1936:
1771:
1221:
555:
543:
530:
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
380:, hence the common name, but Theridiidae has a large diversity of
365:
289:
1767:β South America, North America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
1107:β South America, North America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
898:β North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
722:β Costa Rica, South America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Mexico, Cuba
393:
312:
3800:
2865:
2823:
2751:
1052:β Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, North America, South America
711:β Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America, Jamaica
445:
Among webs without gumfooted lines, some contain viscid silk (
385:
1756:β Oceania, North America, Asia, Europe, South America, Africa
1305:β South America, North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Africa
920:β United States, South America, Seychelles, Asia, New Zealand
3929:
1514:β Asia, Oceania, Cuba, North America, Argentina, Seychelles
591:, is another large genus that includes the North American
340:
because all permanently social species are highly inbred.
2742:
2471:
Blackledge, T.A.; Swindeman, J.E.; Hayashi, C.Y. (2005).
612:β Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, Central America
1866:β Panama, South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Trinidad
457:-type). However, there are many undescribed web forms.
2582:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
1789:β United States, South America, Central America, Congo
1888:β Africa, Yemen, North America, Argentina, Costa Rica
1404:β North America, Asia, South America, Central America
303:, meaning that the females have a genital plate, and
1294:β Europe, North America, Panama, South America, Asia
565:
moving from one tree to another carrying the egg sac
3809:
3264:
3051:
3042:
2879:
656:β Central America, Caribbean, Mexico, South America
1250:β Asia, South America, Australia, Panama, Trinidad
1393:β Panama, Caribbean, South America, North America
1184:β Caribbean, Panama, North America, South America
2969:(funnel-webs or venomous funnel-web tarantulas)
953:β Ukraine, United States, Africa, Oceania, Asia
356:is known as the "happyface" spider, as certain
2547:Benjamin, Suresh P.; Zschokke, Samuel (2003).
2763:
1536:β Oceania, North America, Asia, South America
8:
3360:(wandering spiders or tropical wolf spiders)
2580:Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2015).
3797:
3270:
3055:
3048:
2885:
2876:
2862:
2820:
2770:
2756:
2748:
248:
111:
31:
2919:(atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders)
2728:Platnick, N.I. 2006. World Spider Catalog
2564:
2553:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2488:
2333:
2322:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2300:
2283:Gillespie, R.G.; Tabashnik, B.E. (1989).
2259:
2219:
2208:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2175:
2134:
2123:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2093:
3787:are families with more than 1000 species
1096:β Central America, South America, Mexico
2009:
1041:β North America, Asia, Papua New Guinea
2242:Oxford, G.S.; Gillespie, R.G. (1996).
2030:
2028:
1910:β North America, South America, Panama
733:β North America, Asia, Europe, Algeria
2699:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2316:Benjamin, S.P.; Zschokke, S. (2003).
2036:"Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833"
1745:β Pakistan, Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil
1391:Marques, Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011
575:with over 600 species, but it is not
7:
4096:1FFE834E-0B7C-463D-E53A-594E93D0C1DD
4057:a3789e64-304e-4e95-8953-b9786ae40db8
3969:94bd443b-35d5-4428-af44-c93cb055c9cd
1635:β Europe, North America, Asia, Congo
4160:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
1448:β Asia, Seychelles, Oceania, Mexico
3218:(violin spiders, assassin spiders)
2060:Leong, Misha; et al. (2017).
25:
2733:Key to several Theridiidae genera
1833:β Tanzania, Europe, North America
1162:β South America, Panama, Trinidad
3457:(sheet weavers or money spiders)
2566:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00110.x
2335:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00110.x
2221:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00213.x
2177:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01228.x
2150:Purcell, J.; Aviles, L. (2007).
2136:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00569.x
434:-type) or a peripheral retreat (
133:
4132:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0099
2911:(Australian funnel-web spiders)
2477:Journal of Experimental Biology
775:Deeleman & Wunderlich, 2011
1008:β Panama, South America, Malta
841:Thaler & Steinberger, 1988
755:β Guinea-Bissau, Congo, Brazil
599:accepts the following genera:
376:They often build tangle space
1:
3418:(flat-bellied ground spiders)
2895:(mouse spiders and relatives)
2593:. Natural History Museum Bern
2526:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.014
2042:. Natural History Museum Bern
1943:β Papua New Guinea, Australia
1822:β United States, Brazil, Asia
1580:β North America, Asia, Africa
1281:Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
1118:β Papua New Guinea, Australia
621:Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
595:. As of April 2019, the
3281:(araneomorph funnel weavers)
2399:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90186-6
1569:β Asia, United States, Spain
360:have a pattern resembling a
2935:(cork-lid trapdoor spiders)
1998:List of Theridiidae species
1886:Chamberlin & Ivie, 1934
1360:β Oceania, Asia, Seychelles
865:β Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana
467:List of Theridiidae species
368:face on their yellow body.
