112:
283:
Powell's original
Coahuiltecan, renamed Pakawan and extended with Garza and Mamulique, has been defended by Manaster Ramer (1996), who also sees a relationship with Karankawa probable and Atakapa as a more distant possibility. This proposal has been challenged by Campbell, who considers its sound
279:
After these proposals, documentation of the Garza and
Mamulique languages was brought to light, and Goddard (1979) believes that there is sufficient similarity between them and Comecrudan for them to be considered genetically related. He rejects all other relationships.
3279:
3284:
749:
657:(rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). . Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institution). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996).
3141:
1243:
793:
3274:
2766:
598:
National
Anthropological Archives, MS 4279: Correspondences between the Three Dialects of Coahuiltecan: Cotoname, Comecrudo, and Coahuilteco
2656:
2237:
146:. Very little is known about these languages or the people who spoke them. Knowledge of them primarily consists of word lists collected by
1738:
2923:
695:
687:
662:
647:
618:
2899:
2138:
2057:
1993:
1236:
2670:
2421:
1912:
556:
Berlandier, Jean L.; & Chowell, Rafael (1828–1829). . (Additional manuscripts, no. 38720, in the
British Library, London.)
2783:
1918:
642:. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
3264:
3136:
1743:
1529:
1523:
1447:
786:
2830:
2118:
3146:
3131:
2131:
1889:
1850:
284:
correspondences unsupported and considers that some of the observed similarities between words may be due to borrowing.
2905:
1763:
3126:
3120:
2178:
2096:
2069:
1773:
2692:
2150:
1808:
1768:
1758:
631:
Goddard, Ives. (1979). The languages of south Texas and the lower Rio Grande. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.)
3269:
2353:
1948:
1778:
1464:
1229:
918:
902:
2911:
2887:
2862:
2835:
2818:
1726:
1297:
3104:
1828:
1783:
1753:
1252:
826:
744:
2583:
2415:
1470:
1286:
3151:
2958:
2595:
1477:
1165:
1104:
779:
229:
2156:
2081:
1484:
1434:
1124:
3170:
3018:
2813:
2808:
2589:
2542:
2172:
2089:
1748:
1732:
1540:
1441:
1304:
1280:
913:
908:
241:
147:
72:
1506:
3216:
3114:
2803:
2606:
2396:
2385:
2347:
1954:
1928:
1833:
1823:
1422:
1273:
1118:
1021:
891:
886:
851:
297:
2917:
2642:
726:
Swanton, John R. (1915). Linguistic position of the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.
3191:
3076:
2948:
2756:
2729:
2712:
2680:
2578:
2217:
2144:
1923:
1900:
1872:
1803:
1714:
1495:
1112:
1065:
293:
237:
2968:
2872:
2772:
2761:
2723:
2702:
2600:
2559:
2334:
2316:
2310:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2184:
2167:
1906:
1572:
1559:
1453:
1403:
1260:
1154:
937:
723:(Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1–3, 16, 18–20 not yet published).
296:
constitutes the complete evidence given by
Goddard (1979: 380) in support of a Comecrudan family.
2882:
2877:
2867:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2824:
2793:
2788:
2741:
2735:
2686:
2631:
2554:
2438:
2402:
2363:
2305:
2112:
2107:
1818:
1577:
1546:
1512:
1500:
1459:
1334:
1141:
1093:
1079:
1034:
833:
539:
500:
301:
251:
225:
201:
176:
2979:
2942:
2984:
2973:
2953:
2893:
2798:
2778:
2717:
2697:
2408:
2369:
2340:
2328:
2265:
2211:
2189:
2162:
2102:
2075:
1894:
1855:
1845:
1813:
1686:
1612:
1594:
1588:
1490:
1408:
1322:
1291:
1072:
1056:
1027:
990:
969:
867:
860:
819:
810:
759:
691:
683:
658:
643:
614:
531:
492:
263:
233:
3201:
3061:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2963:
2856:
2751:
2675:
2613:
2565:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2461:
2445:
2380:
2375:
2358:
2299:
2193:
2125:
2036:
2003:
1981:
1971:
1867:
1839:
1788:
1709:
1693:
1679:
1661:
1654:
1640:
1600:
1582:
1566:
1552:
1374:
1357:
1179:
1148:
1042:
1000:
959:
896:
878:
259:
255:
154:
143:
41:
3196:
3071:
3056:
3025:
2746:
2707:
2572:
2518:
2390:
2252:
2018:
2013:
1878:
1793:
1674:
1667:
1647:
1629:
1534:
1517:
1316:
1016:
995:
943:
928:
840:
802:
273:
247:
66:
61:
754:
116:
Pre-contact distribution of
Comecrudan languages. (Distribution continues to the south.)
