264:, gravity, and electric and magnetic field mappings. Argon-37 field measurement is a unique technology specially developed for the purpose of OSI. Drilling to obtain radioactive samples from a suspected underground explosion site is also allowed. Data collected from various methods have to be fused and interpreted for decision making purposes. An important task of the CTBTO is to explore how recent scientific and technical advances in these technologies can be applied to an OSI.
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If an event detected by the IMS (or by other means) raises concerns about violation of the basic obligations of the CTBT, an OSI may be conducted to clarify whether a nuclear explosion has taken place. Such an inspection could take place only after entry into force of the Treaty, and would require
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States
Parties to the Treaty are encouraged to conduct a Consultation and Clarification process (C&C) before requesting an on-site inspection. The state that has concerns about an ambiguous event should, whenever possible, make any effort to clarify it through consultations with the state in
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The
Preparatory Commission was established in 1997 and is tasked with making preparations for effective implementation of the Treaty, in particular by establishing its verification regime. The main task is establishing and provisionally operating the 337-facility International Monitoring System
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In addition to the IMS, C&C and OSI, the verification regime of the CTBT includes also the fourth element of
Confidence-Building Measures. This requires States Parties to the treaty to notify the Organization, if possible in advance, of any chemical explosion using 300 tonnes or greater of
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signed and ratified the treaty but subsequently withdrew its ratification prior to its entry into force. The organization's scientific reporting claims 2.4 million persons will eventually die from cancers developed as a result of atmospheric atomic tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.
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Parties will have equal and direct access to all IMS data, raw or processed, for verification as well as civilian uses. The Preparatory Commission has started the building and verification of the system of which as of 2023 about 90% was operational.
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When conducting an OSI, a number of detection techniques can be used. These techniques include position finding, visual observation, passive seismic measurements and radioactivity measurements including gamma radiation and radioactive noble gases such as
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agreement by at least 30 of the 51 members of the CTBTO's
Executive Council. An inspection area of up to 1000 square kilometres would be searched by a team of inspectors (up to 40). Only State Parties to the Treaty may submit a request for an OSI.
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by 44 States, listed in Annex 2 of the Treaty, which were designated to have a nuclear reactor or at least some advanced level of nuclear technology. As of
November 2023, 41 of these Annex 2 states have signed the treaty and 35 have ratified.
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for an initial period of up to 25 days. Further, for a continuation period of up to 60 days, more intrusive measurements can be used on-site including active and resonance seismic measurements as well as
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blasting material to be detonated. This is required in order to contribute to the timely resolution of any compliance concerns and to assist in the calibration of IMS stations.
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Data from all stations are transmitted to the CTBTO International Data Centre (IDC) in Vienna through a global private data network known as GCI, which is largely based on
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Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission § Global Communications Infrastructure (GCI) and International Data Centre (IDC)
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using air samplers to detect radioactive particles released from atmospheric explosions and/or vented from underground or under-water explosions.
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whose territory this event occurred, either directly or through the
Organization.
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Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
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Child, David. (10 December 2017). "Nuclear weapons: In conversation with ICAN".
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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation Preparatory Commission
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International Monitoring System (IMS) and Communications infrastructure
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that will be established upon the entry into force of the
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for analysis of samples from the radionuclide stations.
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Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
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154:in Germany
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219:satellite
281:See also
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204:stations
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114:and the
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69:Status
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