1993:
101:
1737:
1969:
1779:
1896:
1705:
1920:
1764:
1693:
1791:
1981:
1847:
1721:
1521:
1681:
1577:
670:
1832:
1820:
753:
1752:
2005:
1669:
1632:
1565:
1644:
1908:
1944:
2017:
580:
1871:
1604:
1592:
301:
1932:
1859:
718:
250:
153:
196:. Between 1895 and 1900, the two original powers were joined by Japan, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium – countries without concessions elsewhere in China – in establishing self-contained concessions each with their own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. The European settlements covered 5 square miles (13 km) in all, the riverfront being governed by foreign powers. After decades, the Japanese, French, and British concessions (which were situated on the right bank of the
942:
93:
1549:
36:
600:
2041:
352:
236:
462:
2029:
999:
662:
454:
1616:
413:
282:
588:
1533:
519:
128:. There were altogether nine foreign concessions in old Tianjin on the eve of World War II. These concessions also contributed to the rapid development of Tianjin from the early to mid-20th century. The first foreign concessions in Tianjin were granted in 1860. By 1943, all the foreign concessions, except the Japanese concession, had ceased to exist de facto.
1011:
concession, on the left bank of the Peiho River, was larger than any of the other foreign concessions, which according to the agreement was due to "Russian trade at
Tientsin being on the increase". In reality, Russian economic involvement in Tientsin was insignificant and became even more so after the Russian defeat in the
344:, theatre, pawnshop, school, barracks, prison, cemetery and hospital. It also contained the Austro-Hungarian consulate and its citizens were under Austro-Hungarian, not Chinese rule. Despite its relatively short life-span, the Austrians left their mark on the area, as can be seen in the Austrian architecture in the city.
1992:
1010:
in
Tianjin was signed 31 December 1900. Even before the official treaty was signed, the general in charge of the Russian forces in the city since the Boxer Rebellion had already laid claim to the future concession by right of conquest and Russian troops had already begun placing boundary markers. The
432:
and electric lighting in the city. In 1906, with the opening of the first route of the tramway system, Tianjin became the first
Chinese city to have a modern public transportation system (Shanghai had to wait until 1908 to get electric tramways). The supply of electricity and lighting and the trolley
347:
The administration was done by a town council composed of local high-class noblemen and headed by the Austro-Hungarian consul and the military commander, the two of them had a majority vote. The focus of the juridical system was on smaller crimes and it was based on Austro-Hungarian law. If a
Chinese
653:
was situated between the
British and one of the Japanese concessions. In July 1877 xenophobic groups threatened the life and property of German merchants in Tianjin. Local unrest intensified, mainly due to poor harvests and resulting famine, and Tianjin business interests requested armed protection.
211:
managed a restructuring of
Chinese domestic and foreign relations, allowing it to recognize European states as equals. In turn, the concessions in Tianjin were dismantled in the early to mid-20th century with successful recognition of the European states of the Republic of China, which gave European
1720:
595:
The French concession was established in 1860. After more than 100 years, almost every prominent building in the original concession is still extant, including the French
Consulate, the Municipal Council, the French Club, the Catholic Cathedral, the French Garden and many others. Many of the bank
261:
concession was administered from 1869 to 1880, principally under the aegis of the
British mission. In 1902, the informal American territory became part of the British concession. The United States maintained a permanent garrison at Tianjin, which was provided from January 1912 to 1938 by the
1692:
767:
When
Tianjin became in danger of being stormed by warring factions during the civil war of 1927–1928, Italian troops temporarily occupied the Second Special District of the city in order to protect the city's power station and main railway station. They withdrew after a short while.
619:
who conducted research in
Tianjin from 1914 to 1939. He founded the Musee Hoang-Ho Pai-Ho (Museum of Yellow River and Peiho River) and left it 20,000 specimens of animals, plants and fossils, as well as 15,000 books. In 1998, the Tianjin government rebuilt the Tianjin Nature Museum.
