Conformity - Knowledge (XXG)

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the line task, each confederate had already decided what response they would give. The real members of the experimental group sat in the last position, while the others were pre-arranged experimenters who gave apparently incorrect answers in unison; Asch recorded the last person's answer to analyze the influence of conformity. Surprisingly, about one third (32%) of the participants who were placed in this situation sided with the clearly incorrect majority on the critical trials. Over the 12 critical trials, about 75% of participants conformed at least once. After being interviewed, subjects acknowledged that they did not actually agree with the answers given by others. The majority of them, however, believe that groups are wiser or do not want to appear as mavericks and choose to repeat the same obvious misconception. It is clear from this that conformity has a powerful effect on human perception and behavior, even to the extent that it can be faked against a person's basic belief system.

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to group opinions. They discovered that among participants that were 19 years or older, females conformed to group opinions more so than males when under surveillance (i.e., anticipated that their responses would be shared with group members). However, there were no gender differences in conformity among participants who were under 19 years of age and in surveillance conditions. There were also no gender differences when participants were not under surveillance. In a subsequent research article, Eagly suggests that women are more likely to conform than men because of lower status roles of women in society. She suggests that more submissive roles (i.e., conforming) are expected of individuals that hold low status roles. Still, Eagly and Chrvala's results do conflict with previous research which have found higher conformity levels among younger rather than older individuals.

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the situation in which Asch's subjects find themselves they find that the situation places multiple demands on participants: They include truth (i.e., expressing one's own view accurately), trust (i.e., taking seriously the value of others' claims), and social solidarity (i.e., a commitment to integrate the views of self and others without deprecating). In addition to these epistemic values, there are multiple moral claims as well: These include the need for participants to care for the integrity and well-being of other participants, the experimenter, themselves, and the worth of scientific research.

304:. The participants stated estimates ranging from 1–10 inches. On the first day, each person perceived different amounts of movement, but from the second to the fourth day, the same estimate was agreed on and others conformed to it. Over time, the personal estimates converged with the other group members' estimates once discussing their judgments aloud. Sherif suggested this was a simulation for how social norms develop in a society, providing a common frame of reference for people. His findings emphasize that people rely on others to interpret ambiguous stimuli and new situations. 383:

situation they were put in made them act accordingly to their role. Furthermore, this study elucidates the idea that humans conform to expected roles. Good people (i.e. the guards before the experiment) were transformed into perpetrators of evil. Healthy people (i.e. the prisoners before the experiment) were subject to pathological reactions. These aspects are also traceable to situational forces. This experiment also demonstrated the notion of the banality of evil which explains that evil is not something special or rare, but it is something that exists in all ordinary people.

501:, doing or saying something without believing in it. The experiment of Asch in 1951 is one example of normative influence. Even though John Turner et al. argued that the post experimental interviews showed that the respondents were uncertain about the correct answers in some cases. The answers might have been evident to the experimenters, but the participants did not have the same experience. Subsequent studies pointed out the fact that the participants were not known to each other and therefore did not pose a threat against social rejection. See: 591: 741:

the time in Norway during critical trials. Milgram also conducted the same experiment once more, but told participants that the results of the study would be applied to the design of aircraft safety signals. His conformity estimates were 56% in Norway and 46% in France, suggesting that individuals conformed slightly less when the task was linked to an important issue. Stanley Milgram's study demonstrated that Asch's study could be replicated with other stimuli, and that in the case of tones, there was a high degree of conformity.

569:, a special case of informational influence. Minority influence is most likely when people can make a clear and consistent case for their point of view. If the minority fluctuates and shows uncertainty, the chance of influence is small. However, a minority that makes a strong, convincing case increases the probability of changing the majority's beliefs and behaviors. Minority members who are perceived as experts, are high in status, or have benefited the group in the past are also more likely to succeed. 364:

factors of the experiment is the position of the authority figure relative to the subject (the shocker) along with the position of the learner (the one getting shocked). There is a reduction in conformity depending on if the authority figure or learner was in the same room as the subject. When the authority figure was in another room and only phoned to give their orders the obedience rate went down to 20.5%. When the learner was in the same room as the subject the obedience rate dropped to 40%.

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variants for the experiment, one of the actors was supposed to give the correct answer, being an "ally" to the participant. With an ally, the participant was more likely to give the correct answer than he was before the ally. In addition, if the participant was able to write down the answer, instead of saying out loud, he was also more likely to put the correct answer. The reason for that is because he was not afraid of being different from the rest of the group since the answers were hidden.

799:(OFC) in conformity not only at the time of social influence, but also later on, when participants are given an opportunity to conform by selecting an action. In particular, Charpentier et al. found that the OFC mirrors the exposure to social influence at a subsequent time point, when a decision is being made without the social influence being present. The tendency to conform has also been observed in the structure of the OFC, with a greater 677:

there was a discrepancy amongst group members, and thus the subjects reported that they doubted their own judgments. Sistrunk and McDavid made the argument that women conformed more because of a methodological bias. They argued that because stereotypes used in studies are generally male ones (sports, cars..) more than female ones (cooking, fashion..), women are feeling uncertain and conformed more, which was confirmed by their results.

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very important and would be used by the legal community. To the other it was simply a trial. Being more motivated to get the right answer increased the tendency to conform. Those who wanted to be more accurate conformed 51% of the time as opposed to 35% in the other group. Sherif's study provided a framework for subsequent studies of influence such as Solomon Asch's 1955 study.

6078: 6066: 577:" (an inconsiderate or negligent group member) can substantially increase conflicts and reduce performance in work groups. Bad apples often create a negative emotional climate that interferes with healthy group functioning. They can be avoided by careful selection procedures and managed by reassigning them to positions that require less social interaction. 84:. People display conformity in response to informational influence when they believe the group is better informed, or in response to normative influence when they are afraid of rejection. When the advocated norm could be correct, the informational influence is more important than the normative influence, while otherwise the normative influence dominates. 379:

pretend prison setting on the Stanford University Campus. The study was set to be over the course of two weeks but it was abruptly cut short because of the behaviors the subjects were exuding. It was terminated due to the "guards" taking on tyrannical and discriminatory characteristics while "prisoners" showed blatant signs of depression and distress.

