261:. When making other voices heard, so to speak, not only should be asked what they say and why but also with what justification and due to what believes and convictions. Between radicalism and universalism there has to be a third way to carry out the program of philosophy with the help of other cultures. Wimmer calls this way polylogue, a dialogue of many. Answers to thematic questions should be worked out during such a polylogue. He drafts a 'minimal rule': never accept a philosophical thesis from an author of a single cultural tradition to be well founded. But how does a polylogue look like? Wimmer assumes an issue relevant in four traditions (A, B, C and D) for the sake of illustration. The can have one-sided influence (→) or reciprocal influence (↔). There are different models to be distinguished:
169:
philosophy on his own but with help from philosophers native to this tradition. Fornet-Betancourt sees the importance of an intercultural approach in the overcoming of any eurocentrism still dominating the world. The history of philosophy shouldn't be reconstructed on the basis of the expansionary development but by means of the diversity of all cultures of humankind. But not only the past should be taken into consideration, the redesign of the present is of equal importance. Intercultural philosophy is a means for making variety heard.
125:
thinking into including other cultures, to not only consider one tradition but as many as possible such as Asian, Anglo-American, Latin-American, Islamic, or
African. It is no longer important to ask questions on your own for this would be a very regional approach. Intercultural philosophy shouldn't be an academic subject besides others but an attitude followed by everybody who philosophises. No matter what philosophical orientation, other culture's thoughts should be taken into consideration.
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has become a concern to more than just a couple of philosophers there are quite a few names to be mentioned. Their concept of intercultural philosophy differs according to their personal background but what they all agree upon is the practical relevance this approach presents. They each have their own suggestions for how intercultural philosophy should respond to today's situation of globalisation.
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198:, and views himself to be an insider as well as an outsider due to his Indian heritage and Western education. For Mall interculturality derives from the overlapping of cultures that don't exist on their own. Intercultural philosophy is by no means a romantic notion for anything non-European but an attitude which has to precede philosophical thinking. Only then
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prevented by comparing several cultures with each other, instead of restricting the comparison to two, and by paying attention to the circumstances under which such a polar relationship between two cultures can be maintained and under what conditions it can also be detected within the cultures that are contrasted with each other.
235:
This book works through stages of intercultural guardianship for the purpose of discussing guardianship of nature. There are many approaches that are not based on scientific rationality which need to be heard in the 21st century. How do we talk with, and understand, radically different experiences of
177:
Kimmerle (born 1930) is professor emeritus at the
Erasmus-university in Rotterdam. He intends to develop a way from colonial thinking towards a dialogue with the African philosophy based on complete equality in order to conceive of an intercultural concept of philosophy. For Kimmerle interculturality
318:
For each tradition is the other quite interesting which is the consistent model for intercultural philosophy. Reciprocal influence happens based on complete equality. Of course in when it comes to practical use it might not be as carefully balanced. One tradition may be more interested in the second
228:
or the justification of norms and values is indeed philosophical. Philosophy should be intercultural all the time even though it isn't yet so. It is quite a 'predicament of culturality' that philosophy claims to be universal but on the other hand will always be embedded in culture, certain means of
132:
it is also important to connect religion and philosophy as they are both key elements of human reality and important to many cultures. When developing an approach to intercultural philosophy one has to abandon the idea of using only one's own ways of demonstration and description but has to include
155:
It is not possible to name any forefathers or -mothers of intercultural thought simply because there have always been individuals in the history of philosophy that have had an intercultural approach in their theories. Although nothing defined and without much impact. Since intercultural philosophy
270:
In this model there is no dialogue possible. It is the goal the expansion of tradition A together with the extinction of cultures such as B, C and D. The reaction of those doesn't have to be the same. The may fiercely object or completely imitate tradition A. This is an example for eurocentrism.
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there are those philosophers who believe that there needs to be communication as well as collaboration between different traditions and cultures especially in today's global situation, given that intercultural interactions and encounters are a fact of human existence. The goal is to extend one's
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in Aachen, Germany. He was born and raised in Cuba, where he already came in contact with more than one culture, namely with the
European or Hispanic and the African culture. His main interest lies with the Latin-American philosophy, though he has declared he doesn't research the Latin-American
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is an elementary means of reducing complexity and classifying things. Its primary function is not to render things as they in fact are, but rather to represent them in a manner in which they are useful. Polarisations with their simplification, exaggeration, absolutism, and exclusivity are best
97:
In the long history of philosophical thought there has always been a claim for universality although many great thinkers from the past see philosophical value only in the western tradition and oversee what other parts of the world have achieved on their own over the centuries. Eurocentric
141:
and becoming something of a world culture, which is monoculturally predetermined, according to Fornet-Betancort, is the project of an intercultural dialogue. Others view China and Japan as an example of intercultural practise that others could learn from as they have managed to integrate
229:
expression and certain questions. Wimmer concerns himself with the history of philosophical thought which has to be rewritten in order to include other traditions beside the occidental. He also wants to develop ways to enable intercultural dialogues, or 'polylogues', as he calls them.