440:
was taken over by the Japanese army in 1943 and the members of the Belgian staff, often with their families, were sent to internment camps. Following the end of World War II, the Chinese authorities took over the network. The Brussels-based company tried to get compensation, but the
1778:
277:
Lloyd Horne recalled of his time there in the 1930s, "I was detailed with the 15th Infantry to rescue missionaries that were being trapped there. It was like they were prisoners — they couldn't even come out of their billets without getting fired on or having rocks thrown at them."
1736:
1790:
409:), the Belgian government and business community did not invest in development of the concession. The concession was nominal and of little value and an agreement to return the concession to China was signed in August 1929 and approved by the Belgian parliament in 1931.
1968:
694:
China swiftly occupied the German concession after it declared war on the Central Powers in August 1917. In 1919, the former concession, renamed the "First Special District", was placed under the permanent administration of the Chinese government. The United States
1919:
1751:
2067:
The former German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian concessions, respectively renamed the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Special Districts, survived as distinct administrative entities administered by the Chinese government under a regime similar to that of the remaining foreign
1763:
681:
region in 1898 with a 99-year lease, a further concession was negotiated for the Tianjin enclave and economic growth escalated with infrastructure improvements. Major trading houses and diverse enterprises established themselves, including a branch of the
1704:
502:
1668:
136:
Prior to the 19th century, the Chinese were concerned that European trade and missionary activity would upset the order of the empire. Strictly controlled and subject to import tariffs, European traders were limited to operating in
487:
The local management was entrusted to a municipal council organized on lines similar to those in Shanghai. The seat of government was the stately Gordon Hall, situated on the financial street called Victoria Road (now Jiefang Lu).
2141:[The number of Hungarian nationality soldiers dispatched abroad according to the re-enlisting papers emitted by the Royal and Imperial joint Minister of Military affairs sorted by their place of enlisting (dispatchment)].
1680:
328:
On December 27, 1902, Austria-Hungary gained a concession zone in Tianjin as part of the reward for its contribution to the Alliance. The Austro-Hungarian concession zone was 150 acres (0.61 km) in area, situated next to the
479:
below the native city, occupying some 200 acres (0.81 km). It was held on a lease in perpetuity granted by the Chinese government to the British Crown, which sublet plots to private owners in the same way as was done at
1895:
100:
1846:
1520:
1591:
1576:
690:
of 1900 initially laid siege to the foreign concessions in Tianjin, but the city was secured and used as a staging area for the eventual march on Peking by the eight-nation international relief forces.
220:
seized the concessions of powers allied against it during its occupation of the country. Starting with Britain in 1943, all foreign powers relinquished their concessions in China, including in Tianjin.
420:
Much more important were contracts involving railways, electric power systems and tramways built and partly operated by Belgian private companies. In 1904, China and Belgium signed a contract with the
961:(IJA) occupied the entire city of Tianjin excluding the foreign concessions. These were occupied in 1941 and in 1943. The Japanese concession ceased to exist with the capitulation of Japan in 1945.
725:
On September 7, 1901, Italy was granted a concession in Tianjin from the Chinese government. On June 7, 1902, the Italians took control of the concession, which was to be administered by an Italian
1831:
1980:
1564:
2040:
2139:"A magyar korona területén kivül tartózkodott magyar honos katonák a cs. és kir. közös hadügyminiszter által megküldött számlálólapok alapján, összeirási (tartózkodási) helyük szerint"
1819:
1643:
2458:
658:
to China. This initial show of support eventually evolved into a permanent presence in Chinese waters by initially modest German naval forces. It have total area of 2 km
1631:
2004:
1603:
325:(1899–1901). Austria-Hungary together with Italy sent the smallest force of the Eight-Nation Alliance. Four cruisers and 296 Hungarian enlisted soldiers were dispatched.
1870:
337:
and the Tianjin-Beijing railway track. Its population was around 30,000 people. Order was maintained by 40 Austro-Hungarian marines and 80 Chinese militia (Shimbo).