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conform to that majority. Similarly, the less ambiguous the task or decision is, the more likely someone will conform to the group. When tasks are ambiguous people are less pressured to conform. Task difficulty also increases conformity, but research has found that conformity increases when the task is difficult but also important.

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they are more likely to depend on others for the answer; and during a crisis when immediate action is necessary, in spite of panic. Looking to other people can help ease fears, but unfortunately, they are not always right. The more knowledgeable a person is, the more valuable they are as a resource. Thus, people often turn to

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one series the size of the opposition was varied from one to 15 persons." The results clearly showed that as more people opposed the subject, the subject became more likely to conform. However, the increasing majority was only influential up to a point: from three or more opponents, there is more than 30% of conformity.

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Research has found different group and situation factors that affect conformity. Accountability increases conformity, if an individual is trying to be accepted by a group which has certain preferences, then individuals are more likely to conform to match the group. Similarly, the attractiveness

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Researchers have also reported an interaction of gender and age on conformity. Eagly and Chrvala examined the role of age (under 19 years vs. 19 years and older), gender and surveillance (anticipating responses to be shared with group members vs. not anticipating responses being shared) on conformity

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Societal norms often establish gender differences and researchers have reported differences in the way men and women conform to social influence. For example, Alice Eagly and Linda Carli performed a meta-analysis of 148 studies of influenceability. They found that women are more persuadable and more

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found that individuals in Norway (from a collectivistic culture) exhibited a higher degree of conformity than individuals in France (from an individualistic culture). Similarly, Berry studied two different populations: the Temne (collectivists) and the Inuit (individualists) and found that the Temne

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Normative social influence occurs when one conforms to be liked or accepted by the members of the group. This need of social approval and acceptance is part of our state of humans. In addition to this, we know that when people do not conform with their group and therefore are deviants, they are less

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Informational social influence occurs when one turns to the members of one's group to obtain and accept accurate information about reality. A person is most likely to use informational social influence in certain situations: when a situation is ambiguous, people become uncertain about what to do and

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in order to portray obedience to authority. They measured the willingness of participants (men aged 20 to 50 from a diverse range of occupations with different levels of education) to obey the instructions from an authority figure to supply fake electric shocks that would gradually increase to fatal

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Solomon E. Asch conducted a modification of Sherif's study, assuming that when the situation was very clear, conformity would be drastically reduced. He exposed people in a group to a series of lines, and the participants were asked to match one line with a standard line. All participants except one

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Subsequent experiments were based on more realistic situations. In an eyewitness identification task, participants were shown a suspect individually and then in a lineup of other suspects. They were given one second to identify him, making it a difficult task. One group was told that their input was

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Changing one's behaviors to match the responses of others, which is conformity, can be conscious or not. People have an intrinsic tendency to unconsciously imitate other's behaviors such as gesture, language, talking speed, and other actions of the people they interact with. There are two other main

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Research has also found that as individuals become more aware that they disagree with the majority they feel more pressure, and hence are more likely to conform to the decisions of the group. Likewise, when responses must be made face-face, individuals increasingly conform, and therefore conformity

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In the same way that gender has been viewed as corresponding to status, age has also been argued to have status implications. Berger, Rosenholtz and Zelditch suggest that age as a status role can be observed among college students. Younger students, such as those in their first year in college, are

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found that the percentage of conformity errors within the Asch paradigm was significantly lower in Japan than in the United States, especially in the prize condition. Another study published in 2008, which compared the level of conformity among Japanese in-groups (peers from the same college clubs)

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as compared to six-person groups of strangers. Because friends already know and accept each other, there may be less normative pressure to conform in some situations. Field studies on cigarette and alcohol abuse, however, generally demonstrate evidence of friends exerting normative social influence

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Hodges and Geyer (2006) found that Asch's subjects were not so conformist after all: The experiments provide powerful evidence for people's tendency to tell the truth even when others do not. They also provide compelling evidence of people's concern for others and their views. By closely examining

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After his first test, Asch wanted to investigate whether the size or unanimity of the majority had greater influence on test subjects. "Which aspect of the influence of a majority is more important – the size of the majority or its unanimity? The experiment was modified to examine this question. In

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There is also the factor that the mere presence of a person can influence whether one is conforming or not. Norman Triplett (1898) was the researcher that initially discovered the impact that mere presence has, especially among peers. In other words, all people can affect society. We are influenced

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demonstrates how much influence conformity has on people. In a laboratory experiment, Asch asked 50 male students from Swarthmore College in the US to participate in a 'vision test'. Asch put a naive participant in a room with seven confederates/stooges in a line judgment task. When confronted with

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In 1961 Stanley Milgram published a study in which he utilized Asch's conformity paradigm using audio tones instead of lines; he conducted his study in Norway and France. He found substantially higher levels of conformity than Asch, with participants conforming 50% of the time in France and 62% of

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treated as lower-status individuals and older college students are treated as higher-status individuals. Therefore, given these status roles, it would be expected that younger individuals (low status) conform to the majority whereas older individuals (high status) would be expected not to conform.

