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Charles Darwin remarked (when it was called King James Island) that "...when we were left at James, we could not for some time find a spot free from their burrows on which to pitch our single tent". In the years since, entire populations (including all the animals on
Santiago Island) have been wiped
556:
species, which makes up nearly 80% of its diet. All parts of the plant are consumed, including the fruit, flowers, pads, and even the sharp spines. During the rainy season, land iguanas will drink from temporary vernal pools and other accumulated sources of water, and feast on the blousy, yellow
589:
Galápagos land iguanas become sexually mature anywhere between eight and fifteen years of age, depending on which island they are from. Mating season also varies between islands, but soon after mating, the females migrate to sandy areas to nest, laying 2–20 eggs in a burrow about 50 cm
605:
that shows a mixture of features from each species. The most likely unions tend to be between male marine iguanas and female land iguanas. Despite their long separation time and their being two distinct species from different genera, the offspring are viable, although likely sterile.
1279:
Narrative of the surveying voyages of His
Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and
706:
captive breeding program that has successfully reintroduced the species to Baltra and a number of other areas. Visitors today frequently see iguanas on both the runway of the Baltra airport or while they cross the road.
643:. The marine iguana diverged from the land iguana some 8 million years ago, which is older than any of the extant Galápagos islands. It is therefore thought that the ancestral species inhabited parts of the
702:, a smaller island just a few hundred metres north of Baltra, because he could not understand why no iguanas were present there. Hearst's translocated iguanas survived and became the breeding stock for the
459:
described the Galápagos land iguanas he observed as "ugly animals, of a yellowish orange beneath, and of a brownish-red colour above: from their low facial angle they have a singularly stupid appearance."
987:
678:
2075:
2121:
667:
1405:
614:
It is estimated that between 5,000 and 10,000 land iguanas are found throughout the Galápagos
Islands. These iguanas were so abundant on Santiago Island at one time that
467:, growing to a length of 0.9 to 1.5 m (3–5 ft), with a body weight of up to 13 kg (29 lb), depending upon which island they are from. Being
2005:
694:. These animals became extinct on Baltra by 1954, allegedly wiped out by soldiers stationed there who shot the iguanas for amusement. However, in the early 1930s,
2044:
2111:
1979:
2131:
2018:
834:
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archipelago that are now submerged. The two species remain mutually fertile in spite of being assigned to distinct genera, and they occasionally
1413:
1085:
MacLeod, A.; A. RodrĂguez; M. Vences; P. Orozco-terWengel; C. GarcĂa; F. Trillmich; G. Gentile; A. Caccone; G. Quezada; S. Steinfartz (2015).
1259:
1207:
1146:
918:
361:) separated about 8–10 million years ago (MYA). Within the land iguana genus, the oldest split (based on mtDNA—about 5.7 MYA) is between
2126:
1455:
440:(meaning "crested"), and refers to the low crest of spines along the animal's back, which is not as tall as in other iguanas, like the
886:
909:
Rassmann, Kornelia; Markmann, Melanie; Trillmich, Fritz; Tautz, Diethard (2004), "Tracing the
Evolution of the Galapagos Iguanas",
298:
1422:
672:
2023:
464:
933:
Gentile, Gabriele; Anna
Fabiani; Cruz Marquez; Howard L. Snell; Heidi M. Snell; Washington Tapia; Valerio Sbordonia (2009).
1743:
294:
1728:
1034:
Gabriele
Gentile; Anna Fabiani; Cruz Marquez; Howard L Snell; Heidi M Snell; Washington Tapia; Valerio Sbordoni (2009).
325:
and coloration among different populations. In addition to the relatively widespread, well-known Galápagos land iguana (
1931:
690:
Beginning in the early 1990s, the Galápagos land iguana has been the subject of an active reintroduction campaign on
542:. Because fresh water is scarce on the islands, the Galápagos land iguana obtains the bulk of its moisture from the
109:
1758:
1703:
2049:
1293:
Rassmann, K.; Tautz, D.; Trillmich, F.; Gliddon, C. (1997). "The micro – evolution of the Galápagos marine iguana
703:
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48:
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214:
845:
1966:
1940:
1697:
1686:
1671:
1651:
1228:
699:
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373:, indicated that the marine iguana split from the land iguana about 4.5 MYA; among the land iguanas,
322:
302:
274:
1410:
2116:
1868:
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or other dark-colored stones that naturally absorb the heat of the sun. By night, they sleep in
2010:
1953:
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1346:"Evolutionary age of the Galápagos iguanas predates the age of the present Galápagos Islands"
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1306:
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1098:
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is less clear; it has been questioned whether they are separate species. Based on mtDNA and
231:
1229:"Days and nights of the iguana: in the Galapagos, a devoted pair work to save land iguanas"
1087:"Hybridization masks speciation in the evolutionary history of the Galápagos marine iguana"
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2036:
1848:
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1046:(2). National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: 507–511.