781:
540:
1907:
1943:
1548:
2155:(census). Magyar statisztikai közlemények (in Hungarian). Vol. 5 (new ed.). Budapest: Pesti Könyvnyomda-Részvénytársaság. p. 31. Archived from
1615:
433:
business were profitable ventures. By 1914, the network covered the Chinese city as well as the Austrian, French, Italian, Japanese and Russian concessions.
2107:
1858:
631:
climbed to the top of the dome to destroy the cross, though later the Tianjin government not only repaired the cross but also renovated the entire church.
379:). The former Austro-Hungarian concession renamed the "Second Special District", was placed under the permanent administration of the Chinese government.
2028:
2016:
1931:
752:
669:
2301:
2138:
801:
2438:
2433:
445:
in 1949 left them without any indemnity. Two more lines were built under Chinese administration, but the network was finally closed around 1972.
2357:
777:(Italian Royal Navy) stationed some vessels in Tianjin. During World War II, the concession had a garrison of approximately 600 Italian troops.
2448:
1838:
696:
372:
295:
263:
2453:
649:
was on a course of extensive economic involvement in several Chinese provinces, among them the Tianjin area. The German enclave south of the
1532:
363:, unable to maintain control of its concession. The concession zone was swiftly occupied by China at the Chinese declaration of war on the
57:
2403:
1757:
The Exhibition of Industrial Encouragement, built in 1928, was one of the largest department stores and historical landmarks in Tianjin.
498:
The Japanese occupied the British concession upon their declaration of war against Britain on 7 December 1941 until the end of the war.
804:. The Italians were never to regain control over the concession and the Republic of Italy's surrender of all its rights over it by the
208:
2267:
805:
566:
79:
1698:
The International Bridge, or Settlement Bridge, built in 1927, was a movable bridge and one of the historical landmarks in Tianjin.
505:, ratified on 20 May 1943, although the Chinese could not take possession until the end of the war ended the Japanese occupation.
2443:
2216:
1285:
1018:
The 398 hectares (3.98 km) concession was divided into two non-contiguous districts (east and west). In 1920, the Chinese
984:
divorced Puyi in Tianjin, which was the first time in Chinese dynastic history that an imperial concubine divorced an emperor.
925:
900:
1727:
712:
544:
230:
1582:
180:
made it one of the premier ports of northern China. Foreign trade was approved there for the British and French by the 1860
2428:
993:
918:
579:
470:
388:
270:
and all territories of the United States and the British Empire in Asia and the Pacific faced the threat of attack by the
2385:
2285:
1742:
1497:
1219:
1207:
640:
442:
300:
764:
the Austrian concession, but withdrew from it in 1919 (while annexing some minor sections of this former concession).
596:
buildings along the financial street (currently Jiefang Lu, formerly the Rue de France) are still in existence today.
425:
1213:
1189:
529:
475:
The British concession, which contained the trade and financial centres, was situated on the right bank of the river
50:
44:
1183:
611:
The villas around the Garden Road are beautiful and diverse. Many French celebrities lived in Tianjin. Among them,
548:
533:
717:
249:
152:
61:
1797:
1674:
The Executive Office of the French Concession, built in 1929, is now a national, historical, and cultural site.
92:
2343:
1726:
The Gulf Building (or Po Hai Building), built in 1937, was the tallest building in Tientsin before the 1960s.
1711:
1255:
1237:
266:, US Army and then by the US Marine Corps until December 8, 1941, the day that the United States entered the
145:. Following a series of military defeats against Britain and France, Qing China were slowly forced to permit
1597:
The Astor Hotel on Victoria Road, built in 1886, was one of the oldest structures in the British concession.
1291:
1273:
1177:
950:
941:
789:
730:
726:
678:
2156:
2149:
Census of 1901 in the countries of the Holy Crown: Volume III. The detailed description of the population.
