1453:
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101:
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900:
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1203:
377:
885:
90:
82:
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Equipment on board includes an ice machine of five-ton daily capacity and a freezer that turns out more than a gallon of ice cream a minute. Three of the floating warehouses, designed for tropical warfare, have been built of concrete at
National City, Calif., and cost $ 1,120,000 each. In the crew of the 265-ft. barges are 23 Army men.
1452:
1351:
ordered the production of 50 concrete ships for different purposes. Most were concrete barges made for oil transportation from
Romania, and needed raw materials that were driven to the Baltic front. A smaller number of ships was intended for transporting food (specializing in cold storages). The most
240:
program which oversaw the construction of 24 ferrocement ships for the war. However, when the war ended in
November 1918, only 12 ferrocement ships were under construction and none of them had been completed. These 12 ships were eventually completed, but soon sold to private companies who used them
343:
Largest unit of the Army's fleet is a BRL, (Barge, Refrigerated, Large) which is going to the South
Pacific to serve fresh frozen foods – even ice cream – to troops weary of dry rations. The vessel can keep 64 carloads of frozen meats and 500 tons of fresh produce indefinitely at 12°F.
45:
bars. This contrasts against more traditional materials, such as pure steel or wood. The advantage of ferrocement construction is that materials are cheap and readily available, while the disadvantages are that construction labor costs are high, as are operating costs. (Ferrocement ships require
247:
Between the world wars, there was little commercial or military interest in concrete ship construction. The reason was that other shipbuilding methods were cheaper and less labor-intensive, and other kinds of ships were cheaper to operate. However, in 1942, after the U.S. entered
69:. Few concrete ships were completed in time to see wartime service during World War I, but during 1944 and 1945, concrete ships and barges were used to support U.S. and British invasions in Europe and the Pacific. Since the late 1930s, there have also been ferrocement
1195:
air raid on 20 March 1945. In the late 1950s Polish authorities decided to lift it and tow it to another location to be converted into swimming pools, but during that operation it began sinking again, so it was abandoned in shallow water, where it has remained since.
165:. With the success of this ship, additional ferrocement vessels were ordered, and in October 1917, the U.S. government invited Fougner to head a study into the feasibility of building ferrocement ships in the United States. The Fougner Concrete Shipbuilding Company,
46:
thick hulls, which results in either a larger cross-sectional area that hurts hydrodynamics, or leaves less space for cargo.) During the late 19th century, there were concrete river barges in Europe, and during both
2215:
145:
Between 1908 and 1914, larger ferrocement barges began to be made in
Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway and United States. The remains of a British ship of this type, the auxiliary coaster
313:, was partially removed in 2003 by the local sailing club, whose land it was on, for fear it was a "danger to children". Local historians disagreed with the club and were displeased with their actions.
287:. In 1940, 200 were commissioned to serve as petrol-carrying barges. The barges weighed 160 tons and were constructed on the London dockside before being craned into the water by a giant crane.
391:
Modern hobbyists also build ferrocement boats (ferroboats), as their construction methods do not require special tools, and the materials are comparatively cheap. Since the 1960s, the
237:
2379:
290:
Some barges were fitted with engines and used as mobile canteens and troop carriers. Some of these vessels survive as abandoned wrecks or sea defenses (against storm surges) in the
161:
On August 2, 1917, Nicolay
Fougner of Norway launched the first self-propelled ferrocement ship intended for ocean travel. This was an 84-foot (26 m) vessel of 400 tons named
138:
were built in Europe for use on canals, and around 1896, an
Italian engineer, Carlo Gabellini, began building small ships out of ferrocement. The most famous of his ships was the
1232:
1751:
324:
which they claimed could achieve speeds of 75 knots. The war ended any more research into the project. In retrospect many believe the claims were greatly overstated.
2110:
2925:
2348:
2266:
2873:
2372:
244:
Other countries that looked into ferrocement ship construction during this period included Canada, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United
Kingdom.
1561:
1652:
2236:
1352:
valuable ships were the specialized ship-hospitals, which evacuated seriously wounded and "important" soldiers to German hospitals along rivers.
