985:
1939:
536:
692:
38:
969:
672:
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1933:
588:
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483:(9P/1972 A1, 1972 V, 1972a). The comet became widely observed, reached a maximum brightness of magnitude 11 during May, and was last seen on July 10. Since that time the comet has been seen at every apparition, in 1978 (1978 II, 1977i), 1983 (1983 XI, 1982j), 1989 (1989 I, 1987e1), 1994 (1994 XIUX, 1993c), 2000, and 2005.
467:. Marsden found that further close approaches to Jupiter in 1941 (0.41 AU) and 1953 (0.77 AU) had decreased both the perihelion distance and the orbital period to values smaller than when the comet was initially discovered (5.84 and 5.55 years, respectively). These approaches moved Tempel 1 into its present
475:
of the
Catalina Observatory took several photographs. Initial inspection revealed nothing, but in late 1968 she found a June 8, 1967 exposure (Tempel 1 had passed perihelion in January) that held the image of an 18th magnitude diffuse object very close to where Marsden had predicted the comet to be.
804:
According to NASA "The impactor delivers 19 Gigajoules (that's 4.8 tons of TNT) of kinetic energy to excavate the crater. This kinetic energy is generated by the combination of the mass of the impactor (370 kg; 816 lbs) and its velocity when it impacts (~10.2 km/s)". According to NASA, "The energy
1696:
1093:
951:
1472:
Lisse, Carey M.; VanCleve, J.; Adams, A. C.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Fernández, Y. R.; Farnham, T. L.; Armus, L.; Grillmair, C. J.; Ingalls, J.; Belton, M. J. S.; Groussin, O.; McFadden, L. A.; Meech, K. J.; Schultz, P. H.; Clark, B. C..; Feaga, L. M.; Sunshine, J. M. (2006).
614:
probe, one day before perihelion. The impact was photographed by the other component of the probe, which recorded a bright spray from the impact site. The impact was also observed by earthbound and space telescopes, which recorded a brightening of several magnitudes.
445:
1322:
Lisse, Carey M.; Dennerl, K.; Christian, D. J.; Wolk, S. J.; Bodewits, D.; Zurbuchen, T. H.; Hansen, K. C.; Hoekstra, R.; Combi, M.; Fry, C. D.; Dryer, M.; Mäkinen, T; Sun, W. (2007). "Chandra observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact campaign".
1375:
Lisse, Carey M.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Groussin, O.; Fernández, Y. R.; Belton, M. J. S.; VanCleve, J.; Charmandaris, V.; Meech, K. J.; McGleam, C. (2005). "Rotationally
Resolved 8-35 Micron Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of the Nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1".
626:
due to the cloud of dust raised by the impact, but was estimated to be between 100 and 250 meters in diameter and 30 meters deep. Spitzer Space
Telescope observations of the ejecta detected dust particles finer than human hair and discovered the presence of
984:
1688:
1085:
518:
of only 4%. A two-day rotation rate was also determined. The comet was also seen to emit x-rays due to highly charged solar wind ions removing electrons via charge exchange from gases outflowing from Tempel 1's nucleus.
788:
was placed into a new orbit so that it approached Tempel 1. It passed at a distance of approximately 181 km (112 mi) on
February 15, 2011, 04:42 UTC. This was the first time that a comet was visited twice.
847:
Jupiter, and by
October 2084 perihelion will be lifted as high as 1.98 AU. Then perihelion will start dropping again and it will pass 0.0191 AU (2.86 million km; 1.78 million mi) from
773:
collision could not be imaged during the initial flyby, on 3 July 2007, NASA approved the New
Exploration of Tempel 1 (or NExT) mission. The low-cost mission utilized the already existing
663:, consistent with surface water ice detected by Deep Impact's spectrometer instrument. The water ice came from 1 meter below the surface crust (the devolatized layer around the nucleus).
3305:
433:
to be altered, with a consequent change in the comet's orbital period. This occurred in 1881 (closest approach to
Jupiter of 0.55 AU), lengthening the orbital period to 6.5 years.
800:. The crater is estimated to be 150 m (490 ft) in diameter and has a bright mound in the center likely created when material from the impact fell back into the crater.