1124:
958:
785:
700:
1261:
1249:
2411:
1279:
1134:
1052:
599:
351:
318:
157:
1225:
412:
2144:
A magyar szent korona országainak 1901. évi népszámlálása: Harmadik rész. A népesség részletes leirása
1925:
Current statue and houses on Piazza Regina Elena, which is now a national historical and cultural site
235:
149:
for foreign nationals and even cessions of Chinese sovereignty over certain ports and mineral rights.
2361:
2142:
1539:
1297:
1267:
771:
In 1935, the Italian Concession had a population of about 6,261, including about 536 foreigners. The
2179:
1171:
624:
334:
165:
146:
2322:
2219:[The family of economic scientists, Joseph Alois Schumpeter in the 19th and 20th century]
1231:
1155:
1622:
1555:
1387:
1103:
1019:
1012:
628:
117:
2217:"Die Familie des Wirtschaftswissenschaftlers Joseph Alois Schumpeter im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert"
1784:
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of the Franco-Chinese building on Rue de France built in 1933
998:
461:
2046:
Jing Garden aka. Garden of Serenity (静园), where the former emperor Puyi lived from 1927 to 1931
604:
453:
2263:
1418:
1326:
1195:
1023:
976:
in Beijing and lived in Tianjin until 1931 when he was forcibly taken by the Japanese army to
661:
492:
376:
181:
2400:
2309:
2257:
2390:
2253:
734:
394:
267:
2407:
2289:
1769:
1433:
1310:
1201:
954:
699:
was billeted in the former German barracks from 1917 until 1938, departing only after the
687:
398:
322:
314:
281:
271:
217:
204:
189:
2358:"Bristol University | Tianjin under Nine Flags, 1860-1949 | Russian Concession"
1796:
Li Chi-fu's Mansion near the French Garden, built in 1918, now serves as the seat of the
2101:
587:
1007:
973:
364:
2228:
17:
2422:
2096:
1439:
646:
1381:
1375:
1243:
1109:
1027:
965:
905:
797:
793:
773:
616:
612:
371:
in the same city. Austria finally abandoned all claim to it on September 10, 1919 (
213:
121:
113:
949:
The Japanese concession was initially established in 1898 in the aftermath of the
124:
to a number of European countries, the United States and Japan within the city of
518:
360:
348:
person committed a crime on Chinese soil he could be tried in their own courts.
1369:
1348:
503:
Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China
1686:
The Municipal Council of the French Concession on Rue de France, built in 1934
367:
and on 14 August 1917 the lease was terminated, along with that of the larger
2282:
2123:
737:
troops in the defeated Austro-Hungarian empire), that fought in 1919 against
257:
The United States never requested or received a concession in Tianjin, but a
2395:
746:
650:
476:
402:
197:
193:
177:
169:
138:
2302:
Italy’s Informal Imperialism in Tianjin during the Liberal Epoch, 1902–1922
1772:, built in 1872, was one of the oldest structure in the French concession.
501:
The British concession in Tianjin was formally returned to China with the
185:
2111:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 963.
742:
341:
173:
125:
981:
977:
481:
355:
Yuan's mansion in the Austro-Hungarian concession, built in 1908–1918
330:
184:. Its importance increased even further when it was connected to the
1974:
Butoku Hall, one of the latest structures in the Japanese concession
1015:. For this reason, the concession remained largely underdeveloped.
397:
claimed the parcel in the negotiations following the defeat of the
393:
The Belgian Concession was established in 1902 after Belgian envoy
192:, the railroad that eventually connected all of northern China and
997:
940:
751:
738:
716:
668:
660:
598:
586:
578:
460:
452:
429:
411:
350:
280:
248:
234:
142:
104:
Western ships anchored alongside the European concessions in 1874
969:
491:
The British concession was blockaded by the Japanese during the
2100:
2034:
Zhang Villa, where former emperor Puyi lived from 1925 to 1927
761:
512:
29:
1570:
Victoria Restaurant, built in 1940, now Kiessling Restaurant
756:
The Italian World War I monument and the Piazza Regina Elena
212:
property owners equality before Chinese officials. However,
2308:, Cambridge University Press, 2016, available on CJO2016,
665:
Street in the German concession on the eve of World War I
623:
The dome of the French Cathedral was damaged during the
2259:
Foreigners and Foreign Institutions in Republican China
953:
and additional areas were added in 1900–1902 after the
615:(consul 1906 - 1909), and the natural scientist Father
465:
British Indian troops on parade in Tianjin in the 1920s
375:), Hungary made a similar recognition on June 4, 1920 (
2137:
Magyar Királyi Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (1907) .