237:
4181:
3231:(long-legged cave spiders)
2927:(brushed trapdoor spiders)
2903:(folding trapdoor spiders)
2352:Journal of Insect Behavior
2086:10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2
1908:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
1864:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881
1765:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894
1633:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
1556:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
1358:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
1151:β Oceania, Belgium, Taiwan
918:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
907:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
852:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
464:
388:and other ground dwelling
3775:
3273:
3249:Trogloraptor marchingtoni
3058:
2888:
2875:
2861:
2833:
2819:
2787:
2738:Tree of Life: Theridiidae
2156:Journal of Animal Ecology
2017:Sundevall, C. J. (1833).
975:β Samoa, Australia, India
247:
236:
229:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
3725:(cribellate orb weavers)
3659:(long jawed orb-weavers)
3311:(anyphaenid sac spiders)
3107:(crevice weaver spiders)
2943:(wafer trapdoor spiders)
1338:β Asia, Papua New Guinea
678:β Africa, Europe, Turkey
3526:(red and black spiders)
3466:(liocranid sac spiders)
3210:(tube-dwelling spiders)
3146:(midget ground weavers)
3008:(funnel-web tarantulas)
3000:(tree trapdoor spiders)
2951:(funnel-web tarantulas)
2364:10.1023/A:1021175507377
1921:β Mexico, South America
1699:Koçak & Kemal, 2008
1578:Koçak & Kemal, 2008
1503:β Europe, Algeria, Asia
1415:β Asia, Europe, Algeria
1272:β Chile, Turkey, Brazil
1195:β Turkey, Russia, China
786:Yoshida & Koh, 2011
273:, is a large family of
4165:Araneomorphae families
3555:(running crab spiders)
3448:(white-tailed spiders)
3290:(tangled nest spiders)
3115:(large-clawed spiders)
3091:(false violin spiders)
2199:Agnarsson, I. (2006).
2117:Agnarsson, I. (2006).
1712:β Europe, Asia, Canada
1525:β United States, Chile
843:β Europe, Angola, Asia
566:
553:
541:
540:, a black widow spider
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
392:using elastic, sticky
4078:Paleobiology Database
3583:(nursery web spiders)
3518:(cave cobweb spiders)
3510:(spurred orb-weavers)
3427:(dwarf sheet spiders)
3383:(net-casting spiders)
3174:(palp-footed spiders)
3016:(bald-legged spiders)
2442:10.1007/s004420050273
2019:Conspectus Arachnidum
1657:β Asia, North America
569:The largest genus is
559:
547:
534:
522:
510:
498:
486:
474:
3964:Fauna Europaea (new)
3668:(tangle-web spiders)
3435:(tree trunk spiders)
3391:(intertidal spiders)
3320:(orb-weaver spiders)
2743:Theridiidae research
2590:World Spider Catalog
2040:World Spider Catalog
1019:β Asia, Sierra Leone
597:World Spider Catalog
513:Enoplognatha abrupta
282:Carl Jakob Sundevall
261:, also known as the
3641:(dwarf orb-weavers)
3128:(lampshade spiders)
3099:(woodlouse hunters)
2848:(segmented spiders)
2840:(segmented spiders)
2434:1997Oecol.111..570G
2302:10.1038/hdy.1989.50
2261:10.1038/hdy.1996.38
2168:2007JAnEc..76..590P
2078:2017NatSR...715347L
1481:β Greenland, Russia
1437:β Asia, New Zealand
593:common house spider
550:Theridion impressum
537:Latrodectus mactans
477:Chrysso pulcherrima
349:Theridion grallator
324:medically important
319:of the fourth leg.