384:– A self-image is no more to be taken at face value than are the impressions of an outsider. According to their constitution and the kind of encounter, people tend to overestimate, super-elevate and embellish themselves, or to underestimate, diminish and denigrate themselves.
327:
Elmar
Holenstein (born 1937) is a Swiss philosopher who concerns himself with questions regarding phenomenology and philosophy of language and culture. He observes a number of rules of thumb that make it possible to avoid intercultural misunderstandings for the most part.
215:
Wimmer (born 1942) is an associate professor at the university of Vienna. It is important to him to liberate the concept of philosophy from eurocentrism. He defines the contents of philosophy regarding to questions asked. Any tradition concerning themselves with either
390:– Behaviour codes and constitutional texts do not represent conditions as they are, but as they should be according to the view of the group that have the say. Sometimes they manifest a mirror image of what is not the case but considered proper behaviour.
133:
other forms such as dance, music, architecture, rituals, art, literature, myths, proverbs, folk tales and so on. A manner of meeting has to be found to allow a variety of exchange where one's own tradition can be preserved and not be forged into one big
540:
is also a journal for intercultural philosophy, published in Padua, Italy since 1996. The journal's language is
Italian. Since 2010, the Centro Interculturale Dedicato a Raimon Panikkar (Intercultural Centre Dedicated to Raimon Panikkar) publishes
356:– If one encounters something in a foreign culture which one is completely unwilling to accept without contradiction, it is not unlikely that one will find comparable, if not worse occurrences in one's own culture, historical and contemporary.
146:
without losing their own cultural identity. Philosophers such as Wimmer and Mall postulate forms of dialogue in which all parties are on the same level ('Ebene der
Gleichheit') without having any other power but the better argument.
411:
is a temptation to place the various eras, trends and formations to be found in them in a uni-linear order as if they are only distinguished by their degree of development and none of them has its own originality and autonomy.
350:– Before meaningless, unnatural, non-human or immature behaviour and corresponding values are attributed to people of another culture, it is better to begin by doubting the adequacy of one's own judgement and knowledge.
206:
and total identity. Working out overlappings despite differences enables to understand other cultures not identical to one's own. Mall pleads for abandonment of any claim to absolute right in theory as well as practice.
256:
This is a concept of the
Austrian philosopher Franz Martin Wimmer. He postulates that within interculturally orientated philosophy methods have to be found which disable any rash universalism or relativistic
102:
agree upon Greek being the only birthplace of philosophy and traditions such as the
Chinese or Indian ones are only teachings of wisdom. Others speak of more than one birthplace and include Asian traditions.
280:
In this model dialogues aren't necessary as well. A continues to be the most influential culture, B ignores D, C ignores D. It may be due to the twofold influence upon C that comparative notions occur. 12
1905:
503:
To use terms such as 'German philosophy' and 'East' and 'West' just as abbreviation for 'philosophy formulated or developed in
Germany' and 'philosophy formulated and developed in Asia'
248:
have to be adapted to this new situation. Many philosophers of intercultural thought suggest similar but nonetheless different rules or guidelines when approaching other traditions.
89:, intercultural philosophy as a concept emerged in the 1980s. It is frequently connected to German-speaking European thinkers pursuing an intercultural philosophical perspective.
378:– It is possible to avoid misjudgements and tactlessness by never treating members of another culture as objects or means of research, but as research partners of equal right.
372:, hidden racism, becomes manifest when one's own feeling of superiority is threatened. Foreign cultures have to be analysed to shed a revealing light on one's own culture.
418:– There are mysteries that will remain unanswered in all cultures and across cultures. One has to be prepared for the fact that satisfactory answers might not be found.
340:– People pursue an end in what they do and don't only express themselves with logical rationality. It is easy to misunderstand if one cannot distinguish logical and
70:, "in which philosophers work on problems by intentionally setting into dialogue various sources from across cultural, linguistic, and philosophical streams", and
334:– One has to assume that thoughts not logical to oneself do not make the culture or tradition alogical or prelogical but rather that one has misunderstood them.
