445:
which concurrently defines a framework for action. But in no way they describe the whole reality of an epoch. Furthermore, their power to explain individual actions is limited. The epochal "reality" is no straitjacket which does not allow freedom of action. Nevertheless, in each epoch there are
511:
is marked, among others, by contradictions between acceleration and slowness – between living rhythm and mechanical pace – between linear-abstract and irreversible time – between cyclical, progressing and situational time. Historical change saw for instance the transformation from the noble
458:
culture, which spread in
Denmark during the 1980s, developed the configurational analysis further, revealing inner tensions and contradictions of a given society. The configurative approach was applied to the analysis and especially to comparison of different fields of activities: popular
622:
Above these basic body-cultural processes, body culture shows patterns of organizational and institutional character as well as the meanings and ideas, which are ascribed to bodily practices. Mainstream studies of sport often over-emphasize these
491:
cultures. Configurational analysis focused on bodily movement in time and space, on the energy of movement, on interpersonal relations, and on the objectification of movement. Above this basis, analysis included the superstructure of
617:, reproduction and a-productive encounters in bodily activity – between producing data or pictures by movement. The production of records by modern sports has been a central point for understanding modern industrial behaviour.
832:. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer; Kalckhoff, Andreas (1982): "Historische Verhaltensforschung: Ethnologie unserer Vergangenheit. Die Konfiguration eines Aufstandes im 10. Jahrhundert", in Gehlen, Rolf & Wolf, Bernd (eds.):
853:
London: Routledge; id. - 2001: “Thinking contradictions. Towards a methodology of configurational analysis, or: How to reconstruct the societal signification of movement culture and sport.” In: Knut
Dietrich (ed.):
662:
of
Medieval cathedrals). Like configuration, habitus was illustrative for a certain homology, which could be found inside a given social formation or class and as distinction between different
1024:
Kalckhoff, Andreas (1982): "Historische
Verhaltensforschung: Ethnologie unserer Vergangenheit. Die Konfiguration eines Aufstandes im 10. Jahrhundert", in Gehlen, Rolf & Wolf, Bernd (eds.):
972:
2001: “Thinking contradictions. Towards a methodology of configurational analysis, or: How to reconstruct the societal signification of movement culture and sport.” In: Knut
Dietrich (ed.):
446:
typical ways to act or to behave, to move or to think. They correspond with the way people perceive reality. Acting or thinking in this way may be right or wrong – it is typical anyway.
678:
geometry of people’s living space and inhabitations, their world and their understanding of God. Micro- and macrospheres were related to each other by characteristic configurations.
204:
602:– about winners and losers – about you- and we-relations in motion. The study of sports has especially been enriched by the attention to gender unbalances in body culture.
1092:
66:, which are conceived as mainstreams in historical studies. Configurations of human behaviour and movement have attracted special attention in the framework of
117:(1938) used the term ”diagram” to describe an order of conceived reality both in scientific and in literary understanding. This was his key to a "materialist
682:
In any of these approaches, “configuration” made it possible to compare concrete human practice – i.e. “material” bodily phenomena – with larger spheres of
544:
as a specific modern way of organising the space of movement and bodily visibility around 1800 showed the societal depth of this analysis.
536:– between connection and parcellation of spaces – between geometrical and directed space – between space, place and intermediary space.
198:
constructed the genealogical trees of plants and animals as a tableau of life. An ironical picture of this configuration was given by
89:
613:
is especially characteristic for modern body cultures. Bodily movement is reified in a tension between process and result – between
391:
showed some common configurations as: the functional parceling of space, a new dynamic of “progress” and speed, the modern taste of
631:), while the configurational analysis of body culture gives priority to the focus on bodily practice, in the framework of a
137:– in English: ”configuration” – becoming visible in play of cards, dance and football. He described these configurations as
167:
in historical studies of philosophy, in order to characterize “the order of the things”, patterns of knowledge changing in
262:
45:
418:) (being more static and systematic, and related to the negative term of the non-systematic), from “style” (being more
658:” to describe patterns of action, of bodily practice and presentation, of taste and aesthetic form (comparable to the
635:
552:
consists of a multiplicity of different atmospheres, radiations, moods and modes of attunement. Modern suspension (
153:(the fluctuating balance of suspense, the to-and-fro of a balance of power). This became a key to his sociology of
67:
1087:
368:
431:
265:, as they were developed at the University of Stuttgart during the 1970s by the historians August Nitschke and
524:
with their patterns of speed, acceleration, and flow, which characterized industrial behaviour more generally.