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The composition of the group plays a role in conformity as well. In a study by Reitan and Shaw, it was found that men and women conformed more when there were participants of both sexes involved versus participants of the same sex. Subjects in the groups with both sexes were more apprehensive when

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that focused on normative influence. In this version, the task was easier. Each participant had five seconds to look at a slide instead of just one second. Once again, there were both high and low motives to be accurate, but the results were the reverse of the first study. The low motivation group

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Muzafer Sherif was interested in knowing how many people would change their opinions to bring them in line with the opinion of a group. In his experiment, participants were placed in a dark room and asked to stare at a small dot of light 15 feet away. They were then asked to estimate the amount it

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This experiment, led by psychology professor Philip G. Zimbardo, recruited Stanford students using a local newspaper ad, who he checked to be both physically and mentally healthy. Subjects were either assigned the role of a "prisoner" or "guard" at random over an extended period of time, within a

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Besides that, this experiment proved that conformity is powerful, but also fragile. It is powerful because just by having actors giving the wrong answer made the participant to also give the wrong answer, even though they knew it was not correct. It is also fragile, however, because in one of the

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Conformity has also been shown to be linked to cohesiveness. Cohesiveness is how strongly members of a group are linked together, and conformity has been found to increase as group cohesiveness increases. Similarly, conformity is also higher when individuals are committed and wish to stay in the

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In this experiment, the subjects did not have punishments or rewards if they chose to disobey or obey. All they might receive is disapproval or approval from the experimenter. Since this is the case they had no motives to sway them to perform the immoral orders or not. One of the most important

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Some adolescents gain acceptance and recognition from their peers by conformity. This peer moderated conformity increases from the transition of childhood to adolescence. It follows a U-shaped age pattern wherein conformity increases through childhood, peaking at sixth and ninth grades and then

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Accuracy also effects conformity, as the more accurate and reasonable the majority is in their decision than the more likely the individual will be to conform. As mentioned earlier, size also effects individuals' likelihood to conform. The larger the majority the more likely an individual will

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Moreover, a study suggests that the effects of group size depend on the type of social influence operating. This means that in situations where the group is clearly wrong, conformity will be motivated by normative influence; the participants will conform in order to be accepted by the group. A

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Research has noted age differences in conformity. For example, research with Australian children and adolescents ages 3 to 17 discovered that conformity decreases with age. Another study examined individuals that were ranged from ages 18 to 91. The results revealed a similar trend – older

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According to Deutsch and Gérard (1955), conformity results from a motivational conflict (between the fear of being socially rejected and the wish to say what we think is correct) that leads to normative influence, and a cognitive conflict (others create doubts in what we think) which leads to

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In essence, this study showed us a lot about conformity and power imbalance. For one, it demonstrates how situations determines the way our behavior is shaped and predominates over our personality, attitudes, and individual morals. Those chosen to be "guards" were not mean-spirited. But, the

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may manifest negatively, conformity can be regarded as either good or bad. Driving on the conventionally-approved side of the road may be seen as beneficial conformity. With the appropriate environmental influence, conforming, in early childhood years, allows one to learn and thus, adopt the

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in 1951 stated that increasing the size of the group will have no additional impact beyond a majority of size three. Brown and Byrne's 1997 study described a possible explanation that people may suspect collusion when the majority exceeds three or four. Gerard's 1968 study reported a linear

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Bond and Smith compared 134 studies in a meta-analysis and found that there is a positive correlation between a country's level of collectivistic values and conformity rates in the Asch paradigm. Bond and Smith also reported that conformity has declined in the United States over time.

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The results showed a surprisingly high degree of conformity: 74% of the participants conformed on at least one trial. On average people conformed one third of the time. A question is how the group would affect individuals in a situation where the correct answer is less obvious.

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relationship between the group size and conformity when the group size ranges from two to seven people. According to Latane's 1981 study, the number of the majority is one factor that influences the degree of conformity, and there are other factors like strength and immediacy.

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or "true conformity", involves both publicly and privately agreeing with the group's decision. In the case of private acceptance, the person conforms to the group by changing their beliefs and attitudes. Thus, this represents a true change of opinion to match the majority.

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levels. Regardless of these instructions going against their personal conscience, 65% of the participants shocked all the way to 450 volts, fully obeying the instruction, even if they did so reluctantly. Additionally, all participants shocked to at least 300 volts.

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conforming than men in group pressure situations that involve surveillance. Eagly has proposed that this sex difference may be due to different sex roles in society. Women are generally taught to be more agreeable whereas men are taught to be more independent.

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declines. Adolescents often follow the logic that "if everyone else is doing it, then it must be good and right". However, it is found that they are more likely to conform if peer pressure involves neutral activities such as those in sports, entertainment, and

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is how close the group is in time and space when the influence is taking place. Psychologists have constructed a mathematical model using these three factors and are able to predict the amount of conformity that occurs with some degree of accuracy.

655:, along with Eiko Osaka reviewed four behavioral studies and found that the rate of conformity errors that the Japanese subjects manifested in the Asch paradigm was similar with that manifested by Americans. The study published in 1970 by 543:

conformed 33% of the time (similar to Asch's findings). The high motivation group conformed less at 16%. These results show that when accuracy is not very important, it is better to get the wrong answer than to risk social disapproval.

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by people doing things beside us, whether this is in a competitive atmosphere or not. People tend to be influenced by those who are their own age especially. Co-actors that are similar to us tend to push us more than those who are not.

256:, can be defined as the unwillingness to bend to group pressures. Thus, this individual stays true to his or her personal standards instead of the swaying toward group standards. Secondly, a nonconformist could be displaying 210:, after submitting to group pressures, individuals may find themselves facing one of several responses to conformity. These types of responses to conformity vary in their degree of public agreement versus private agreement. 775:

have also been found to be recruited when individuals participated in a social manipulation experiment involving long-term memory. Several other areas have further been suggested to play a role in conformity, including the

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which involves the taking of opinions that are opposite to what the group believes. This type of nonconformity can be motivated by a need to rebel against the status quo instead of the need to be accurate in one's opinion.

194:. Researchers have found that peer conformity is strongest for individuals who reported strong identification with their friends or groups, making them more likely to adopt beliefs and behaviors accepted in such circles. 2014: 601:

worldwide (5 August 2020) Description: countries colored with green have cultures that are more individualistic than the world average. Countries colored in red have relatively collectivistic

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participant may not feel much pressure to conform when the first person gives an incorrect response. However, conformity pressure will increase as each additional group member also gives the same incorrect response.

