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898:, which had been under Korean jurisdiction from the turn of the 17th century but was (unbeknownst to the Koreans until the 1880s) ceded to Russia in the treaty, remains formally unresolved, as only one of two Korean jurisdictions/governments have accepted a border agreement with Russia. North Korea and the USSR signed a border treaty in 1985 officially certifying the Russian-North Korean border as running through the center of the
181:
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which left the now-peninsula of
Noktundo on the Russian side of the border. This agreement is not recognized by South Korea, which has since demanded Noktundo's return to Korean jurisdiction (ostensibly this would be North Korean jurisdiction, with the expectation of unified Korean control after an
1037:
With the view of law and order in and about the harbour of Hong-kong, His
Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to cede to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and to Her Heirs and Successors, to have and to hold as a dependency of Her Britannic Majesty's Colony of Hongkong,
773:
Article 6 of the
Convention between China and France stipulated that "the religious and charitable establishments which were confiscated from Christians during the persecutions of which they were victims shall be returned to their owners through the French Minister in China".
833:. This was not known to the Koreans until the 1880s (20 or so years after the signing of the treaty, to which Korea was not a party), at which point it became a matter of official protest as the Koreans asserted that the Qing had no authority to cede Noktundo to Russia.
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The original plan was to burn down the
Forbidden City as punishment for the mistreatment of Anglo-French prisoners by Qing officials. Because doing so would jeopardize the treaty signing, the plan shifted to burning the
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to Harry Smith Parkes, Esquire, Companion of the Bath, a Member of the Allied
Commission at Canton, on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty's Government, by Lau Tsung-kwang, Governor-General of the two Kwang.
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was originally negotiated for lease in March, but in few months' time, the
Convention of Peking ended the lease, and ceded the land formally to the British on 24 October.
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Article 6 of the
Convention between China and the United Kingdom stipulated that China was to cede the part of Kowloon Peninsula south of present-day
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Harris, David. Van Slyke, Lyman P. (2000). Of Battle and Beauty: Felice Beato's
Photographs of China. University of California Press.
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to the
Russian Empire, a total of 400,000 square kilometers, with Russia achieving the strategic goal of sealing off Chinese access to the
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Hong Kong
Government Gazette - "Convention of Peace Between Her Majesty and the Emperor of China, signed at Peking, October 24th, 1860"
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27:"Treaty of Peking" redirects here. For the 1887 treaty signed by the Qing dynasty of China and Kingdom of Portugal, see
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In addition to ceding territory that had been ruled by the Qing dynasty, the treaty also ceded territory under
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1172:[The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea] (in Russian). ru.apircenter.org.
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that portion of the township of Cowloon, in the province of Kwang-Tung, of which a lease was granted in
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Naquin, Susan. (2000). Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900. University of California Press.
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jurisdiction, notably the island (by that time and currently a peninsula at the southernmost end of
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1124:"[Visual History of Korea] Do or die naval battles defined Adm. Yi Sun-sin as hero"
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Cole, Herbert M. "Origins of the French Protectorate over Catholic Missions in China."
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in 1984, under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with
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The treaty also confirmed the cession of the entirety of what is now known as
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732:, 2 November 1860, just days after he signed the treaty on 24 October 1860.
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Full text of the Convention of Peking between China and the United Kingdom
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was compelled to sign two treaties on behalf of the Qing government with
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1860 unequal treaty between Qing China and Britain, France, and Russia
1169:ŠŃŠ¾Š±Š»ŠµŠ¼Š° Š¾ŃŃŃŠ¾Š²Š° ŠŠ¾ŠŗŃŃŠ½Š“Š¾ Š² ŃŃŠµŠ“ŃŃŠ²Š°Ń
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916:
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building immediately south of the Forbidden City on 24 October 1860.
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instead. The treaties with France and Britain were signed in the
2105:
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1254:
Full text of the Convention of Peking between China and Russia
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Full text of the Convention of Peking between China and France
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marking the 1860 treaty as a "national humiliation" for China.
1456:
Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation (2001)
2616:
Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
1437:
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (1950)
868:
Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong
298:
1225:
A timeline of the history of Hong Kong from 1840 to 1999
1195:
http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh100/diplomatic/page_en02.html
1033:, Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government, 1860 , p. 270
911:
An original copy of the convention is located in the
256:
886:), was to be transferred to the PRC on 1 July 1997.