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468:
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181:
121:
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945:(2). National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: 507–11.
844:. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands. 2006. Archived from
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1369:
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1910:
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1482:
632:
535:
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270:
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1984:
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and land iguanas overlap, the two sometimes interbreed, resulting in a
548:
543:
539:
278:
252:
151:
39:
590:(20 in) deep. The eggs hatch anywhere from 90 to 125 days later.
1997:
1814:
1476:
619:
out by introduced feral animals, such as pigs, rats, cats, and dogs.
553:
476:
256:
131:
1887:
1254:, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 9, 51, 91, 200,
988:"Explaining the Divergence of the Marine Iguana Subspecies on Espa"
2083:
677:
666:
658:
580:
506:
498:
429:
94:
88:
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to conserve their absorbed body heat. These iguanas also enjoy a
405:
of the central islands (Santa Cruz, Baltra and South Plaza), and
381:
split from each other about 1.5 MYA. The differentiation between
1139:
The Voyage of the Beagle: Charles Darwin's
Journal of Researches
488:
1971:
1891:
1507:
1437:
409:. Although the exact pattern is uncertain, it is possible that
913:, California: University of California Press, pp. 71–83,
732:
730:
698:
had translocated a population of land iguanas from Baltra to
1433:
1036:"An overlooked pink species of land iguana in the Galápagos"
935:"An overlooked pink species of land iguana in the Galapagos"
491:, providing relief to the iguanas and food for the birds.
1297:
assessed by nuclear and mitochondrial genetic analysis".
573:
The Galápagos land iguana has a 60- to 69-year lifespan.
1429:
Galápagos Land Iguana feeding on a cactus – video clip
873:
Birds, Mammals & Reptiles of the Galápagos
Islands
627:
Researchers theorize that Galápagos land iguanas and
519:; however, some individuals have shown that they are
369:. A more-recent study, which included both mtDNA and
1900:
1837:
1812:
1787:
1717:
1640:
1610:
1585:
1548:
1521:
1029:
1027:
870:
471:, they raise their body temperature by basking on
401:of the western islands (Isabela and Fernandina),
1449:
8:
1222:
1220:
1218:
762:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5240A3014082.en
737:Kumar, K.; Gentile, G.; Grant, T.D. (2020).
353:, the ancestors of today's land iguanas and
1141:, New York: Penguin Classics, p. 401,
1888:
1518:
1504:
1456:
1442:
1434:
1245:
1243:
1241:
904:
902:
900:
898:
842:Charles Darwin Research Station Fact Sheet
483:relationship with birds; the birds remove
465:is one of the largest lizards in the world
66:
47:
31:
2122:Endemic reptiles of the Galápagos Islands
1193:
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1189:
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1183:
1110:
1061:
1051:
999:
997:
960:
950:
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1202:, New York: Mallard Press, p. 144,
263:, and one of three species of the genus
829:
827:
825:
823:
716:
341:), of northern Isabela Island, and the
982:
980:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
329:), there are two other species within
321:The land iguanas of Galápagos vary in
1350:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1162:"The 10 Largest Lizards in The World"
7:
1282:, London: Henry Colburn, p. 488
748:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
635:since arriving on the islands from
1091:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1006:"Pink iguana rewrites family tree"
877:. Yale University Press. pp.
25:
1677:Honduran paleate spinytail iguana
1411:PBS:Destination Galápagos Islands
1004:Black, Richard (5 January 2009).
911:Iguanas: Biology and Conservation
2112:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1539:
1311:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00209.x
526:, supplementing their diet with
349:), of Santa Fe Island. Based on
108:
704:Charles Darwin Research Station
673:Charles Darwin Research Station
2132:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
1:
1744:Northern Bahamian rock iguana
1652:Northeastern spinytail iguana
511:Feeding on fallen cactus pads
1729:Turks and Caicos rock iguana
1394:Galápagos Conservation Trust
1252:Galapagos: A Natural History
869:Swash, A.; R. Still (2000).
651:where their ranges overlap.
