3721:
729:
990:
151:
394:
47:
1156:
784:"block." While NOR flash has higher endurance, ranging from 10,000 to 1,000,000, they have not been adapted for memory card usage. Most mass storage usage flash are NAND based. As of 2015 NAND flash were being scaled down to 16 nm. They are usually rated for 500 to 3,000 write/erase cycles per block before hard failure. This is less reliable than magnetic media.
1133:), other miniature hard drives, and adapters, such as a popular adapter that takes Secure Digital cards. A few flash-based Type II devices were manufactured, but Type I cards are now available in capacities that exceed CF HDDs. Manufacturers of CompactFlash cards such as Sandisk, Toshiba, Alcotek and Hynix offer devices with Type I slots only. Some of the latest
2880:
457:
1099:
cards, thus having no reason to change. A strong incentive to change to CFast for embedded electronics companies using designs based on Intel PC architecture is the fact that Intel has removed native support for the (P)ATA interface a few design platforms ago and the older CPU/PCH generations now have end-of-life status.
1290:
1179:
As mechanical devices, CF HDDs drew more current than flash memory's 100 mA maximum. Early versions drew up to 500 mA, but more recent ones drew under 200 mA for reads and under 300 mA for writes. CF HDDs were also susceptible to damage from physical shock or temperature changes. However, CF HDDs had
635:
For reads, the onboard controller first powers up the memory chips from standby. Reads are usually in parallel, error correction is done on the data, then transferred through the interface 16 bits at a time. Error checking is required due to soft read errors. Writes require powerup from standby, wear
909:
When
CompactFlash was first being standardized, even full-sized hard disks were rarely larger than 4 GB in size, and so the limitations of the ATA standard were considered acceptable. However, CF cards manufactured after the original Revision 1.0 specification are available in capacities up to
1050:
Seeking higher performance and still keeping a compact storage format, some of the earliest adoptors of CFast cards were in the gaming industry (used in slot machines), as a natural evolution from the by then well-established CF cards. Current gaming industry supporters of the format include both
1098:
As of 2017, in the wider embedded electronics industry, transition from CF to CFast is still relatively slow, probably due to hardware cost considerations and some inertia (familiarity with CF) and because a significant part of the industry is satisfied with the lower performance provided by CF
869:
writes the same photo to a FAT16-formatted 2 GB CompactFlash card somewhat faster than to a same speed 4 GB FAT32-formatted
CompactFlash card, although the memory chips in both cards have the same write speed specification. Although FAT16 is more wasteful of disk space with its larger
475:
connector. "It can be easily slipped into a passive 68-pin PCMCIA Type II to CF Type I adapter that fully meets PCMCIA electrical and mechanical interface specifications", according to compactflash.org. The interface operates, depending on the state of a mode pin on power-up, as either a 16-bit
401:
There are two main subdivisions of CF cards, 3.3 mm-thick type I and 5 mm-thick type II (CF2). The type II slot is used by miniature hard drives and some other devices, such as the
Hasselblad CFV Digital Back for the Hasselblad series of medium format cameras. There are four main card
1125:
The only physical difference between the two types is that Type I devices are 3.3 mm thick while Type II devices are 5 mm thick. Electrically, the two interfaces are the same except that Type I devices are permitted to draw up to 70 mA supply current from the interface, while type II
658:") typically spin at 3600 RPM, so rotational latency is a consideration, as is spin-up from standby or idle. Seagate's 8 GB ST68022CF drive spins up fully within a few revolutions but current drawn can reach up to 350 milliamps and runs at 40-50 mA mean current. Its average seek time is 8
783:
Original PC Card memory cards used an internal battery to maintain data when power was removed. The rated life of the battery was the only reliability issue. CompactFlash cards that use flash memory, like other flash-memory devices, are rated for a limited number of erase/write cycles for any
803:, wear leveling becomes critical because low-numbered blocks contain tables whose contents change frequently. Current CompactFlash cards spread the wear-leveling across the entire drive. The more advanced CompactFlash cards will move data that rarely changes to ensure all blocks wear evenly.
860:
There are varying levels of compatibility among FAT32-compatible cameras, MP3 players, PDAs, and other devices. While any device that claims FAT32-capability should read and write to a FAT32-formatted card without problems, some devices are tripped up by cards larger than 2 GB that are
417:
technology. CF is among the oldest and most successful formats, and has held a niche in the professional camera market especially well. It has benefited from both a better cost to memory-size ratio and, for much of the format's life, generally greater available capacity than other formats.
2902:
864:
The way many digital cameras update the file system as they write to the card creates a FAT32 bottleneck. Writing to a FAT32-formatted card generally takes a little longer than writing to a FAT16-formatted card with similar performance capabilities. For instance, the
1281:. Off-brand or counterfeit cards may be mislabeled, might not contain the actual amount of memory their controllers report to the host device, and may use types of memory that are not rated for the number of erase/rewrite cycles that the purchaser expects.
1175:
in 2002. Comparable hard disks were also made by other vendors, such as
Seagate and Sony. They were available in capacities of up to 8 GB but have been superseded by flash memory in cost, capacity, and reliability, and are no longer manufactured.
2808:
828:
Small cards consume around 5% of the power required by small disk drives and still have reasonable transfer rates of over 45 MB/s for the more expensive 'high-speed' cards. However, the manufacturer's warning on the flash memory used for
1249:
The initial
CompactFlash specification envisaged a higher maximum capacity than other card formats. For this reason, many early CompactFlash host devices are usable with modern multi-gigabyte memories, where users of other families such as
948:
CompactFlash
Revision 5.0 (2010) added a number of features, including 48-bit addressing (supporting 128 petabyte of storage), larger block transfers of up to 32 megabytes, quality-of-service and video performance guarantees, and other
1023:
CFast cards are not physically or electrically compatible with
CompactFlash cards. However, since SATA can emulate the PATA command protocol, existing CompactFlash software drivers can be used, although writing new drivers to use
626:
These are manufacturer speed ratings. Actual transfer rate may be higher, or lower, than shown on the card depending on several factors. The speed rating quoted is almost always the read speed, while write speed is often slower.