2527:
2365:
328:
62:
414:
Surviving wartime concrete ships are no longer in use as ships. Several continue in use in various forms, mostly as museums or breakwaters.
54:, steel shortages led the US military to order the construction of small fleets of ocean-going concrete ships, the largest of which was the
264:, and at its peak, it employed 6,000 workers. The U.S. government also contracted with two companies in California for the construction of
228:, originally meant for merchant service in the first World War, but completed in 1919. (Naval History and Heritage Command - Photo NH 799)
1730:
392:
100:
2259:
2205:
1635:
1347:
Due to the need to deliver necessary raw materials (such as oil, weapons, ammunition, food and drugs) through mined river currents,
962:
1797:
2006:
1217:
945:
1823:
928:
2866:
2732:
2706:
1847:
786:, a concrete gasoline barge built for the US Navy in 1942 and placed in service in 1943. The wreck is often misidentified as a
2719:
1923:
1748:
1103:
during the first half of the twentieth century as a method to prevent coastal erosion, includes eight ferro-concrete barges.
891:
423:
295:
2050:"Department of Defense Legacy Management Program. Underwater Cultural Resources Management and Protection. Project (01-121)"
2210:
124:
1418:
758:
694:
433:
196:), and hired Alan Macdonald and Victor Poss to design the first American ferrocement ship, a 6,125-ton steamer named the
2252:
2177:
Beachead Cargo, Iwo Jima, Arvin S. Gibson, Staff
Sergeant, U.S. Army, Transportation Corps, Hq. and Hq. Co., AGF, APO 86
2084:
1500:
1367:
1277:
899:
809:
633:
584:
479:
1316:
1106:
1060:
1006:
679:, a concrete tanker launched on May 29, 1919, was purchased and turned into an amusement pier, and is still visible at
527:
1143:
850:
1547:
2859:
1618:
730:
260:
to build 24 self-propelled concrete ships. Construction started in July 1943. The shipyard was at
Hookers Point in
257:
178:
1395:, to make a breakwater by the US forces in 1945. Most of them were broken by typhoons but one was used as a pier.
884:
2520:
1247:
1202:
570:
252:, the U.S. military found that its contractors had steel shortages. Consequently, the U.S. government contracted
192:
took the initiative to build ferrocement ships on his own. He formed the San Francisco Ship Building Company (in
2024:
1767:
979:
1089:
2944:
1879:
1565:
1489:
1251:
1050:
332:
271:
In Europe, ferrocement barges (FCBs) played a crucial role in World War II operations, particularly in the
1306:
361:
212:
1656:
2275:
1399:
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795:
268:. Barge ships were large vessels that lacked engines to propel them. Instead, they were towed by tugs.
2696:
2692:
2673:
2513:
2429:
2423:
2402:
1898:
Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil: The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific during World War II
1464:
1035:
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741:
680:
662:
517:
469:
299:
189:
2335:
995:
One of the few concrete ships built for but not completed in time to be used in World War I, the SS
510:
2949:
1608:
402:
In Europe, especially the Netherlands, concrete is still used to build some of the barges on which
193:
116:
38:
2893:
744:, that ran aground on December 31, 1936. The wreck is periodically exposed by strong storm tides.
2686:
2588:
2563:
2558:
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2300:
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2505:
2314:
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376:
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2187:
2104:
1703:
272:
253:
2225:
1727:
911:
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1224:
1100:
665:, ending the war, so it never saw wartime duty and instead was used as an oil tanker in the
427:
276:
2049:
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2321:
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1054:
934:
616:
151:
55:
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2124:
1484:
968:
734:
666:
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396:
284:
265:
261:
233:
2938:
2595:
2450:
2176:
1494:
1255:
1184:
310:
170:
70:
461:, where a lumber mill uses ten floating ferrocement ships as a breakwater, known as
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2745:
2655:
2623:
2617:
2601:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2553:
2548:
2492:
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2457:
2286:
1348:
1192:
1180:
1096:
951:
787:
673:
623:
291:
249:
224:
166:
51:
2045:
1958:
1927:
2829:
2816:
2799:
2793:
2478:
2443:
2436:
2388:
2357:
1973:
1039:
917:
563:
303:
207:
was launched March 18, 1918. She cost $ 750,000 to build. She was used to carry
89:
81:
66:
47:
34:
1689:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Division for Economics and History.
