Knowledge (XXG)

Concornis

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378:, MCCM-LH-1184 (also known as LH-2814) was initially described in 1992, while the specimen was still partially covered in sandstone. This preliminary description was published to record an aspect of the specimen which would be erased upon further preparation: faint traces of wing feathers visible under ultraviolet light. Once the specimen was prepared, most of these traces were destroyed but in return the skeleton was able to be studied in closer detail. A large redescription was published in 1995 once further preparation concluded. The specimen is almost complete, only missing a few elements such as the skull, neck, and pygostyle. 1966: 1972: 136: 118: 1990: 570:, a form of flight popular among modern small and short-winged birds. A bird engaging in bounding flight alternates between upward-thrusting flaps and short dives with folded wings. The study also found that they were capable of continuous flapping flight, but were likely unable to glide due to having a high body mass to wingspan ratio. The study concluded that 392:). Its skull is unknown, but it almost certainly retained teeth in a snout (as in most other enantiornitheans) rather than a beak. It was probably an accomplished flyer for its time, though perhaps not as nimble and somewhat lacking in stamina compared to modern birds. It is not known whether it had an 408:
which connected to a single pair of ribbon-like tail feathers, rather than a fan-like tail of pennaceous feathers as in modern birds. The legs were fairly long and neither dedicated to perching on branches nor to running on the ground; it had a large
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was an averaged sized enantiornithean, with an estimated wingspan of 34 centimeters (13 inches) and an estimated weight of about 70 g (2.5 oz). This would have made it proportionally similar to a
578:, and likely many other enantiornitheans alternated between the fast bounding flight and the slower but more efficient flapping flight depending on the circumstances, similar to modern 765:
Wang, Min; Hu, Han; Li, Zhiheng (2015). "A new small enantiornithine bird from the Jehol Biota, with implications for early evolution of avian skull morphology".
682: 802:"Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships" 683:"The osteology of Concornis lacustris (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and a reexamination of its phylogenetic relationships" 2057: 841: 653: 2136: 718:"Flight reconstruction of two European enantiornithines (Aves, Pygostylia) and the achievement of bounding flight in Early Cretaceous birds" 2121: 341: 566:(a contemporary enantiornithean) to determine the optimal flight pattern for those genera. The study found that they likely engaged in 2141: 439:. A wave of Chinese paleontological discoveries in the mid 1990s led to the group becoming much more well known, and the placement of 507: 1965: 522:
environment, suggesting it occupied at least partly a "shorebird" niche, and given its size would presumably have fed on small
467:. There is a keel that is Y-shaped and small compared to that of modern birds. The end of the sternum also bears deep notches. 1971: 716:
Serrano, Francisco J.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Palmqvist, Paul; Figueirido, Borja; MarugĂĄn-LobĂłn, JesĂșs; Sanz, JosĂ© L. (2018).
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bird able to bound through vegetation, run on the ground, and fly equally well. Compared to living birds
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are by and large conjectural. Its legs and flight apparatus suggest it was a truly multifunctional
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Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Ivico di Storia Naturale in Milano
747: 519: 515: 337: 2075: 1109: 774: 737: 693: 654:"A new bird from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain, and the early radiation of birds" 30: 1717: 1663: 1656: 1640: 1447: 1348: 1102: 923: 907: 499: 385: 733: 1868: 1793: 1761: 1706: 1685: 1592: 1540: 1384: 1137: 1060: 1038: 1004: 850: 426: 396:, although it is likely as such a feature is present in other enantiornitheans such as 325: 235: 117: 2105: 1946: 1615: 1574: 1547: 1369: 1207: 1200: 1151: 801: 625: 431: 68: 786: 1939: 1754: 1333: 1305: 1298: 1242: 1172: 1116: 621: 523: 778: 553:
would have found it far easier to fly up to some branch rather than to run away.
2042: 1893: 1852: 1829: 1768: 1699: 1678: 1629: 1601: 1581: 1484: 1433: 1376: 1270: 1263: 1235: 1221: 1214: 1186: 1165: 1123: 977: 567: 546: 479: 475: 461: 456: 248: 43: 2033: 1882: 1875: 1802: 1733: 1726: 1526: 1391: 1362: 1319: 1228: 1193: 1158: 889: 880: 583: 562: 531: 329: 193: 88: 53: 751: 366:, was described from the remains of one fairly complete individual skeleton. 1925: 1911: 1817: 1782: 1692: 1670: 1649: 1622: 1533: 1476: 1426: 1419: 1405: 1340: 1312: 1277: 1256: 1130: 1088: 1074: 950: 898: 602: 435:
was not yet considered to belong there either, contained only very advanced
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Upon its initial description it was believed to be more primitive than
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within it was eventually verified. In fact, despite its early age,
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Sanz, José L.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Buscalioni, Angela D. (1995).