514:(CF 5.0 introduced support for LBA-48). CF cards with flash memory are able to cope with extremely rapid changes in temperature. Industrial versions of flash memory cards can operate at a range of −45 °C to +85 °C.
2738:
3720:
645:
A direct motherboard connection is often limited to 33 MB/s because IDE to CF adapters lack high speed ATA (66 MB/s plus) cable support. Power on from sleep/off takes longer than power up from standby.
524:-based systems, and CompactFlash is therefore the physically largest of the three memory card formats introduced in the early 1990s, being derived from the JEIDA/PCMCIA Memory Card formats. The other two are
636:
leveling calculation, a block erase of the area to be written to, ECC calculation, write itself (an individual memory cell read takes around 100 ns, a write to the chip takes 1ms+ or 10,000 times longer).
319:
offered stiff competition. Most of these cards are smaller than
CompactFlash while offering comparable capacity and speed. Proprietary memory card formats for use in professional audio and video, such as
2412:
421:
CF cards can be used directly in a PC Card slot with a plug adapter, used as an ATA (IDE) or PCMCIA storage device with a passive adapter or with a reader, or attached to other types of ports such as
1039:
2009, Pretec showed a 32 GB CFast card and announced that they should reach the market within a few months. Delock began distributing CFast cards in 2010, offering several card readers with
792:(EWF) to eliminate unnecessary writes to flash memory. Additionally, when formatting a flash-memory drive, the Quick Format method should be used, to write as little as possible to the device.
3165:
448:
The first
CompactFlash cards had capacities of 2 to 10 megabytes. This increased to 64 MB in 1996, 128 MB in 1998, 256 MB in 1999, 512 MB in 2001, and 1 GB in 2002.
610:
365:
In
November 2010, SanDisk, Sony and Nikon presented a next generation card format to the CompactFlash Association. The new format has a similar form factor to CF/CFast but is based on the
1246:
and other card formats. The absence of such features contributes to the openness of the standard, as card standards with such features may be subject to restrictive licensing agreements.
939:
66), 25 MB/s in PC Card mode, added password protection, along with a number of other features. CFA recommends usage of the FAT32 filesystem for storage cards larger than 2 GB.
3000:
3142:
381:, the new format is aimed at high-definition camcorders and high-resolution digital cameras, but the new cards are not backward compatible with either CompactFlash or CFast. The
3597:
893:
and various small form-factor PCs that are built for low noise output or power consumption. CompactFlash cards are often more readily available and smaller than purpose-built
3422:
853:(for media larger than 2 GB). This lets the devices be read by personal computers but also suits the limited processing ability of some consumer devices such as
1304:, the CompactFlash form factor is also used for a variety of Input/Output and interface devices. Many standard PC cards have CF counterparts, some examples include:
820:
The possibility for electrical damage from upside-down insertion is prevented by asymmetrical side slots, assuming that the host device uses a suitable connector.
1264:
CompactFlash is physically larger than other card formats. This limits its use, especially in miniature consumer devices where internal space is limited, such as
1117:. In April 2017, the version 1.0 of the CFexpress specification was published, with support for two PCIe 3.0 lanes in an XQD form-factor for up to 2 GB/s.
3391:
662:
and can sustain 9 MB/s read and write, and has an interface speed of 33 MB/s. Hitachi's 4 GB Microdrive is 12 ms seek, sustained 6 MB/s.
889:. It can be divided into partitions as long as the host device can read them. CompactFlash cards are often used instead of hard drives in embedded systems,
3864:
2648:
3540:
1032:, and a female 17-pin power connector, so an adaptor is required to connect CFast cards in place of standard SATA hard drives which use male connectors.
2783:
771:
CF cards may perform the function of the master or slave drive on the IDE bus, but have issues sharing the bus. Moreover, late-model cards that provide
1095:
As of October 2016, there are a growing number of cameras, video recorders, and audio recorders that use the faster data rates offered by CFast media.
1220:
above.) Separately, CompactFlash cards are thicker than other card formats, which may render them less susceptible to breakage from harsh treatment.
3176:
2399:"Canon Announces the EOS R5 C 8K RAW Digital Cinema Camera, Capable of Both Cinema-quality Video and High-speed, High-quality Still Image Capture"
795:
Most CompactFlash flash-memory devices limit wear on blocks by varying the physical location to which a block is written. This process is called
2752:
3682:
567:
and indicates the maximum transfer rate in the form of a multiplier based on the original audio CD data transfer rate, which is 150 kB/s.
429:. As some newer card types are smaller, they can be used directly in a CF card slot with an adapter. Formats that can be used this way include
3120:
3007:
942:
CF+ and CompactFlash Revision 4.0 (2006) added support for IDE Ultra DMA Mode 6 for a maximum data transfer rate of 133 MB/s (UDMA 133).
639:
Because the USB 2.0 interface is limited to 35 MB/s and lacks bus mastering hardware, USB 2.0 implementation results in slower access.
3098:
3510:
3150:
2924:
3261:
2482:
3640:
3615:
3571:
3229:
2426:
928:
CF+ and CompactFlash Revision 2.0 (2003) added an increase in speed to 16.6 MB/s data-transfer (PIO mode 4). At the end of 2003,
3601:
3655:
3051:
745:
130:
2346:
623:= speed rating. For example, 133x rating means transfer rate of: 133 × 150 kB/s = 19,950 kB/s ≈ 20 MB/s.
3193:
2452:
2536:
1268:
digital cameras. (An offsetting benefit of larger size is that the card is easier to insert and remove, and harder to misplace.)