506:
since discovery has been 11, far below naked-eye visibility. Its nucleus measures 7.6 km Ă— 4.9 km (4.7 mi Ă— 3.0 mi). Measurements taken by the
4563:
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spacecraft on
February 14, 2011, and came back to perihelion in August 2016. On 26 May 2024, it will make a modest approach of 0.55 AU to Jupiter which will lift the
2080:
808:
The geometry of the flyby allowed investigators to obtain considerably more three-dimensional information about the nucleus from stereo pairs of images than during
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once every 5.68 years (designations 9P/1867 G1 and 1867 II). It was subsequently observed in 1873 (9P/1873 G1, 1873 I, 1873a) and in 1879 (1879 III, 1879b).
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2012:
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2123:
84:
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2154:
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58:
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2002:
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Sunshine, Jessica M.; Groussin, O.; Schultz, P. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Feaga, L. M.; Farnham, T. L.; Klaasen, K. P. (2007).
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1997:
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1985:
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1932:
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space mission, which photographed a deliberate high-speed impact upon the comet in 2005. It was re-visited by the
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2007:
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photos of a smooth elevated feature on the surface of the nucleus showing recession of icy cliffs at the margins.
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also changed, increasing by 50 million kilometres, to 2.1 AU, rendering the comet far less visible from
425:
Photographic attempts during 1898 and 1905 failed to recover the comet, and astronomers surmised that it had
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2139:
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429:, when in reality, its orbit had changed. Tempel 1's orbit occasionally brings it sufficiently close to
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distance and 9P will next come to perihelion on 12 February 2028 when it will be 1.77 AU from the Sun.
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s encounter. Scientists were able to quickly spot locations where an elevated flow-like formation of
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on
November 11, 2011. Then, as a Jupiter-family comet, it will spend years interacting with the
503:
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836:. Tempel 1 passed within 0.04 AU – or 5.9 million km (3.7 million mi) – of the
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At least two images are required for orbit computation, so the next return had to be awaited.
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performed precise calculations of the comet's orbit that took into account
Jupiter's
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Tempel 1 was rediscovered in 1967 (as 9P/1967 L1, 1966 VII) after British astronomer
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1.506 AU (225.3 million km; 140.0 million mi; 586 LD)
837:
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441:. Perihelion did not drop below 2 AU until 1944 after a 1941 approach to Jupiter.
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2019:
1183:
1524:
1440:"Stardust prepares for a first-second look at a comet: Tempel 1 on February 14"
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1965:
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from the impact will excavate a crater approximately 100m wide and 28m deep".
632:
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17:
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around the 1:2 resonance with Jupiter. Despite an unfavorable 1967 return,
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2421:
2102:
2039:
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723:
636:
324:
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905:
430:
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605:(01:52 EDT), Tempel 1 was deliberately struck by one component of the
479:
Roemer and L. M. Vaughn recovered the comet on January 11, 1972, from
1179:
660:
515:
491:
1397:
448:
Detail of crater-like features on Comet Tempel 1 in image taken by
1947:
1879:
1779:
737:
690:
670:
586:
571:
534:
490:
443:
438:
188:
175:
1787:
1525:"The distribution of water ice in the interior of Comet Tempel 1"
928:
859:
849:
792:
On February 15, NASA scientists identified the crater formed by
606:
340:
310:
3433:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
2318:
1852:
1691:(Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive).
1412:"Space Telescopes Sharpen View of Comet for UM-Led Deep Impact"
1088:(Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive).
305:
7.6 km Ă— 4.9 km (4.7 mi Ă— 3.0 mi)
656:
383:
3449:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
1196:
D. T. Britt; G. J. Consol-magno SJ; W. J. Merline (2006).
1086:"Horizons Batch for 9P/Tempel 1 (90000191) on 2028-Feb-12"
1848:
1475:"Spitzer Spectral Observations of the Deep Impact Ejecta"
1198:"Small Body Density and Porosity: New Data, New Insights"
1186:
density of 0.62 g/cm yields a mass (m=d*v) of 7.9E+13 kg
1433:
1431:
3982:
3696:
3390:
3377:
3304:
3244:
3223:
3107:
3098:
2988:
2785:
2347:
2336:
2282:
2132:
2111:
2053:
1946:
1890:
1271:"The History of Tempel 1, the 'Deep Impact' Target"
350:
330:
309:
299:
294:
283:
275:
265:
253:
239:
229:
219:
209:
199:
187:
174:
164:
157:
82:
77:
69:
57:
52:
1359:"Deep Impact – Exploring the Interior of a Comet"
828:Comets are in unstable orbits that evolve due to
591:The head-on collision of comet 9P/Tempel and the
546:trajectory from 12 January 2005 to 8 August 2013
386:every 5.6 years. Tempel 1 was the target of the
1689:"Horizons Batch for 9P/Tempel 1 on 2084-Oct-14"
1518:
1516:
816:material on the comet's surface receded due to
702:trajectory from 7 February 1999 to 7 April 2011
42:Composite of images of nucleus obtained by the
1642:
1640:
1129:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9P/Tempel 1"
1080:
1078:
1076:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
769:In part, because the crater formed during the
502:Tempel 1 is not a bright comet; its brightest
1864:
410:Tempel 1 was discovered on April 3, 1867, by
8:
1317:
1315:
30:
3387:
3104:
2344:
2333:
2315:
1887:
1871:
1857:
1849:
1818:
418:. At the time of discovery, it approached
1747:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
3534:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
3509:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
3444:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
1724:"Deep Impact: Excavating comet Tempel 1"
856:
675:Before and after comparison images from
4564:Astronomical objects discovered in 1867
3544:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
1178:Using a spherical diameter of 6.25 km;
1157:. The Planetary Society. Archived from
1009:
964:
1649:"Some early scientific impressions of
382:in 1867. It completes an orbit of the
290:0.52 AU (78 million km)
29:
3484:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
195:(1.77 AU after 2024 Jupiter approach)
7:
2124:List of comets visited by spacecraft
1708:(JPL#K2234/6 Soln.date: 2023-May-04)
1203:. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII
3569:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
1722:A'Hearn, M. F; et al. (2005).
1105:(JPL#K223/6 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-08)
1806:Tempel 1 natural/contrast-enhanced
1603:Tony Greicius (15 February 2011).
25:
3709:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
3489:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
1571:Spacecraft Completes Comet Flyby"
514:in infrared light suggest a low
4513:
4512:
3559:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
1937:
1931:
1647:Lakdawalla, Emily (2011-02-16).
1438:Lakdawalla, Emily (2011-01-19).
1246:"Tempel 1: Biography of a comet"
983:
967:
653:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
36:
3653:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
3539:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
3529:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
3504:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
3479:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
3474:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
3469:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
3464:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
3459:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
3454:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
3423:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
3418:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
3413:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
3408:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
3403:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
2066:Observational history of comets
1699:from the original on 2023-07-12
1294:Kinoshita, Kazuo (2018-07-07).
1096:from the original on 2022-06-15
683:, showing the crater formed by
622:that formed was not visible to
3688:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
3678:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
3085:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
655:. Spitzer also detected water
1:
3673:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
2155:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
1226:NASA Solar System Exploration
406:Discovery and orbital history
4549:Comets visited by spacecraft
3714:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
3636:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
3236:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
3145:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
2637:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
1627:"The Deep Impact Spacecraft"
1552:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.024
1345:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.004
495:Tempel 1 in X-ray light by
3205:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
2577:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
2557:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
2088:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
916:2183-Oct-17 16:25 ± 2 hours
4580:
3594:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
3574:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
3514:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
3499:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
2119:List of missions to comets
1660:The Planetary Society Blog
1565:Able, D. C. (2011-02-14).
510:in visible light and the
4508:
3879:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
3824:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
3524:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
3439:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
3398:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
3364:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
2732:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
2687:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
2332:
2314:
2264:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
1929:
1886:
1821:
927:; 1.78 million
35:
3584:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
3519:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
3494:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
2717:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
2507:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
2497:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
2170:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
1222:"In Depth | 9P/Tempel 1"
923:(2.86 million
862:approach on 2183-Oct-17
687:on the right hand image.
601:On 4 July 2005 at 05:52
487:Physical characteristics
295:Physical characteristics
85:Alternative designations
4059:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
3914:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
3115:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
2407:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
2255:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
2098:Small Solar System body
1749:10.1126/science.1118923
1499:10.1126/science.1124694
1269:Rao, Joe (2005-06-03).
