589:
221:
244:. Possible complications include inflammation of the soft tissue or deep inflammatory processes, breathing impairments, bleeding, and nerve injuries. According to the latest evidence, the actual rate of complications may be substantially higher. Even among those who do not develop serious complications, 5% of patients require reoperation within five years of the procedure, and in general it is not yet clear what one would expect from spine surgery during the long-term. Given that the signs and symptoms of spinal deformity cannot be changed by surgical intervention, surgery remains essentially a cosmetic choice. However, the cosmetic effects of surgery are not necessarily stable.
300:(Q76.4) can result in infants whose spinal column has not developed correctly in the womb. Vertebrae may be malformed or fused together and can cause further progressive kyphosis as the child develops. Surgical treatment may be necessary at a very early stage and can help maintain a normal curve in coordination with consistent follow-ups to monitor changes. However, the decision to carry out the procedure can be very difficult due to the potential risks to the child. A congenital kyphosis can also suddenly appear in the teenage years, more commonly in children with cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders.
457:
289:, is quite rigid. The patient may feel pain at this apex, which can be aggravated by physical activity and by long periods of standing or sitting. This can have a significantly detrimental effect on their lives, as their level of activity is curbed by their condition; they may feel isolated or uneasy amongst peers if they are children, depending on the level of deformity. Whereas in postural kyphosis, the vertebrae and discs appear normal, in Scheuermann's kyphosis, they are irregular, often herniated, and wedge-shaped over at least three adjacent levels.
445:
272:, can occur in both the old and the young. In the young, it can be called "slouching" and is reversible by correcting muscular imbalances. In the old, it may be a case of hyperkyphosis and called "dowager's hump". About one third of the most severe hyperkyphosis cases in older people have vertebral fractures. Otherwise, the aging body does tend towards a loss of musculoskeletal integrity, and hyperkyphosis can develop due to aging alone.
67:
350:
391:
structural changes in the vertebrae. Children who have not completed their growth may show long-lasting improvements with bracing. Exercises may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort associated with overstretched back muscles. A variety of gravity-assisted positions or gentle traction can minimize pain associated with
172:
A normal thoracic spine extends from the 1st thoracic to the 12th thoracic vertebra and should have a slight kyphotic angle, ranging from 20° to 45°. When the "roundness" of the upper spine increases past 45° it is called kyphosis or "hyperkyphosis". Scheuermann's kyphosis is the most classic form of
390:
scan. Postural thoracic kyphosis can often be treated with posture reeducation and focused strengthening exercises. Idiopathic thoracic kyphosis due to vertebral wedging, fractures, or vertebral abnormalities is more difficult to manage, since assuming a correct posture may not be possible with
588:
476:
method, a system of physical therapy for scoliosis and related spinal deformities. It involves lying supine, placing a pillow under the scapular region and posteriorly stretching the cervical spine. In China, many people use spinal care mattresses to correct kyphosis while sleeping.
284:
of the spine and is more commonly called
Scheuermann's disease. It is found mostly in teenagers and presents a significantly worse deformity than postural kyphosis. A patient with Scheuermann's kyphosis cannot consciously correct posture. The apex of the curve, located in the
1873:
456:
385:
A diagnosis of kyphosis is generally made through observation and measurement. Idiopathic causes, such as vertebral wedging or other abnormalities, can be confirmed through X-ray. Osteoporosis, a potential cause of kyphosis, can be confirmed with a
293:
is a very common symptom, most likely because of the intense muscle work that has to be put into standing or sitting properly. The condition appears to run in families. Most patients who undergo surgery to correct their kyphosis have
Scheuermann's
1866:
1473:
1430:
280:(M42.0) is significantly worse cosmetically and can cause varying degrees of pain, and can also affect different areas of the spine (the most common being the midthoracic area). Scheuermann's kyphosis is considered a form of juvenile
1859:
489:
may arrest the deformity and relieve the pain. Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure, requiring only a small opening in the skin. The main goal is to return the damaged vertebra as close as possible to its original height.
173:
hyperkyphosis and is the result of wedged vertebrae that develop during adolescence. The cause is not currently known and the condition appears to be multifactorial and is seen more frequently in males than females.
425:
braces are used in Europe to treat different types of kyphosis. These are much easier to wear and have better in-brace corrections than reported for the
Milwaukee brace. Since there are different curve patterns
199:
While most cases of kyphosis are mild and only require routine monitoring, serious cases can be debilitating. High degrees of kyphosis can cause severe pain and discomfort, breathing and digestion difficulties,
625:
are instead described as being able to turn able-bodied young children into hunchbacks, alongside a variety of other deformities, using poisons and mutilation, before selling their results into bondage as
1219:
Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW (March 2004). "Effects of a new spinal orthosis on posture, trunk strength, and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized trial".
208:
compromise and, in the more severe cases, significantly shortened life spans. These types of high-end curves typically do not respond well to conservative treatment and almost always warrant
444:
2555:
462:
Modern brace for the treatment of lumbar or thoracolumbar kyphosis. The brace is constructed using a CAD/CAM device. Restoration of the lumbar lordosis is the main aim.