280:first described by
271:comb-footed spiders
3675:Theridiosomatidae
3639:Symphytognathidae
3627:(huntsman spiders)
3534:(disc web spiders)
3352:(dark sac spiders)
3202:(spitting spiders)
2987:(dwarf tarantulas)
2690:2007-01-01 at the
2677:2007-09-27 at the
2617:Biological Reviews
2066:Scientific Reports
1899:β Indonesia, India
1679:β Chile, Argentina
1602:β India, Sri Lanka
1140:β Brazil, Paraguay
854:β Sri Lanka, China
567:
554:
542:
529:
517:
505:
493:
489:Coscinida japonica
481:
331:sexual cannibalism
263:tangle-web spiders
122:Enoplognatha ovata
41:Cretaceousβpresent
35:Tangle-web spiders
18:Comb-footed spider
4142:
4141:
4065:Open Tree of Life
3803:Taxon identifiers
3794:
3793:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3745:
3726:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3642:
3628:
3619:
3605:
3604:(jumping spiders)
3592:
3584:
3556:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3436:
3428:
3419:
3405:
3392:
3384:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3321:
3312:
3299:
3298:(termite hunters)
3291:
3282:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:Trogloraptoridae
3240:
3239:(armored spiders)
3232:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3189:
3175:
3156:
3147:
3139:Mecysmaucheniidae
3129:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3083:(coneweb spiders)
3066:
3065:(pelican spiders)
3038:
3037:
3030:
3029:(true tarantulas)
3017:
3009:
3001:
2988:
2985:Mecicobothriidae
2970:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2629:10.1111/brv.12559
2490:10.1242/jeb.01597
2483:(10): 1937β1949.
1964:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1843:
1832:
1821:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
853:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
677:
666:
655:
644:
633:
622:
611:
399:The well studied
384:forms. Many trap
256:
255:
225:
27:Family of spiders
16:(Redirected from
4172:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4085:
4073:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4034:NBNSYS0000161145
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3798:
3743:
3724:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3640:
3626:
3617:
3603:
3586:
3582:
3554:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3497:(pirate spiders)
3496:
3484:(shield spiders)
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3434:
3426:
3417:
3404:(velvet spiders)
3403:
3390:
3382:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3332:Cheiracanthiidae
3319:
3310:
3297:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3188:(cellar spiders)
3187:
3173:
3155:(goblin spiders)
3154:
3145:
3144:Ochyroceratidae
3127:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3064:
3056:
3049:
3028:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2993:Microstigmatidae
2986:
2968:
2950:
2942:
2941:Cyrtaucheniidae
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2877:
2863:
2847:
2839:
2821:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2657:
2656:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2514:Animal Behaviour
2509:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2387:Animal Behaviour
2382:
2376:
2375:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2224:. Archived from
2223:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2072:(15347): 15347.
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2014:
1962:
1951:
1940:
1929:
1919:Keyserling, 1886
1918:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1875:Keyserling, 1884
1874:
1863:
1852:
1842:Walckenaer, 1805
1841:
1830:
1819:
1809:Wunderlich, 2011
1808:
1797:
1786:
1775:
1764:
1753:
1742:
1731:
1720:
1710:Wunderlich, 1992
1709:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1668:β Africa, Europe
1666:Wunderlich, 1995
1665:
1654:
1644:Wunderlich, 2011
1643:
1632:
1621:
1611:Wunderlich, 2008
1610:
1599:
1591:β Angola, Rwanda
1588:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1479:Wunderlich, 2008
1478:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1369:Wunderlich, 2011
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1325:Wunderlich, 2008
1324:
1314:Wunderlich, 1992
1313:
1303:Walckenaer, 1805
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1237:Wunderlich, 1995
1236:
1225:
1214:
1204:Keyserling, 1886
1203:
1193:Wunderlich, 2008
1192:
1181:
1170:
1160:Keyserling, 1884
1159:
1148:
1137:
1127:Wunderlich, 2011
1126:
1116:Keyserling, 1890
1115:
1105:Keyserling, 1884
1104:
1094:Wunderlich, 1995
1093:
1083:Wunderlich, 1992
1082:
1071:
1061:Walckenaer, 1809
1060:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1006:Wunderlich, 1988
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
928:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
862:
851:
840:
830:Wunderlich, 2008
829:
818:
808:Wunderlich, 2011
807:
796:
785:
774:
763:
753:Keyserling, 1884
752:
741:
730:
719:
708:
697:
686:
676:Wunderlich, 2008
675:
664:
654:Wunderlich, 1995
653:
642:
632:Wunderlich, 2008
631:
620:
609:
562:Theridula angula
501:Dipoena martinae
252:
220:
138:
137:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4076:
4068:
4063:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3962:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3780:Spider taxonomy
3755:
3713:Trochanteriidae
3657:Tetragnathidae
3410:Gallieniellidae
3256:
3237:Tetrablemmidae
3052:Non-entelegynes
3034:
3014:Paratropididae
2962:Halonoproctidae
2901:Antrodiaetidae
2871:
2853:
2829:
2815:
2783:
2776:
2724:
2692:Wayback Machine
2679:Wayback Machine
2666:
2664:Further reading
2661:
2660:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1994:
1968:
1754:Sundevall, 1833
1189:Heterotheridion
1030:β South America
1024:Echinotheridion
742:Agnarsson, 2006
731:Sundevall, 1833
525:Epsinus nubilus
469:
463:
401:kleptoparasitic
374:
219:
132:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4178:
4176:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4100:
4087:
4074:
4061:
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3999:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3951:Fauna Europaea
3947:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3872:
3859:
3846:
3831:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3686:(crab spiders)
3680:
3672:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3618:(bark hunters)
3613:
3608:
3598:
3593:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3561:Phrurolithidae
3558:
3553:Philodromidae
3550:
3545:
3542:(lynx spiders)
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3490:Megadictynidae
3487:
3479:
3475:(wolf spiders)
3469:
3461:
3451:
3443:
3441:Homalonychidae
3438:
3430:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3113:Gradungulidae
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3071:Austrochilidae
3068:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:Theraphosidae
3024:
3022:Porrhothelidae
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2893:Actinopodidae
2889:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:Heptathelidae
2843:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2722:External links
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2694:
2681:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2623:(1): 184β217.
2603:
2572:
2559:(3): 293β305.
2539:
2520:(5): 855β864.
2504:
2463:
2428:(4): 570β574.
2412:
2377:
2358:(6): 791β809.
2341:
2328:(3): 293β305.
2308:
2295:(3): 355β364.
2275:
2254:(3): 249β256.
2234:
2231:on 2007-09-27.
2214:(4): 453β593.
2191:
2162:(3): 590β597.
2142:
2129:(2): 211β232.
2109:
2052:
2024:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1977:Cretotheridion
1967:
1966:
1955:
1954:β Asia, Europe
1944:
1933:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1889:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1776:Saaristo, 2006
1768:
1757:
1746:
1735:
1732:Saaristo, 2006
1724:
1723:β Japan, China
1721:Yaginuma, 1957
1713:
1702:
1691:
1688:Saaristo, 2006
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1545:Westwood, 1835
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1471:
1470:β China, Japan
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1380:Saaristo, 2006
1372:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1321:Magnopholcomma
1317:
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1217:β South Africa
1207:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1123:Grancanaridion
1119:
1108:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
932:
931:β Asia, Africa
921:
910:
899:
888:
887:β South Africa
885:Lawrence, 1947
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
811:
800:
789:
778:
767:
764:Saaristo, 2006
756:
745:
734:
723:
712:
701:
698:Saaristo, 2006
690:
679:
668:
657:
646:
645:β China, Japan
635:
624:
613:
601:
465:Main article:
462:
459:
373:
370:
364:or a grinning
267:cobweb spiders
254:
253:
245:
244:
234:
233:
227:
226:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4177:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3744:(ant spiders)
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3677:(ray spiders)
3673:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Physoglenidae
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3376:Cycloctenidae
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Cyatholipidae
3364:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3344:(sac spiders)
3340:
3338:
3337:Cithaeronidae
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3309:Anyphaenidae
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3288:Amaurobiidae
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3224:Stenochilidae
3222:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:Segestriidae
3206:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3195:Plectreuridae
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3172:Palpimanidae
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3126:Hypochilidae
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3105:Filistatidae
3103:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Araneomorphae
3041:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2980:Macrothelidae
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:Hexathelidae
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:Barychelidae
2923:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Mygalomorphae