3206:
3066:
3035:
3006:
2637:
2523:
2506:
2456:
2451:
2322:
2259:
2029:
2023:
1943:
1938:
1884:
1861:
1606:
1428:
1385:
1368:
1362:
1340:
1328:
1212:
1190:
1173:
1086:
974:
565:
Berlandier, Jean L.; & Chowell, Rafael (1850). Luis
Berlandier and Rafael Chovell.
305:
272:(1920) accepted Swanton's proposal and grouped this hypothetical Coahuiltecan into his
191:
102:
3258:
3090:
3030:
3012:
2528:
2512:
2466:
2223:
2043:
2008:
1998:
1976:
1933:
1798:
1379:
1311:
1196:
1185:
964:
1987:
1159:
766:
269:
150:
126:
refers to a group of possibly related languages spoken in the southernmost part of
111:
1634:
588:
National
Anthropological Archives, MS 297: Comecrudo and Cotoname Vocabularies
135:
53:
535:
496:
1221:
96:
17:
597:
593:
592:
543:
519:
504:
480:
668:
611:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America
587:
78:
626:
The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment
3211:
3109:
131:
771:
127:
3230:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
1225:
775:
705:. Mexico City: Pan American Institute of Geography and History.
250:(1915) grouped together the Comecrudo, Cotoname, Coahuilteco,
708:
Sapir, Edward. (1920). The Hokan and Coahuiltecan languages.
655:
Native languages and language families of North America
624:
Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979).
3280:
Indigenous languages of the Southwestern United States
750:
Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
635:(pp. 355–389). Austin: University of Texas Press.
3285:
Indigenous languages of the North American Southwest
300:'s manuscripts contain the only existing records of
210:
195:
185:
3184:
3161:
3089:
2933:
2655:
2623:
2541:
2430:
2236:
2203:
2056:
1964:
1708:
1622:
1399:
1350:
1259:
1133:
1103:
1055:
1009:
983:
952:
927:
877:
850:
809:
95:
60:
47:
37:
32:
719:Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present).
1237:
787:
710:International Journal of American Linguistics
8:
3240:Families with more than 30 languages are in
153:and explorers. All Comecrudan languages are
142:is the best known. These were spoken by the
567:Diario de viage de la Commission de Limites
27:Extinct language family of Texas and Mexico
3097:
2663:
2547:
2244:
2062:
1719:
1414:
1265:
1244:
1230:
1222:
949:
794:
780:
772:
232:, Comecrudo was grouped together with the
682:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
310:
266:languages into a Coahuiltecan grouping.
481:"Sapir's Classifications: Coahuiltecan"
471:
29:
680:The languages of Native North America
613:. New York: Oxford University Press.
206:
181:
7:
628:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
721:Handbook of North American Indians
25:
110:
633:The languages of native America
479:Ramer, Alexis Manaster (1996).
240:languages into a family called
3275:Indigenous languages of Mexico
292:The following table of common
1:
638:Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996).
520:"Coahuiltecan: A Closer Look"
701:Saldivar, Gabriel. (1943).
670:Anthropological Linguistics
524:Anthropological Linguistics
485:Anthropological Linguistics
3301:
678:Mithun, Marianne. (1999).
228:'s 1891 classification of
165:The three languages were:
3225:
3100:
2666:
2550:
2247:
2065:
1722:
1417:
1268:
1253:Primary language families
1206:
745:Native American languages
109:
62:Linguistic classification
2070:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
703:Los Indios de Tamaulipas
609:Campbell, Lyle. (1997).