482:(shinbone and upper ankle bones). Under this classification, 429:; In 1992, this group was poorly known and, as the primitive 518:, it would have certainly been inferior. It was found in an 486:
is the oldest (and the most complete) member of the family.
400:. Inferring from the features of other enantiornitheans, 447:
seems to be a fairly derived member of Enantiornithes.
2017: 1892: 1828: 1792: 1716: 1639: 1591: 1564: 1058: 1003: 976: 949: 922: 460:has been suggested mainly based on a peculiarly 652:Sanz, J.L.; Buscalioni, A.D. (November 1992). 835: 8: 2005: 1844: 1066: 1055: 982: 955: 928: 919: 858: 842: 828: 820: 538:around in its habitat - including its non- 116: 20: 741: 556:A 2018 study analyzed the proportions of 635:, Latin for "lacustrine", "of the lake". 595: 404:also likely possessed a long, narrow 7: 711: 709: 707: 676: 674: 647: 645: 643: 641: 767:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 328:birds which lived during the early 800:Cau, A. & Arduini, P. (2008). 14: 340:. Its remains are known from the 1989: 1988: 1970: 1964: 342:Calizas de La HuĂ©rgina Formation 134: 478:due to several features of the 1: 2137:Fossil taxa described in 1992 779:10.1080/14772019.2015.1073801 624:name of the Cuenca region) + 609:bird from Cuenca province". 308:Sanz & Buscalioni, 1992 268:Sanz & Buscalioni, 1992 2163: 2122:Cretaceous birds of Europe 413:as is generally absent in 1984: 1962: 1847: 1069: 1054: 1035: 985: 958: 931: 918: 857: 690:American Museum Novitates 534:. There were terrestrial 295: 288: 131:Scientific classification 129: 124: 115: 23: 1839:Cau & Arduini, 2008) 470:A 2008 analysis placed 2142:La HuĂ©rguina Formation 16:Extinct genus of birds 2084:Paleobiology Database 450:A relationship with 332:period, in the late 2049:Concornis lacustris 2019:Concornis lacustris 1462:Piscivorenantiornis 734:2018Palgy..61..359S 504:Concornis lacustris 363:Concornis lacustris 356:. The single known 302:Concornis lacustris 1566:Iberomesornithidae 743:10.1111/pala.12351 2099: 2098: 2071:Open Tree of Life 2011:Taxon identifiers 2002: 2001: 1980: 1979: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1145:Cuspirostrisornis 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 516:ecological niches 514:to each of these 338:million years ago 313: 312: 281:C. lacustris 269: 2154: 2147:Barremian genera 2132:Fossils of Spain 2127:Cretaceous Spain 2092: 2091: 2079: 2078: 2066: 2065: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2006: 1992: 1991: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1904: 1903: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1399:Microenantiornis 1110:Castignovolucris 1067: 1056: 983: 956: 929: 920: 913: 912: 859: 844: 837: 830: 821: 814: 813: 797: 791: 790: 762: 756: 755: 745: 713: 702: 701: 687: 678: 669: 668: 658: 649: 636: 631:(όρΜÎčς) "bird". 600: 390:Sturnus vulgaris 374:The holotype of 304: 300: 267: 260: 247: 234: 139: 138: 120: 110: 40: 31:Early Cretaceous 29:Temporal range: 21: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2087: 2082: 2074: 2069: 2061: 2056: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2013: 2003: 1998: 1976: 1969: 1952: 1897: 1896: 1888: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1824: 1788: 1718:Bohaiornithidae 1712: 1664:Dapingfangornis 1657:Camptodontornis 1641:Longipterygidae 1635: 1587: 1560: 1448:Paraprotopteryx 1413:Monoenantiornis 1349:Largirostrornis 1103:Brevirostruavis 1063: 1042: 1019: 999: 972: 945: 939:Avemetatarsalia 924:Avemetatarsalia 914: 908:Ornithothoraces 864: 863: 853: 848: 818: 817: 799: 798: 794: 764: 763: 759: 715: 714: 705: 685: 680: 679: 672: 656: 651: 650: 639: 601: 597: 592: 568:bounding flight 492: 423: 386:common starling 372: 350:Cuenca province 326:enantiornithean 309: 306: 298: 297: 284: 266: 258: 245: 232: 133: 111: 109: 108: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 35: 34: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2160: 2158: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2104: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2080: 2067: 2054: 2039: 2023: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1922: 1915: 1907: 1905: 1902:Chiappe, 1992) 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1872: 1869:Enantiophoenix 1865: 1857: 1848: 