2841:
2471:
2416:
2409:
2293:
1863:
1768:"D-Day 1944 and Why They Owe Me a Trip on the Queen Mary by Richard R. Powers"
1650:
National Register of Historic Vessels, Name: Violette, Certificate Number 716.
1411:) during World War II. After the war, two of them turned into a breakwater in
688:
578:
321:
208:
17:
1947:
1433:
1420:
1382:
1369:
1331:
1318:
1292:
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865:
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824:
811:
773:
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529:
494:
481:
448:
435:
2907:
2837:
2833:
2650:
2645:
2640:
1136:
A large collection of abandoned concrete barges are seen at River Thames in
1042:, Ireland, and is considered of much interest to the area's many tourists.
1000:
841:
627:
462:
403:
317:
280:
218:
2464:
1188:
574:
381:
365:
197:
1585:
747:
The vessel aground in the surf at Shipwreck Beach on the north shore of
555:, where it served as a hotel, then as a base for divers. Currently, the
2749:
2679:
1310:
1267:
384:
357:
94:
2244:
1361:
1271:
1263:
752:
353:
120:
112:
2851:
2156:
2144:
1771:
1603:
Eberhardt, Robert. "Concrete Shipbuilding in San Diego, 1918–1920,"
878:. It is a popular snorkeling site and boating landmark in the area.
173:, reported calculated cost was of $ 290 per deadweight ton for the
2752:
1270:. After the war, many of the vessels were used as piers (e.g., in
1259:
1254:
built 24 concrete cargo vessels for transporting goods to various
748:
684:
375:
217:
135:
128:
99:
88:
80:
42:
507:, is formed by nine sunken concrete ships built in World War II.
521:
155:
2855:
2509:
2361:
2248:
2085:"Visit the SS Crete Boom – the fabled concrete ship in Ballina"
2007:"Famed Calif. 'cement ship' flipped, broken up by strong waves"
1993:
2216:
Images of concrete vessels from the National Monuments Record
1911:
1728:"McCloskey & Co., Hookers Point, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A."
847:
is visible slightly south of Bimini Island in the Bahamas,
2218:
Photographic record of the construction and launch of the
1900:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.
1633:
Svenska, På. "The History about the Ferro-Concrete Ships."
211:
for trade until 1921, when she was sold and scrapped as a
1360:
Several concrete ships were aground on the west beach of
93:
Concrete boat constructed by Walter Dowsey hauled out in
2157:"Historia betonowych wraków na jeziorze Dąbie i Bałtyku"
661:. The ship was launched the same day Germany signed the
2052:. Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, pp. 373–375.
2222:
at Preston and the Seacraft Concrete Co on the Mersey.
1749:"Builders of Concrete Ships: WWII Construction Record"
1994:"Concrete Ships.org: An Experiment in Ship Building"
569:(commissioned in 1919, sunk in 1926) is visible off
279:
defenses, for fuel and munitions transportation, as
2809:
2762:
2665:
2633:
2610:
2541:
1099:, a collection of vessels intentionally beached at
2065:. Mount Pleasant Historical Commission. 2012-02-13
2063:"Mount Pleasant Old Sunken Hull Historical Marker"
65:(MARAD) designation for concrete ships-barges was
2926:List of auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
2349:List of auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
316:In 1944 a concrete firm in California proposed a
188:About the same time, the California businessman
1798:"Local History - Concrete Barges and The Diver"
1541:
1539:
341:
309:One notable wartime FCB, previously beached at
1406:
111:The oldest known ferrocement watercraft was a
2867:
2536:World War II Maritime Commission ship designs
2521:
2373:
2260:
2211:Comprehensive list of ferro-concrete builders
516:, a former oil tanker, lies off the coast of
27:Ship whose hull is primarily made of concrete
8:
1562:"WWII Builders of Concrete Ships and Barges"
1174:
622:is located northwest of the fishing pier at
2109:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1989:
1987:
1985:
1924:"History of the Concrete Canoe Competition"
1744:
1742:
1680:H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1922.