647:
Configurational analysis can be compared with other contemporary approaches in cultural and social studies.
628:
594:
501:
99:”. Configuration denoted a whole of social attitudes, practices and beliefs and was nearly identical with “
1077:
309:
288:
This analytical approach was comparable to concepts, which in recent time have challenged historiography:
957:
Leistung, Spannung
Geschwindigkeit. Sport und Tanz im gesellschaftlichen Wandel des 18./19. Jahrhunderts.
817:
Leistung, Spannung
Geschwindigkeit. Sport und Tanz im gesellschaftlichen Wandel des 18./19. Jahrhunderts.
171:
disruptions. The configurations of savoir changed, according to
Foucault, in following historical steps:
1082:
301:
107:
Indians and the
Indians of the prairies, between Japanese and Western culture – and in a perspective of
49:
655:
434:
in sociology). In contrast to these terms, configuration denotes a more dynamic pattern in change.
317:
180:
108:
237:. On the background of these modern configurations, which took their form around 1800, individual
573:
484:
285:. Configurations were similarities, analogies and changing patterns of figures in a given space.
234:
214:
1072:
778:
614:
408:
849:
University of
Copenhagen: Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences; Eichberg, Henning 1998:
671:
569:
468:
400:
337:
313:
266:
114:
59:
37:
21:
437:
Configurations as patterns of behaviour, movement and thinking reflect man's perception of
894:
651:
608:
581:
537:
516:
of the eighteenth century with their circulating and formally measured patterns to modern
464:
415:
282:
226:
199:
168:
160:
122:
33:
991:Ăśber den Prozess der Zivilisation. Soziogenetische und psychogenetische Untersuchungen.
737:Ăśber den Prozess der Zivilisation. Soziogenetische und psychogenetische Untersuchungen.
663:
341:
329:
321:
118:
1066:
858:
University of Copenhagen: Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, 10-32; id. 2010:
376:
360:
305:
297:
245:
There are indicators that these configurations may disappear or transform again in a
230:
128:
85:
32:
and/ or historical changes. The term “configurations” is mostly used by comparative
675:
659:
493:
423:
404:
380:
293:
238:
222:
154:
82:
Configurations in different cultures were studied since early twentieth century.
632:
585:
396:
364:
348:
320:). The configurational approach contrasted deliberately with the mainstream of
246:
185:
176:
71:
194:
The 18th century constructed the tableau as a universal grammar. On this base,
565:
541:
517:
472:
455:
442:
384:
372:
333:
325:
834:
Werner MĂĽller zu seinem 75.Geburtstag, Unter dem Pflaster liegt der Strand 11
131:(1939, 1970) described certain patterns of relations between human beings as
533:
513:
460:
427:
419:
289:
218:
151:
das fluktuierende Spannungsgleichgewicht, das Hin und Her einer Machtbalance
63:
17:
572:. This coincidence was illustrative for the configurational change towards
976:
University of Copenhagen: Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, 10-32.
414:
The applied concept of “configuration” was here different from "system" (→
93:
577:
553:
392:
195:
29:
25:
928:
Bourdieu, Pierre 1966/67: "Champs intellectuel et projet créateur." In:
871:
Bourdieu, Pierre 1966/67: "Champs intellectuel et projet créateur." In:
830:
Heilige in dieser Welt. Persönliche Autorität und politische Wirksamkeit
687:
683:
480:
438:
100:
96:
183:
shaped an ironical picture of this configuration by the phantasmas of
599:
561:
532:
is characterized by contradictions between the straight line and the
521:
488:
476:
241:
was constructed, as well as the dynamic of industrial life developed.