1216:
CompactFlash cards that use flash memory are more rugged than some hard drive solutions because they are solid-state. (See also
402:
speeds: original CF, CF High Speed (using CF+/CF2.0), faster CF 3.0 standard and the faster CF 4.0 standard adopted as of 2007.
3454:
810:(ECC) that detects the error and re-reads the block. The process is transparent to the user, although it may slow data access.
2708:
1223:
As CompactFlash cards support the IDE/ATA command protocol with the host device, a passive adapter lets them function as the
495:
491:
68:
487:
Unlike the PC Card interface, no dedicated programming voltages (Vpp1 and Vpp2) are provided on the CompactFlash interface.
3429:
2518:
1092:
video camera, which also makes use of CFast cards. Blackmagic Design also announced that its URSA Mini will use CFast 2.0.
111:
2950:
64:
83:
3854:
2550:
2321:
1376:
1167:—about 25 mm (1 inch) wide—in a CompactFlash Type II package. The first was developed and released in 1999 by
3031:
The comparison is not in the same terms as for magnetic media, for which hours of operation and reads also impose wear.
2855:
2589:
3373:
90:
3710:
3675:
2271:
1258:
807:
573:
3398:
2678:
1009:/IDE (PATA) bus for which all previous versions of CompactFlash are designed. CFast is also known as CompactFast.
57:
1239:
1036:
642:
Modern UDMA-7 CompactFlash Cards provide data rates up to 145 MB/s and require USB 3.0 data transfer rates.
2398:
563:(ATA) emulation speed is usually specified in "x" ratings, e.g. 8x, 20x, 133x. This is the same system used for
288:
used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by
3859:
2829:
2656:
1028:
instead of PATA emulation will almost always result in significant performance gains. CFast cards use a female
952:
CompactFlash Revision 6.0 (November 2010) added UltraDMA Mode 7 (167 MB/s), ATA-8/ACS-2 sanitize command,
671:
511:
3548:
3073:
97:
2787:
1062:
The CFast 2.0 specification was released in the second quarter of 2012, updating the electrical interface to
3822:
728:
3322:
3062:
EWF is available only in XP Embedded, not the XP Professional, Home, or Media Editions versions of Windows.
1171:, with a capacity of 170 MB. IBM sold its disk drive division, including the Microdrive trademark, to
3874:
1294:
922:
CompactFlash Revision 1.0 (1995), 8.3 MB/s (PIO mode 2), support for up to 128 GB storage space.
775:(using UDMA or MWDMA) may present problems when used through a passive adapter that does not support DMA.
1056:
720:
Seagate announced a 5 GB "1-inch hard drive" in June, 2004, and an 8 GB version in June, 2005.
79:
3668:
3279:
2830:"Samsung Announces First 40-nanometer Device 32 Gb NAND Flash with Revolutionary Charge Trap Technology"
1328:
957:
789:
2483:"CompactFlash Association readies next-gen XQD format, promises write speeds of 125 MB/s and up"
2296:
1257:
CompactFlash lacks the mechanical write protection switch that some other devices have, as seen in a
1113:
In September 2016, the CompactFlash Association announced a new standard based on PCIe 3.0 and NVMe,
929:
874:
772:
507:
3106:
2759:
1070:
Amira digital production camera, allowing frame rates of up to 200 fps; a CFast 2.0 adapter for the
935:
CF+ and CompactFlash Revision 3.0 (2004) added support for up to a 66 MB/s data transfer rate (
490:
CompactFlash IDE mode defines an interface that is smaller than, but electrically identical to, the
3869:
3128:
430:
308:
285:
168:
3377:
3789:
3705:
1052:
682:
548:
321:
3518:
3751:
3047:
1228:
1078:
894:
886:
878:
814:
761:
1012:
CFast 1.0/1.1 supports a higher maximum transfer rate than current CompactFlash cards, using
674:(LBA). Prior to 2006, CF drives using magnetic media offered the highest capacities (up to 8
295:
CompactFlash became one of the most successful of the early memory card formats, surpassing
1200:
953:
709:
304:
3619:
3575:
3236:
945:
CF+ and CompactFlash Revision 4.1 (2007) added support for Power Enhanced CF Storage Cards.
393:
369:
interface instead of Parallel ATA or Serial ATA. With potential read and write speeds of 1
3828:
3484:
3348:
1333:
1308:
1265:
1243:
1224:
989:
800:
544:
438:
434:
316:
150:
104:
35:
2638:
CF+ and CompactFlash Specification Revision 1.4, Section 4 Electrical Interface, Table 4
806:
NAND flash memory is prone to frequent soft read errors. The CompactFlash card includes
3805:
3779:
3756:
2281:
1318:
1278:
1251:
976:
854:
701:
525:
296:
251:
176:
31:
3204:
2460:
2354:
3848:
3645:
2809:"SanDisk Introduces the World's Highest Capacity Card for Professional Photographers"
890:
866:
796:
335:
is taking over. As of 2022, both Canon and Nikon's newest high end cameras, e.g. the
2614:
2507:
3762:
3462:
2716:
1006:
870:
clusters, it works better with the write strategy that flash memory chips require.
753:
481:
414:
410:
351:
340:
336:
312:
282:
2427:"Sandisk, Sony, and Nikon propose 500MBps memory card with more than 2TB capacity"
744:
interface. Several companies make adapters that allow CF cards to be connected to
385:
format was officially announced by the CompactFlash Association in December 2011.
654:
Many 1-inch (25 mm) hard drives (often referred to by the trademarked name "
3746:
3691:
2753:"CompactFlash Association Announces Availability of the New CF5.0 Specification"
2376:
2276:
1381:
1366:
1066:(600 MB/s). As of 2014, the only product employing CFast 2.0 cards was the
659:
366:
182:
46:
2975:
2954:
708:
announced 16, 32 and 64 GB CF cards. Two years later, in September, 2008,
685:(SSDs) have supplanted both kinds of CF drive for large capacity requirements.