1842: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1798: 1796: 1794:Gobipterygidae 1790: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1765: 1762:Parabohaiornis 1758: 1751: 1744: 1737: 1730: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1707:Shengjingornis 1703: 1696: 1689: 1686:Longirostravis 1682: 1675: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1645: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1605: 1597: 1595: 1593:Pengornithidae 1589: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1570: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1551: 1544: 1541:Yuanjiawaornis 1537: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1385:Longchengornis 1381: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1148: 1141: 1138:Cruralispennia 1134: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1082:Alethoalaornis 1078: 1070: 1064: 1061:Enantiornithes 1059: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1039:Enantiornithes 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1005:Enantiornithes 1001: 1000: 998: 997: 996: 995: 986: 980: 974: 973: 971: 970: 969: 968: 959: 953: 947: 946: 944: 943: 942: 941: 932: 926: 916: 915: 911: 910: 901: 892: 883: 877: 871: 862: 855: 854: 851:Enantiornithes 849: 847: 846: 839: 832: 824: 816: 815: 792: 773:(6): 481–497. 757: 728:(3): 359–368. 703: 670: 637: 594: 593: 591: 588: 545:relatives and 491: 488: 474:in the family 427:Enantiornithes 422: 421:Classification 419: 371: 368: 336:age about 125 311: 310: 307: 293: 292: 286: 285: 277: 275: 271: 270: 256: 252: 251: 243: 239: 238: 236:Enantiornithes 230: 223: 222: 217: 210: 209: 204: 197: 196: 191: 184: 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1342: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1208:Eoenantiornis 1205: 1203: 1202: 1201:Eocathayornis 1198: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1152:Dalingheornis 1149: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1002: 994: 990: 989: 988: 987: 984: 981: 979: 975: 967: 963: 962: 961: 960: 957: 954: 952: 948: 940: 936: 935: 934: 933: 930: 927: 925: 921: 917: 909: 905: 902: 900: 896: 893: 891: 887: 884: 882: 878: 876: 872: 870: 866: 865: 860: 856: 852: 845: 840: 838: 833: 831: 826: 825: 822: 812:(2): 293–324. 811: 807: 803: 796: 793: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 761: 758: 753: 749: 744: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 722:Palaeontology 719: 712: 710: 708: 704: 699: 695: 691: 684: 677: 675: 671: 667:(4): 829–845. 666: 662: 661:Palaeontology 655: 648: 646: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 627: 626:Ancient Greek 623: 619: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 596: 589: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 564: 559: 554: 552: 549:- from which 548: 544: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524:invertebrates 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 489: 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 463: 462:autapomorphic 459: 458: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433: 432:Iberomesornis 428: 420: 418: 416: 412: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 377: 369: 367: 365: 364: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318: 305: 303: 294: 291: 290:Binomial name 287: 283: 282: 276: 273: 272: 265: 264: 257: 254: 253: 250: 244: 241: 240: 237: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 195: 192: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 137: 132: 128: 123: 119: 114: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 39: 32: 26: 22: 19: 2018: 1945: 1940:Neuquenornis 1938: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1899: 1881: 1874: 1867: 1860: 1859: 1851: 1836: 1816: 1808: 1801: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1755:Longusunguis 1753: 1746: 1739: 1732: 1725: 1705: 1698: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1628: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1600: 1580: 1573: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1504: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1467: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1439: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1375: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1339: 1334:Kizylkumavis 