277:(orders of the body) as “configurations” when comparing patterns of
952:
University of Copenhagen: Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences
388:
356:
352:
261:) became a particular methodological approach in the framework of
92:
by using the term of “configurations” as a translation of German “
674:(1998/99) developed a cultural ”morphology”, which described the
121:". Bachelard’s approach became later a source of inspiration for
1028:, Unter dem Pflaster liegt der Strand 11. Berlin: Karin Kramer.
504:), which organize and reflect collective actions and interests.
497:
179:
focused on the chains of similarities, going from sign to sign.
104:
16:
In cultural and social studies, configurations are patterns of
278:
430:” (having undertones of “the functional”, as a heritage from
399:, and the production of result tables. The configurations of
139:
das sich wandelnde Muster, das die Spieler miteinander bilden
773:
Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog; id. 1975 (ed.):
141:(the changing pattern, which players form with each other),
1019:
The Order of Things. An Archeology of the Human Sciences.
942:
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.
881:
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.
758:
The Order of Things. An Archeology of the Human Sciences.
134:
347:
The configurational analysis was especially applied to
576:. Social energy was also illustrated by the study of
205:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
44:became a special method by the Stuttgart school of
28:, which research observes when analysing different
1041:Verhaltenswandel in der industriellen Revolution.
775:Verhaltenswandel in der industriellen Revolution.
560:) emerged in eighteenth and nineteenth century’s
974:How Societies Create Movement Culture and Sport.
950:How Societies Create Movement Culture and Sport.
856:How Societies Create Movement Culture and Sport.
847:How Societies Create Movement Culture and Sport.
324:explaining history by the aims of its actors (
253:Configurations in historical behaviour studies
111:: Each culture has configurations of its own.
1033:Kunst und Verhalten. Analoge Konfigurationen.
804:Kunst und Verhalten. Analoge Konfigurationen.
771:Kunst und Verhalten. Analoge Konfigurationen.
8:
103:”. It was used for comparison – between the
1035:Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog
806:Stuttgart-Bad-Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog
556:, tension, thrill, excitement – in German
88:(1934) contributed to the anthropology of
78:Configurations in earlier cultural studies
993:Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp . – English 1982:
654:(1966/67, 1979) launched the concept of ”
739:Frankfort/ Main Suhrkamp; English 1982:
598:in bodily movement tell about power and
698:
450:Configurations in body culture studies
58:is marked by its distance towards the
1093:Concepts in the philosophy of history
1026:Werner MĂĽller zu seinem 75.Geburtstag
407:orientation, which characterized the
7:
1060:Vols.1-3, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp.
1009:New York: Columbia University Press.
257:Configurational analysis (in German
1017:Paris: Gallimard . – English 1970:
925:Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin
568:at the same time as it appeared in
1005:München: Juventa. – English 1978:
899:Vols.1-3, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp
709:Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin
643:Further configurational approaches
441:. They give an epochal pattern of
149:(interdependence of players), and
14:
273:(patterns of space and time) and
1050:Historische Verhaltensforschung.
791:Historische Verhaltensforschung.
756:Paris: Gallimard; English 1970:
422:and having undertones of taste,
940:Paris: Minuit. – English 1984:
879:Paris: Minuit. – English 1984:
48:during the 1970s and later by
1:
1058:Sphären. Plurale Sphärologie.
1056:Sloterdijk, Peter 1998/2004:
892:Sloterdijk, Peter 1998/2004:
471:), sportive and non-sportive
895:Sphären. Plurale Sphärologie
426:and stylization), and from “
263:Historical Behaviour Studies
213:The 19th century discovered
46:Historical Behaviour Studies
948:Dietrich, Knut 2001 (ed.):
845:Dietrich, Knut 2001 (ed.):
403:prefigured the patterns of
1109:
351:and historical studies of
147:Interdependenz der Spieler
875:, 22, 865-906; id. 1979:
828:Nitschke, August (1962):
550:Energy of bodily movement
145:(relations of suspense),
955:Eichberg, Henning 1978:
910:Bachelard, Gaston 1938:
815:Eichberg, Henning 1978:
718:Bachelard, Gaston 1938:
530:Space of bodily movement
432:structural functionalism
308:), structural thinking (
56:Configurational analysis
42:Configurational analysis
1031:Nitschke, August 1975:
1015:Les mots et les choses.