1692:Guatemalan spinytail iguana
1667:Yellowback spinytail iguana
1344:Rassmann, Kornelia (1997).
597:, where the territories of
552:sp.), in addition to other
515:Land iguanas are primarily
2148:
2127:Reptiles described in 1831
1627:Galapagos pink land iguana
671:Yellow land iguana at the
463:The Galápagos land iguana
421:groups are to each other.
335:Galápagos pink land iguana
1597:Campeche spinytail iguana
1537:
1517:
1503:
1471:
1227:Rosenthal, Ellen (1997),
682:Galápagos land iguana on
220:
213:
105:Scientific classification
103:
86:
64:
55:
46:
34:
1749:Grand Cayman blue iguana
1682:Oaxacan spinytail iguana
1602:Yucatán spinytail iguana
1198:Rogers, Barbara (1990),
413:is closer to one of the
1946:Conolophus_subcristatus
1932:Conolophus subcristatus
1902:Conolophus subcristatus
1854:Angel Island chuckwalla
1829:Lesser Antillean iguana
1687:Roatán spinytail iguana
1425:at Animal Diversity Web
1423:Conolophus subcristatus
1295:Amblyrhynchus cristatus
1053:10.1073/pnas.0806339106
952:10.1073/pnas.0806339106
741:Conolophus subcristatus
696:William Randolph Hearst
436:(meaning "lesser"):and
393:, they fall into three
359:Amblyrhynchus cristatus
248:Conolophus subcristatus
224:Conolophus subcristatus
18:Conolophus subcristatus
1864:San Esteban chuckwalla
1804:Catalina desert iguana
1709:Black spinytail iguana
1362:10.1006/mpev.1996.0386
1250:Kricher, John (2006),
1103:10.1098/rspb.2015.0425
687:
675:
664:
631:evolved from a common
586:
512:
504:
452:Anatomy and morphology
285:coast, inhabiting the
1764:Anegada ground iguana
1759:Lesser Caymans iguana
1672:Cape spinytail iguana
1622:Galapagos land iguana
1561:Brachylophus bulabula
681:
670:
662:
584:
510:
502:
243:Galápagos land iguana
35:Galápagos land iguana
1859:Monserrat chuckwalla
1698:Ctenosaura pectinata
1632:Santa Fe land iguana
784:"Appendices | CITES"
700:North Seymour Island
684:North Seymour Island
623:Evolutionary history
428:is derived from the
417:groups than the two
343:Santa Fe land iguana
206:C. subcristatus
1774:San Salvador iguana
1662:Balsas armed lizard
1577:Fiji crested iguana
1406:galapagosonline.com
755:: e.T5240A3014082.
544:prickly-pear cactus
311:South Plaza islands
58:Conservation status
1869:Spotted chuckwalla
1779:Mona ground iguana
1416:2015-05-08 at the
1399:2007-10-10 at the
1097:(1809): 20150425.
688:
676:
665:
595:South Plaza Island
587:
513:
505:
495:Diet and longevity
424:The specific name
251:) is a very large
2099:
2098:
1894:Taxon identifiers
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1849:Common chuckwalla
1739:Rhinoceros iguana
1567:Lau banded iguana
1299:Molecular Ecology
1261:978-0-691-12633-3
1209:978-0-7924-5192-1
1148:978-0-14-043268-8
920:978-0-520-23854-1
275:Galápagos Islands
239:
238:
98:
81:
27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
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1334:. marinebio.org.
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1168:. 18 August 2021
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2077:
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1799:Desert iguana
1797:
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1553:
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1532:
1531:Marine iguana
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1523:Amblyrhynchus
1520:
1516:
1511:
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1496:
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1367:
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1337:
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1332:Marine Iguana
1328:
1325:
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1316:
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888:0-300-08864-7
884:
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851:on 2007-06-06
847:
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692:Baltra Island
685:
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650:
646:
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638:
637:South America
634:
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604:
603:hybrid iguana
600:
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563:
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541:
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528:invertebrates
525:
522:
521:opportunistic
518:
509:
501:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:volcanic rock
470:
466:
461:
458:
451:
449:
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446:Iguana iguana
443:
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303:North Seymour
300:
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215:Binomial name
212:
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96:
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85:
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63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2076:subcristatus
1901:
1838:
1824:Green iguana
1813:
1788:
1754:Cuban iguana
1718:
1696:
1657:Utila iguana
1641:
1621:
1611:
1586:
1559:
1551:Brachylophus
1549:
1522:
1373:. Retrieved
1353:
1349:
1339:
1327:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1278:
1269:
1251:
1232:
1199:
1170:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1138:
1129:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1043:
1039:
1014:. Retrieved
1009:
942:
938:
928:
910:
872:
864:
853:. Retrieved
846:the original
841:
791:. Retrieved
787:
778:
766:. Retrieved
752:
746:
740:
719:
689:
626:
613:
592:
588:
577:Reproduction
572:
565:
547:
514:
469:cold-blooded
462:
455:
445:
442:green iguana
437:
433:
426:subcristatus
425:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:monophyletic
391:cytochrome b
386:
382:
378:
374:
366:
362:
358:
346:
338:
330:
326:
320:
287:dry lowlands
264:
247:
246:
242:
240:
223:
221:
205:
204:
192:
29:
1993:iNaturalist
1926:Wikispecies
1790:Dipsosaurus
1172:12 February
990:. amnh.org.