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2621:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
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1451:Russian Federation and People's Republic of China
1197:Republic of China's Diplomatic Archives (English)
681:. Following the decisive defeat of the Chinese,
469:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
2021:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
669:On 18 October 1860, at the culmination of the
2441:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2412:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1480:
1281:
998:A biographical sketch-book of early Hong Kong
618:
226:
212:
8:
673:, the British and French troops entered the
417:Japanese occupation (1941ā1945)
39:
1430:Soviet Union and People's Republic of China
2896:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801ā1922)
2710:
1509:
1487:
1473:
1465:
1288:
1274:
1266:
645:is an agreement comprising three distinct
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315:
235:
38:
2101:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
1157:(Information on international agreements)
1950:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1421:Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (1945)
956:
954:
2557:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
950:
527:
339:
323:
319:This article is part of a series on the
2911:Treaties involving territorial changes
1176:from the original on 10 September 2013
1148:ŠŠ½ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š°ŃŠøŃ Š¾ Š¼ŠµŠ¶Š“ŃŠ½Š°ŃŠ¾Š“Š½ŃŃ
ŃŠ¾Š³Š»Š°ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŃŃ
194:
2855:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2096:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1212:American Journal of International Law
790:. It granted Russia the right to the
7:
2956:Treaties of the Second French Empire
2076:Ministry of Posts and Communications
1383:Russian Empire and Republic of China
1065:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2824:History of Qing (People's Republic)
1406:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Peking (1924)
2886:19th century in the Russian Empire
2541:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1910:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1903:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1783:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1607:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
1399:Soviet Union and Republic of China
25:
2830:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2671:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2546:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1698:DograāTibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1053:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2641:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1957:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1713:Red Turban Rebellion (1854ā1856)
903:eventual Korean reunification).
407:Convention for the Extension of
331:
179:
167:
155:
129:
117:
105:
81:14 November 1860 (Russo-Chinese)
79:25 October 1860 (Franco-Chinese)
45:
29:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1688:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1574:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1122:Kang, Hyungwon (23 June 2022).
368:Bao'an County and Xin'an County
299:
278:
77:24 October 1860 (AngloāChinese)
2971:ChinaāUnited Kingdom relations
2951:Treaties of the Russian Empire
2931:ChinaāRussian Empire relations
2342:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1632:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
257:
227:
213:
112:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin
1:
2776:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2551:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2407:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2091:Provincial military commander
2081:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2066:Imperial Household Department
1893:Preparative Constitutionalism
1597:Sino-Russian border conflicts
816:Sino-Russian border conflicts
2961:Treaties of the Qing dynasty
2535:Researches on Manchu Origins
1940:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1550:Transition from Ming to Qing
1540:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
996:; Carroll, John M. (2005) .
770:) in perpetuity to Britain.
653:of China and Great Britain,
2435:Changzhou School of Thought
1945:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1920:Railway Protection Movement
1898:1909 Parliamentary election
1883:British expedition to Tibet
1793:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1753:Self-Strengthening Movement
1728:NepalāTibet War (1855ā1856)
1056:"The Church in China"
939:Western imperialism in Asia
929:Second Convention of Peking
794:, a part of the modern day
747:In 1860, the area known as
2997:
2921:1860 in the United Kingdom
2835:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1723:Miao Rebellion (1854ā1873)
1662:Miao Rebellion (1795ā1806)
1652:Battle of Ngį»c Hį»i-Äį»ng Äa
1622:Miao Rebellion (1735ā1736)
1416:Non-Aggression Pact (1937)
1411:Khabarovsk Protocol (1929)
1319:Kyakhta (1727, 1768, 1792)
1094:10.1177/097492847703300105
1078:"Sino-Soviet Border Talks"
1002:Hong Kong University Press
864:People's Republic of China
643:First Convention of Peking
136:Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev
26:
2845:Names of the Qing dynasty
2493:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
1823:Dungan Revolt (1895ā1896)
1818:Gongche Shangshu movement
1763:Dungan Revolt (1862ā1877)
1612:Chinese Rites controversy
310:
234:
202:
51:Signing of the treaty by
44:
2766:Great Qing Treasure Note
2586:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2296:Administrative divisions
2113:Administrative divisions
2041:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1390:Treaty of Kyakhta (1915)
1302:Russian and Qing empires
1168:
208:Traditional Chinese
124:Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gros
2362:Chengde Mountain Resort
2163:Three Eastern Provinces
1813:First Sino-Japanese War
1788:Northern Chinese Famine
1647:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1545:Qing invasion of Joseon
1442:Border Agreement (1991)
1354:Saint Petersburg (1881)
1259:1 December 2017 at the
858:The governments of the
847:Chengde Mountain Resort
736:In the convention, the
503:National security law (
379:(1841ā1941, 1945ā1997)
222:Simplified Chinese
2981:History of Zhangjiakou
2966:ChinaāFrance relations
2743:Great Qing Copper Coin
2631:Convention of Tientsin
2564:Annotated Bibliography
2512:Qing official headwear
1555:Battle of Shanhai Pass
913:National Palace Museum
850:
733:
649:concluded between the
2817:Draft History of Qing
2676:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2457:performance criticism
2061:Imperial Commissioner
2051:Great Qing Legal Code
1850:Eight-Nation Alliance
1833:Third plague pandemic
1743:PuntiāHakka Clan Wars
1667:White Lotus Rebellion
1369:Boxer Protocol (1901)
1296:Sino-Russian treaties
1214:34.3 (1940): 473ā491.