230:North American languages
3237:have no living members.
1125:Highland Oaxaca Chontal
728:American Anthropologist
653:Goddard, Ives. (1999).
518:Campbell, Lyle (1996).
3217:Unclassified languages
3171:list of sign languages
2139:Northeastern Tasmanian
755:Atanaguaypacam Indians
209:Carrizo de Mamulique)
3192:Constructed languages
220:Genetic relationships
3265:Comecrudan languages
1739:Binanderean–Goilalan
604:Secondary literature
3021:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
2924:Tequiraca–Canichana
2767:Harákmbut–Katukinan
1530:Northwest Caucasian
1524:Northeast Caucasian
1448:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
184:Mulato or Carrizo)
2643:Tarascan/Purépecha
2132:Northern Tasmanian
1890:South Bougainville
1851:North Bougainville
226:John Wesley Powell
3270:Language families
3252:
3251:
3202:Language isolates
3180:
3179:
3085:
3084:
2651:
2650:
2537:
2536:
2232:
2231:
2179:Western Tasmanian
2097:Eastern Tasmanian
2052:
2051:
1774:East Geelvink Bay
1704:
1703:
1395:
1394:
1219:
1218:
1213:extinct languages
1051:
1050:
1037:
1035:Havasupai dialect
1030:
919:Southeastern Pomo
903:Northeastern Pomo
760:Handbook of Texas
463:
462:
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
3292:
3098:
3052:Huaorani/Waorani
2936:(extant in 2000)
2900:Esmeralda–Yaruro
2671:Andoque–Urequena
2664:
2548:
2354:Plateau Penutian
2245:
2220:(Northern Daly?)
2063:
1949:Northwest Papuan
1913:Trans–New Guinea
1779:East New Britain
1754:Central Solomons
1720:
1465:Great Andamanese
1415:
1266:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1033:
1028:Hualapai dialect
1026:
953:Delta–California
950:
827:New River Shasta
796:
789:
782:
773:
570:
563:
557:
554:
548:
547:
515:
509:
508:
476:
311:
212:
208:
197:
187:
183:
144:Comecrudo people
130:and in northern
114:
105:
42:Comecrudo people
30:
21:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3221:
3207:Mixed languages
3176:
3157:
3092:
3081:
2935:
2929:
2784:Katembri–Taruma
2658:
2647:
2619:
2533:
2426:
2239:
2228:
2199:
2048:
1960:
1919:Turama–Kikorian
1829:Lower Mamberamo
1784:East Strickland
1712:
1700:
1618:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1346:
1255:
1250:
1220:
1215:
1202:
1166:Western Jicaque
1129:
1099:
1047:
1005:
979:
948:
923:
873:
846:
805:
803:Hokan languages
800:
741:
606:
584:
579:
574:
573:
564:
560:
555:
551:
517:
516:
512:
478:
477:
473:
468:
294:core vocabulary
290:
248:John R. Swanton
222:
217:
163:
161:Family division
117:
101:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:Indo-Pakistani
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Piaroa–Saliban
2828:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2596:Tequistlatecan
2593:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2119:Marrku–Wurrugu
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1478:Hurro-Urartian
1474:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:Tequistlatecan
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
947:
946:
941:
933:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
899:
894:
889:
883:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
864:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
823:
815:
813:
807:
806:
801:
799:
798:
791:
784:
776:
770:
769:
764:
752:
747:
740:
737:
736:
735:
724:
717:
706:
699:
676:
666:
651:
636:
629:
622:
605:
602:
601:
600:
595:
590:
583:
580:
578:
575:
572:
571:
558:
549:
530:(4): 620–634.
510:
470:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
457:
454:
449:
443:
442:
439:
434:
429:
423:
422:
419:
414:
409:
403:
402:
399:
394:
389:
383:
382:
379:
376:
371:
365:
364:
361:
356:
351:
345:
344:
341:
336:
331:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
289:
286:
221:
218:
216:
215:
214:
213:
198:
188:
167:
162:
159:
119:
118:
115:
107:
106:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
64:
58:
57:
51:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Original Thai
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:Hibito–Cholón
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2422:Yuman–CochimĂ
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:Southern Daly
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:Darwin Region
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Demta–Sentani
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1485:Indo-European
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1435:Austroasiatic
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
939:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
917:
915:
914:Southern Pomo
912:
910:
909:Northern Pomo
907:
905:
904:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
880:
876:
870:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:
824:
822:
821:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
804:
797:
792:
790:
785:
783:
778:
777:
774:
768:
765:
763:
761:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
722:
718:
716:(4), 280–290.