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Robinson, Eric; Thomas, Jason; Aveyard, Paul; Higgs, Suzanne (March 2014). "What Everyone Else Is Eating: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Informational Eating Norms on Eating Behavior".

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is conforming to someone who is liked and respected, such as a celebrity or a favorite uncle. This can be motivated by the attractiveness of the source, and this is a deeper type of conformism than compliance.

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group. Conformity is also higher when individuals are in situations involving existential thoughts that cause anxiety, in these situations individuals are more likely to conform to the majority's decisions.

177:. Norms are implicit, specific rules shared by a group of individuals on how they should behave. People may be susceptible to conform to group norms because they want to gain acceptance from their group. 1147:

Campbell, Jennifer D.; Fairey, Patricia J. (September 1989). "Informational and normative routes to conformity: The effect of faction size as a function of norm extremity and attention to the stimulus".

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Another form of minority influence can sometimes override conformity effects and lead to unhealthy group dynamics. A 2007 review of two dozen studies by the University of Washington found that a single

647:. Modern scientific studies comparing conformity in Japan and the United States show that Americans conform in general as much as the Japanese and, in some situations, even more. Psychology professor 7070: 6123: 515:

Deutsch & Gérard (1955) designed different situations that variated from Asch' experiment and found that when participants were writing their answer privately, they were giving the correct one

7080: 7075: 639:, many scholars of Japanese studies speculated that there would be a higher propensity to conform in Japanese culture than in American culture. However, this view was not formed on the basis of 565:

Although conformity generally leads individuals to think and act more like groups, individuals are occasionally able to reverse this tendency and change the people around them. This is known as

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Berns, G. S.; Chappelow, J.; Zink, C. F.; Pagnoni, G.; Martin-Skurski, M. E.; Richards, J. (2005). "Neurobiological correlates of social conformity and independence during mental rotation".

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To conclude, social responses to conformity can be seen to vary along a continuum from conversion to anticonformity. For example, a popular experiment in conformity research, known as the

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rather than to pursue personal desires – because it is often easier to follow the path others have made already, rather than forging a new one. Thus, conformity is sometimes a product of

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to receiving or losing the object in question, in proportion to how susceptible the person is to social influence. Having similar opinions to others can also generate a reward response.

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is accepting the belief or behavior and conforming both publicly and privately, if the source is credible. It is the deepest influence on people, and it will affect them for a long time.

221:. This is also referenced as apparent conformity. This type of conformity recognizes that behavior is not always consistent with our beliefs and attitudes, which mimics Leon Festinger's 64:. Conformity can occur in the presence of others, or when an individual is alone. For example, people tend to follow social norms when eating or when watching television, even if alone. 2796:

Eagly, A. H; Carli, L. L (1981). "Sex of researchers and sex-typed communications as determinants of sex differences in influenceability: A meta-analysis of social influence studies".

60:. This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or in society as a whole and may result from subtle unconscious influences (predisposed state of mind), or from direct and overt 3117:

Campbell, J. D.; Fairey, P. J. (1989). "Informational and normative routes to conformity: The effect of faction size as a function of norm extremity and attention to the stimulus".

447:. In Kelman's terminology, these correspond to internalization and compliance, respectively. There are naturally more than two or three variables in society influential on human 213:

When an individual finds themselves in a position where they publicly agree with the group's decision yet privately disagrees with the group's consensus, they are experiencing

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Baron, Robert S.; Vandello, Joseph A.; Brunsman, Bethany (November 1996). "The forgotten variable in conformity research: Impact of task importance on social influence".

241:. In this type of social response, the group member agrees with the group's decision from the outset and thus does not need to shift their opinion on the matter at hand. 6564: 6116: 244:

In addition, Forsyth shows that nonconformity can also fall into one of two response categories. Firstly, an individual who does not conform to the majority can display

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Kiesler, Charles A.; Zanna, Mark; Desalvo, James (1966). "Deviation and conformity: Opinion change as a function of commitment, attraction, and presence of a deviate".

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is public conformity, while possibly keeping one's own original beliefs for yourself. Compliance is motivated by the need for approval and the fear of being rejected.

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increases as the anonymity of the response in a group decreases. Conformity also increases when individuals have committed themselves to the group making decisions.

135:. Conformity was found to impair group performance in a variable environment, but was not found to have a significant effect on performance in a stable environment. 901: 153:

Major factors that influence the degree of conformity include culture, gender, age, size of the group, situational factors, and different stimuli. In some cases,

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Quinn, Andrew; Schlenker, Barry R. (April 2002). "Can Accountability Produce Independence? Goals as Determinants of the Impact of Accountability on Conformity".

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Takano, Yohtaro; Sogon, Shunya (May 2008). "Are Japanese More Collectivistic Than Americans?: Examining Conformity in In-Groups and the Reference-Group Effect".

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Felps, Will; Mitchell, Terence R.; Byington, Eliza (2006). "How, When, and Why Bad Apples Spoil the Barrel: Negative Group Members and Dysfunctional Groups".

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Urberg, Kathryn A.; Değirmencioğlu, Serdar M.; Pilgrim, Colleen (1997). "Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use".

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Neuroscience has also shown how people quickly develop similar values for things. Opinions of others immediately change the brain's reward response in the

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with that found among Americans found no substantial difference in the level of conformity manifested by the two nations, even in the case of in-groups.

157:, a special case of informational influence, can resist the pressure to conform and influence the majority to accept the minority's belief or behaviors. 3361:

Renkema, Lennart J.; Stapel, Diederik A.; Van Yperen, Nico W. (June 2008). "Go with the flow: conforming to others in the face of existential threat".