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
722:. It broke up during a January 2017 storm.
123:in 1848. Lambot's boat was featured in the
2874:
2860:
2852:
2528:
2514:
2506:
2380:
2366:
2358:
2267:
2253:
2245:
2226:"Pour in the Concrete and Take Out a Ship"
2044:Roberts, Stephen S. (September 14, 2010).
1792:
1790:
1788:
2046:"Class: Concrete Barges (YO-144, YOG-40)"
1628:
1626:
1548:"S.S. Selma Ship Texas Historical Marker"
1691:Preliminary Economic Studies of the War.
1511:
1448:
1198:
880:
241:for light-trading, storage, and scrap.
2102:
1959:"The Powell River Floating Breakwater"
1693:London: Oxford University Press, 1919.
1398:Japan built four concrete ships named
275:, where they were used as part of the
2027:. San Diego Union-Tribune. 2010-01-31
1250:(1942–1944) during World War II, the
63:United States Maritime Administration
7:
1822:Hallmann, Robert (20 October 2010).
134:Beginning in the 1860s, ferrocement
1049:, is beached in the harbour of the
393:American Society of Civil Engineers
327:Concrete barges also served in the
1912:"The World of Ferro-Cement Boats."
1678:Seagoing and Other Concrete Ships.
25:
2125:"Aberdeen Ships | Cretetree"
2025:"Tide, storms expose gaming ship"
1586:A Brief History of Concrete Ships
368:, but the rest served admirably.
222:The American concrete oil tanker
1463:
1451:
1262:. These were constructed in the
1231:
1216:
1201:
978:
961:
944:
927:
910:
898:
883:
360:, and another barge damaged the
348:One concrete barge under tow by
2206:History of ferro-concrete ships
1886:. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.
1497:, former concrete hospital ship
1191:, Poland. It was sunk during a
331:during 1944 and 1945. From the
2159:. Nortus & Potworna spółka
1704:"Concrete Barge Elmarine 1919"
298:.) Two remain in civil use as
85:Blueprints for a concrete boat
1:
2048:; Van Tilburg, Hans K. 2003.
1546:State Historical Commission.
422:The largest collection is at
232:On April 12, 1918, President
185:which they presumably built.
150:(built 1919), can be seen at
2240:, June 1943, Popular Science
1948:"Amsterdam Houseboat Trivia"
1802:www.londonriversidebid.co.uk
1619:"Working Lives--Pat Durkin."
1605:Journal of San Diego History
1501:Trefoil class concrete barge
181:"10.21 30 October") and the
1676:Fougner, Nicolay Knudtzon.
1248:German occupation of Greece
395:has sponsored the National
238:Emergency Fleet Corporation
2976:
2238:"How Pour Ships Are Made"
2083:m4Y0N04TH (17 June 2019).
1309:(e.g., in Agios Georgios,
731:Wilmington, North Carolina
258:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
179:List of shipwrecks in 1920
2918:
2889:
2826:
2398:
2346:
2282:
1884:Lighthouses of Queensland
1824:"Canvey's Concrete Barge"
1407:
1092:, and completed in 1919.