678:). Now there are solid-state cards with higher capacities (up to 512 GB).
445:
in a Type II slot, as of 2005. Some multi-card readers use CF for I/O as well.
3811:
3773:
3650:
2286:
1339:
1204:
1192:
1150:
1138:
1089:
1085:
1071:
1063:
1013:
1002:
861:
completely unformatted, while others may take longer to apply a FAT32 format.
830:
655:
536:
529:
461:
442:
359:
300:
2328:
17:
3741:
1391:
1313:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1164:
1114:
1108:
898:
506:
or 5 volts, and can be swapped from system to system. CompactFlash supports
499:
347:
use CFexpress cards for the higher performance required to record 8K video.
344:
332:
2593:
1155:
873:
The cards themselves can be formatted with any type of file system such as
841:
CompactFlash cards for use in consumer devices are typically formatted as
3833:
3283:
3265:
2301:
1356:
1323:
675:
426:
382:
199:
156:
2925:"Submerged camera holds functional memory card two years after accident"
1016:(300 MB/s) interface, while PATA is limited to 167 MB/s using
670:
The CF 5.0 Specification supports capacities up to 128 PiB using 48-bit
3799:
3793:
3784:
2686:
2291:
1385:
1301:
1172:
1040:
740:
In early 2008, the CFA demonstrated CompactFlash cards with a built in
705:
693:
560:
540:
477:
289:
266:
216:
2322:"CompactFlash Specification Allows for the Addressing of up to 137 GB"
3768:
3262:"CFast CompactFlash cards now said to be coming in "18 to 24 months""
3046:, Damien Stolarz, 2005, Farnham:O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA, USA,
1300:
Since CompactFlash interface is electrically identical to the 16-bit
1044:
970:
749:
564:
472:
370:
3598:"eBay.ie Guides - FAKE SanDisk Extreme Compact Flash Cards Exposed"
2564:
456:
397:
A 16-GB CompactFlash card installed in a 2.5" IDE port with adapter
2739:"Seagate - Benut al uw gegevens maximaal | Seagate Nederland"
1397:
1344:
1288:
1154:
988:
850:
846:
842:
727:
455:
406:
392:
358:
was announced. CFast (also known as CompactFast) is based on the
3511:"Lexar Media announces 8GB CompactFlash type II - LetsGoDigital"
2519:"25 Years of CompactFlash: A Look Back at the Pioneering Format"
1371:
1360:
1352:
1289:
1134:
1081:
announced the URSA cinema camera, which records to CFast media.
1067:
1029:
1025:
1017:
936:
915:
882:
765:
757:
741:
733:
503:
464:
374:
3664:
3660:
3635:
2976:"CompactFlash cards and DMA/UDMA support in True IDE (tm) mode"
910:
512 GB. While the current revision 6.0 works in ATA mode,
799:. When using CompactFlash in ATA mode to take the place of the
532:(SSFDC). However, CF did switch to NAND type memory later. The
3817:
1348:
1168:
533:
422:
378:
325:
40:
3297:
2903:"The Leader in Mass Data Storage Solutions | Seagate US"
2881:"The Leader in Mass Data Storage Solutions | Seagate US"
2758:. CompactFlash Association. February 22, 2010. Archived from
2649:"Photofocus - Long-Term Test – UDMA Flash Memory – Lexar Won"
1180:
a longer lifespan of write cycles than early flash memories.
30:"CF2" redirects here. For the 3-inch floppy disk format, see
471:
The CompactFlash interface is a 50-pin subset of the 68-pin
3121:"CFA Announces Availability of the New CF5.0 Specification"
2910:
2888:
1277:
The marketplace for CompactFlash is extensive and includes
849:(for media up to 2 GB, sometimes up to 4 GB) and
764:
with virtually any operating system or BIOS, and even in a
2784:"Lexar® Professional 800x CompactFlash® card | Lexar"
1035:
The first CFast cards reached the market in late 2009. At
932:
33 transfers were added as well, available since mid-2004.
498:
controller and appears to the host device as if it were a
2327:(Press release). CompactFlash Association. Archived from
975:
CE-ATA is a serial MMC-compatible interface based on the
3143:"CF 6.0 Introduces Performance and Feature Enhancements"
3001:"Application Note for NAND Flash Memory (Revision 2.0)"
788:
suggests disabling the Windows swap file and using its
3235:. CompactFlash Association. 2008-04-14. Archived from
3230:"CFast – Evolution of the CompactFlash Interface"
1232:
817:, it is less affected by shock than a spinning disk.
576:
328:, are faster, but physically larger and more costly.
3656:
CompactFlash Connector Schematic and complete Pinout
3728:
3698:
354:interface, but in 2008, a variant of CompactFlash,
258:
247:
239:
222:
208:
188:
175:
164:
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
604:
3646:CompactFlash connector description and pin layout
1129:Most Type II devices are Microdrive devices (see
1047:(power over eSATA) ports to support CFast cards.
704:trade fair, in September, 2006. That same month,
543:, implements the CF Type II interface, but is a
3280:"Pretec release CFast card with SATA interface"
2551:"Liverpool and Manchester Photographic Journal"
2453:"CompactFlash allies rally against dominant SD"
3349:"Blackmagic URSA Mini Pro - Blackmagic Design"
956:and an optional card capability to report the
833:indicates a current draw in excess of 500 mA.