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:Opisthothelae
2864:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:Liphistiidae
2836:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1986:Burmese amber
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1952:Yoshida, 2007
1950:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1930:Yoshida, 2002
1928:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:Emerton, 1882
1851:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:Yoshida, 2001
1796:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:Berland, 1924
1675:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1622:L. Koch, 1872
1620:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1607:Pycnoepisinus
1604:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1534:Thorell, 1869
1532:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1519:Paratheridula
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:Yoshida, 2009
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:Yoshida, 2009
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:Yoshida, 2001
1455:
1454:
1450:
1446:Yoshida, 2016
1444:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1420:Nesopholcomma
1417:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1398:Neospintharus
1395:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1347:Thorell, 1892
1345:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:β Philippines
1279:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1259:Yoshida, 2016
1257:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:β New Zealand
1226:Forster, 1955
1224:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1178:Hentziectypus
1175:
1171:Thorell, 1890
1169:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1149:Thorell, 1881
1147:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
995:Thorell, 1869
993:
992:
988:
984:Yoshida, 2003
982:
981:
977:
973:L. Koch, 1872
971:
970:
966:
960:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
916:
915:
911:
905:
904:
900:
894:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
874:Yoshida, 2009
872:
871:
867:
861:
860:
856:
850:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
819:Yoshida, 2015
817:
816:
812:
806:
805:
801:
795:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
773:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
729:
728:
724:
720:Thorell, 1869
718:
717:
713:
707:
706:
702:
696:
695:
691:
685:
684:
680:
674:
673:
669:
665:Berland, 1927
663:
662:
658:
652:
651:
647:
641:
640:
639:Allothymoites
636:
630:
629:
625:
623:β Philippines
619:
618:
614:
608:
607:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
589:
585:, previously
584:
583:
578:
574:
573:
564:
563:
558:
552:
551:
546:
539:
538:
533:
527:
526:
521:
515:
514:
509:
503:
502:
497:
491:
490:
485:
479:
478:
473:
468:
460:
458:
456:
455:
450:
449:
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:
426:
424:
423:
422:Neospintharus
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
346:
341:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:widow spiders
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
251:
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
223:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:Araneomorphae
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3810:
3784:
3740:
3736:Xenoctenidae
3731:Viridasiidae
3708:Trechaleidae
3693:Titanoecidae
3682:
3666:Theridiidae
3665:
3664:
3634:Stiphidiidae
3625:Sparassidae
3623:
3616:Senoculidae
3600:
3571:Phyxelididae
3548:Penestomidae
3524:Nicodamidae
3471:
3464:Liocranidae
3455:Linyphiidae
3453:
3433:Hersiliidae
3416:Gnaphosidae
3414:
3342:Clubionidae
3316:
3296:Ammoxenidae
3277:
3248:
3184:
3180:Periegopidae
3151:
3134:Leptonetidae
2957:Euctenizidae
2701:31:225β245.
2698:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2595:. Retrieved
2588:
2575:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2226:the original
2211:
2207:
2194:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2018:
2012:
1988:of Myanmar.
1975:
1969:
1965:β St. Helena
1963:Benoit, 1977
1957:
1946:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1880:
1869:
1858:
1847:
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1781:
1778:β Seychelles
1770:
1759:
1748:
1737:
1734:β Seychelles
1726:
1717:Spheropistha
1715:
1704:
1701:β Seychelles
1693:
1690:β Seychelles
1682:
1673:Selkirkiella
1671:
1660:
1655:Archer, 1950
1649:
1638:
1627:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1589:Miller, 1970
1585:Proboscidula
1583:
1572:
1567:Archer, 1950
1561:
1550:
1539:
1528:
1517:
1512:Archer, 1946
1508:Parasteatoda
1506:
1501:Archer, 1950
1495:
1484:
1473:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1435:Archer, 1950
1429:
1418:
1407:
1402:Exline, 1950
1396:
1385:
1382:β Seychelles
1374:
1363:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1270:Archer, 1950
1264:
1253:
1248:Strand, 1932
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1182:Archer, 1946
1176:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1129:β Canary Is.
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1085:β Canary Is.