1034:just outside the town of
751:, Hawaii is the wreck of
41:) hulls, reinforced with
33:are built primarily with
2920:Completed as oil tanker
2091:. Ballina Tourist Office
1880:"Moreton Bay Pile Light"
1434:34.280089°N 132.756295°E
999:, lies abandoned in the
774:20.921299°N 156.910139°W
710:36.969704°N 121.913947°W
449:49.865238°N 124.555821°W
2011:San Francisco Chronicle
1520:"Concrete Ship | MARAD"
1490:Capella (concrete ship)
1383:24.78238°N 141.293095°E
1332:37.638340°N 23.394544°E
1293:38.022056°N 24.010368°E
1090:Aberdeen Concrete Ships
825:32.798761°N 79.906863°W
649:29.344249°N 94.786343°W
600:38.944322°N 74.972083°W
495:37.164267°N 75.991402°W
410:Remaining wartime ships
352:(ATF-104) was lost off
333:Charleroi, Pennsylvania
273:D-Day Normandy landings
254:McCloskey & Company
2392:-class concrete barges
2188:"Photos from Iwo Jima"
1974:"Kiptopeke Breakwater"
1896:Carter, Worrall Reed.
1183:tanker, is visible in
1175:
1122:51.737178°N 2.455798°W
1076:57.876873°N 6.699965°W
1045:A concrete barge, the
1022:54.135515°N 9.138452°W
806:in Charleston Harbor,
779:20.921299; -156.910139
729:, launched in 1921 in
715:36.969704; -121.913947
543:22.623439°N 79.22327°W
454:49.865238; -124.555821
388:
362:Moreton Bay Pile Light
346:
229:
125:Exposition Universelle
108:
97:
86:
1439:34.280089; 132.756295
1364:(Iwo Jima) in Japan,
1266:shipbuilding area of
1159:51.498608°N 0.18202°E
866:25.65063°N 79.29337°W
830:32.798761; -79.906863
799:can be seen near the
654:29.344249; -94.786343
605:38.944322; -74.972083
500:37.164267; -75.991402
387:was launched in 1996.
379:
221:
103:
92:
84:
1607:, 41:2, Spring 1995.
1524:www.maritime.dot.gov
1388:24.78238; 141.293095
1337:37.638340; 23.394544
1298:38.022056; 24.010368
1176:Urlich Finsterwalder
1173:The wreckage of the
1127:51.737178; -2.455798
1081:57.876873; -6.699965
1057:, Harris, Scotland,
1027:54.135515; -9.138452
840:The wreckage of the
742:Coronado, California
740:, a gaming ship off
681:Seacliff State Beach
663:Treaty of Versailles
548:22.623439; -79.22327
380:The concrete-hulled
339:, February 5, 1945:
266:concrete barge ships
2763:Miscellaneous-cargo
2276:Design 1100 tankers
2145:"Friends of Purton"
2127:. aberdeenships.com
1708:www.liverpool.ac.uk
1430: /
1379: /
1328: /
1289: /
1155: /
1118: /
1072: /
1018: /
871:25.65063; -79.29337
862: /
821: /
793:The remains of the
770: /
733:, later became the
706: /
645: /
596: /
539: /
491: /
445: /
194:Oakland, California
117:Joseph-Louis Lambot
39:reinforced concrete
2731:Type S4-SE2-BE1 ("
2718:Type S4-SE2-BD1 ("
2700:-class cable layer
2687:Landing Ship, Tank
2013:. 23 January 2017.
1862:See, for example,
1754:2007-07-11 at the
1733:2007-08-21 at the
1638:2007-03-07 at the
1164:51.498608; 0.18202
1088:. It was built by
837:, South Carolina.