512:Spitzer Space Telescope
367:(official designation:
353:Synodic rotation period
225:5.59 years (2,040 days)
159:Orbital characteristics
3894:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
3889:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
3734:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
3631:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
3611:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
3210:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
3170:107P/Wilson–Harrington
3165:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
3135:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
3011:4015 Wilson–Harrington
2855:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
2820:107P/Wilson–Harrington
2810:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
2622:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
1811:Four views of Tempel 1
1605:"Tempel 1 Impact Site"
1444:Planetary Society blog
766:
688:
598:
584:
508:Hubble Space Telescope
499:
456:
4412:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
3974:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3924:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
3904:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
3869:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
3849:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
3794:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
3784:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
3764:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
3729:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
3724:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
3719:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
3554:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
3200:206P/Barnard–Boattini
2722:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
2632:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
2527:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
2274:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
2235:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
2165:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
2140:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
1664:The Planetary Society
1575:Stardust-Next Mission
1448:The Planetary Society
1378:Astrophysical Journal
1131:(2023-01-03 last obs)
852:on October 17, 2183.
694:
674:
590:
538:
494:
447:
414:, who was working at
4392:Skjellerup–Maristany
3929:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
3839:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
3829:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
3804:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
3789:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
3744:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
3658:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
3328:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
3316:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
3155:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
2712:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
2612:52P/Harrington–Abell
2587:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
2482:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
2457:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
820:between encounters.
780:, which had studied
376:Jupiter-family comet
27:Jupiter-family comet
4461:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
3964:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
3954:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
3934:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
3919:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
3909:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
3899:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
3884:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
3854:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
3834:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
3809:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
3754:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
3648:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
3621:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
3606:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
3579:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
3090:(300163) 2006 VW139
2960:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
2865:156P/Russell–LINEAR
2747:79P/du Toit–Hartley
2657:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
2642:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
2567:43P/Wolf–Harrington
2467:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
2269:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
2245:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
2240:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
2220:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
2190:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
2175:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
1740:2005Sci...310..258A
1544:2007Icar..190..284S
1491:2006Sci...313..635L
1390:2005ApJ...625L.139L
1337:2007Icar..190..391L
1155:"Comet 9P/Tempel 1"
863:
481:Steward Observatory
244:ascending node
70:Discovery date
32:
4397:Skorichenko–George
3992:Aarseth-Brewington
3944:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
3864:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
3844:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
3814:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
3774:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
3759:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
3749:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
3683:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
3668:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
3549:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
3252:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
3160:80P/Peters–Hartley
2875:162P/Siding Spring
2752:80P/Peters–Hartley
2617:53P/Van Biesbroeck
2542:38P/Stephan–Oterma
2250:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
2225:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
2215:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
2205:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
2185:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
2145:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
1180:volume of a sphere
978:spacecraft in 2011
974:Tempel 1 from the
867:Date & time of
858:9P/Tempel closest
857:
802:Energy of impactor
767:
689:
599:
585:
504:apparent magnitude
500:
457:
59:Discovered by
4526:
4525:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4111:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
3949:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
3819:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
3626:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
3616:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
3589:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
3564:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
3373:
3372:
3300:
3299:
3262:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
3140:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
3017:7968 Elst–Pizarro
2935:273P/Pons–Gambart
2880:168P/Hergenrother
2870:161P/Hartley–IRAS
2830:109P/Swift–Tuttle
2672:64P/Swift–Gehrels
2627:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
2442:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
2310:
2309:
2297:Comets in fiction
2200:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
2195:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
2150:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
2076:Comet discoverers
1847:
1846:
1734:(5746): 258–264.
1656:s Tempel 1 flyby"
1485:(5787): 635–640.
1027:
958:
957:
954:
869:closest approach
362:
361:
242:Longitude of
16:(Redirected from
4571:
4516:
4515:
4474:
4452:
4444:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
4271:McNaught–Russell
3959:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
3874:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3859:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
3799:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
3779:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
3769:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
3739:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
3704:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
3663:C/1975 V1 (West)
3644:
3602:
3388:
3105:
2860:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
2597:49P/Arend–Rigaux
2387:7P/Pons–Winnecke
2345:
2334:
2316:
2292:Antimatter comet
2180:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
2061:Naming of comets
1941:
1935:
1888:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1819:
1769:
1751:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1666:. Archived from
1655:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1562:
1556:
1555:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
1435:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1416:www.newswise.com
1408:
1402:
1401:
1384:(2): L139–L142.