3676:
3039:
3037:
605:{\displaystyle R={K\cdot 150}\ {\text{kB/s}}}
8:
905:CF+ and CompactFlash specification revisions
760:connections, allowing a CF card to act as a
143:
3099:"CompactFlash Performance Database updated"
2951:"Compact Flash and Secure Digital Adapters"
2207:
2169:
2150:
2145:
2126:
2088:
2050:
2019:
1985:
1877:
1789:
1758:
1724:
1609:
1590:
1585:
1566:
1561:
1542:
1537:
1518:
1513:
1494:
3683:
3669:
3661:
3641:Rob Galbraith DPI: CF Performance Database
520:-based flash has lower density than newer
331:CompactFlash's popularity is declining as
149:
2590:"CompactFlash Frequently Asked Questions"
1055:) and OEMs such as Innocore (now part of
925:CompactFlash+ aka CompactFlash I/O (1997)
597:
583:
575:
413:-based flash memory, but has switched to
405:CompactFlash was originally built around
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
2241:
1414:
1242:or cryptographic features found on some
1238:CompactFlash does not have any built in
824:Power consumption and data transfer rate
547:(HDD) as opposed to solid-state memory.
3616:"July 2007 - Counterfeit SanDisk Cards"
2312:
350:Traditional CompactFlash cards use the
3485:"Delkin Devices ship 224MB CF type II"
142:
3374:"Canon XC10 - Professional camcorder"
1254:have had to migrate to SDHC and SDXC.
1141:, have also dropped Type II support.
494:interface. The CF device contains an
7:
3600:. September 27, 2007. Archived from
377:) and storage capabilities beyond 2
69:adding citations to reliable sources
3173:Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
3149:. November 18, 2010. Archived from
3127:. February 22, 2010. Archived from
1285:Other devices in the CF form factor
997:A variant of CompactFlash known as
3865:Solid-state computer storage media
2459:. 14 December 2010. Archived from
1211:Compared to other portable storage
1051:specialist gaming companies (e.g.
1005:(SATA) interface, rather than the
25:
2856:"Pretec - Small size, Big impact"
1207:used a Microdrive to store data.
724:Use in place of a hard disk drive
34:. For the chemical compound, see
3719:
3105:. March 22, 2004. Archived from
2715:. 14 August 2013. Archived from
2685:. 16 August 2013. Archived from
2252:Essential for 16-bit interface.
1217:
1130:
45:
3574:. Rob Galbraith. Archived from
2679:"UDMA-7/UHS-1 Media Card Study"
2251:
2247:Essential for 8-bit interface.
2246:
1980:
1942:
1826:
1698:
1651:
1621:
1163:Microdrive was a brand of tiny
1126:devices may draw up to 500 mA.
480:(0x7FF address limit) or as an
56:needs additional citations for
3765:(MS, MS-PRO, MS-PRO HG, MS-XC)
3260:Donald Melanson (2008-02-25).
2709:"USB 3.0 CF Card Reader Study"
2377:"History of the SanDisk brand"
845:(for media up to 16 MB),
303:. Subsequent formats, such as
254:and other mass storage devices
1:
3541:"Nikon D700 - see Tech Specs"
3423:"CFexpress 1.0 Press Release"
2320:Frank, Bill (March 2, 2003).
885:, or by one of the dedicated
808:error checking and correction
712:announced 100 GB cards.
1377:Sampler (musical instrument)
813:As a flash memory device is
736:adapter with a card inserted
666:Capacities and compatibility
502:. CF devices operate at 3.3
3166:"Are You Ready for CE-ATA?"
3074:"SanDisk Extreme IV review"
2615:"CompactFlash · AllPinouts"
3891:
3802:(PCMCIA, CardBus, CardBay)
3711:Comparison of memory cards
2953:. Addonics. Archived from
2272:Comparison of memory cards
1365:Readers for various other
1259:comparison of memory cards
1148:
1106:
1074:camera was also released.
968:
914:are expected to implement
911:
355:
229:43×36×3.3 mm (Type I)
29:
3717:
2235:
2212:
2038:
1973:
1951:
1939:
1917:
1908:
1886:
1855:
1850:
1831:
1798:
1767:
1733:
1691:
1682:
1660:
1644:
1614:
1485:
1466:
1448:
1430:
1419:
1240:digital rights management
1030:7-pin SATA data connector
716:Magnetic media capacities
696:announced its 16 GB
232:43×36×5 mm (Type II)
148:
3636:CompactFlash Association
3353:www.blackmagicdesign.com
3147:CompactFlash Association
3125:CompactFlash Association
1195:(5 or 6 GB model),
672:logical block addressing
512:logical block addressing
195:2 MB to 512 GB
3823:Universal Flash Storage
3392:"CFA 5.1 Press Release"
1295:network interface cards
3572:"Robgalbraith CF info"
3078:www.photokina-show.com
1297:
1160:
994:
897:and often have faster
737:
689:Solid state capacities
606:
539:format, later made by
468:
398:
3515:www.letsgodigital.org
3164:Heybruck, William F.
3153:on November 21, 2010.
3131:on November 22, 2010.
1292:
1158:
992:
958:operating temperature
790:Enhanced Write Filter
731:
607:
459:
441:in a Type I slot and
396:
3622:on December 8, 2008.
3459:www.compactflash.org
3347:Design, Blackmagic.
2913:on December 7, 2009.
2351:www.compactflash.org
2297:Random-access memory
2262:L = tied Low (to 0V)
993:Pins of a CFast card
574:
437:, Memory Stick Duo,
65:improve this article
3855:American inventions
3651:CompactFlash pinout
3298:"ARRI Group: AMIRA"
2719:on 29 December 2016
2689:on 11 February 2017
2539:. 13 November 2001.
2243:
1416:
1159:IBM 1 GB Microdrive
1057:Advantech Co., Ltd.
551:also made CF HDDs.