1332: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1306:Ilerdopteryx 1304: 1299:Huoshanornis 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1255: 1250:Fortunguavis 1248: 1243:Fortipesavis 1241: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1173:Elektorornis 1171: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1117:Catenoleimus 1115: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1037: 903: 894: 885: 809: 805: 795: 770: 766: 760: 725: 721: 689: 664: 660: 632: 628: 617: 610: 598: 575: 571: 561: 557: 555: 550: 547:crocodilians 503: 493: 490:Paleoecology 483: 471: 469: 455: 451: 449: 445:C. lacustris 444: 441:C. lacustris 440: 430: 424: 401: 397: 389: 381: 380: 375: 373: 362: 361: 316: 315: 314: 301: 296: 280: 279: 262: 261: 226: 213: 200: 187: 174: 125:Fossil cast 24: 18: 2117:Bird genera 2043:Wikispecies 1894:Avisauridae 1853:Bauxitornis 1830:Avisauridae 1769:Shenqiornis 1741:Gretcheniao 1700:Shanweiniao 1679:Longipteryx 1630:Yuanchuavis 1609:Eopengornis 1602:Chiappeavis 1582:Noguerornis 1492:Pterygornis 1485:Protopteryx 1434:Orienantius 1377:Liaoxiornis 1271:Gracilornis 1264:Grabauornis 1236:Flexomornis 1222:Falcatakely 1215:Explorornis 1187:Enantiornis 1166:Elbretornis 1124:Cathayornis 993:Maniraptora 978:Maniraptora 584:woodpeckers 572:Eolalulavis 532:crustaceans 480:tibiotarsus 476:Avisauridae 457:Cathayornis 415:terrestrial 370:Description 249:Avisauridae 2112:Avisaurids 2106:Categories 1883:Mystiornis 1876:Halimornis 1803:Gobipteryx 1748:Linyiornis 1734:Bohaiornis 1727:Beiguornis 1527:Xiangornis 1469:Platanavis 1392:Martinavis 1363:Lenesornis 1320:Incolornis 1229:Feitianius 1194:Eoalulavis 1159:Dunhuangia 1014:see below↓ 890:Dinosauria 881:Sauropsida 607:Lacustrine 590:References 563:Eoalulavis 508:generalist 398:Eoalulavis 330:Cretaceous 194:Saurischia 181:Dinosauria 1926:Intiornis 1912:Avisaurus 1861:Concornis 1818:Vescornis 1783:Zhouornis 1693:Rapaxavis 1671:Evgenavis 1650:Boluochia 1623:Pengornis 1534:Yatenavis 1513:Shangyang 1477:Praeornis 1441:Otogornis 1427:Nanantius 1420:Musivavis 1406:Mirusavis 1341:Kuszholia 1313:Imparavis 1278:Gurilynia 1257:Gobipipus 1131:Cratoavis 1089:Alexornis 1075:Abavornis 966:Theropoda 951:Theropoda 899:Theropoda 867:Kingdom: 752:1475-4983 698:2246/3667 633:lacustris 611:Concornis 603:Etymology 580:songbirds 576:Concornis 558:Concornis 551:Concornis 536:predators 484:Concornis 472:Concornis 406:pygostyle 402:Concornis 382:Concornis 376:Concornis 346:Las Hoyas 334:Barremian 317:Concornis 274:Species: 263:Concornis 207:Theropoda 154:Kingdom: 148:Eukaryota 36:125  25:Concornis 2034:Q5159016 2028:Wikidata 1994:Category 1810:Jibeinia 1776:Sulcavis 1520:Sinornis 1499:Qiliania 1455:Parvavis 1356:Lectavis 1327:Junornis 1292:Houornis 1285:Holbotia 1180:Elsornis 875:Chordata 873:Phylum: 869:Animalia 787:83603202 692:(3133). 543:theropod 452:Sinornis 242:Family: 168:Chordata 164:Phylum: 158:Animalia 144:Domain: 2076:3604977 2063:4966930 1933:Mirarce 1919:Gettyia 1555:Yuornis 1506:Sazavis 1096:Avimaia 879:Class: 730:Bibcode 613:, from 540:avialan 528:insects 520:aquatic 512:adapted 496:habitat 465:sternum 417:birds. 358:species 299:† 278:† 255:Genus: 220:Avialae 105:↓ 2089:100984 785:  750:  500:habits 411:hallux 1900:sensu 1837:sensu 904:Clade 895:Clade 886:Clade 783:S2CID 686:(PDF) 657:(PDF) 629:ornis 622:Roman 620:(the 618:Conca 615:Latin 526:like 394:alula 354:Spain 322:genus 320:is a 227:Clade 214:Clade 201:Clade 188:Clade 175:Clade 2058:GBIF 991:see 964:see 937:see 748:ISSN 582:and 560:and 498:and 494:The 454:and 437:taxa 44:PreꞒ 810:149 775:doi 738:doi 694:hdl 605:: " 530:or 502:of 344:at 324:of 2108:: 2086:: 2073:: 2060:: 2045:: 2030:: 906:: 897:: 888:: 808:. 804:. 781:. 771:14 769:. 746:. 736:. 726:61 724:. 720:. 706:^ 688:. 673:^ 665:35 663:. 659:. 640:^ 586:. 574:, 360:, 352:, 348:, 229:: 216:: 203:: 190:: 177:: 94:Pg 38:Ma 33:, 1898:( 1864:? 1856:? 1835:( 1821:? 1813:? 1674:? 1480:? 1472:? 1380:? 1344:? 843:e 836:t 829:v 789:. 777:: 754:. 740:: 732:: 700:. 696:: 388:( 259:† 246:† 233:† 99:N 89:K 84:J 79:T 74:P 69:C 64:D 59:S 54:O 49:Ꞓ

Index

Early Cretaceous
Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Dinosauria
Saurischia
Theropoda
Avialae
Enantiornithes
Avisauridae
Concornis
Binomial name
genus
enantiornithean

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