715:
711:
707:
704:
700:
697:
696:0-521-29875-X
693:
689:
688:0-521-23228-7
685:
681:
677:
674:
671:
667:
664:
663:0-8032-9271-6
660:
656:
652:
649:
648:0-16-048774-9
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:0-19-509427-1
616:
612:
608:
607:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
576:
568:
562:
559:
553:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
472:
465:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
316:
313:
312:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
219:
204:
203:
199:
194:
193:
189:
179:
178:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
166:
160:
158:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
113:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
74:
71:
70:
68:
65:
63:
59:
55:
52:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3241:
3234:
3233:Families in
3168:
3119:
3017:
3005:
2855:
2823:
2814:Pano-Tacanan
2771:
2734:
2722:
2693:Arutani–Sape
2685:
2630:
2612:
2605:
2590:Oto-Manguean
2588:
2571:
2564:
2511:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2444:
2437:
2414:
2407:
2395:
2368:
2346:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2258:
2251:
2210:
2177:
2173:Western Daly
2151:Pama–Nyungan
2149:
2137:
2130:
2117:
2095:
2090:Eastern Daly
2088:
2080:
2035:
1911:
1899:
1877:
1860:
1838:
1809:Kaure–Kosare
1769:Doso–Turumsa
1759:Chimbu–Wahgi
1749:Bulaka River
1733:Austronesian
1731:
1692:
1685:
1666:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1541:Sino-Tibetan
1539:
1522:
1505:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1452:
1442:Austronesian
1440:
1433:
1421:
1367:
1305:Nilo-Saharan
1303:
1296:
1281:Austronesian
1279:
1272:
1208:
1195:
1178:
1164:
1147:
1140:
1119:Tequistlatec
1117:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1022:Upland Yuman
936:
901:
892:Eastern Pomo
887:Central Pomo
866:
859:
839:
832:
825:
818:
767:Coahuiltecan
758:
731:
727:
720:
713:
709:
702:
679:
672:
669:
654:
639:
632:
625:
610:
577:Bibliography
566:
561:
552:
527:
523:
513:
488:
484:
474:
451:
446:
436:
431:
426:
416:
411:
406:
396:
391:
386:
373:
368:
358:
353:
348:
338:
333:
328:
291:
282:
278:
270:Edward Sapir
268:
246:
242:Coahuiltecan
223:
200:
190:
175:
170:
164:
151:missionaries
139:
123:
122:
83:
73:Coahuiltecan
50:distribution
3127:Germanosign
3031:Mura-PirahĂŁ
2912:Lule–Vilela
2888:Bora-Witoto
2863:Uru–Chipaya
2836:Ticuna–Yuri
2819:Peba–Yaguan
2804:Nambikwaran
2607:Uto-Aztecan
2543:Mesoamerica
2397:Uto-Aztecan
2386:Tsimshianic
2348:Palaihnihan
2218:Malak-Malak
1955:Papuan Gulf
1929:West Papuan
1834:Lower Sepik
1824:Lakes Plain
1727:Arai–Samaia
1715:the Pacific
1423:Afroasiatic
1298:Niger–Congo
1274:Afroasiatic
1113:Huamelultec
1066:Coahuilteco
852:Palaihnihan
491:(1): 1–38.