1013:Foucault, Michel 1966:
995:The Civilizing Process.
959:Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta
916:Psychoanalysis of fire.
912:La psychanalyse du feu.
836:. Berlin: Karin Kramer.
802:Nitschke, August 1975:
789:Nitschke, August 1981:
769:Nitschke, August 1975:
754:Les mots et les choses.
752:Foucault, Michel 1966:
741:The Civilizing Process.
724:Psychoanalysis of fire.
720:La psychanalyse du feu;
629:Base and superstructure
595:Interpersonal relations
509:Time of bodily movement
502:Base and superstructure
328:), as an expression of
819:Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta
340:) or by interests (in
1043:Stuttgart: Kohlhammer
989:Elias, Norbert 1939:
921:Benedict, Ruth 1934:
735:Elias, Norbert 1939:
705:Benedict, Ruth 1934:
302:Affect control theory
271:raum-zeitliche Muster
259:Konfigurationsanalyse
233:, and in language as
163:(1966) used the term
923:Patterns of Culture.
707:Patterns of Culture.
580:in the tradition of
316:), and interaction (
269:. Nitschke analyzed
70:and particularly in
50:body culture studies
1021:New York: Pantheon
1003:Was ist Soziologie?
395:, the principle of
318:George Herbert Mead
310:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
296:), affect control (
181:Miguel de Cervantes
109:cultural relativism
1007:What is Sociology?
997:Oxford: Blackwell
760:New York: Pantheon
611:of bodily movement
574:industrial society
485:outdoor activities
235:linguistic history
985:London: Routledge
983:Bodily Democracy.
967:London: Routledge
944:London: Routledge
883:London: Routledge
862:London: Routledge
860:Bodily Democracy.
779:Kohlhammer Verlag
743:Oxford Blackwell.
615:social production
359:as indicators of
275:Körperanordnungen
1100:
1088:Cultural studies
1052:Stuttgart: Ulmer
914:– English 1964:
900:
890:
884:
869:
863:
843:
837:
826:
820:
813:
807:
800:
794:
793:Stuttgart: Ulmer
787:
781:
767:
761:
750:
744:
733:
727:
716:
710:
703:
672:Peter Sloterdijk
570:detective novels
540:'s study of the
487:, and different
469:physical fitness
401:movement culture
338:history of ideas
314:David McClelland
281:and patterns of
267:Henning Eichberg
229:, in economy as
208:(part 1 - 1759).
189:(part 1 - 1605).
165:la configuration
115:Gaston Bachelard
90:Native Americans
60:history of ideas
38:cultural history
22:movement culture
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1063:
1062:
938:La distinction.
918:Boston: Beacon
908:
903:
891:
887:
877:La distinction.
870:
866:
844:
840:
827:
823:
814:
810:
801:
797:
788:
784:
768:
764:
751:
747:
734:
730:
717:
713:
704:
700:
696:
652:Pierre Bourdieu
645:
625:superstructures
609:Objectification
584:'s analysis of
582:Mikhail Bakhtin
465:fitness culture
452:
416:cultural system
304:), perception (
283:social behavior
255:
227:natural history
200:Laurence Sterne
169:epistemological
161:Michel Foucault
143:SpannungsgefĂĽge
123:Michel Foucault
80:
74:phenomenology.
36:studies and by
34:anthropological
12:
11:
5:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1011:
1010:
987:
986:
978:
977:
969:
968:
965:Body Cultures.
946:
945:
932:, 22, 865-906
930:Temps modernes
907:
904:
902:
901:
885:
873:Temps modernes
864:
851:Body Cultures.