178:
influences everything and therefore philosophy has to adapt itself to interculturality in all sub areas as to not lose its practical relevance. In his opinion
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To justify the identification of certain issues regarding to similarities and differences, in particular regarding the relevance of those identifications
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Beside the work of individual philosophers journals have been published to spread the intercultural thought and make as many voices heard as possible.
41:
that emphasizes the integration of influences from different cultures. It can represent the meeting of different philosophical traditions, such as
362:– Considering the former rule, it is no less probable that one will find persons in the foreign culture who reject the scandalous event as well.
28:
1895:
536:
is a journal for intercultural philosophising, published in Vienna, Austria since 1998 and offers articles mostly in the German language.
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368:– When people are frustrated, they are inclined to perceive their own shortcomings in magnified form in members of other groups. Crypto-
57:
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becomes possible. Mall has worked out a hermeneutic he calls 'analogous', which moves between two hermeneutic extremes, namely radical
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Furtado, Gabriel
Vincent “Asian Perspectives For the Development of Intercultural Thought” in: Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (Ed.).
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99:
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When working with different cultures one can't just insist of one's own methods and ask everyone else to do so as well.
113:, referring to the period from 800 BCE to 200 BCE, during which philosophical thinking evolved in China, Indian and the
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74:, "in which philosophers construct a philosophical system based on the fullness of global traditions of thought".
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in print or in digital format, promoting and spreading cultural events inspired by Raimon Panikkar's thought.
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Furtado, Gabriel Vincent “Intercultural Conflict in Asian Philosophy” in: Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (Ed.).
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reality from our own. The approach is not only intercultural, but also philosophical and theological.
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Paul is an associate professor at the university of Karlsruhe. His concerns are epistemology, logic,
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Accept the universal validity of the common and pragmatic principle of causality as at least
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Peter Raine: Who guards the guardians:intercultural dialogue on environmental guardianship.
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than the third which is a common difficulty regarding intercultural dialogue in general.
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at the university of Munich. He has systematically worked through Indian philosophy and
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Mall (born 1937) is a professor of philosophy and teaches intercultural philosophy and
17:
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138:
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Those 16 rules shall help to enable an exchange between cultures on an equal level.
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2035:
1975:
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309:. There are some dialogues or even polylogues possible, with the exception of D.
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165:
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117:. Jasper's theory is widely accepted by those philosophising interculturally.
38:
642:
Chini, Tina “Interkulturelle Philosophie – Disziplin, Orientierung, Praxis?”
344:
rationality, the literal meaning of a sentence and the goal pursued with it.
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and comparative philosophy as well as human rights. He has formulated 16
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109:, a German psychiatrist and philosopher, developed the theory of an
870:
A Dozen Rules of Thumb for Avoiding Intercultural Misunderstandings
164:
Fornet-Betancourt (born 1946) is a professor in the department for
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3112:
2398:
217:
459:
Not to mistake parts of a tradition for the whole (e.g. identify
967:
920:
489:
Comparative philosophy should furthermore meet certain demands:
182:
plays an important role for it pioneers intercultural thinking.
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2835:
2373:
2335:
981:
3295:
913:
618:
Washington, DC, Council for Research and Values in Philosophy.
460:
27:"Comparative philosophy" redirects here. For the journal, see
2331:
388:
Ontology-deontology rule (›is‹ versus ›ought‹ rule)
804:
Amaladass, Ananad “Literarische Formen des Philosophierens”
791:
Panikkar, Raimon (2000). Religion, Philosophie und Kultur."
689:
Die drei Geburtsorte der Philosophie. China, Indien, Europa.
493:
To explicit the underlying and guiding concept of philosophy
977:
958:
polylog – Zeitschrift für interkulturelles Philosophieren
453:
To only compare equalities and to avert category mistakes
952:
421:
315:
A ↔ B and A ↔ C and A ↔ D and B ↔ C and B ↔ D and C ↔ D
302:
A ↔ B and A ↔ C and A ↔ D and B ↔ C and B ↔ D and C → D
819:
Philosophical Presuppositions of Intercultural Dialogue
137:. The only way to stop cultures from being absorbed by
957:
441:
Identify differences, and to describe and explain them
422:
Gregor Paul's basic rules for intercultural philosophy
953:
WiGiP - Viennese society for intercultural philosophy
338:
Rule of teleological rationality (functionality rule)
968:
ODIP - Online Dictionary of Intercultural Philosophy
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1029:
394:
Depolarization rule (rule against cultural dualism)
77:While many precursors could be identified, such as
767:Grundpositionen der interkulturellen Philosophie.