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are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. People often choose to conform to

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appropriate behaviors necessary to interact and develop "correctly" within one's society. Conformity influences the formation and maintenance of

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Bond, Rod; Smith, Peter B. (January 1996). "Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task".

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Bond, Rod; Smith, Peter B. (January 1996). "Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task".

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on the pMFC, participants reduced their tendency to conform to the group, suggesting a causal role for the brain region in social conformity.

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Sasaki, Shusaku (2017). "Group size and conformity in charitable giving: Evidence from a donation-based crowdfunding platform in Japan".

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Deutsch, Morton; Gerard, Harold B. (November 1955). "A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment".

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Takano, Yohtaro; Osaka, Eiko (December 1999). "An unsupported common view: Comparing Japan and the U.S. on individualism/collectivism".

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Clement, Russell W.; Sinha, Rashmi R.; Krueger, Joachim (April 1997). "A Computerized Demonstration of the False Consensus Effect".

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Brown, Bradford (1986). "Perceptions of peer pressure, peer conformity dispositions, and self-reported behavior among adolescents".

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Influenced by the writings of late-19th- and early-20th-century Western travelers, scholars or diplomats who visited Japan, such as

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and conformity; the notion of "varieties" of conformity based upon "social influence" is ambiguous and indefinable in this context.

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for help. But once again people must be careful, as experts can make mistakes too. Informational social influence often results in

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Eagly, A.H.; Wood, W. (1982). "Inferred sex differences in status as a determinant of gender stereotypes about social influence".

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of group members increases conformity. If an individual wishes to be liked by the group, they are increasingly likely to conform.

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Evidence has been found for the involvement of the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) in conformity, an area associated with

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Spencer, Roger W.; Huston, John H. (December 1993). "Rational forecasts: On confirming ambiguity as the mother of conformity".

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Cooper, H.M. (1979). "Statistically combining independent studies: A meta-analysis of sex differences in conformity research".

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Hodges, B. H.; Geyer, A. L. (2006). "A Nonconformist Account of the Asch Experiments: Values, Pragmatics, and Moral Dilemmas".

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Eagly, Alice H.; Chrvala, Carole (September 1986). "Sex Differences in Conformity: Status and Gender Role Interpretations".

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An experiment using procedures similar to Asch's found that there was significantly less conformity in six-person groups of

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Pasupathi, Monisha (1999). "Age differences in response to conformity pressure for emotional and nonemotional material".

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Campbell-Meiklejohn, Daniel K.; Bach, Dominik R.; Roepstorff, Andreas; Dolan, Raymond J.; Frith, Chris D. (July 2010).

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Kelman, Herbert C. (March 1958). "Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change".

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Campbell-Meiklejohn, D. K.; Kanai, R.; Bahrami, B.; Bach, D. R.; Dolan, R. J.; Roepstorff, A.; Frith, C. D. (2012).

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Myers, David G.; Twenge, Jean M. (2019). "Social Facilitation: How are we influenced by the presence of others?".

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in the group has a surprising effect. As the number increases, each person has less of an impact. A group's

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is the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behaviors in ways that are consistent with

92: 57: 1747: 643:, but rather on the basis of anecdotes and casual observations, which are subject to a variety of 7108: 6846: 6824: 6819: 6737: 6732: 6688: 6415: 6148: 5999: 5932: 5780: 5740: 5660: 5522: 5502: 5457: 5447: 5437: 5397: 5326: 5301: 5271: 5251: 5246: 5214: 5116: 4914: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4821: 4811: 4792: 4644: 4601: 4540: 4442: 4318: 4172: 3932: 3740: 3481: 3378: 3283: 3161: 3096: 3009: 2593: 2558: 2496: 2301: 2237: 2202: 2105: 1996: 1849: 1419: 1263: 958: 560: 530:

is how important the group is to a person. Groups we value generally have more social influence.

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moved. The trick was, there was no movement, it was caused by a visual illusion known as the

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Although conformity pressures generally increase as the size of the majority increases,

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participants displayed less conformity when compared to younger participants.

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liked and even punished by the group. Normative influence usually results in

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According to Herbert Kelman, there are three types of conformity: 1)

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were accomplices and gave the wrong answer in 12 of the 18 trials.

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conformed more than the Inuit when exposed to a conformity task.

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has focused primarily on two varieties of conformity. These are

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Although Kelman's distinction has been influential, research in

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Burke, C. J.; Tobler, P. N.; Schultz, W.; Baddeley, M. (2010).

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This experiment was conducted by Yale University psychologist

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is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to

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In a reinterpretation of the original data from these

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Which line matches the first line, A, B, or C? In the