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1082:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1060:cometography.com
1051:
1028:
1023:
1021:
987:
971:
950:
864:
824:Close approaches
765:
763:
754:
749:
740:
735:
726:
721:
712:
707:
701:
649:amorphous carbon
583:
578:
574:
569:
565:
563:
559:
551:
545:
473:Elizabeth Roemer
461:Brian G. Marsden
454:
322:
318:
40:
33:
21:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4544:Numbered comets
4539:Periodic comets
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4492:
4468:
4446:
3984:
3978:
3969:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
3692:
3638:
3596:
3382:
3380:
3369:
3307:
3296:
3240:
3219:
3094:
2991:
2984:
2787:
2781:
2662:62P/Tsuchinshan
2652:60P/Tsuchinshan
2647:59P/Kearns–Kwee
2412:12P/Pons–Brooks
2349:
2339:
2328:
2321:Lists of comets
2306:
2284:
2278:
2263:
2160:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
2128:
2107:
2049:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1882:
1877:
1840:
1830:
1823:Numbered comets
1816:
1776:
1721:
1718:
1716:Further reading
1713:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1031:
1022:
1011:
1006:
999:
988:
979:
972:
963:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
887:
882:
873:
868:
826:
796:in images from
764: Tempel 1
761:
760:
747:
746:
733:
732:
719:
718:
705:
704:
703:
699:
669:
576:
575:
567:
566:
561:
560:
549:
548:
547:
543:
533:
525:
489:
452:
408:
355:
336:
320:
316:
276:Next perihelion
270:
266:Last perihelion
256:
246:
243:
201:Semi-major axis
194:
153:
87:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4577:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4559:Comets in 2016
4556:
4554:Comets in 2011
4551:
4546:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4466:Wilson–Hubbard
4463:
4458:
4453:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:311P/PanSTARRS
4330:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3385:
3379:Near-Parabolic
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:205P/Giacobini
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:358P/PANSTARRS
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:311P/PanSTARRS
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3038:60558 Echeclus
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2980:460P/PanSTARRS
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:311P/PanSTARRS
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2900:205P/Giacobini
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:51P/Harrington
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:32P/Comas SolĂ
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:24P/Schaumasse
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2302:Comet vintages
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Near-parabolic
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Jupiter-family
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1775:
1774:External links
1772:
1771:
1770:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1680:
1636:
1633:. 6 June 2013.
1618:
1595:
1557:
1538:(2): 284–294.
1512:
1464:
1427:
1403:
1398:10.1086/431238
1367:
1350:
1331:(2): 391–405.
1311:
1286:
1261:
1237:
1213:
1188:
1171:
1141:
1107:
1072:
1029:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
990:Comparison of
989:
982:
980:
973:
966:
962:
959:
956:
955:
948:
947:± 6620 km
945:
942:
939:
936:
917:
913:
912:
909:
898:
891:
884:
879:
870:
825:
822:
752:5535 Annefrank
668:
665:
641:metal sulfides
564: Tempel 1
532:
526:
524:
521:
488:
485:
412:Wilhelm Tempel
407:
404:
380:Wilhelm Tempel
378:discovered by
360:
359:
356:
351:
348:
347:
337:
331:
328:
327:
313:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
271:August 2, 2016
267:
263:
262:
259:
251:
250:
247:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
226:
223:
221:Orbital period
217:
216:
213:
207:
206:
203:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
178:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
155:
154:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
90:
88:
83:
80:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
64:Wilhelm Tempel
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
26:
24:
18:Comet Tempel 1
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4576:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:Siding Spring
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3215:289P/Blanpain
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:113P/Spitaler
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:27P/Crommelin
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:324P/La Sagra
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:118401 LINEAR
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:289P/Blanpain
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:178P/Hug–Bell
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:141P/Machholz
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:27P/Crommelin
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:Unknown-orbit
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1924:
1923:Meteor shower
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1670:on 2011-02-21
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1585:on 2011-02-18
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1454:on 2012-04-01
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1161:on 2006-02-09
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1057:
1056:"9P/Tempel 1"
1054:Kronk, Gary.