389:
283:, and as floating
230:
109:
98:
87:
2932:
2931:
2883:Design 1070 ships
2849:
2848:
2778:("Coastal Cargo")
2739:attack cargo ship
2705:Type S4-S2-BB3 ("
2503:
2502:
2355:
2354:
796:Col. J. E. Sawyer
16:(Redirected from
2967:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2796:("Refrigerated")
2726:attack transport
2685:Type S3-S2-BP ("
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2228:, February 1919
2194:
2185:
2179:
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2167:
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2059:
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2042:
2036:
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2033:
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2021:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1926:. Archived from
1920:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1860:
1854:
1848:"Concrete Liner"
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1828:CanveyIsland.org
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1746:
1737:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1655:. Archived from
1653:"Violette (716)"
1648:
1642:
1630:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1564:. Archived from
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1516:
1467:
1455:
1445:
1444:
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1340:
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1326:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
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1285:
1282:
1235:
1220:
1205:
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562:The wreckage of
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506:
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428:British Columbia
277:Mulberry harbour
21:
2975:
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2935:
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2914:
2902:Old North State
2885:
2880:
2850:
2845:
2822:
2805:
2758:
2666:Special-purpose
2661:
2629:
2611:Emergency cargo
2606:
2537:
2534:
2504:
2499:
2394:
2386:
2356:
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2342:
2278:
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2231:Popular Science
2202:
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2030:
2028:
2023:
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2018:
2005:
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1992:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1957:
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1946:
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1933:
1931:
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1917:
1910:
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1878:
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1851:Popular Science
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1756:Wayback Machine
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1413:Kure, Hiroshima
1387:
1385:
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1181:Nazi-era German
1163:
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1149:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1138:Rainham, London
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
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1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
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1059:
1058:
1051:Isle of Scalpay
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:
993:
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518:Cayo Las Brujas
499:
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478:
477:
453:
451:
447:
444:
439:
436:
434:
432:
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420:
412:
374:
296:Rainham Marshes
294:including near
190:W. Leslie Comyn
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Concrete ships
2937:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2887:
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2879:
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2871:
2864:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2827:
2824:
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2820:
2813:
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2807:
2806:
2804:
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2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2713:escort carrier
2703:
2693:Type S3-S2-BP1
2690:
2683:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:("Z-ET1-S-C3")
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2614:
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2608:
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2605:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
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2566:
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2551:
2545:
2543:
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2518:
2510:
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2498:
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2434:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2396:
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2377:
2370:
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2298:
2291:
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2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2200:External links
2198:
2196:
2195:
2180:
2169:
2148:
2137:
2116:
2075:
2054:
2037:
2016:
1998:
1981:
1978:Concrete Ships
1966:
1963:Concrete Ships
1951:
1940:
1915:
1904:
1889:
1871:
1855:
1840:
1814:
1784:
1759:
1738:
1720:
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1589:
1578:
1553:
1535:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1485:Concrete canoe
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1357:
1354:
1244:
1243:
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916:
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904:
897:
895:
889:
882:
667:Gulf of Mexico
559:is abandoned.
474:Chesapeake Bay
472:Breakwater in
419:
416:
411:
408:
397:Concrete Canoe
373:
370:
292:Thames Estuary
262:Tampa, Florida
234:Woodrow Wilson
78:
75:
71:pleasure boats
31:Concrete ships
26:
24:
18:Concrete barge
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2972:
2961:
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2798:
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2792:
2790:("Passenger")
2789:
2786:
2784:("Passenger")
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2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:("VC2-S-AP1")
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
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2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
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2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:Cargo designs
2540:
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2519:
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2508:
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2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
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1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1930:on 2007-04-07
1929:
1925:
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1899:
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1785:
1774:on 2018-09-28
1773:
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1670:
1659:on 2008-04-20
1658:
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1568:on 2018-09-24
1567:
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1542:
1540:
1536:
1525:
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1515:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:Concrete Ship
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1447:
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1350:
1345:
1341:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1273:
1269:
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1261:
1257:
1256:Greek islands
1253:
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1241:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
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1168:
1139:
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1131:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1056:
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1043:
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947:
942:
939:
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930:
925:
922:
921:
913:
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901:
896:
893:
886:
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879:
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846:
845:
838:
834:
805:
804:
798:
797:
791:
789:
783:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
738:
732:
728:
723:
719:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
670:
668:
664:
658:
629:
625:
621:
620:
613:
609:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
560:
558:
552:
523:
519:
515:
514:
508:
504:
475:
471:
466:
464:
458:
429:
425:
418:North America
417:
415:
409:
407:
405:
400:
399:Competition.