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Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 2783:10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.86 2298:10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.759 1985:10.1007/s10892-009-9052-4 1260:10.1080/01619563109535026 1100:Burger, Jerry M. (2019). 844:Authoritarian personality 455:informational influence. 7198:Violence and video games 7176:Social impact of YouTube 7056:Knowledge gap hypothesis 6979:Social-desirability bias 6872:Information–action ratio 6510:Suicide and the Internet 6500:Social media and suicide 6247:Media naturalness theory 5980:Living things in culture 5970:Intercultural competence 5873:Culture and menstruation 5372:Trans-cultural diffusion 4566:Preference falsification 3921:10.1177/0956797611411057 3826:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00048 3683:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00168 3632:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00050 3158:10.1177/0146167202287005 2810:10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.1 2555:10.1177/0022022107313902 2321:Developmental Psychology 1948:www.simplypsychology.org 1648:. ABC-CLIO. p. 92. 1517:Developmental Psychology 896:Preference falsification 782:temporoparietal junction 443:conformity, also called 312:Asch's experiment (1951) 76:reasons for conformity: 7229:Organizational behavior 7151:Mass shooting contagion 6599:Evolutionary psychology 6331:Social anxiety disorder 6164:Online problem gambling 5791:Cultural homogenization 5021:Individualistic culture 4955:Popular culture studies 4940:Intercultural relations 4228:Tyranny of the majority 3864:Journal of Neuroscience 3574:10.1126/science.1203557 2528:10.1111/1467-839X.00043 1867:Guimond, Serge (2010). 1725:. New York: Wadsworth. 1721:Forsyth, D. R. (2013). 886:Knowledge falsification 459:Informational influence 78:informational influence 18:Conformity (psychology) 7141:Fascination with death 7004:Political polarization 6932:Availability heuristic 6897:Television consumption 6488:Television consumption 6443:Evolution of cognition 6368:Body image disturbance 6309:psychiatric conditions 6237:Engineering psychology 6159:Internet sex addiction 6140:Proposed or recognised 5726:Archaeological culture 5473:Cultural globalization 5342:Organizational culture 5190:Cultural communication 5148:Cultural appropriation 4935:Intercultural learning 4863:Cross-cultural studies 4531:Communal reinforcement 4284:False consensus effect 4015:Quotations related to 3268:Teaching of Psychology 3056:ISER Discussion Papers 2798:Psychological Bulletin 2771:Psychological Bulletin 2578:Psychological Bulletin 2481:Psychological Bulletin 1613:10.1123/jsep.2017-0339 619:Basil Hall Chamberlain 603: 331: 161:Definition and context 48:or being like-minded. 7104:Criticism of Facebook 6984:Social influence bias 6867:Information pollution 6857:Information explosion 6840:Texting while driving 6796:Low information voter 6694:Pink-slime journalism 6532:Texting while driving 6463:Promotion of anorexia 6448:Evolutionary mismatch 6411:Criticism of Facebook 6142:diagnostic categories 5995:Participatory culture 5786:Cultural evolutionism 5610:Multiracial democracy 5488:Cultural intelligence 5433:Cultural conservatism 5423:Cultural backwardness 5413:Cultural assimilation 5287:Cultural reproduction 5143:Cultural appreciation 5095:Far-right subcultures 4985:Transcultural nursing 4950:Philosophy of culture 4827:Cultural neuroscience 4807:Cultural anthropology 4635:Anti-social behaviour 4630:Anti-authoritarianism 4369:Pluralistic ignorance 4216:National conservatism 4211:Left-wing nationalism 4194:Governmental pressure 3909:Psychological Science 3717:Biological Psychiatry 3068:– via EconStor. 2823:Eagly, A. H. (1987). 2286:Psychological Reports 2222:American Psychologist 1973:The Journal of Ethics 1204:"What is Conformity?" 1202:McLeod, Saul (2016). 874:Cultural assimilation 593: 394:Harvard psychologist 325: 278:, primarily includes 229:, otherwise known as 192:anti-social behaviors 7121:Criticism of Netflix 6927:Availability cascade 6862:Information overload 6771:Attention management 6766:Attention inequality 6662:Human-interest story 6604:Behavioral modernity 6589:Cognitive psychology 6401:Behavioral modernity 6396:Behavioral addiction 6222:Cognitive ergonomics 6207:Digital anthropology 6200:Disciplines involved 6191:Video game addiction 6186:Television addiction 5990:Oppositional culture 5960:Emotions and culture 5868:Cultural sensibility 5858:Cultural translation 5796:Cultural institution 5776:Cultural determinism 5498:Cultural nationalism 5483:Cultural imperialism 5443:Cultural deprivation 5337:Non-material culture 4970:Sociology of culture 4965:Semiotics of culture 4597:Breaching experiment 4384:Operant conditioning 4329:Mere exposure effect 3081:Psychological Review 2902:Psychology and Aging 2452:(4, Pt.1): 415–418. 1914:Asch, A. E. (1951). 1892:Asch, S. E. (1952). 1748:"Autokinetic Effect" 1441:. Cengage Learning. 854:Behavioral contagion 797:orbitofrontal cortex 633:'s influential book 623:George Trumbull Ladd 520:social impact theory 223:cognitive dissonance 30:For other uses, see 7034:Post-truth politics 6964:Mean world syndrome 6453:Fear of missing out 5841:Culture speculation 5836:Cultural relativism 5766:Cultural competence 5656:Cultural Christians 5528:Cultural Revolution 5518:Cultural radicalism 5493:Cultural liberalism 5428:Cultural Bolshevism 5403:Consumer capitalism 5357:Relational mobility 5297:Cultural technology 5205:Cultural dissonance 5122:Culture by location 5085:Alternative culture 5001:Constructed culture 4980:Theology of culture 4920:Cultural psychology 4900:Cultural entomology 4477:Individual pressure 4354:Passing (sociology) 4289:Fear of missing out 4254:Closure (sociology) 4168:Enemy of the people 3968:2012CBio...22.R123C 3566:2011Sci...333..108E 3511:(33): 11934–11940. 3417:2010CBio...20.1165C 2423:1961SciAm.205f..45M 2411:Scientific American 1838:1955SciAm.193e..31A 1826:Scientific American 1299:2020NatSR..10.8694K 864:Conventional wisdom 715:Situational factors 653:University of Tokyo 581:Specific predictors 486:Normative influence 188:prosocial behaviors 93:normative influence 82:normative influence 58:group communication 6847:Influence-for-hire 6825:Media multitasking 6820:Human multitasking 6738:Tabloid television 6689:Media manipulation 6149:Computer addiction 6000:Permission culture 5933:Disability culture 5913:Children's culture 5781:Cultural diversity 5741:Circuit of culture 5523:Cultural retention 5503:Cultural pessimism 5458:Cultural exception 5448:Cultural diplomacy 5438:Cultural contracts 5398:Colonial mentality 5327:Manuscript culture 5302:Cultural universal 5272:Cultural pluralism 5252:Cultural landscape 5247:Cultural invention 5215:Cultural framework 5117:Vernacular culture 4915:Cultural mediation 4895:Cultural economics 4890:Cultural analytics 4822:Cultural geography 4812:Cultural astronomy 4645:Civil disobedience 4602:Milgram experiment 4541:Creeping normality 4443:Social integration 4379:Psychosocial issue 4319:Invented tradition 4173:Enemy of the state 1287:Scientific Reports 