1153:July 8, 2015, at the
1062:Catholic Encyclopedia
844:
724:
589:of the United Kingdom
515:2021 electoral reform
461:Retrocession to China
391:Convention of Chuenpi
300:bak1 ging1 tiu4 joek3
2891:History of Manchuria
2748:Great Qing Gold Coin
2681:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2626:Convention of Peking
2506:Pentaglot Dictionary
2488:Literary inquisition
2198:Ever Victorious Army
2031:Deliberative Council
1935:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1888:1905 Batang uprising
1828:Hundred Days' Reform
1718:Small Swords Society
1247:5 March 2016 at the
1235:3 March 2014 at the
1076:Ghosh, S.K. (1977).
934:History of Hong Kong
866:(PRC) concluded the
639:Convention of Peking
401:Convention of Peking
383:Colonial
325:History of Hong Kong
198:Convention of Peking
40:Convention of Peking
2976:October 1860 events
2801:Anti-Qing sentiment
2651:Treaty of the Bogue
2591:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2523:Complete Tang Poems
2203:Green Standard Army
2086:Provincial governor
2056:Imperial Clan Court
2036:Diplomatic missions
2011:Consultative Bureau
1758:Tongzhi Restoration
1637:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1617:Ten Great Campaigns
1525:Jurchen unification
812:Treaty of Nerchinsk
768:Stonecutters Island
572:Technical standards
409:Hong Kong Territory
41:
2686:Treaty of Tientsin
2397:Western Qing tombs
2392:Eastern Qing tombs
2218:Peking Field Force
1962:Manchu Restoration
1855:Declaration of war
1808:Jindandao incident
1627:Lhasa riot of 1750
874:, ceded under the
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742:Treaty of Tientsin
734:
728:, photographed by
2941:Boundary treaties
2873:
2872:
2784:
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2696:Treaty of Whampoa
2691:Treaty of Wanghia
2666:Treaty of Nanking
2636:LiāLobanov Treaty
2611:Chefoo Convention
2606:Burlingame Treaty
2477:Kangxi Dictionary
2382:Old Summer Palace
2213:Firearm Battalion
2016:Cup of Solid Gold
1970:
1969:
1915:Manchurian plague
1878:Late Qing reforms
1869:(1901–1912)
1803:Sikkim expedition
1733:Panthay Rebellion
1703:Taiping Rebellion
1679:(1801–1900)
1657:Sino-Nepalese War
1602:DzungarāQing Wars
1588:(1683–1799)
1516:(1616–1683)
1462:
1461:
1344:Tarbagatai (1864)
1011:978-962-209-742-1
880:Kowloon Peninsula
876:Treaty of Nanking
711:Ministry of Rites
703:Old Summer Palace
635:
634:
499:COVID-19 pandemic
396:Treaty of Nanking
376:British Hong Kong
314:
313:
306:
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245:Standard Mandarin
193:
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18:Peking Convention
16:(Redirected from
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2901:Unequal treaties
2850:New Qing History
2733:Qianlong Tongbao
2711:
2656:Treaty of Canton
2596:Unequal treaties
2402:Fuling Mausoleum
2001:Advisory Council
1930:Wuchang Uprising
1870:
1773:Tianjin Massacre
1738:Second Opium War
1680:
1642:Sino-Burmese War
1589:
1567:Battle of Penghu
1535:Seven Grievances
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1309:Nerchinsk (1689)
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872:Hong Kong Island
738:Xianfeng Emperor
695:Nikolay Ignatyev
671:Second Opium War
647:unequal treaties
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596:Hong Kong portal
585:History of China
494:2019ā20 protests
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2811:Chuang Guandong
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2661:Treaty of Kulja
2646:Treaty of Aigun
2579:
2571:
2470:History of Ming
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2416:
2354:
2348:
2274:Special regions
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2208:Imperial Guards
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1966:
1925:1911 Revolution
1871:
1868:
1861:
1838:Boxer Rebellion
1798:Sino-French War
1748:Amur Annexation
1693:First Opium War
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1562:Great Clearance
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1394:
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1334:Tientsin (1858)
1297:
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1261:Wayback Machine
1249:Wayback Machine
1237:Wayback Machine
1221:
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1205:Further reading
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1155:Wayback Machine
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1082:India Quarterly
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2170:Zongli Yamen
2026:Da-Qing Bank
1843:Red Lanterns
1496:Qing dynasty
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1329:Aigun (1858)
1324:Kulja (1851)
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1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1162:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:
1117:
1107:28 September
1105:. Retrieved
1088:(1): 57ā61.