874:polylog: platform for Intercultural Philosophy.
823:polylog: platform for Intercultural Philosophy.
450:Assume the existence of universal, logical laws
890:Einführung in die Interkulturelle Philosophie.
864:
2347:
993:
934:"Comparative Philosophy: Chinese and Western"
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
438:Ascertain similarities and make them explicit
312:Complete reciprocal influence: the polylogue
8:
963:polylog – Forum for Intercultural Philosophy
780:Unterwegs zur interkulturellen Philosophie.
434:rules regarding intercultural philosophy.
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715:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
707:
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467:Rules regarding comparative philosophy:
305:All forms here can be seen as selective
910:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
884:
882:
638:
636:
634:
632:
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628:
626:
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607:
240:Approaches to an intercultural dialogue
973:Bibliography of Comparative Philosophy
29:Comparative and Continental Philosophy
7:
2295:
1896:Role of Christianity in civilization
360:Vos-quoque rule (you-do-it-too-rule)
296:A ↔ B and A → C and A → D and B → C
277:A → B and A → C and A → D and B → C
93:The idea of intercultural philosophy
2307:
939:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
926:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
765:Yousefi, Hamid Reza et al. (2005).
733:Die Dimension des Interkulturellen.
478:Orient oneself on the existence of
407:– The assumption that cultures are
354:Nos-quoque rule (we-do-it-too-rule)
274:One-sided and transitive influence
25:
616:What is Intercultural Philosophy?
447:Avoid mystification and exoticism
4411:
4410:
4397:
2306:
2294:
2283:
2282:
1017:
348:Humanity rule (naturalness rule)
2108:Culture and positive psychology
1018:
872:(D. Goodwin, Trans.) online at
817:Fornet-Betancourt, Raúl (2000)
687:Mall, Ram Adhar et al. (1989).
1547:High- and low-context cultures
287:There are many forms such as:
1:
674:Wimmer, Franz Martin (2004).
100:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
3883:Ordinary language philosophy
2113:Culture and social cognition
1098:Cross-cultural communication
676:Interkulturelle Philosophie.
614:Sweet, William, ed. (2014),
284:Partly reciprocal influence
3933:Contemporary utilitarianism
3848:Internalism and externalism
2195:Intercultural communication
769:Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz.
560:Intercultural communication
332:Rule of logical rationality
4464:
3197:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1638:Cross cultural sensitivity
1305:Resistance through culture
868:Holenstein, Elmar (2003).
463:as the Eastern philosophy)
290:A ↔ B and A → C and A → D
267:A → B and A → C and A → D
26:
4438:Philosophical methodology
4391:
4106:
4089:
3496:
2842:
2831:
2419:Philosophy of mathematics
2409:Philosophy of information
2380:
2369:
2278:
2250:Transformation of culture
1683:Cultural environmentalism
1113:Cross-cultural psychology
1108:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1103:Cross-cultural leadership
1015:
836:Kulturen der Philosophie.
713:Intercultural Philosophy.
592:Middle Eastern philosophy
2210:Living things in culture
2200:Intercultural competence
2103:Culture and menstruation
1602:Trans-cultural diffusion
921:"Comparative Philosophy"
731:Kimmerle, Heinz (1994).
711:Mall, Ram Adhar (2000).
87:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
35:Intercultural philosophy
3888:Postanalytic philosophy
3829:Experimental philosophy
2021:Cultural homogenization
1251:Individualistic culture
1185:Popular culture studies
1170:Intercultural relations
475:and pragmatic principle
366:Anti-crypto-racism rule
4021:Social constructionism
3033:Hellenistic philosophy
2449:Theoretical philosophy
2424:Philosophy of religion
2414:Philosophy of language
1956:Archaeological culture
1703:Cultural globalization
1572:Organizational culture
1420:Cultural communication
1378:Cultural appropriation
1165:Intercultural learning
1093:Cross-cultural studies
904:William Edelglass and
782:Frankfurt: IKO (1998).
520:of important examples.
507:Further common rules:
200:comparative philosophy
160:Raúl Fornet-Betancourt
68:comparative philosophy
18:Comparative philosophy
4404:Philosophy portal
3923:Scientific skepticism
3903:Reformed epistemology
2429:Philosophy of science
2225:Participatory culture
2016:Cultural evolutionism
1840:Multiracial democracy
1718:Cultural intelligence
1663:Cultural conservatism
1653:Cultural backwardness
1643:Cultural assimilation
1517:Cultural reproduction
1373:Cultural appreciation
1325:Far-right subcultures
1215:Transcultural nursing
1180:Philosophy of culture
1057:Cultural neuroscience
1037:Cultural anthropology
888:Paul, Gregor (2008).