768:17 November
517:herbivorous
411:C. pallidus
407:C. pallidus
387:C. pallidus
371:nuclear DNA
347:C. pallidus
331:Conolophus—
91:Appendix II
2117:Conolophus
2106:Categories
1840:Sauromalus
1643:Ctenosaura
1613:Conolophus
1572:Gau iguana
1375:18 January
1305:(5): 437.
855:2007-10-14
793:2022-01-14
711:References
616:naturalist
610:Population
532:centipedes
530:, such as
487:, such as
379:C. marthae
367:C. marthae
339:C. marthae
323:morphology
299:Santa Cruz
291:Fernandina
266:Conolophus
193:Conolophus
168:Suborder:
73:Vulnerable
1475:Kingdom:
1465:Iguanidae
1200:Galapagos
788:cites.org
649:hybridize
567:Portulaca
562:succulent
559:perennial
554:Cactaceae
536:arachnids
524:omnivores
485:parasites
481:symbiotic
438:cristatus
261:Iguanidae
200:Species:
182:Iguanidae
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
2084:Species+
2011:10476420
1911:Wikidata
1495:Squamata
1489:Reptilia
1483:Chordata
1481:Phylum:
1477:Animalia
1414:Archived
1397:Archived
1319:84822976
1280:remarks.
1277:(1839),
1137:(1989),
1121:26041359
1072:19124773
1010:BBC News
971:19124773
645:volcanic
633:ancestor
397:groups:
317:Taxonomy
269:. It is
178:Family:
162:Squamata
152:Reptilia
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
2024:1056066
1985:5224631
1917:Q301062
1720:Cyclura
1588:Cachryx
1512:species
1493:Order:
1487:Class:
1370:9126557
1233:Animals
1112:4590447
1063:2626733
962:2626733
879:118–119
641:rafting
585:Basking
549:Opuntia
540:carrion
503:Feeding
477:burrows
295:Isabela
283:Pacific
279:Ecuador
277:off of
273:to the
271:endemic
253:species
234:, 1831)
188:Genus:
172:Iguania
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
76: (
40:Miocene
1972:454869
1815:Iguana
1510:Extant
1368:
1317:
1258:
1206:
1145:
1119:
1109:
1070:
1060:
1016:20 May
969:
959:
917:
885:
564:genus
538:, and
432:words
309:, and
307:Baltra
257:lizard
2063:98320
2050:31140
2006:IRMNG
1998:35324
1959:5ZTW3
1315:S2CID
1012:. BBC
849:(PDF)
838:(PDF)
489:ticks
430:Latin
351:mtDNA
95:CITES
89:CITES
2089:4404
2045:NCBI
2037:5240
2032:IUCN
2019:ITIS
1980:GBIF
1377:2023
1366:PMID
1256:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1174:2022
1143:ISBN
1117:PMID
1068:PMID
1018:2017
967:PMID
915:ISBN
883:ISBN
770:2021
753:2020
663:Male
385:and
377:and
365:and
333:the
241:The
232:Gray
1967:EoL
1954:CoL
1941:ADW
1358:doi
1307:doi
1107:PMC
1099:doi
1095:282
1058:PMC
1048:doi
1044:106
957:PMC
947:doi
943:106
757:doi
593:On
534:or
448:).
434:sub
289:of
281:'s
255:of
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2086::
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2071:RD
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2008::
1995::
1982::
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1956::
1943::
1928::
1913::
1364:.
1352:.
1348:.
1313:.
1301:.
1240:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