220:
1313:
2453:
739:
1268:
1946:
1851:
1596:
485:
Surgical treatment can be used in severe cases. In patients with progressive kyphotic deformity due to vertebral collapse, a procedure called a
1110:
McMaster MJ, Singh H (October 1999). "Natural history of congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. A study of one hundred and twelve patients".
504:
2394:
561:
521:
240:
The risk of serious complications from spinal fusion surgery for kyphosis is estimated to be 5%, similar to the risks of surgery for
2565:
615:, which solidified the popular conception of the hunchback as a destitute and pitiable outcast from European society. The legendary
2348:
2560:
2067:
1059:
893:
576:
2183:
1886:
1589:
1331:
1021:
Keller TS, Harrison DE, Colloca CJ, Harrison DD, Janik TJ (March 2003). "Prediction of osteoporotic spinal deformity".
2353:
2072:
1902:
1890:
978:
611:
594:
546:
422:
411:
667:
1317:
2384:
38:
2438:
1145:
2358:
1830:
571:
142:
31:
677:
2293:
1936:
1500:
795:
1654:
276:
146:
75:
2330:
1964:
1941:
1582:
1373:
1276:
938:
536:
1835:
1693:
2233:
1898:
1840:
976:
Kado DM, Prenovost K, Crandall C (September 2007). "Narrative review: hyperkyphosis in older persons".
450:
Modern brace for the treatment of a thoracic kyphosis. The brace is constructed using a CAD/CAM device.
318:), which softens bones and results in the curving of the spine and limbs under the child's body weight.
1269:"Kyphosis - Physical and technical rehabilitation of patients with Scheuermann's disease and kyphosis"
2448:
311:
158:
2266:
1882:
1817:
1477:
566:
551:
511:
366:
1300:
Three-Dimensional
Treatment for Scoliosis: A Physiotherapeutic Method for Deformities of the Spine
2128:
1385:
1244:
1003:
918:
820:
672:
621:
531:
286:
150:
1825:
1164:"Conceitos atuais sobre equilĂbrio sagital e classificação da espondilĂłlise e espondilolistese"
2463:
2443:
1741:
1715:
1551:
1511:
1236:
1201:
1183:
1127:
1040:
995:
955:
910:
873:
812:
744:
719:
473:
290:
83:
2510:
2505:
2426:
2418:
2338:
2302:
2110:
2062:
2019:
1710:
1620:
1377:
1228:
1191:
1175:
1119:
1077:
1032:
991:
987:
947:
902:
863:
853:
840:"Rate of complications in scoliosis surgery – a systematic review of the Pub Med literature"
804:
711:
662:
642:
322:
181:
166:
472:
In
Germany, a standard treatment for both Scheuermann's disease and lumbar kyphosis is the
2526:
2261:
2091:
2057:
2010:
1785:
1753:
1023:
646:
418:
281:
177:
2389:
2320:
2284:
2256:
2178:
2082:
1956:
1758:
1746:
1605:
1494:
1232:
1196:
1163:
868:
839:
365:
can be measured. The sagittal balance is the horizontal distance between the center of
224:
Kyphosis (at far right) in comparison with other vertebral column disorders, including
201:
127:
115:
100:
66:
1490:
1486:
1482:
891:
Hawes MC, O'Brien JP (2008). "A century of spine surgery: what can patients expect?".
2549:
2399:
2343:
2310:
2193:
2014:
1807:
1790:
1736:
1673:
1562:
1350:
1123:
1036:
793:
Hawes M (2006). "Impact of spine surgery on signs and symptoms of spinal deformity".
702:
Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies AC (May 1980). "Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects".
650:
526:
516:
438:), different types of brace are in use, with different advantages and disadvantages.
431:
209:
111:
1248:
1007:
922:
824:
421:
is one particular body brace that is often used to treat kyphosis in the US. Modern
2481:
2374:
2216:
2188:
1974:
1969:
1700:
936:
Milne JS, Lauder IJ (July 1974). "Age effects in kyphosis and lordosis in adults".
682:
616:
541:
387:
331:
307:
205:
154:
131:
17:
1505:
1063:
2404:
2171:
2162:
2047:
1979:
1731:
1688:
1659:
1546:
638:
627:
606:
486:
396:
88:
1516:
349:
2379:
2315:
2228:
2222:
2198:
2166:
2133:
2102:
2052:
2024:
1795:
1557:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1179:
951:
906:
808:
631:
407:
392:
358:
340:(M84.0) can arise from untreated or ineffectively treated vertebral fractures.
1335:
1187:
737:
Voutsinas SA, MacEwen GD (September 1986). "Sagittal profiles of the spine".
2486:
2431:
2238:
2123:
2116:
2097:
2029:
1993:
1780:
1772:
1638:
1522:
1092:
844:
602:
269:
241:
225:
193:
1240:
1205:
1131:
1044:
999:
914:
877:
816:
959:
858:
748:
723:
715:
1928:
1924:
1906:
1800:
1705:
1633:
556:
427:
370:
229:
185:
162:
135:
762:
2496:
2154:
1389:
315:
1422:
1434:
435:
374:
119:
1381:
1302:. Palo Alto, CA: The Martindale Press. pp. 185–187 and passim.