286:mass storage device
169:Mass storage device
145:
3808:(SDSC, SDHC, SDXC)
3706:Memory card reader
3323:"ARRI Group: News"
2931:. 17 November 2007
2619:www.allpinouts.org
2463:on 27 January 2012
2433:. 30 November 2010
2258:NC = No Connection
2242:
1415:
1298:
1201:Sony NW-A1000/3000
1161:
1137:cameras, like the
1121:Type I and Type II
1053:Aristocrat Leisure
995:
960:range of the card.
901:than hard drives.
895:solid-state drives
887:flash file systems
738:
683:solid-state drives
602:
484:(PATA) interface.
469:
460:1 GB CF card in a
399:
243:10 grams (typical)
27:Memory card format
3842:
3841:
3551:on 30 August 2010
3521:on 21 August 2016
2891:on March 9, 2012.
2489:. 8 December 2011
2256:
2255:
2240:
2239:
1351:Modem, including
1229:personal computer
1084:On 8 April 2015,
1079:Blackmagic Design
1077:On 7 April 2014,
762:solid-state drive
619:= transfer rate,
600:
596:
452:Technical details
272:
271:
198:CF5.0: up to 128
159:CompactFlash card
144:CompactFlash (CF)
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
3882:
3723:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3624:
3623:
3618:. Archived from
3612:
3606:
3605:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3578:on 10 April 2014
3570:Rob, Galbraith.
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3547:. Archived from
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3517:. Archived from
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3465:on 18 March 2018
3461:. Archived from
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3428:. Archived from
3427:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3397:. Archived from
3396:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3203:. Archived from
3198:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3175:. Archived from
3170:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3013:on June 16, 2011
3012:
3006:. Archived from
3005:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2909:. Archived from
2899:
2893:
2892:
2887:. Archived from
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2786:. Archived from
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2655:. Archived from
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2592:. Archived from
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2357:on 18 March 2018
2353:. Archived from
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2244:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2156:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2094:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2025:
2011:
2002:
1991:
1977:
1971:
1960:
1946:
1937:
1926:
1912:
1906:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1864:
1848:
1837:
1818:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1776:
1762:
1753:
1742:
1728:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1669:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1607:
1596:
1583:
1572:
1559:
1548:
1535:
1524:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1472:
1417:
1244:USB flash drives
1001:is based on the
912:future revisions
732:CompactFlash to
611:
609:
608:
603:
601:
598:
594:
593:
267:PCMCIA / PC Card
262:
212:
153:
146:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3860:Computer memory
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3724:
3715:
3694:
3689:
3632:
3627:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3509:LetsGoDigital.
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3210:on 23 July 2011
3207:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3072:LetsGoDigital.
3071:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2854:Administrator.
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2766:
2765:on Apr 13, 2021
2762:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2706:
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2692:
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2646:
2642:
2637:
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2623:
2621:
2613:
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2608:
2599:
2597:
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2587:
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2573:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2549:
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2534:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
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2397:
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2392:
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2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2165:
2154:
2141:
2130:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2092:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2054:
2040:
2034:
2023:
2009:
2000:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1958:
1944:
1935:
1924:
1910:
1904:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1862:
1846:
1835:
1816:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1774:
1760:
1751:
1740:
1726:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1667:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1581:
1570:
1557:
1546:
1533:
1522:
1509:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1461:
1443:
1406:
1394:display adapter
1334:Magnetic stripe
1309:Barcode scanner
1293:Various CF I/O
1287:
1275:
1266:point-and-shoot
1231:, as described
1225:hard disk drive
1213:
1153:
1147:
1123:
1111:
1105:
985:
973:
967:
907:
839:
826:
801:hard disk drive
781:
768:configuration.
726:
718:
691:
668:
652:
633:
572:
571:
557:
545:hard disk drive
528:(MiniCard) and
454:
439:xD-Picture Card
391:
317:xD-Picture Card
260:
252:Digital cameras
235:
210:
204:
160:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
36:Difluorocarbene
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3806:Secure Digital
3803:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3757:MultiMediaCard
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3630:External links
3628:
3626:
3625:
3607:
3604:on 2007-09-27.
3589:
3562:
3532:
3501:
3476:
3453:MemberClicks.
3445:
3414:
3383:
3365:
3339:
3314:
3289:
3271:
3252:
3221:
3185:
3182:on 2011-06-08.
3156:
3134:
3112:
3109:on 2013-05-18.
3090:
3064:
3055:
3033:
3024:
2992:
2967:
2942:
2916:
2894:
2872:
2860:www.pretec.com
2846:
2821:
2800:
2775:
2744:
2730:
2700:
2670:
2653:photofocus.com
2640:
2631:
2606:
2581:
2569:www.pcmcia.org
2556:
2542:
2528:
2510:
2500:
2474:
2444:
2418:
2404:
2390:
2368:
2345:MemberClicks.
2337:
2334:on 2005-05-12.
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2282:SD Association
2279:
2274:
2267:
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2257:
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2248:
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2029:
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2017:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1992:
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1983:
1982:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1964:
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1956:
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1423:
1421:
1411:
1408:Shown looking
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Digital Camera
1316:
1311:
1286:
1283:
1274:
1273:Counterfeiting
1271:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1252:Secure Digital
1247:
1236:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1149:Main article:
1146:
1143:
1122:
1119:
1107:Main article:
1104:
1101:
1088:announced the
984:
981:
977:MultiMediaCard
969:Main article:
966:
963:
962:
961:
950:
946:
943:
940:
933:
926:
923:
906:
903:
891:dumb terminals
838:
835:
825:
822:
780:
777:
725:
722:
717:
714:
690:
687:
667:
664:
651:
650:Magnetic media
648:
632:
629:
613:
612:
592:
589:
586:
582:
579:
556:
553:
526:Miniature Card
453:
450:
390:
387:
297:Miniature Card
270:
269:
264:
256:
255:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
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233:
230:
226:
224:
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206:
205:
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202:
196:
192:
190:
186:
185:
179:
173:
172:
166:
162:
161:
154:
139:
138:
80:"CompactFlash"
53:
51:
44:
32:Compact Floppy
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3887:
3876:
3875:AT Attachment
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
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3699:Main articles
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3456:
3449:
3446:
3435:on 2017-12-12
3431:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3404:on 2017-05-19
3400:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3380:. 2015-04-08.