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1003:
997:
993:
986:
981:
977:
970:
965:
960:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
899:
892:
885:
880:
877:
872:Mars distance
871:
866:
865:
861:
855:
853:
851:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
830:perturbations
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
795:
790:
787:
783:
779:
777:
772:
758:
753:
744:
739:
730:
725:
716:
711:
698:
695:Animation of
693:
686:
682:
678:
673:
666:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
616:
613:
612:
608:
604:
597:
595:
589:
582:
573:
557:
556:
542:
539:Animation of
537:
531:space mission
530:
527:
522:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
493:
486:
484:
482:
477:
474:
470:
466:
465:perturbations
462:
451:
446:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:disintegrated
423:
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
357:
354:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
329:
326:
314:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
293:
289:
287:
282:
278:
274:
269:March 4, 2022
268:
264:
260:
258:
252:
248:
245:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
202:
198:
192:
190:
186:
183:
179:
177:
173:
169:
167:
163:
160:
156:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
89:
86:
81:
76:
73:April 3, 1867
72:
68:
65:
62:
60:
56:
51:
47:
46:
39:
34:
19:
4205:C/2001 OG108
3997:Arend–Roland
3358:103P/Hartley
3348:(2005, 2011)
3345:
3334:19P/Borrelly
3282:75D/Kohoutek
3267:20D/Westphal
3190:177P/Barnard
3185:157P/Tritton
3180:122P/de Vico
3055:259P/Garradd
2890:177P/Barnard
2850:144P/Kushida
2835:122P/de Vico
2825:108P/Ciffréo
2815:103P/Hartley
2805:96P/Machholz
2737:77P/Longmore
2727:75D/Kohoutek
2582:46P/Wirtanen
2572:44P/Reinmuth
2502:30P/Reinmuth
2452:20D/Westphal
2447:19P/Borrelly
2396:
2045:Interstellar
1998:Non-periodic
1815:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1780:Space.com -
1731:
1727:
1701:. Retrieved
1693:JPL Horizons
1683:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1659:
1650:
1630:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1574:
1568:
1560:
1535:
1531:
1482:
1478:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1443:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1353:
1328:
1324:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1191:
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1133:. Retrieved
1098:. Retrieved
1090:JPL Horizons
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
995:
991:
975:
919:0.0191
881:Sun distance
854:
845:giant planet
838:dwarf planet
827:
810:Deep Impact'
809:
807:
797:
793:
791:
785:
782:Comet Wild 2
775:
770:
768:
756:
742:
728:
714:
709:
696:
684:
680:
676:
667:NEXT mission
623:
617:
610:
600:
593:
581:103P/Hartley
553:
540:
528:
501:
478:
458:
449:
424:
409:
394:
388:
368:
364:
363:
211:Eccentricity
78:Designations
44:
4469: [
4447: [
4343:C/2015 ER61
4052:C/2013 US10
3639: [
3597: [
3292:85D/Boethin
3287:83D/Russell
3272:25D/Neujmin
3075:354P/LINEAR
3033:167P/CINEOS
3023:165P/LINEAR
3005:2060 Chiron
3000:596 Scheila
2970:354P/LINEAR
2965:333P/LINEAR
2925:252P/LINEAR
2920:249P/LINEAR
2905:209P/LINEAR
2800:92P/Sanguin
2777:85D/Boethin
2767:83D/Russell
2762:82P/Gehrels
2742:78P/Gehrels
2692:68P/Klemola
2682:66P/du Toit