838:
821:
808:
795:
782:
762:
745:
728:
726:Boston: Beacon
722:English 1964:
711:
697:
695:
692:
680:
679:
668:
667:
664:social classes
644:
641:
640:
639:
619:
618:
604:
603:
590:
589:
546:
545:
526:
525:
451:
448:
409:Industrial Age
342:social history
330:weltanschauung
322:historiography
254:
251:
243:
242:
210:
209:
191:
190:
119:psychoanalysis
79:
76:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1105:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Phenomenology
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
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1029:
1027:
1022:
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1016:
1008:
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996:
992:
984:
980:
979:
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966:
962:
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960:
958:
953:
951:
943:
939:
935:
934:
933:
931:
926:
924:
919:
917:
913:
905:
898:
896:
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886:
882:
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874:
868:
865:
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857:
852:
848:
842:
839:
835:
831:
825:
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818:
812:
809:
805:
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792:
786:
783:
780:
776:
772:
766:
763:
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749:
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732:
729:
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721:
715:
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689:
685:
677:
673:
670:
669:
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661:
657:
653:
650:
649:
648:
642:
637:
636:phenomenology
634:
630:
626:
621:
620:
616:
612:
610:
606:
605:
601:
597:
596:
592:
591:
587:
583:
579:
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571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
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527:
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515:
510:
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505:
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499:
495:
490:
486:
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478:
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466:
462:
457:
449:
447:
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440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:equestrianism
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:social change
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Lucien Febvre
303:
299:
298:Norbert Elias
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
240:
236:
232:
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212:
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207:
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197:
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182:
178:
174:
173:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
130:
129:Norbert Elias
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
86:Ruth Benedict
83:
77:
75:
73:
69:
68:phenomenology
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
20:, movement (→
19:
1083:Anthropology
1057:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1039:1975 (ed.):
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
988:
982:
973:
964:
956:
954:
949:
947:
941:
937:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
911:
909:
906:Bibliography
893:
888:
880:
876:
872:
867:
859:
855:
850:
846:
841:
833:
829:
824:
816:
811:
803:
798:
790:
785:
774:
770:
765:
757:
753:
748:
740:
736:
731:
723:
719:
714:
706:
701:
681:
676:psychosocial
660:Gothic style
646:
624:
607:
593:
557:
549:
529:
508:
494:institutions
483:, different
453:
436:
424:subjectivity
413:
405:productivity
381:martial arts
367:analysis of
346:
294:Georges Duby
287:
274:
270:
258:
256:
244:
239:subjectivity
223:life science
203:
184:
164:
159:
155:civilization
150:
146:
142:
138:
132:
127:
113:
84:
81:
55:
54:
52:in Denmark.
41:
15:
777:Stuttgart:
633:materialist
586:Renaissance
454:Studies of
397:competition
365:comparative
349:comparative
247:post-modern
186:Don Quixote
177:Renaissance
133:figuration
72:materialist
1067:Categories
566:ball games
542:panopticon
518:gymnastics
473:ball games
443:perception
385:gymnastics
373:ball games
334:psychology
326:pragmatism
312:), needs (
231:production
97:de:Gestalt
64:intentions
558:Spannung'
534:labyrinth
514:exercises
461:festivity
428:structure
420:aesthetic
369:athletics
290:mentality
219:evolution
18:behaviour
1073:Analysis
588:society.
578:laughter
554:suspense
538:Foucault
475:, sport
393:suspense
215:progress
30:cultures
26:thinking
688:culture
684:society
656:habitus
481:parcour
439:reality
202:in his
101:culture
94:Gestalt
1048:1981:
1001:1970:
981:2010:
963:1998:
936:1979:
600:gender
562:boxing
522:sports
489:health
477:racing
387:, and
363:. The
24:) and
694:Notes
498:ideas
389:dance
357:dance
353:sport
249:age.
221:– in
196:Linné
686:and
564:and
520:and
496:and
479:and
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