456:Avoid generalisations
98:philosophers such as
3824:Critical rationalism
3531:Edo neo-Confucianism
3375:Acintya bheda abheda
3354:Renaissance humanism
3065:School of the Sextii
2439:Practical philosophy
2434:Political philosophy
2220:Oppositional culture
2190:Emotions and culture
2098:Cultural sensibility
2088:Cultural translation
2026:Cultural institution
2006:Cultural determinism
1728:Cultural nationalism
1713:Cultural imperialism
1673:Cultural deprivation
1567:Non-material culture
1200:Sociology of culture
1195:Semiotics of culture
876:Retrieved 2010-09-07
825:Retrieved 2010-09-07
565:Perennial philosophy
405:Non-homogeneity rule
264:One-sided influence
4443:Philosophy by topic
3395:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3306:Korean Confucianism
3053:Academic Skepticism
2071:Culture speculation
2066:Cultural relativism
1996:Cultural competence
1886:Cultural Christians
1758:Cultural Revolution
1748:Cultural radicalism
1723:Cultural liberalism
1658:Cultural Bolshevism
1633:Consumer capitalism
1587:Relational mobility
1527:Cultural technology
1435:Cultural dissonance
1352:Culture by location
1315:Alternative culture
1231:Constructed culture
1210:Theology of culture
1150:Cultural psychology
1130:Cultural entomology
919:Ronnie Littlejohn,
646:12 (2004): 120-131.
582:American philosophy
528:Intercultural media
512:Multidisciplinarity
211:Franz Martin Wimmer
120:In contrast to any
4016:Post-structuralism
3918:Scientific realism
3873:Quinean naturalism
3853:Logical positivism
3809:Analytical Marxism
3028:Peripatetic school
2940:Chinese naturalism
2467:Aesthetic response
2394:Applied philosophy
2230:Permission culture
2163:Disability culture
2143:Children's culture
2011:Cultural diversity
1971:Circuit of culture
1753:Cultural retention
1733:Cultural pessimism
1688:Cultural exception
1678:Cultural diplomacy
1668:Cultural contracts
1628:Colonial mentality
1557:Manuscript culture
1532:Cultural universal
1502:Cultural pluralism
1482:Cultural landscape
1477:Cultural invention
1445:Cultural framework
1347:Vernacular culture
1145:Cultural mediation
1125:Cultural economics
1120:Cultural analytics
1052:Cultural geography
1042:Cultural astronomy
735:Amsterdam: Rodopi.
597:Western philosophy
587:Eastern philosophy
577:African philosophy
83:Brajendranath Seal
79:Paul Masson-Oursel
51:African philosophy
43:Western philosophy
37:is an approach to
4425:
4424:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
3804:Analytic feminism
3776:
3775:
3738:Kierkegaardianism
3700:Transcendentalism
3660:Neo-scholasticism
3506:Classical Realism
3483:
3482:
3255:
3254:
3070:Neopythagoreanism
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2444:Social philosophy
2329:
2328:
2158:Death and culture
2051:Cultural movement
2041:Cultural literacy
1901:Eastern Orthodoxy
1813:Dominator culture
1808:Deculturalization
1708:Cultural hegemony
1698:Cultural genocide
1693:Cultural feminism
1512:Cultural property
1507:Cultural practice
1492:Cultural leveling
1487:Cultural learning
1472:Cultural industry
1467:Cultural identity
1450:Cultural heritage
1440:Cultural emphasis
1425:Cultural conflict
1398:Cultural behavior
1388:Cultural artifact
1300:Primitive culture
1276:Political culture
518:Contextualisation
444:Dispel prejudices
382:Subjectivity rule
180:philosophy of art
64:Ronnie Littlejohn
16:(Redirected from
4455:
4448:Interculturalism
4414:
4413:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4117:
4108:
4091:
3981:Frankfurt School
3928:Transactionalism
3878:Normative ethics
3858:Legal positivism
3834:Falsificationism
3819:Consequentialism
3814:Communitarianism
3787:
3655:New Confucianism
3494:
3301:Neo-Confucianism
3266:
3075:Second Sophistic
3060:Middle Platonism
2903:
2844:
2833:
2676:Epiphenomenalism
2543:Consequentialism
2477:Institutionalism
2382:
2371:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2175:Drinking culture
2128:Culture industry
2076:Cultural tourism
2056:Cultural mulatto
2031:Cultural jet lag
1966:Cannabis culture
1923:Cultural Muslims
1845:Pluriculturalism
1828:Multiculturalism
1818:Interculturalism
1793:Culture minister
1783:Cultural Zionism
1778:Cultural subsidy
1773:Cultural silence
1648:Cultural attaché
1607:Transculturation
1562:Material culture
1552:Interculturality
1408:Cultural capital
1393:Cultural baggage
1330:Youth subculture
1271:Official culture
1236:Dominant culture
1175:Internet culture
1140:Cultural mapping
1135:Cultural history
1062:Cultural studies
1047:Cultural ecology
1021:
1020:
1002:
995:
988:
979:
893:
886:
877:
866:
839:
832:
826:
815:
809:
808:15 (2006): 7-17.