2592:48P/Johnson
2562:42P/Neujmin
2552:40P/Väisälä
2532:36P/Whipple
2492:28P/Neujmin
2477:25D/Neujmin
2382:6P/d'Arrest
2285:speculation
2283:Culture and
2112:Exploration
2020:Great Comet
1976:Halley-type
1971:Long period
1790:Deep Impact
1782:Deep Impact
1611:16 February
1300:Comet Orbit
1296:"9P/Tempel"
1250:www.esa.int
1184:rubble pile
992:Deep Impact
931:; 7.4
900:Uncertainty
818:sublimation
794:Deep Impact
771:Deep Impact
685:Deep Impact
677:Deep Impact
645:fool's gold
624:Deep Impact
611:Deep Impact
594:Deep Impact
555:Deep Impact
541:Deep Impact
529:Deep Impact
523:Exploration
450:Deep Impact
389:Deep Impact
279:2028-Feb-12
255:Argument of
231:Inclination
45:Deep Impact
4533:Categories
4417:Stonehouse
4370:Seki–Lines
4318:Pan-STARRS
4308:Oukaimeden
4183:C/2000 WM1
4106:Ikeya-Seki
3983:After 1910
3939:2I/Borisov
3697:After 1990
3391:Until 1990
3308:spacecraft
3306:Visited by
3257:5D/Brorsen
3150:69P/Taylor
3125:17P/Holmes
3120:15P/Finlay
3070:331P/Gibbs
2990:Comet-like
2795:88P/Howell
2786:After 1985
2772:84P/Giclas
2702:70P/Kojima
2697:69P/Taylor
2547:39P/Oterma
2537:37P/Forbes
2517:33P/Daniel
2437:17P/Holmes
2432:16P/Brooks
2427:15P/Finlay
2417:13P/Olbers
2402:10P/Tempel
2377:5D/Brorsen
2348:Until 1985
2210:2I/Borisov
2093:Oort cloud
2025:Sungrazing
2008:Hyperbolic
1986:Encke-type
1918:Comet dust
1842:10P/Tempel
1703:2023-07-12
1674:2011-02-16
1589:2011-02-16
1458:2011-02-19
1421:2018-01-10
1305:2023-07-19
1280:2022-08-04
1255:2022-08-04
1231:2022-08-04
1207:2008-12-16
1165:2008-12-16
1135:2008-12-16
1100:2022-06-15
1004:References
911:Reference
834:outgassing
778:spacecraft
633:carbonates
455:s impactor
435:Perihelion
420:perihelion
400:perihelion
358:40.7 hours
301:Dimensions
189:Perihelion
170:2023-02-25
120:9P/1972 A1
114:9P/1967 L1
99:9P/1873 G1
93:9P/1867 G1
4483:Zhu–Balam
4437:C/2020 F8
4432:C/2012 E2
4427:C/2006 M4
4385:C/2013 A1
4380:C/2007 Q3
4360:Pojmański
4348:C/2017 K2
4338:C/2014 Q1
4328:C/2012 K1
4323:C/2011 L4
4313:ʻOumuamua
4303:Nishimura
4291:C/2002 V1
4286:C/2001 Q4
4264:C/2009 R1
4259:C/2006 P1
4237:C/2014 Q2
4232:C/2013 R1
4227:C/2011 W3
4222:C/2007 E2
4210:C/2007 F1
4193:C/2002 T7
4188:C/2001 A2
4178:C/1999 S4
4156:C/2019 U6
4151:C/2018 C2
4146:C/2012 F6
4099:C/1964 N1
4094:C/1963 A1
4084:Hyakutake
4074:Hale-Bopp
4047:C/1999 F1
4032:Bradfield
4007:Beljawsky
3985:(by name)
3428:C/1652 Y1
3383:(notable)
3352:C/2006 P1
3346:9P/Tempel
3322:1P/Halley
3245:Not found
3224:Destroyed
3108:Recovered
3050:238P/Read
3028:166P/NEAT
2992:asteroids
2955:323P/SOHO
2950:322P/SOHO
2930:255P/Levy
2915:246P/NEAT
2910:238P/Read
2885:169P/NEAT
2840:126P/IRAS
2788:(notable)
2707:71P/Clark
2602:50P/Arend
2462:22P/Kopff
2397:9P/Tempel
2392:8P/Tuttle
2357:1P/Halley
2260:C/2014 UN
2230:C/2017 U7
1991:Main-belt
1836:Tempel 1
1832:8P/Tuttle
1275:Space.com
784:in 2004.
643:(such as
629:silicates
469:libration
416:Marseille
369:9P/Tempel
319:10 to 7.9
257:periapsis
53:Discovery
31:9P/Tempel
4518:Category
4407:Southern
4254:McNaught
4249:Machholz
4136:Kohoutek
4042:Catalina
4017:Boattini
3340:81P/Wild
3277:34D/Gale
3231:3D/Biela
2757:81P/Wild
2677:65P/Gunn
2667:63P/Wild
2522:34D/Gale
2422:14P/Wolf
2367:3D/Biela
2362:2P/Encke
2338:Periodic
2103:Asteroid
2040:Exocomet
1961:Numbered
1956:Periodic
1913:Antitail
1891:Features
1829:Previous