238:Coahuilteco
3259:Categories
3121:Francosign
2969:Chiquitano
2949:Alacalufan
2757:Guaicuruan
2730:Chapacuran
2713:Cahuapanan
2681:Araucanian
2584:Mixe–Zoque
2579:Misumalpan
2293:Comecrudan
2145:Nyulnyulan
1924:Upper Yuat
1901:Torricelli
1873:Senu River
1804:Foja Range
1710:New Guinea
1635:Burushaski
1496:Kartvelian
1471:Hmong–Mien
1287:Khoe–Kwadi
466:References
298:Berlandier
171:Comecrudan
136:Rio Grande
134:along the
124:Comecrudan
84:Comecrudan
54:Rio Grande
48:Geographic
33:Comecrudan
3152:Tanzanian
3093:languages
2990:HodĂŻ/Joti
2934:Isolates
2873:Yanomaman
2809:Otomákoan
2773:Jirajaran
2762:Guajiboan
2724:Catacaoan
2703:Barbacoan
2632:Cuitlatec
2601:Totonacan
2560:Jicaquean
2439:Chimariko
2335:Muskogean
2317:Kalapuyan
2311:Iroquoian
2286:Chumashan
2279:Chinookan
2272:Chimakuan
2190:Yangmanic
2185:Worrorran
2168:Wagaydyic
2058:Australia
1907:Trans-Fly
1573:Yeniseian
1560:Tyrsenian
1454:Dravidian
1211:indicate
1197:Yana/Yahi
1155:Jicaquean
1142:Chimariko
1094:Mamulique
1080:Comecrudo
834:Okwanuchu
757:from the
640:Languages
569:. Mexico.
536:0003-5483
497:0003-5483
320:Mamulique
314:Comecrudo
302:Mamulique
252:Karankawa
202:Mamulique
177:Comecrudo
140:Comecrudo
138:of which
97:Glottolog
38:Ethnicity
18:Comecrudo
3185:See also
3162:Isolates
3137:Japanese
3077:Yuracaré
2959:Candoshi
2918:Macro-JĂŞ
2883:Zaparoan
2878:Zamucoan
2868:Witotoan
2851:Tucanoan
2846:Tiniguan
2841:Timotean
2825:Quechuan
2794:Matacoan
2789:Mascoian
2779:Jivaroan
2742:Chibchan
2736:Charruan
2687:Arawakan
2624:Isolates
2555:Chibchan
2431:Isolates
2403:Wakashan
2364:Salishan
2306:Eskaleut
2212:Giimbiyu
2204:Isolates
2113:Jarrakan
2108:Iwaidjan
1965:Isolates
1819:Kutubuan
1687:Sumerian
1623:Isolates
1578:Yukaghir
1547:Tungusic
1513:Mongolic
1501:Koreanic
1460:Eskaleut
1351:Isolates
1335:Ubangian
1073:Cotoname
991:Maricopa
970:Kumeyaay
868:Atsugewi
861:Achumawi
820:Konomihu
739:See also
734:, 17–40.
582:Archives
544:30013048
505:30028442
441:'water'
427:apanekla
421:'woman'
323:meaning
288:Evidence
264:Maratino
234:Cotoname
148:European
103:come1251
3235:italics
3212:Pidgins
3197:Creoles
3147:Swedish
3115:Chinese
3062:Urarina
3047:Puinave
3001:Itonama
2995:Irantxe
2964:Chimane
2894:Chimuan
2799:Nadahup
2718:Cariban
2698:Aymaran
2659:America
2501:Waikuri
2494:Tonkawa
2487:Timucua
2480:Takelma
2473:Siuslaw
2462:Kutenai
2446:Esselen
2409:Wintuan
2370:Shastan
2341:Na-Dene
2329:Maiduan
2266:Caddoan
2240:America
2194:Wagiman
2192:(incl.
2163:Tangkic
2103:Garawan
2076:Bunuban
2037:Tambora
2004:Maybrat
1972:Abinomn
1895:Teberan
1856:Pauwasi
1846:Mairasi
1814:Kiwaian
1694:Tambora
1680:Shompen
1662:Kusunda
1655:Kenaboi
1641:Elamite
1613:Siangic
1595:Kho-Bwa
1589:Hrusish
1507:Kra–Dai
1491:Japonic
1400:Eurasia
1375:Sandawe
1358:Bangime
1323:Songhay
1209:Italics
1180:Salinan
1149:Esselen
1057:Pakawan
1043:Yavapai
1001:Quechan
960:Cocopah
938:CochimĂ
897:Kashaya
811:Shastan
690:(hbk);
675:, 1–38.