1077:
1066:
1055:
1050:Pavesi, 1880
1046:Enoplognatha
1044:
1039:Bryant, 1945
1033:
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
980:Deelemanella
978:
967:
962:Archer, 1946
956:
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
890:
881:Chorizopella
879:
868:
857:
848:Cephalobares
846:
835:
824:
813:
804:Cameronidion
802:
791:
782:Brunepisinus
780:
771:Borneoridion
769:
766:β Seychelles
758:
747:
744:β Madagascar
736:
725:
714:
703:
700:β Seychelles
692:
681:
670:
659:
648:
637:
626:
615:
610:Strand, 1929
604:
586:
582:Parasteatoda
580:
577:monophyletic
570:
568:
560:
548:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
452:
446:
444:
435:
429:
427:
420:
414:
408:
398:
375:
354:T. grallator
353:
347:
342:
334:
321:
294:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
242:3028 species
216:
203:Infraorder:
120:
29:
4155:Theridiidae
3990:iNaturalist
3868:Theridiidae
3855:Theridiidae
3841:Theridiidae
3835:Wikispecies
3811:Theridiidae
3742:Zodariidae
3723:Uloboridae
3703:Trachelidae
3684:Thomisidae
3652:Synotaxidae
3647:Synaphridae
3611:Selenopidae
3602:Salticidae
3587:(including
3581:Pisauridae
3532:Oecobiidae
3516:Nesticidae
3508:Mysmenidae
3482:Malkaridae
3446:Lamponidae
3381:Deinopidae
3350:Corinnidae
3279:Agelenidae
3266:Entelegynae
3216:Sicariidae
3200:Scytodidae
3162:Orsolobidae
3121:Huttoniidae
3097:Dysderidae
3089:Drymusidae
3081:Diguetidae
3063:Archaeidae
3006:Nemesiidae
2949:Dipluridae
2933:Ctenizidae
2805:Chelicerata
2803:Subphylum:
2393:: 515β521.
1948:Yunohamella
1941:Baert, 1984
1897:Simon, 1895
1831:Simon, 1881
1787:Simon, 1894
1743:Hentz, 1850
1728:Spinembolia
1662:Sardinidion
1640:Ruborridion
1600:Simon, 1894
1574:Platnickina
1541:Phoroncidia
1475:Ohlertidion
1453:Nipponidion
1413:Menge, 1868
1365:Montanidion
1336:Simon, 1894
1327:β Australia
1299:Latrodectus
1292:Simon, 1881
1233:Jamaitidion
1215:Simon, 1895
1173:β Indonesia
1145:Hadrotarsus
1138:Baert, 1984
1134:Guaraniella
1072:Menge, 1868
1035:Emertonella
1017:Simon, 1909
986:β Indonesia
969:Cyllognatha
958:Cryptachaea
951:Menge, 1868
940:Simon, 1894
936:Craspedisia
929:Simon, 1895
896:Simon, 1894
892:Chrosiothes
863:Simon, 1894
815:Campanicola
799:β Venezuela
788:β Indonesia
777:β Indonesia
709:Simon, 1864
694:Argyrodella
687:Simon, 1891
672:Anatolidion
667:β Australia
628:Achaeridion
617:Achaearyopa
606:Achaearanea
588:Achaearanea
436:Latrodectus
431:Achaearanea
405:Argyrodinae
403:members of
362:smiley face
305:ecribellate
275:araneomorph
259:Theridiidae
217:Theridiidae
177:Chelicerata
173:Subphylum:
4149:Categories
3751:Zoropsidae
3596:Psechridae
3540:Oxyopidae
3503:Miturgidae
3495:Mimetidae
3473:Lycosidae
3425:Hahniidae
3397:Dictynidae
3318:Araneidae
3229:Telemidae
3186:Pholcidae
3167:Pacullidae
3153:Oonopidae
3076:Caponiidae
2909:Atracidae
2827:Mesothelae
2799:Arthropoda
2597:2015-11-06
2046:2019-04-25
2004:References
1982:Cenomanian
1926:Yaginumena
1860:Thwaitesia
1820:Levi, 1957
1811:β Malaysia
1805:Tamanidion
1739:Spintharus
1706:Simitidion
1695:Seycellesa
1651:Rugathodes
1596:Propostira
1563:Phylloneta
1523:Levi, 1957
1497:Paidiscura
1442:Nihonhimea
1431:Nesticodes
1387:Neopisinus
1371:β Malaysia
1310:Macaridion
1211:Histagonia
1090:Exalbidion
1028:Levi, 1963
947:Crustulina
826:Canalidion
810:β Malaysia
797:Levi, 1964
683:Anelosimus
440:Nesticidae
382:spider web
336:Anelosimus
301:entelegyne
295:Theridiid
238:124 genera
167:Arthropoda
3698:Toxopidae
3402:Eresidae
3371:Cybaeidae
3358:Ctenidae
2975:Idiopidae
2917:Atypidae
2867:Suborder
2825:Suborder
2811:Arachnida
2791:Kingdom:
2653:207937170
2637:1464-7931
2422:Oecologia
1980:from the
1970:About 35
1959:Zercidium
1871:Thymoites
1849:Theridula
1838:Theridion
1816:Tekellina
1618:Rhomphaea
1552:Phycosoma
1530:Pholcomma
1486:Okumaella
1424:Ono, 2010
1409:Neottiura
1255:Keijiella
1239:β Jamaica
1200:Hetschkia
1079:Eurypoena
1013:Dipoenura
1002:Dipoenata
925:Coscinida
914:Coleosoma
837:Carniella
705:Argyrodes
650:Ameridion
643:Ono, 2007
572:Theridion
454:Coleosoma
448:Theridion
410:Argyrodes
315:) on the
299:are both
231:Diversity
222:Sundevall
187:Arachnida
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
3899:BugGuide
3875:BioLib:
3820:Wikidata
3718:Udubidae
3576:Pimoidae
3389:Desidae
3327:Arkyidae
3304:Anapidae
2998:Migidae
2797:Phylum:
2793:Animalia
2782:families
2708:Scripta.