1022:
retook the land and concession from Russia during its
654:
The German admiralty then dispatched the corvette SMS
304:
Troops of the Austro-Hungarian naval corps in Tianjin
1649:
Prince Ching's Mansion in the Extra Rural Extension
1609:
The British Consul-General's Mansion, built in 1937
1494:
Konstantin Viktorovich Uspensky (1913–1914, acting)
863:
853:
841:
833:
818:
285:
American Marines in Tianjin, (c.1930s, early 1940s)
368:
1526:The HSBC Building on Victoria Road, built in 1925
495:in June 1939, causing a major diplomatic crisis.
1852:The Pei-Ho Conservancy Commission, built in 1911
1488:Nikolai Sergeievich Muliukin (1909–1910, acting)
438:Compagnie de tramways et d'éclairage de Tientsin
422:Compagnie de tramways et d'éclairage de Tientsin
2124:"World War II vet recalls battle on two fronts"
1161:Sir Alwyne George Neville Ogden (1941, acting)
164:Tianjin's position at the intersection of the
2459:States and territories disestablished in 1902
945:Asahi Road, Japanese concession (c.1928-1940)
721:British and Italian units marching in Tianjin
8:
2210:
2208:
1172:Louis Charles Nicolas Maximilien de Montigny
1621:The auditorium of Tienchin Kung Hsueh (now
1286:Louis Charles (consul-general)Louis Charles
547:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
416:Main street in the Belgian concession, 1907
253:Troops of the 15th Infantry on parade, 1931
27:Former concession territories of Qing China
1876:The Queue General's Mansion, built in 1899
815:
340:The self-contained concession had its own
2283:Headquarter building of Italy in Tientsin
1745:, Tientsin branch building, built in 1921
1118:Benjamin Charles George Scott (1897–1899)
782:Italy signed an armistice with the Allies
760:The Italians occupied temporarily during
567:Learn how and when to remove this message
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1864:The Tung Kuang Building on Wilhelmstraße
1714:Building on Rue de France, built in 1912
1002:The Russian consulate in Tianjin in 1912
802:Reorganized National Government of China
457:Victoria Road, British concession, 1920s
299:
216:disrupted this nascent development: the
151:
99:
91:
43:This article includes a list of general
2081:
2060:
1964:
1891:
1815:
1664:
1516:
1491:Khristophor Petrovic Kristi (1910–1913)
1030:renounced its claim on the concession.
290:Austro-Hungarian concession (1901–1917)
1482:Nikolai Vasilievich Laptev (1903–1907)
1006:A treaty granting a concession to the
296:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
239:Postcard from the American concession
1558:House on Victoria Road, built in 1896
1542:House on Victoria Road, built in 1926
1485:Nikolai Maksimovich Poppe (1907–1909)
862:
852:
848:
784:, the concession was occupied by the
401:. Located on the eastern bank of the
7:
1913:Italian Army barracks, built in 1916
1901:The Italian consulate, built in 1916
1585:, or Episcopal Church, built in 1936
729:. It became the headquarters of the
545:adding citations to reliable sources
673:The German Boxer War Memorial, 1905
607:in Tianjin during the 1928 troubles
200:) became the most prosperous ones.
2215:Jens Budischowsky (May 28, 2010).