459:'road'
437:aha (?)
363:'moon'
276:stock.
260:Atakapa
256:Tonkawa
155:extinct
79:Pakawan
75: ?
69: ?
3110:BANZSL
3072:Yamana
3057:Trumai
3026:Movima
2980:FulniĂ´
2943:AikanĂŁ
2857:Tupian
2752:Chonan
2676:Arauan
2614:Xincan
2566:Lencan
2519:Yokuts
2416:Yukian
2381:Tanoan
2376:Siouan
2359:Pomoan
2300:Coosan
2126:Mirndi
2019:Porome
2014:Pawaia
1868:Senagi
1840:Madang
1789:Eleman
1744:Border
1675:Nihali
1668:Minoan
1648:Hattic
1630:Basque
1601:Mijiic
1583:Digaro
1567:Uralic
1553:Turkic
1404:Europe
1261:Africa
1017:Paipai
996:Mojave
944:Kiliwa
879:Pomoan
841:Shasta
762:Online
694:
686:
661:
646:
617:
542:
534:
503:
495:
401:'man'
397:kessem
392:knarxe
381:'sky'
374:apiero
343:'sun'
262:, and
207:a.k.a.
182:a.k.a.
132:Mexico
56:Valley
3067:Warao
3036:Nukak
3007:Kunza
2985:GuatĂł
2974:Cofán
2954:Camsá
2747:Choco
2708:Boran
2657:South
2638:Huave
2573:Mayan
2524:Yuchi
2507:Washo
2457:Karuk
2452:Haida
2391:Utian
2323:Keres
2260:Alsea
2253:Algic
2238:North
2030:Taiap
2024:Sulka
1879:Sepik
1794:Engan
1535:Ongan
1518:Nivkh
1386:Shabo
1369:Jalaa
1363:Hadza
1317:Mande
1191:Washo
1174:Karuk
1134:Other
1087:Garza
984:River
975:Tipai
929:Yuman
540:JSTOR
501:JSTOR
349:eskan
317:Garza
306:Garza
274:Hokan
192:Garza
128:Texas
67:Hokan
3242:bold
3169:See
3105:Arab
3091:Sign
3042:Páez
3019:Maku
3013:Leco
2529:Zuni
2513:Yana
2467:Seri
2224:Tiwi
2044:Wiru
2009:Mpur
1999:Kuot
1982:AnĂŞm
1977:Abun
1944:Yuat
1939:Yawa
1885:Skou
1862:Ramu
1713:and
1607:Miju
1429:Ainu
1409:Asia
1407:and
1380:Laal
1341:Kadu
1329:Ijaw
1292:Kx'a
1186:Seri
965:Ipai
692:ISBN
684:ISBN
673:38/1
659:ISBN
644:ISBN
615:ISBN
532:ISSN
493:ISSN
447:aaul
369:apel
304:and
236:and
1994:Kol
1988:Ata
1934:Yam
1799:Fas
1312:Tuu
1160:Tol
1010:Pai
452:aie
432:axe
417:kem
412:kem
407:kem
359:kan
339:atl
224:In
3261::
2196:)?
732:17
730:,
712:,
538:.
528:38
526:.
522:.
499:.
489:38
487:.
483:.
387:na
354:an
334:ai
329:al
308:.
258:,
254:,
244:.
157:.
3244:.
3154:?
3038:?
2997:?
2976:?
2945:?
2926:?
2920:?
2914:?
2908:?
2902:?
2896:?
2890:?
2159:?
2122:?
2085:?
2072:?
2039:?
2032:?
2026:?
1990:?
1984:?
1957:?
1951:?
1696:?
1682:?
1670:?
1657:?
1615:?
1609:?
1603:?
1597:?
1591:?
1585:?
1411:)
1402:(
1388:?
1382:?
1343:?
1337:?
1331:?
1325:?
1319:?
1308:?
1245:e
1238:t
1231:v
795:e
788:t
781:v
714:1
698:.
665:.
650:.
621:.
546:.
507:.
456:–
378:–
211:â€
205:(
196:â€
186:â€
180:(
20:)
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