2688:Archived
2675:Archived
2645:31713947
2534:53182880
2499:15879074
2458:11217593
2450:28308120
2407:53177663
2372:26850827
2289:Heredity
2248:Heredity
2186:17439475
2104:29127355
1992:See also
1893:Tomoxena
1882:Tidarren
1783:Styposis
1761:Stemmops
1750:Steatoda
1629:Robertus
1464:Nojimaia
1316:β Europe
1288:Lasaeola
1277:Landoppo
1266:Kochiura
1206:β Brazil
1167:Helvidia
1156:Helvibis
1101:Faiditus
1068:Euryopis
1057:Episinus
942:β Brazil
870:Chikunia
859:Cerocida
832:β Russia
716:Ariamnes
634:β Turkey
416:Faiditus
345:Hawaiian
309:bristles
213:Family:
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
4106:7087238
3589:Halidae
2809:Class:
2780:Araneae
2778:Extant
2430:Bibcode
2164:Bibcode
2095:5681556
2074:Bibcode
1972:extinct
1827:Theonoe
1794:Takayus
1646:β India
1613:β Kenya
1492:β Japan
1459:β Japan
1426:β Japan
1343:Molione
1332:Meotipa
1112:Gmogala
991:Dipoena
903:Chrysso
793:Cabello
760:Bardala
749:Audifia
738:Asygyna
727:Asagena
390:insects
297:spiders
288:in 124
286:species
278:spiders
197:Araneae
193:Order:
183:Class:
4119:231930
4103:uBio:
4070:917915
4054:NZOR:
4008:101228
3943:1THERF
3826:Q12019
2651:
2643:
2635:
2532:
2497:
2456:
2448:
2405:
2370:
2270:824014
2268:
2184:
2102:
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1932:β Asia
1915:Wirada
1800:β Asia
1684:Sesato
1376:Nanume
1354:Moneta
1349:β Asia
1261:β Asia
1244:Janula
876:β Asia
821:β Asia
661:Anatea
461:Genera
419:, and
358:morphs
317:tarsus
290:genera
224:, 1833
4114:WoRMS
4091:Plazi
4083:57477
4047:34643
4021:82740
4003:IRMNG
3995:47371
3956:10655
2649:S2CID
2585:(PDF)
2530:S2CID
2454:S2CID
2403:S2CID
2368:S2CID
2266:S2CID
2229:(PDF)
2204:(PDF)
1984:aged
1937:Yoroa
1904:Wamba
1772:Stoda
1222:Icona
366:clown
313:setae
4042:NCBI
4016:ITIS
3982:9583
3977:GBIF
3938:EPPO
3904:1960
3891:1249
3886:BOLD
3785:Bold
2641:PMID
2633:ISSN
2495:PMID
2446:PMID
2182:PMID
2100:PMID
394:silk
386:ants
378:webs
372:Webs
343:The
269:and
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4127:WSC
4029:NBN
3930:169
3925:EoL
3917:H6N
3912:CoL
3878:968
3863:AFD
3850:ADW
2703:PDF
2685:PDF
2672:PDF
2625:doi
2561:doi
2522:doi
2485:doi
2481:208
2438:doi
2426:111
2395:doi
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