1085:
1081:
1071:
1060:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1035:Article IV.
1026:
1020:
997:
988:
972:
910:
893:
878:(1842), and
857:
820:
804:East Tartary
802:province of
788:Sea of Japan
781:
772:
753:
746:
735:
730:Felice Beato
699:
668:
651:Qing dynasty
642:
638:
636:
594:
593:
471:(since 1997)
467:
400:
374:
360:
357:
349:
273:Romanization
252:Hanyu Pinyin
36:
2796:Aisin Gioro
2758:Paper money
2517:Qing poetry
2238:Wuwei Corps
2233:Shuishiying
1994:Family tree
1314:Bura (1727)
1133:24 November
900:Tumen River
814:(1689) and
792:Ussuri krai
766:(including
726:Prince Gong
683:Prince Gong
351:Prehistoric
100:Prince Gong
94:Signatories
57:Prince Gong
2936:Opium Wars
2880:Categories
2464:Four Wangs
2355:mausoleums
2308:Golden Urn
2281:Inner Asia
2258:Xiang Army
2228:Hushenying
2153:Liangguang
2133:Liangjiang
2071:Lifan Yuan
1976:Government
1040:perpetuity
945:References
882:(south of
845:Plaque in
691:Baron Gros
687:Lord Elgin
665:Background
657:, and the
437:1967 riots
53:Lord Elgin
2286:Manchuria
2253:Huai Army
2243:Yong Ying
2128:Shaan-Gan
1584:High Qing
1530:Later Jin
837:Aftermath
778:Manchuria
764:Hong Kong
661:in 1860.
562:Geography
557:Education
2738:Hongqian
2707:Currency
2577:Treaties
2483:Kaozheng
2430:Booi Aha
2372:Hetu Ala
2325:Timeline
2320:Xinjiang
2291:Mongolia
2248:Chu Army
2223:New Army
2180:Military
2118:Viceroys
1257:Archived
1245:Archived
1233:Archived
1174:Archived
1151:Archived
1102:45070611
923:See also
896:Noktundo
890:Noktundo
862:and the
831:Noktundo
810:(1858),
796:Primorye
744:(1858).
587: /
567:Politics
537:Aviation
528:By topic
358:Imperial
341:Timeline
294:Jyutping
86:Location
2906:Kowloon
2723:Zhiqian
2715:Coinage
2452:Economy
2423:culture
2158:Yun-Gui
2148:Min-Zhe
2143:Sichuan
2138:Huguang
1984:Emperor
1505:History
1180:30 June
854:Kowloon
760:Kowloon
749:Kowloon
552:Economy
547:Culture
419:(1940s)
144:Parties
2337:Taiwan
1513:Early
1498:topics
1100:
1008:
980:
964:
917:Taiwan
823:Korean
806:. See
800:Manchu
762:, and
679:Peking
655:France
186:Russia
174:France
74:Signed
2529:Queue
2447:Dibao
2303:Tibet
2123:Zhili
2006:Amban
1098:JSTOR
1031:(PDF)
829:) of
717:Terms
489:2020s
484:2010s
479:2000s
453:1990s
448:1980s
443:1970s
433:1960s
428:1950s
266:Hakka
150:China
2265:Navy
2106:Ejen
1989:List
1182:2015
1135:2023
1109:2023
1006:ISBN
978:ISBN
962:ISBN
705:and
689:and
637:The
509:2024
505:2020
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