802:
796:
795:1 (1998): 13-37.
789:
783:
776:
770:
763:
736:
729:
716:
709:
692:
685:
679:
672:
647:
640:
619:
612:
555:Interculturalism
500:and eurocentrism
416:Agnosticism rule
376:Personality rule
72:world philosophy
56:Writing for the
47:Asian philosophy
21:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4398:
4396:
4375:
4339:
4239:
4201:
4148:
4102:
4101:
4073:
4062:Russian cosmism
4035:
4031:Western Marxism
3996:New Historicism
3961:Critical theory
3947:
3943:Wittgensteinian
3839:Foundationalism
3772:
3709:
3690:Social contract
3546:Foundationalism
3479:
3461:
3445:Illuminationism
3430:Aristotelianism
3416:
3405:Vishishtadvaita
3358:
3310:
3251:
3218:
3089:
3018:Megarian school
3013:Eretrian school
2954:
2915:Agriculturalism
2892:
2838:
2819:
2766:
2738:
2695:
2647:
2604:
2588:Incompatibilism
2557:
2529:
2481:
2453:
2376:
2365:
2360:
2330:
2325:
2274:
2265:Western culture
2260:Welfare culture
2185:Eastern culture
2046:Cultural mosaic
2001:Cultural critic
1991:Cultural center
1939:
1913:Cultural Hindus
1859:
1850:Polyculturalism
1823:Monoculturalism
1798:Culture of fear
1768:Cultural safety
1763:Cultural rights
1743:Cultural racism
1738:Cultural policy
1616:
1522:Cultural system
1497:Cultural memory
1430:Cultural cringe
1356:
1288:Popular culture
1219:
1155:Cultural values
1076:
1025:
1011:
1006:
949:
906:Jay L. Garfield
901:
896:
892:Darmstadt: WBG.
887:
880:
867:
842:
833:
829:
816:
812:
803:
799:
790:
786:
777:
773:
764:
739:
730:
719:
710:
695:
686:
682:
673:
650:
641:
622:
613:
609:
605:
551:
530:
480:anthropological
424:
325:
254:
242:
213:
188:
175:
162:
153:
130:Raimon Panikkar
95:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4207:Middle Eastern
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3971:Existentialism
3968:
3966:Deconstruction
3963:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Applied ethics
3795:
3793:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:Nietzscheanism
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3705:Utilitarianism
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:Transcendental
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Existentialism
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Augustinianism
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3242:Zoroastrianism
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3085:Church Fathers
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2600:Libertarianism
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2404:Metaphilosophy
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2061:Cultural probe
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Cross-cultural
1983:
1981:Coffee culture
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Animal culture
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1855:Transculturism
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Culture change
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1612:Visual culture
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:Safety culture
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:Cross-cultural
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1072:Culture theory
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
982:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
948:
947:External links
945:
944:
943:
930:
917:
900:
897:
895:
894:
878:
840:
827:
810:
797:
784:
771:
737:
717:
693:
691:Bonn: Bouvier.
680:
648:
620:
606:
604:
601:
600:
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584:
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572:
568:
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487:
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476:
465:
464:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
432:methodological
423:
420:
324:
323:Rules of thumb
321:
253:
250:
246:Communications
241:
238:
212:
209:
187:
186:Ram Adhar Mall
184:
174:
173:Heinz Kimmerle
171:
161:
158:
152:
149:
94:
91:
66:distinguished
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4460:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4418:
4417:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:Miscellaneous
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:Miscellaneous
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Structuralism
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Postmodernism
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Phenomenology
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Vienna Circle
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Moral realism
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Phenomenology
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Individualism
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3475:Judeo-Islamic
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3451:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Shuddhadvaita
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Scholasticism
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2830:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Conceptualism
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Particularism
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Functionalism
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Eliminativism
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Compatibilism
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Particularism
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2270:Youth culture
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Urban culture
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Remix culture
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Media culture
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Languaculture
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Culture shock
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Cultural turn
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Bennett scale
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Protestantism
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:Biculturalism
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Technoculture
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Print culture
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Enculturation
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:Cultural icon
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Cultural bias
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Cultural area
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Acculturation
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Super culture
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Legal culture
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Sound culture
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1010:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
983:
980:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
941:
940:
935:
931:
928:
927:
922:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:
898:
891:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
841:
838:Aachen: 1996.