3379:
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3354:
3350:
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3328:
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3318:
3315:
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3290:
3286:. 2008-01-08.
3285:
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3263:
3256:
3253:
3242:on 2008-12-05
3238:
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3103:Rob Galbraith
3100:
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3052:0-596-00871-6
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2957:on 2008-05-09
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2790:on 2015-11-26
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2659:on 2018-03-18
2658:
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2596:on 2010-03-01
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2260:NU = Not Used
2250:
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1388:host adapters
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1075:
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1072:Arri Alexa/XT
1069:
1065:
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880:
876:
871:
868:
867:Canon EOS 10D
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
836:
834:
832:
823:
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818:
816:
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797:wear leveling
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569:
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562:
559:CompactFlash
554:
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315:formats, and
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85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
18:Compact flash
3763:Memory Stick
3747:Express Card
3736:CompactFlash
3735:
3692:Memory cards
3620:the original
3610:
3602:the original
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:the original
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:the original
3545:nikonusa.com
3544:
3535:
3523:. Retrieved
3519:the original
3514:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3489:dpreview.com
3488:
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:the original
3458:
3448:
3437:. Retrieved
3430:the original
3417:
3406:. Retrieved
3399:the original
3386:
3378:Canon Europe
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3352:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:
3317:
3305:. Retrieved
3301:
3292:
3274:
3255:
3244:. Retrieved
3237:the original
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3205:the original
3201:www.mmca.org
3200:
3194:"MMCA: Home"
3188:
3177:the original
3172:
3159:
3151:the original
3146:
3137:
3129:the original
3124:
3115:
3107:the original
3102:
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3058:
3044:Car PC hacks
3043:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3008:the original
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2980:www.fccps.cz
2979:
2970:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:the original
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:engadget.com
2928:
2919:
2911:the original
2906:
2897:
2889:the original
2884:
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2859:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2803:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:the original
2778:
2767:. Retrieved
2760:the original
2747:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:the original
2712:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:the original
2682:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:the original
2652:
2643:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:
2565:"pcmcia.org"
2559:
2545:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:engadget.com
2486:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:the original
2456:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2431:engadget.com
2430:
2421:
2413:"Press Room"
2407:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2350:
2340:
2329:the original
2315:
2213:
2185:
2178:
2118:
2111:
2080:
2073:
2039:
2008:
1974:
1943:
1909:
1878:
1790:
1759:
1725:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1652:
1645:
1622:
1615:
1486:
1407:
1299:
1279:counterfeits
1276:
1182:
1178:
1162:
1128:
1124:
1112:
1097:
1094:
1083:
1076:
1061:
1049:
1034:
1022:
1011:
1007:Parallel ATA
998:
996:
986:
974:
949:enhancements
908:
872:
863:
859:
840:
837:File systems
827:
819:
812:
805:
794:
786:Car PC Hacks
785:
782:
770:
739:
719:
700:card at the
697:
692:
681:As of 2011,
680:
669:
653:
644:
641:
638:
634:
625:
620:
616:
614:
558:
521:
517:
516:
489:
486:
470:
447:
420:
404:
400:
364:
352:Parallel ATA
349:
341:Canon EOS R3
337:Canon EOS R5
330:
313:Memory Stick
294:
283:flash memory
278:
275:CompactFlash
274:
273:
183:file systems
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
3738:(CF, CFast)
2907:Seagate.com
2885:Seagate.com
2834:samsung.com
2713:pietrzyk.us
2683:pietrzyk.us
2277:ExpressCard
1382:Serial port
1367:Flash media
1218:Reliability
1145:Microdrives
815:solid-state
779:Reliability
698:Extreme III
631:Solid state
510:and 28-bit
389:Description
367:PCI Express
362:interface.
3870:Serial ATA
3849:Categories
3829:xD-Picture
3812:SmartMedia
3774:Microdrive
3439:2017-06-01
3408:2017-02-23
3327:ARRI Group
3302:ARRI Group
3246:2010-01-22
3214:15 January
2961:2008-05-18
2794:2015-11-25
2769:2014-06-21
2600:2010-05-30
2308:References
2287:Microdrive
1340:Microdrive
1205:Rio Carbon
1193:iriver H10
1165:hard disks
1151:Microdrive
1139:Nikon D800
1086:Canon Inc.
1003:Serial ATA
979:standard.
899:seek times
831:ReadyBoost
656:Microdrive
537:Microdrive
530:SmartMedia
462:Nikon D200
443:SmartMedia
360:Serial ATA
311:, various
301:SmartMedia
223:Dimensions
165:Media type
91:newspapers
3742:CFexpress
2379:. SanDisk
2204:<->
2166:<->
2155:<->
2142:<->
2131:<->
2104:<->
2093:<->
2066:<->
1606:<->
1595:<->
1582:<->
1571:<->
1558:<->
1547:<->
1534:<->
1523:<->
1510:<->
1499:<->
1431:Function
1392:Super VGA
1314:Bluetooth
1197:LifeDrive
1189:Nokia N91
1185:iPod mini
1115:CFexpress
1109:CFexpress
1103:CFexpress
702:photokina
588:⋅
500:hard disk
345:Nikon Z 9
333:CFexpress
292:in 1994.