1949:Sacred Heart Church, built in 1922
1937:North China Conservancy Commission
1220:Jean Marie Guy Georges du Chaylard
1208:Jean Marie Guy Georges du Chaylard
1143:James William Jamieson (1926–1930)
1121:William Richard Carles (1899–1901)
808:, was therefore a mere formality.
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2323:"Il Battaglione Italiano in Cina"
1998:Matsushima Girls' Business School
1637:Tientsin Synagogue, built in 1940
1152:Edgar George Jamieson (1938–1939)
964:In 1924, the last emperor of the
837:Concession of the Empire of Japan
2396:Tianjin Museum of Modern History
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1830:
1825:The German Club on Wilhelmstraße
1818:
1789:
1777:
1762:
1750:
1735:
1719:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1642:
1630:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1575:
1563:
1547:
1531:
1519:
1332:Paul Max von Eckardt (1902–1905)
1115:Henry Barnes Bristow (1893–1897)
1044:Austro-Hungarian consuls-general
923:
898:
517:
34:
2386:Concession Buildings in Tianjin
1427:Tatsuichiro Funatsu (1919–1921)
1335:Hubert von Knipping (1906–1913)
1323:Dr. Rudolf Eiswaldt (1896–1900)
1214:Arnold Jacques Antoine Vissière
1140:William Pollock Ker (1917–1926)
1130:Sir Alexander Hosie (1908–1912)
1099:William Hyde Lay (1870, acting)
1083:Alphonse van Cutsem (1923–1929)
812:Japanese concession (1898–1945)
373:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
225:American concession (1869–1902)
2439:Tourist attractions in Tianjin
2434:Foreign concessions in Tianjin
1728:Tianjin World Financial Center
988:Russian concession (1900–1920)
820:Japanese concession of Tianjin
796:'s Japanese-sponsored Chinese
792:(RSI) ceded the concession to
707:Italian concession (1901–1943)
449:British concession (1860–1943)
383:Belgian concession (1902–1931)
231:American concession of Tianjin
110:foreign concessions in Tianjin
1:
2449:European colonisation in Asia
2310:doi:10.1017/S0018246X15000461
2122:Eileen Wilson (30 May 2011).
1466:Tashiro Shigenori (1938–1939)
1409:Kato Motoshiro (1907, acting)
1354:Giuseppe Chiostri (1904–1906)
1202:Marie Jacques Achille Raffray
1149:John Barr Affleck (1935–1938)
994:Russian concession of Tianjin
919:Republic of China (1912-1949)
713:Italian concession of Tianjin
635:German concession (1899–1917)
509:French concession (1860–1946)
471:British concession of Tianjin
389:Belgian concession of Tianjin
305:
240:
2454:1902 establishments in China
1743:The National Commercial Bank
1498:Pyotr Genrikhovich Tiedemann
1457:Kurihara Tadashi (1933–1934)
1363:Marcello Roddolo (1920–1921)
1338:Fritz Wendschuch (1913–1917)
1104:Chaloner Grenville Alabaster
780:On September 10, 1943, when
733:(an "Italian legio" made of
641:German concession of Tianjin
443:Chinese Communist Revolution
359:Austria-Hungary was, due to
2227:(in German). Archived from
2182:[Our Little China]
1839:U.S. 15th Infantry Regiment
1472:Shinichi Takase (1943–1945)
1463:Horiuchi Tateki (1936–1938)
1460:Kawagoe Shigeru (1934–1936)
1454:Kuwashima Kazue (1931–1933)
1451:Tajiri Akiyoshi (1930–1931)
1406:Hikokichi Ijuin (1902–1907)
1366:Luigi Gabrielli (1921–1924)
1360:Vincenzo Fileti (1912–1920)
1357:Oreste Da Vella (1906–1911)
1320:von Seckendorff (1889–1896)
1316:Albert Evan Edwin Reinhold
1061:Hugo Schumpeter (1913–1917)
677:After Germany acquired the
147:extraterritorial privileges
2475:
1448:Okamoto Takezo (1929–1930)
1445:Kato Sotomatsu (1927–1929)
1430:Yagi Motohachi (1921–1922)
1424:Ishii Itaro (1918, acting)
1400:Minoji Arakawa (1895–1896)
1146:Lancelot Giles (1928–1934)
1074:Albert Disière (1906–1914)
991:
972:, was forced to leave the
710:
638:
468:
386:
333:river and outlined by the
293:
228:
2344:"即将暂别！这座百年大楼装着几代天津人的成长记忆"
2262:. Routledge. p. 27.