790:cingulate cortices 604: 567:minority influence 561:Minority influence 555:Minority influence 480:private acceptance 332: 302:autokinetic effect 231:private acceptance 155:minority influence 7206: 7205: 7029:Fake news website 6989:Spiral of silence 6942:Confirmation bias 6761:Attention economy 6743:Yellow journalism 6631:Social psychology 6540: 6539: 6212:Digital sociology 6099: 6098: 5928:Death and culture 5821:Cultural movement 5811:Cultural literacy 5671:Eastern Orthodoxy 5583:Dominator culture 5578:Deculturalization 5478:Cultural hegemony 5468:Cultural genocide 5463:Cultural feminism 5282:Cultural property 5277:Cultural practice 5262:Cultural leveling 5257:Cultural learning 5242:Cultural industry 5237:Cultural identity 5220:Cultural heritage 5210:Cultural emphasis 5195:Cultural conflict 5168:Cultural behavior 5158:Cultural artifact 5070:Primitive culture 5046:Political culture 4745: 4744: 4625:Alternative media 4514: 4513: 4453:Spiral of silence 4324:Memory conformity 4264:Consensus reality 4157:Persona non grata 4078:Damnatio memoriae 3870:(17): 5816–5823. 3560:(6038): 108–111. 3411:(13): 1165–1170. 3347:978-1-133-95653-2 3225:978-1-133-95653-2 3058:. No. 1004. 3035:Simply Psychology 2365:978-0-528-62955-6 2270:978-1-84169-038-4 1929:978-0-608-11271-8 1896:Social Psychology 1878:978-2-8047-0032-4 1776:Social psychology 1732:978-1-133-95653-2 1699:Simply Psychology 1680:978-1-260-39711-6 1671:Social Psychology 1655:978-1-4408-3482-0 1581:978-0-495-60169-2 1556:978-0-306-48480-3 1448:978-1-305-58022-0 1439:Social Psychology 1232:978-0-13-233487-7 1223:Social Psychology 1208:Simply Psychology 1188:978-0-674-01382-7 1133:978-0-8400-3172-3 1124:Social Psychology 1083:978-3-319-12696-8 987:978-0-7575-5989-1 908:Spiral of silence 880:Honne and tatemae 859:Convention (norm) 821:Psychology portal 745:Neural correlates 736:Different stimuli 704:Asch's experiment 698:Size of the group 499:public compliance 429:social psychology 264:counterconformity 225:theory. In turn, 16:(Redirected from 7246: 7239:Social agreement 7234:Social influence 7051:Knowledge divide 6947:Crowd psychology 6937:Bandwagon effect 6704:Public relations 6621:Media psychology 6567: 6560: 6553: 6544: 6363:Anorexia nervosa 6348:Bipolar disorder 6316:Anxiety disorder 6126: 6119: 6112: 6103: 6080: 6079: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6055: 5945:Drinking culture 5898:Culture industry 5846:Cultural tourism 5826:Cultural mulatto 5801:Cultural jet lag 5736:Cannabis culture 5693:Cultural Muslims 5615:Pluriculturalism 5598:Multiculturalism 5588:Interculturalism 5563:Culture minister 5553:Cultural Zionism 5548:Cultural subsidy 5543:Cultural silence 5418:Cultural attaché 5377:Transculturation 5332:Material culture 5322:Interculturality 5178:Cultural capital 5163:Cultural baggage 5100:Youth subculture 5041:Official culture 5006:Dominant culture 4945:Internet culture 4910:Cultural mapping 4905:Cultural history 4832:Cultural studies 4817:Cultural ecology 4791: 4790: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4749: 4670:Devil's advocate 4640:Auto-segregation 4536:Countersignaling 4463:Toxic positivity 4438:Social influence 4399:Social contagion 4244:Bandwagon effect 4201:Authoritarianism 4065: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4024: 4014: 3998: 3997: 3987: 3962:(4): R123–R124. 3947: 3941: 3940: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3828: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3787: 3770:(3): 2687–2696. 3755: 3749: 3748: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3695: 3685: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3644: 3634: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3593: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3528: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3375:10.1002/ejsp.468 3358: 3352: 3351: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3315:10.1037/h0023027 3298: 3292: 3291: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3193:10.1037/h0022730 3176: 3170: 3169: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3041: 3027: 3018: 3017: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2962: 2953: 2952: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2852:10.1037/h0030382 2835: 2829: 2828: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2721:10.1037/h0041274 2704: 2698: 2697: 2686:10.1037/h0046604 2669: 2663: 2662: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2458:10.1037/h0025231 2441: 2435: 2434: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2156:10.1037/h0062326 2139: 2133: 2132: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2094:10.1037/h0046408 2077: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2059:. 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113:social rejection 21: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7224:Group processes 7209: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7087: 7002: 6993: 6969:Negativity bias 6917: 6908: 6877:One weird trick 6791:Cognitive miser 6747: 6640:Media practices 6635: 6580: 6571: 6541: 6536: 6384: 6358:Eating disorder 6308: 6302: 6252:Neuroergonomics 6232:Cyberpsychology 6195: 6141: 6135: 6130: 6100: 6095: 6044: 6035:Western culture 6030:Welfare culture 5955:Eastern culture 5816:Cultural mosaic 5771:Cultural critic 5761:Cultural center 5709: 5683:Cultural Hindus 5629: 5620:Polyculturalism 5593:Monoculturalism 5568:Culture of fear 5538:Cultural safety 5533:Cultural rights 5513:Cultural racism 5508:Cultural policy 5386: 5292:Cultural system 5267:Cultural memory 5200:Cultural cringe 5126: 5058:Popular culture 4989: 4925:Cultural values 4846: 4795: 4781: 4776: 4746: 4741: 4712:Insubordination 4660:Culture jamming 4650:Cosmopolitanism 4611: 4580: 4551:Internalization 4510: 4472: 4232: 4223:Totalitarianism 4189: 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488: 476:internalization 467: 461: 435:conformity, or 420:Internalization 392: 386: 376: 370: 357:Stanley Milgram 353: 320: 314: 297: 292: 204: 183: 168: 163: 148:internalization 133:unwritten rules 62:social pressure 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7252: 7250: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7211: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7092:Related topics 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7026: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7008: 7006: 6999:Digital divide 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6914:Cognitive bias 6910: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6904:Sticky content 6901: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6892:Binge-watching 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6803:Digital zombie 6800: 6799: 6798: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6776:Attention span 6773: 6768: 6763: 6757: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6721:Sensationalism 6718: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6686: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6667:Junk food news 6664: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6478:Binge-watching 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6438:Digital