398:
394:
386:
383:
378:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
311:Canvey Island
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
245:
242:
239:
236:approved the
235:
227:
226:
220:
216:
214:
210:
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202:
201:
195:
191:
186:
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176:
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114:
107:
102:
96:
91:
83:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2921:
2908:
2900:
2894:
2746:Crane vessel
2733:
2720:
2707:
2697:
2674:
2656:Liberty ship
2624:Victory ship
2620:("EC2-S-C1")
2618:Liberty ship
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2389:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2237:
2229:
2219:
2191:
2183:
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2151:
2140:
2129:. Retrieved
2119:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2078:
2067:. Retrieved
2057:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
2001:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1918:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1762:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1661:. Retrieved
1657:the original
1646:
1614:
1604:
1581:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:the original
1556:
1527:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1471:Takechi Maru
1470:
1401:Takechi Maru
1400:
1397:
1359:
1349:Adolf Hitler
1346:
1258:, including
1245:
1209:
1172:
1135:
1097:Purton Hulks
1094:
1046:
1044:
996:
994:
970:
953:
936:
919:
905:At Kiptopeke
892:Powell River
843:
839:
802:
794:
792:
788:Liberty ship
746:
736:
726:
724:
675:
671:
624:Seawolf Park
618:
614:
571:Sunset Beach
565:
561:
556:
512:
509:
476:, Virginia,
467:
424:Powell River
421:
413:
401:
390:
349:
347:
342:
336:
326:
315:
308:
289:
270:
250:World War II
246:
243:
231:
223:
204:
199:
187:
182:
174:
167:Flushing Bay
162:
160:
147:
144:
139:
133:
119:in Southern
110:
105:
57:
52:World War II
30:
29:
2830:Empire ship
2828:See also:-
2337:San Pasqual
2095:10 February
1853:, June 1944
1833:4 September
1807:3 September
1713:3 September
1437: /
1425:132°45′23″E
1386: /
1374:141°17′35″E
1335: /
1307:breakwaters
1296: /
1252:German Army
1246:During the
1162: /
1125: /
1079: /
1040:County Mayo
1025: /
971:Monte Carlo
869: /
828: /
777: /
765:156°54′37″W
737:Monte Carlo
713: /
701:121°54′50″W
652: /
615:The tanker
603: /
557:San Pasqual
546: /
513:San Pasqual
498: /
452: /
440:124°33′21″W
406:are built.
304:Westminster
163:Namsenfjord
158:, England.
106:Namsenfjord
67:Type B ship
48:World War I
35:ferrocement
2950:Ship types
2939:Categories
2922:McKittrick
2842:Ocean ship
2772:("Lakers")
2708:Casablanca
2672:Type S2 ("
2220:Cretemanor
2163:2020-07-12
2131:2014-06-01
2089:Mayo North
2069:2015-01-05
2031:2012-08-21
1934:2007-03-09
1778:2016-06-08
1663:2008-04-21
1572:2019-07-08
1529:2023-06-11
1507:References
1422:34°16′48″N
1403:No. 1 to 4
1371:24°46′57″N
1323:23°23′40″E
1320:37°38′18″N
1284:24°00′37″E
1281:38°01′19″N
1185:Dąbie Lake
1179:, a small
1147:51°29′55″N
1110:51°44′14″N
1064:57°52′37″N
1010:54°08′08″N
997:Crete Boom
857:79°17′36″W
854:25°39′02″N
816:79°54′25″W
813:32°47′56″N
762:20°55′17″N
727:McKittrick
698:36°58′11″N
689:California
640:94°47′11″W
637:29°20′39″N
591:74°58′19″W
588:38°56′40″N
579:New Jersey
534:79°13′24″W
531:22°37′24″N
486:75°59′29″W
483:37°09′51″N
437:49°51′55″N
404:houseboats
281:blockships
213:breakwater
209:bulk cargo
2895:Cape Fear
2838:Park ship
2834:Fort ship
2802:("Barge")
2651:T3 tanker
2646:T2 tanker
2641:T1 tanker
2452:Limestone
2288:Palo Alto
1864:USS
1458:At Iwo To
1210:Creteboom
1150:0°10′55″E
1113:2°27′21″W
1067:6°42′00″W
1047:Cretetree
1013:9°08′18″W
1001:River Moy
954:Palo Alto
801:USS
676:Palo Alto
628:Galveston
470:Kiptopeke
463:The Hulks
356:during a
350:Jicarilla
322:freighter
318:submarine
225:Palo Alto
215:in Cuba.