837:
831:
828:
824:
820:
814:
811:
807:
801:
798:
794:
788:
785:
781:
775:
772:
768:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
724:
722:
718:
714:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
684:
681:
677:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
611:
608:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
548:
546:
544:
543:Cirpit Review
539:
535:
527:
525:
519:
516:
513:
510:
509:
508:
502:
499:
498:ethnocentrism
495:
492:
491:
490:
484:
481:
477:
474:
470:
469:
468:
462:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
435:
433:
429:
419:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
383:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
361:
357:
355:
351:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
322:
320:
316:
313:
310:
308:
307:acculturation
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
260:
259:particularism
251:
249:
247:
239:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
219:
210:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:
183:
181:
172:
170:
167:
159:
157:
151:Main thinkers
150:
148:
145:
140:
139:globalisation
136:
131:
126:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
4409:
4395:
4066:
4057:Postcritique
4047:Kyoto School
4006:Posthumanism
3986:Hermeneutics
3841: /
3782:Contemporary
3758:Newtonianism
3721:Cartesianism
3680:Reductionism
3516:Conservatism
3511:Collectivism
3449:
3177:Sarvāstivadā
3155:Anekantavada
3080:Neoplatonism
3048:Epicureanism
2981:Pythagoreans
2920:Confucianism
2886:Contemporary
2876:Early modern
2780:Anti-realism
2734:Universalism
2691:Subjectivism
2487:Epistemology
2318:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2235:Rape culture
2180:Drug culture
2168:Deaf culture
2153:Cyberculture
2123:Culture hero
2036:Cultural lag
1976:Civilization
1876:Christianity
1582:Protoculture
1266:Microculture
1246:High culture
1241:Folk culture
1190:Postcritique
937:
932:David Wong,
924:
909:
889:
873:
835:
830:
822:
813:
805:
800:
792:
787:
779:
774:
766:
732:
712:
688:
683:
678:Vienna: UTB.
675:
643:
615:
610:
542:
537:
533:
531:
523:
506:
488:
466:
425:
415:
414:
404:
403:
398:Polarisation
393:
392:
387:
386:
381:
380:
375:
374:
365:
364:
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
346:
342:teleological
337:
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331:
330:
326:
317:
314:
311:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
255:
243:
234:
231:
226:epistemology
214:
192:hermeneutics
189:
176:
163:
154:
127:
122:eurocentrism
119:
107:Karl Jaspers
105:
96:
76:
71:
67:
58:
55:
34:
33:
4052:Objectivism
3991:Neo-Marxism
3953:Continental
3863:Meta-ethics
3843:Coherentism
3748:Hegelianism
3685:Rationalism
3645:Natural law
3625:Materialism
3551:Historicism
3521:Determinism
3412:Navya-Nyāya
3187:Sautrāntika
3182:Pudgalavada
3118:Vaisheshika
2971:Presocratic
2871:Renaissance
2810:Physicalism
2795:Materialism
2701:Normativity
2686:Objectivism
2671:Emergentism
2661:Behaviorism
2610:Metaphysics
2576:Determinism
2515:Rationalism
2313:WikiProject
2245:Tea culture
2148:Culturalism
2118:Culture gap
2081:Pop-culture
1881:Catholicism
1803:Culture war
1261:Low culture
1160:Culturomics
1067:Culturology
409:homogeneous
4432:Categories
4351:Amerindian
4258:Australian
4197:Vietnamese
4177:Indonesian
3726:Kantianism
3675:Positivism
3665:Pragmatism
3640:Naturalism
3620:Liberalism