1469:Kato Shigeshi (1942–1943)
1412:Obata Yukichi (1907–1913)
1080:Ernest Franck (1919–1923)
1077:Auguste Dauge (1914–1919)
1058:Miloslav Kobr (1908–1912)
1049:Carl Bernauer (1901–1908)
980:. The imperial concubine
877:
873:
849:
828:
2401:Tianjin under Nine Flags
2256:; Douglas Brown (2012).
1415:Kubota Bunzo (1913–1914)
1403:Tei Nagamasa (1896–1902)
1395:Japanese consuls-generas
1256:Henri Séraphin Bourgeois
1238:Henri Séraphin Bourgeois
1190:Ernest François Fournier
1096:James Mongan (1860–1877)
1071:Henri Ketels (1902–1906)
1039:Lists of consuls-general
684:Deutsch-Asiatische Bank.
424:, giving the company an
2444:Former colonies in Asia
2288:March 23, 2011, at the
2108:Encyclopædia Britannica
1770:The Church of St. Louis
1477:Russian consuls-general
1343:Italian consuls-general
1091:British consuls-general
1086:Tony Snyers (1929–1931)
1066:Belgian consuls-general
951:First Sino-Japanese War
790:Italian Social Republic
731:Italian Legione Redenta
645:By the late 1870s, the
64:more precise citations.
2306:The Historical Journal
1305:German consuls-general
1292:Charles Jean Lépissier
1274:Charles Jean Lépissier
1178:Henri Victor Fontanier
1166:French consuls-general
1125:Lionel Charles Hopkins
1003:
959:Imperial Japanese Army
946:
865:• Disestablished
786:Imperial Japanese Army
757:
722:
701:Imperial Japanese Army
674:
666:
608:
592:
584:
466:
458:
417:
356:
311:
286:
254:
246:
161:
118:concession territories
105:
97:
96:Map of the concessions
18:Concessions of Tianjin
2412:University of Bristol
2391:WorldStatesmen: China
1712:Banque de l'Indochine
1135:Henry English Fulford
1053:Erwin Ritter von Zach
1001:
944:
788:. Later in 1943, the
755:
720:
672:
664:
602:
590:
582:
464:
456:
415:
354:
319:Eight-Nation Alliance
303:
284:
252:
238:
158:Eight-Nation Alliance
155:
103:
95:
2429:Concessions in China
2022:Lu Chung-lin's house
2010:The Old Silk Company
1388:Ferruccio Stefenelli
806:peace treaty of 1947
741:'s Soviet troops in
603:French armoured car
583:Bastille Day in 1911
541:improve this section
321:that suppressed the
317:participated in the
2346:. 23 February 2023.
2225:www.schumpeter.info
1986:Tsao Ju-lin's house
1958:Japanese concession
1730:can be seen behind.
1262:Jean Émile Saussine
1250:Camille Gaston Kahn
1024:widescale civil war
855:• Established
625:Cultural Revolution
188:coal fields by the
2406:2016-03-05 at the
2180:"A mi Kis Khinánk"
2178:Géza Szuk (1904).
2126:. granitbaypt.com.
1885:Italian concession
1623:Yaohua High School
1583:All Saints' Church
1510:British concession
1280:Pierre Jean Crépin
1026:, and in 1924 the
1020:Beiyang government
1013:Russo-Japanese War
1004:
947:
758:
723:
675:
667:
609:
593:
585:
467:
459:
428:for 50 years over
418:
357:
312:
287:
255:
247:
162:
116:as Tientsin) were
106:
98:
1809:German concession
1658:French concession
1419:Matsudaira Tsuneo
1327:Arthur Zimmermann
1226:Marie-Henri Leduc
1196:Paul Ristelhueber
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
911:
910:
703:entered Tianjin.