175:Cape Fear
131:in 1855.
115:built by
2955:Concrete
2819:("Tugs")
2494:Corundum
2487:Cinnabar
2459:Feldspar
2330:Cuyamaca
2302:Dinsmore
2105:cite web
1752:Archived
1731:Archived
1636:Archived
1479:See also
1189:Szczecin
969:SS
952:SS
935:SS
920:Atlantus
918:SS
842:SS
803:Yorktown
735:SS
674:SS
617:SS
575:Cape May
566:Atlantus
564:SS
511:SS
382:schooner
366:Brisbane
300:moorings
285:pontoons
198:SS
171:New York
148:Violette
127:held in
2788:Type P2
2782:Type P1
2770:Type L6
2750:Derrick
2734:Artemis
2721:Gilliam
2698:Neptune
2680:frigate
2602:Type N3
2596:Type C9
2589:Type C8
2582:Type C7
2575:Type C6
2569:Type C5
2564:Type C4
2559:Type C3
2554:Type C2
2549:Type C1
2480:Lignite
2445:Bauxite
2438:Asphalt
2431:Carmita
2404:Trefoil
2390:Trefoil
2295:Peralta
2192:Hot Air
1311:Methana
1268:Piraeus
1240:Rainham
1187:, near
1055:Tarbert
1036:Ballina
985:YOGN 42
725:The SS
683:, near
385:Larinda
358:typhoon
329:Pacific
320:shaped
140:Liguria
95:Chicago
77:History
2960:Barges
2909:Sapona
2817:Type V
2800:Type B
2794:Type R
2776:Type N
2736:-class
2723:-class
2710:-class
2677:-class
2675:Tacoma
2634:Tanker
2473:Barite
2418:Silica
2411:Quartz
2316:Latham
2309:Moffit
1866:Quartz
1362:Iwo To
1305:) and
1272:Rafina
1264:Perama
1225:Purton
1193:Soviet
1101:Purton
991:Europe
844:Sapona
753:YOG-42
354:Saipan
183:Sapona
136:barges
121:France
113:dinghy
2753:Barge
2425:Slate
2323:Selma
1356:Japan
1260:Crete
1053:near
937:Selma
749:Lanai
685:Aptos
619:Selma
573:near
372:Today
205:Faith
200:Faith
129:Paris
58:Selma
43:steel
2810:Tugs
2466:Marl
2111:link
2097:2023
1835:2022
1809:2022
1715:2022
1473:No.2
1095:The
672:The
522:Cuba
468:The
337:Mail
156:Kent
104:The
50:and
1408:武智丸
1344:).
1238:At
1223:At
1208:SS
890:At
626:in
364:in
306:.
302:at
256:of
152:Hoo
56:SS
2941::
2840:,
2836:,
2832:,
2741:")
2728:")
2715:")
2702:")
2695:("
2689:")
2682:")
2428:/
2190:.
2107:}}
2103:{{
2087:.
2009:.
1984:^
1976:.
1961:.
1882:.
1826:.
1800:.
1787:^
1741:^
1706:.
1625:^
1592:^
1538:^
1522:.
1446:.
1415:,
1313:,
1274:,
1140:.
1038:,
1003:,
790:.
755:,
691:,
687:,
669:.
630:,
612:.
581:,
577:,
524:,
520:,
465:.
430:,
426:,
335:,
203:.
169:,
154:,
142:.
73:.
61:.
2875:e
2868:t
2861:v
2844:.
2755:"
2748:-
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2598:)
2594:(
2591:)
2587:(
2584:)
2580:(
2577:)
2573:(
2529:e
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2268:e
2261:t
2254:v
2166:.
2134:.
2113:)
2099:.
2072:.
2034:.
1996:.
1937:.
1869:.
1837:.
1811:.
1781:.
1717:.
1666:.
1575:.
1550:.
1532:.
1405:(
177:(
37:(
20:)
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