1798:Stardust
1758:16150978
1697:Archived
1651:Stardust
1569:Stardust
1567:"NASA's
1507:16840662
1094:Archived
1065:18 April
996:Stardust
976:Stardust
952:Horizons
893:Velocity
888:wrt Mars
886:Velocity
798:Stardust
786:Stardust
776:Stardust
724:81P/Wild
710:Stardust
697:Stardust
681:Stardust
637:smectite
596:impactor
395:Stardust
373:periodic
365:Tempel 1
205:3.151 AU
193:1.545 AU
176:Aphelion
147:1994 XIX
117:1966 VII
108:1879 III
48:impactor
4478:Yi–SWAN
4355:Pereyra
4298:NEOWISE
4217:Lovejoy
4163:Leonard
4131:Johnson
4126:Jacques
4121:Iwamoto
4079:Humason
4064:Eclipse
4022:Borisov
4012:Bennett
2372:4P/Faye
2071:Centaur
2054:Related
2035:Extinct
1898:Nucleus
1796:NASA -
1788:NASA -
1766:6244382
1736:Bibcode
1728:Science
1540:Bibcode
1487:Bibcode
1479:Science
1386:Bibcode
1333:Bibcode
961:Gallery
906:3-sigma
897:(km/s)
895:wrt Sun
890:(km/s)
708:
659:in the
552:
497:Chandra
431:Jupiter
371:) is a
334:density
261:179.54°
235:10.474°
135:1983 XI
129:1978 II
96:1867 II
4200:LONEOS
4173:LINEAR
4141:Lemmon
4069:Elenin
4037:Brooks
4027:Bowell
4002:Austin
3381:comets
3366:(2014)
3360:(2010)
3354:(2007)
3342:(2004)
3336:(2001)
3330:(1992)
3324:(1986)
3318:(1985)
3046:(176P)
3040:(174P)
3019:(133P)
3013:(107P)
2340:comets
2133:Latest
2081:LINEAR
2029:Kreutz
1880:Comets
1764:
1756:
1607:. NASA
1532:Icarus
1505:
1325:Icarus
902:region
762:
757:·
755:
750:
748:
743:·
741:
736:
734:
729:·
727:
722:
720:
715:·
713:
706:
700:'s
661:ejecta
620:crater
579:
577:
570:
568:
562:
550:
544:'s
516:albedo
284:Earth
249:68.64°
215:0.5097
180:4.757
144:1987e1
141:1989 I
123:1972 V
102:1873 I
4473:]
4451:]
4365:Ryves
4276:Mrkos
4244:Lulin
4089:Ikeya
3643:]
3601:]
3007:(95P)
2350:(all)
1948:Types
1908:Tails
1800:-NExT
1762:S2CID
1654:'
1528:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1201:(PDF)
944:29.92
883:(AU)
841:Ceres
759:
745:
738:Earth
731:
717:
572:Earth
453:'
439:Earth
339:0.62
332:Mean
166:Epoch
150:1993c
138:1982j
132:1977i
126:1972a
111:1879b
105:1873a
4456:West
4422:SWAN
4402:SOHO
4281:NEAT
4168:Levy
4116:ISON
3100:Lost
2975:362P
2325:more
1966:Lost
1903:Coma
1839:Next
1754:PMID
1631:NASA
1613:2011
1503:PMID
1182:* a
1067:2023
994:and
941:6.58
860:Mars
850:Mars
832:and
679:and
651:and
618:The
607:NASA
311:Mass
286:MOID
4488:ZTF
2262:271
1744:doi
1732:310
1579:JPL
1548:doi
1536:190
1495:doi
1483:313
1394:doi
1382:625
1341:doi
1329:190
1025:MPC
814:icy
657:ice
647:),
603:UTC
384:Sun
323:10
315:7.2
4535::
4471:de
4449:de
3641:de
3599:de
1760:.
1752:.
1742:.
1730:.
1726:.
1695:.
1662:.
1658:.
1639:^
1629:.
1577:.
1573:.
1546:.
1534:.
1530:.
1515:^
1501:.
1493:.
1481:.
1477:.
1446:.
1442:.
1430:^
1414:.
1392:.
1380:.
1339:.
1327:.
1314:^
1298:.
1273:.
1248:.
1224:.
1144:^
1110:^
1092:.
1075:^
1058:.
1032:^
1012:^
933:LD
929:mi
925:km
921:AU
908:)
878:)
876:AU
639:,
635:,
631:,
345:cm
325:kg
182:AU
3435:)
2327:)
2323:(
2031:)
2027:(
1872:e
1865:t
1858:v
1802:*
1768:.
1746::
1738::
1706:.
1677:.
1615:.
1592:.
1554:.
1550::
1542::
1509:.
1497::
1489::
1461:.
1424:.
1400:.
1396::
1388::
1364:.
1347:.
1343::
1335::
1308:.
1283:.
1258:.
1234:.
1210:.
1168:.
1138:.
1103:.
1069:.
935:)
904:(
874:(
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343:/
341:g
321:Ă—
317:Ă—
20:)
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