577:
576:
569:
493:Tientsin incident
426:official monopoly
377:Treaty of Trianon
369:German concession
209:Republic of China
182:Peking Convention
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
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2373:
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2370:
2369:
2360:. Archived from
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2102:"Tientsin"
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2007:
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160:, Tianjin, 1900
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2157:the original
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2068:concessions.
2063:
1317:
1244:Paul Claudel
1232:Émile Rocher
1156:Oswald White
1110:Byron Brenan
1028:Soviet Union
1017:
1005:
966:Qing dynasty
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906:Qing Dynasty
888:Succeeded by
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421:
419:
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399:Boxer rebels
392:
358:
346:
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327:
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276:
258:
256:
214:World War II
202:
163:
135:
122:Qing dynasty
109:
107:
76:
67:
48:
2328:23 November
2238:January 20,
2163:January 19,
1800:government.
1500:(1914–1920)
1442:(1925–1927)
1436:(1922–1925)
1421:(1914–1919)
1390:(1938–1943)
1384:(1932–1938)
1378:(1927–1932)
1372:(1925–1927)
1370:Guido Segre
1351:(1901–1903)
1349:Cesare Poma
1329:(1900–1902)
1313:(1881–1885)
1300:(1943–1946)
1294:(1938–1943)
1288:(1937–1938)
1282:(1935–1937)
1276:(1931–1935)
1270:(1929–1931)
1264:(1918–1923)
1258:(1913–1918)
1252:(1909–1912)
1246:(1906–1909)
1234:(1903–1906)
1228:(1902–1903)
1222:(1898–1902)
1216:(1897–1898)
1210:(1894–1897)
1204:(1891–1894)
1198:(1884–1891)
1192:(1883–1884)
1186:(1870–1883)
1180:(1869–1870)
1174:(1863–1868)
1158:(1939–1941)
1137:(1912–1917)
1127:(1901–1908)
1112:(1885–1893)
1106:(1877–1885)
883:Preceded by
735:irredentist
361:World War I
244: 1900
198:Peiho River
172:connecting
166:Grand Canal
70:August 2012
62:introducing
2423:Categories
2368:2015-09-24
2198:2011-01-19
2076:References
629:Red Guards
207:, the new
112:(formerly
45:references
1505:Galleries
829:1898–1945
747:Manchuria
651:Hai River
605:White TBC
528:does not
403:Hai River
203:With the
194:Manchuria
178:Bohai Bay
170:Hai River
114:romanized
2404:Archived
2286:Archived
1318:Freiherr
259:de facto
218:Japanese
186:Tangshan
168:and the
842:History
743:Siberia
549:removed
534:sources
342:thermae
176:to the
174:Beijing
126:Tianjin
58:improve
2266:
2153:(scan)
2151:]
1240:(1906)
1055:(1908)
982:Wenxiu
978:Dalian
845:
834:Status
800:, the
727:consul
482:Hankou
407:Hai He
331:Pei-Ho
139:Canton
47:, but
2232:(PDF)
2221:(PDF)
2184:(PDF)
2147:[
2055:Notes
1034:Annex
823:天津日租界
739:Lenin
656:Luise
477:Haihe
430:trams
143:Macao
2330:2014
2264:ISBN
2240:2011
2165:2011
1710:The
1554:The
1538:The
1133:Sir
1102:Sir
970:Puyi
869:1945
859:1898
745:and
686:The
532:any
530:cite
436:The
141:and
108:The
2410:at
762:WW1
543:by
2425::
2304:,
2223:.
2207:^
2192:18
2190:.
2186:.
2105:.
2084:^
968:,
749:.
484:.
306:c.
274:.
241:c.
2371:.
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