209:Developed
155:A 2
121:July 2019
3780:MiniCard
3555:18 March
3525:18 March
3494:18 March
3469:18 March
3358:18 March
3332:18 March
3307:18 March
3284:DPReview
3266:Engadget
3083:18 March
3017:April 8,
2985:18 March
2935:18 March
2865:18 March
2839:18 March
2723:18 March
2693:18 March
2663:18 March
2624:18 March
2574:18 March
2537:"PC Mag"
2493:18 March
2467:18 March
2457:cnet.com
2437:18 March
2383:27 April
2361:18 March
2302:XQD card
2266:See also
1460:True IDE
1442:True IDE
1420:Function
1357:CDMA2000
1324:Ethernet
1064:SATA 3.0
1014:SATA 2.0
427:FireWire
383:XQD card
259:Extended
189:Capacity
181:Various
177:Encoding
3800:PC Card
3794:MicroP2
3785:NT Card
2553:. 2002.
2292:PC Card
2108:BVD1(H)
2070:BVD2(H)
1821:RDY/BSY
1701:ATA_SEL
1462:Mode 4
1386:USB 1.1
1302:PC Card
1173:Hitachi
1041:USB 3.0
855:cameras
706:Samsung
694:SanDisk
565:CD-ROMs
549:Seagate
541:Hitachi
478:PC Card
290:SanDisk
281:) is a
217:SanDisk
105:scholar
3769:miCard
3455:"Home"
3050:
2814:Oct 7,
2347:"Home"
2221:<--
2193:-->
2187:IOCS16
2180:IOIS16
2113:STSCHG
2055:-->
2035:<--
2024:-->
2010:INPACK
2001:-->
1990:-->
1981:IORDY
1970:-->
1959:-->
1936:<--
1925:-->
1905:-->
1894:-->
1874:<--
1863:-->
1827:INTRQ
1817:-->
1806:-->
1786:<--
1775:-->
1752:<--
1741:-->
1718:<--
1707:-->
1679:-->
1668:-->
1641:<--
1630:-->
1482:-->
1444:Mode 4
1412:card.
1404:Pinout
1336:reader
1045:eSATAp
1018:UDMA 7
971:CE-ATA
965:CE-ATA
918:mode.
750:PCMCIA
710:PRETEC
615:where
595:
473:PCMCIA
467:camera
371:Gbit/s
343:, and
261:
240:Weight
211:
171:format
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
3825:(UFS)
3759:(MMC)
3752:JEIDA
3729:Types
3582:6 May
3433:(PDF)
3426:(PDF)
3402:(PDF)
3395:(PDF)
3240:(PDF)
3233:(PDF)
3208:(PDF)
3197:(PDF)
3180:(PDF)
3169:(PDF)
3011:(PDF)
3004:(PDF)
2763:(PDF)
2756:(PDF)
2523:PCMAG
2332:(PDF)
2325:(PDF)
2120:PDIAG
1945:RESET
1940:RESET
1398:Wi-Fi
1345:Modem
1233:above
1227:of a
1131:below
999:CFast
983:CFast
851:FAT32
847:FAT16
843:FAT12
555:Speed
508:C-H-S
504:volts
407:Intel
373:(125
356:CFast
248:Usage
112:JSTOR
98:books
3814:(SM)
3776:(MD)
3584:2014
3557:2018
3527:2018
3496:2018
3471:2018
3360:2018
3334:2018
3309:2018
3216:2022
3085:2018
3048:ISBN
3019:2010
2987:2018
2937:2018
2867:2018
2841:2018
2816:2022
2725:2018
2695:2018
2665:2018
2626:2018
2576:2018
2495:2018
2469:2018
2439:2018
2385:2018
2363:2018
2236:GND
2208:D10
2170:D09
2146:D08
2082:DASP
2075:SPKR
1976:WAIT
1880:CSEL
1851:VCC
1824:IREQ
1761:IOWR
1727:IORD
1610:D15
1586:D14
1562:D13
1538:D12
1514:D11
1410:into
1384:and
1372:RFID
1361:EDGE
1359:and
1353:GPRS
1347:and
1203:and
1183:The
1135:DSLR
1090:XC10
1068:Arri
1043:and
1026:AHCI
954:TRIM
937:UDMA
916:SATA
883:NTFS
766:RAID
758:SATA
756:and
742:SATA
734:SATA
599:kB/s
522:NAND
465:DSLR
415:NAND
375:MB/s
324:and
299:and
263:from
84:news
3834:XQD
3818:SxS
2232:---
2215:CD2
2151:D02
2127:D01
2089:D00
2051:A00
2041:REG
2020:A01
2015:NC
1986:A02
1952:A03
1918:A04
1911:VS2
1887:A05
1856:A06
1847:---
1836:---
1832:VCC
1799:A07
1768:A08
1734:A09
1685:VS1
1661:A10
1654:CS1
1647:CE2
1624:CS0
1617:CE1
1591:D07
1567:D06
1543:D05
1519:D04
1495:D03
1488:CD1
1471:---
1467:GND
1457:I/O
1454:Mem
1449:Pin
1439:I/O
1436:Mem
1349:GSM
1329:GPS
1169:IBM
1059:).
1037:CES
930:DMA
879:JFS
875:Ext
773:DMA
754:IDE
746:PCI
676:GiB
591:150
561:IDE
534:IBM
518:NOR
496:ATA
492:ATA
482:IDE
435:MMC
425:or
423:USB
411:NOR
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2197:24
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2162:48
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2135:22
2100:46
2097:21
2062:45
2059:20
2046:H
2031:44
2028:19
2005:NU
1997:43
1994:18
1966:42
1963:17
1932:41
1929:16
1901:40
1898:15
1870:39
1867:14
1843:38
1840:13
1813:37
1810:12
1792:WE
1782:36
1779:11
1756:NU
1748:35
1745:10
1722:NU
1714:34
1694:OE
1675:33
1637:32
1602:31
1578:30
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1530:28
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1187:,
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881:,
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752:,
748:,
660:ms
431:SD
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