3598:Subjective
3536:Empiricism
3440:Avicennism
3385:Bhedabheda
3269:East Asian
3192:Madhyamaka
3172:Abhidharma
3038:Pyrrhonism
2805:Nominalism
2800:Naturalism
2729:Skepticism
2719:Relativism
2709:Absolutism
2638:Naturalism
2548:Deontology
2520:Skepticism
2505:Naturalism
2495:Empiricism
2459:Aesthetics
2363:Philosophy
1310:Subculture
1088:Bioculture
899:References
821:online at
571:Traditions
538:Simplegadi
428:aesthetics
204:difference
166:missiology
135:syncretism
39:philosophy
4230:Pakistani
4192:Taiwanese
4139:Ethiopian
4112:By region
4098:By region
3913:Scientism
3908:Systemics
3768:Spinozism
3695:Socialism
3630:Modernism
3593:Objective
3501:Anarchism
3435:Averroism
3324:Christian
3276:Neotaoism
3247:Zurvanism
3237:Mithraism
3232:Mazdakism
3003:Cyrenaics
2930:Logicians
2563:Free will
2525:Solipsism
2472:Formalism
2138:Culturgen
1906:Mormonism
1864:Religions
1537:Cultureme
1455:Destroyed
1081:Subfields
912:(Oxford:
482:constants
473:heuristic
252:Polylogue
196:sociology
111:Axial Age
4416:Category
4371:Yugoslav
4361:Romanian
4268:Scottish
4253:American
4182:Japanese
4162:Buddhist
4144:Africana
4134:Egyptian
3976:Feminist
3898:Rawlsian
3893:Quietism
3791:Analytic
3743:Krausism
3650:Nihilism
3615:Kokugaku
3578:Absolute
3573:Idealism
3561:Humanism
3349:Occamism
3316:European
3261:Medieval
3207:Yogacara
3167:Buddhist
3160:Syādvāda
3043:Stoicism
3008:Cynicism
2996:Sophists
2991:Atomists
2986:Eleatics
2925:Legalism
2866:Medieval
2790:Idealism
2744:Ontology
2724:Nihilism
2628:Idealism
2386:Branches
2375:Branches
2289:Category
1871:Buddhism
1621:Politics
1030:Sciences
916:, 2011).
908:(eds.),
549:See also
222:ontology
144:Buddhism
115:Occident
4366:Russian
4335:Spanish
4330:Slovene
4320:Maltese
4315:Italian
4295:Finland
4263:British
4245:Western
4235:Turkish
4220:Islamic
4215:Iranian
4167:Chinese
4154:Eastern
4121:African
4068:more...
3753:Marxism
3583:British
3526:Dualism
3422:Islamic
3380:Advaita
3370:Vedanta
3344:Scotism
3339:Thomism
3281:Tiantai
3224:Persian
3212:Tibetan
3202:Śūnyatā
3143:Cārvāka
3133:Ājīvika
3128:Mīmāṃsā
3108:Samkhya
3023:Academy
2976:Ionians
2950:Yangism
2907:Chinese
2898:Ancient
2861:Western
2856:Ancient
2815:Realism
2772:Reality
2762:Process
2643:Realism
2623:Dualism
2618:Atomism
2500:Fideism
2320:Changes
2301:Commons
1944:Related
1935:Sikhism
1930:Judaism
1361:Aspects
1023:Outline
1009:Culture
806:polylog
793:polylog
644:polylog
534:Polylog
299:up to:
4325:Polish
4305:German
4300:French
4285:Danish
4275:Canada
4225:Jewish
4187:Korean
4172:Indian
3714:People
3635:Monism
3588:German
3556:Holism
3489:Modern
3467:Jewish
3390:Dvaita
3363:Indian
3286:Huayan
3138:Ajñana
3095:Indian
2960:Greco-
2945:Taoism
2935:Mohism
2881:Modern
2848:By era
2837:By era
2752:Action
2633:Monism
2553:Virtue
2535:Ethics
1320:Fandom
496:Avoid
370:racism
85:, and
49:, and
4356:Aztec
4310:Greek
4290:Dutch
4280:Czech
4129:Bantu
3566:Anti-
3113:Nyaya
3103:Hindu
2963:Roman
2757:Event
2399:Logic
1918:Islam
1293:Urban
1281:Civic
1224:Types
603:Notes
218:logic
3457:Sufi
3291:Chan
3150:Jain
3123:Yoga
2653:Mind
2593:Hard
2581:Hard
1335:list
293:or:
128:For
3731:Neo
3296:Zen
914:OUP
514:and
461:Zen
59:IEP
4434::
936:,
923:,
881:^
843:^
740:^
720:^
696:^
651:^
623:^
396:–
224:,
220:,
81:,
62:,
53:.
45:,
2355:e
2348:t
2341:v
1001:e
994:t
987:v
942:.
929:.
31:.
20:)
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