zombie 6435: 6430: 6428:Cyberpathology 6425: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6392: 6390: 6389:Related topics 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6261: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6214: 6209: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6194: 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5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5382:Visual culture 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5362:Safety culture 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5183:Cross-cultural 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4842:Culture theory 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4796: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4655:Counterculture 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4617:Anticonformity 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4576:Social reality 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4468:Untouchability 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4406: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4334:Milieu control 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4314:Indoctrination 4311: 4306: 4304:Herd mentality 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4237:Group pressure 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4160: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4134: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4115:Cancel culture 4112: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4081: 4073: 4071: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4006: 4005:External links 4003: 4000: 3999: 3942: 3915:(7): 894–900. 3899: 3850: 3799: 3750: 3723:(3): 245–253. 3707: 3656: 3605: 3540: 3491: 3464:(3): 456–462. 3448: 3388: 3369:(4): 747–756. 3353: 3346: 3338:Group Dynamics 3328: 3309:(4): 458–467. 3293: 3274:(2): 131–135. 3258: 3247:(4): 697–709. 3231: 3224: 3216:Group Dynamics 3206: 3187:(6): 890–895. 3171: 3152:(4): 472–483. 3136: 3125:(3): 457–468. 3106: 3087:(5): 438–453. 3071: 3046: 3019: 3000:(3): 203–220. 2984: 2973:(5): 915–928. 2954: 2943:(1): 479–508. 2927: 2908:(1): 170–174. 2892: 2873:(3): 367–372. 2857: 2846:(2): 200–207. 2830: 2815: 2788: 2761: 2734: 2715:(1): 120–122. 2699: 2664: 2649: 2611: 2584:(1): 111–137. 2568: 2549:(3): 237–250. 2533: 2522:(3): 311–341. 2506: 2487:(1): 111–137. 2471: 2436: 2398: 2371: 2364: 2346: 2327:(5): 834–844. 2311: 2292:(3): 759–762. 2276: 2269: 2247: 2228:(4): 343–356. 2212: 2169: 2150:(2): 190–208. 2134: 2115: 2088:(3): 629–636. 2069: 2066:on 2023-05-20. 2043:(2): 243–256. 2020: 2006: 1959: 1935: 1928: 1903: 1884: 1877: 1859: 1811: 1800:(5): 915–927. 1781: 1761: 1738: 1731: 1723:Group dynamics 1710: 1686: 1679: 1661: 1654: 1636: 1607:(3): 117–127. 1587: 1580: 1562: 1555: 1534: 1523:(4): 521–530. 1507: 1462: 1447: 1429: 1389: 1350:(3): 381–399. 1330: 1273: 1238: 1231: 1213: 1194: 1187: 1167: 1156:(3): 457–468. 1139: 1132: 1111: 1089: 1082: 1056: 1045:(4): 163–168. 1029: 1010:(3): 414–429. 993: 986: 968: 941:(1): 591–621. 924: 923: 921: 918: 916: 915: 913:Social inertia 910: 905: 898: 893: 891:Milieu control 888: 883: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 840: 839: 838: 835:Society portal 824: 808: 805: 746: 743: 737: 734: 716: 713: 699: 696: 682: 679: 669: 666: 649:Yohtaro Takano 587: 584: 582: 579: 559:Main article: 556: 553: 490:Main article: 487: 484: 463:Main article: 460: 457: 425: 424: 416: 412:Identification 408: 396:Herbert Kelman 391: 388: 372:Main article: 369: 366: 352: 349: 316:Main article: 313: 310: 296: 293: 291: 288: 272:Asch situation 259:anticonformity 203: 200: 182: 179: 167: 164: 162: 159: 144:identification 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7251: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7099:Computer rage 7097: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7071:United States 7069: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7046:Filter bubble 7044: 7040: 7039:United States 7037: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6974:Peer pressure 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6815:Doomscrolling 6813: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6626:Media studies 6624: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6578:human factors 6575: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6556: 6554: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6433:Digital detox 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6423:Cyberbullying 6421: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6122: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6041: 6040:Youth culture 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6025:Urban culture 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6010:Remix culture 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5985:Media culture 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5975:Languaculture 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903:Culture shock 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5863:Cultural turn 5861: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5731:Bennett scale 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5661:Protestantism 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5603:Biculturalism 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5367:Technoculture 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5347:Print culture 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Enculturation 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:Cultural icon 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5173:Cultural bias 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5153:Cultural area 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5138:Acculturation 5136: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5112:Super culture 5110: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5026:Legal culture 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4975:Sound culture 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4766: 4761: 4759: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4707:Individualism 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546:Herd behavior 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501:Control freak 4499: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4448:Socialization 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Peer pressure 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4344:Normalization 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4269:Culture shock 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4125:Deplatforming 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4036: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3297: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3047: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2680:(1): 99–104. 2679: 2675: 2668: 2665: 2660: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2277: 2272: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 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