212:
surgery, which can restore the body's natural degree of curvature.
176:
In the sense of a deformity, it is the pathological curving of the
1527:
601:
One of the most well-known and enduring depictions of kyphosis is
587:
348:
219:
1574:
1366:
Journal of the
American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology
1354:, no. 334, Dec. 2015, pp. 30–31. EBSCOhost via Knowledge Library.
110: 'hump') is an abnormally excessive convex curvature of the
2039:
189:
1855:
1578:
2472:
2002:
1915:
258:
192:, seen as a slouching posture. Kyphosis is distinguished from
1221:
American
Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
1316:. Brain And Spine Institute of California. Archived from
27:
Excessive convex curvature of the lower and middle spine
196:, a condition in which the spine has a sideways curve.
1364:
Kaiser, John
Boynton (July 1913). "The Comprachicos".
1112:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
268:(M40.0), the most common type, normally attributed to
1262:
1260:
1258:
592:
Illustration of "The Little
Hunchback", a story from
1412:
1406:
1314:"Kyphoplasty: Minimally invasive procedure diagrams"
2519:
2495:
2471:
2462:
2417:
2367:
2329:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2249:
2209:
2153:
2146:
2081:
2038:
2001:
1992:
1955:
1923:
1914:
1897:
1816:
1771:
1724:
1681:
1672:
1647:
1619:
1612:
1537:
1416:
395:impingement. Surgery may be recommended for severe
82:
56:
51:
37:"Hunchback" redirects here. For other uses, see
619:of the sort popularized in Hugo's similar work
74:A preoperative image of a 22-year-old man with
2556:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
1267:Weiss, Hans-Rudolf; Turnbull, Deborah (2010).
971:
969:
1867:
1590:
1091:Nowak JE (5 December 2019). Kishner S (ed.).
145:; developmental abnormalities, most commonly
8:
1409:, definition and other related medical terms
1273:International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation
1157:
1155:
788:
786:
784:
2468:
2298:
2289:
2150:
1998:
1920:
1911:
1874:
1860:
1852:
1678:
1616:
1597:
1583:
1575:
1413:
740:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
357:Kyphosis can be graded in severity by the
326:is a form of structural kyphosis, often a
65:
48:
1195:
867:
857:
369:and the superior-posterior border of the
992:10.7326/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00008
694:
440:
310:, especially during childhood, such as
1348:Paijmans, Theo. “The Monster Makers.”
704:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
1146:"Kyphosis and Upper Crossed Syndrome"
505:List of people known as the Hunchback
257:There are several kinds of kyphosis (
188:profile. This causes a bowing of the
7:
2395:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
838:Weiss HR, Goodall D (August 2008).
1885:malformations and deformations of
1334:. Spine University. Archived from
1233:10.1097/01.PHM.0000113403.16617.93
522:Godfrey IV, Duke of Lower Lorraine
25:
1298:Lehnert-Schroth, Christa (2007).
1078:"Scoliosis and Spinal Curvatures"
184:column lose some or all of their
122:regions. Abnormal inward concave
1124:10.2106/00004623-199910000-00002
1037:10.1097/00007632-200303010-00009
455:
443:
2068:Congenital patellar dislocation
1947:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
1168:Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia
562:Margaret of Bavaria (1442–1479)
134:regions of the spine is called
78:, a type of structural kyphosis
1162:Tebet, Marcos Antonio (2014).
1060:"Posture And Correct Body Use"
1:
894:Disability and Rehabilitation
1818:Intervertebral disc disorder
499:People affected by condition
353:Sagittal balance measurement
2354:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
2349:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
2073:Congenital knee dislocation
1891:musculoskeletal abnormality
979:Annals of Internal Medicine
612:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
595:One Thousand and One Nights
547:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
412:randomised controlled trial
2582:
2385:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
641:developed the hunchbacked
502:
39:Hunchback (disambiguation)
36:
29:
2359:Treacher Collins syndrome
2210:reduction deficits / limb
1831:Degenerative disc disease
1180:10.1016/j.rbo.2013.04.011
952:10.1080/03014467400000351
907:10.1080/09638280801889972
809:10.1080/13638490500402264
572:Charles Proteus Steinmetz
377:on a lateral radiograph.
143:degenerative disc disease
73:
64:
32:Kyphosis (disambiguation)
2566:External signs of ageing
2184:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
1937:Cleidocranial dysostosis
1148:. ProHealthcareProducts.
796:Pediatric Rehabilitation
605:, the eponymous hero of
308:nutritional deficiencies
2331:Craniofacial dysostosis
1374:Northwestern University
939:Annals of Human Biology
577:Władysław the Hunchback
537:Konrad II the Hunchback
338:Post-traumatic kyphosis
2561:Deforming dorsopathies
1887:musculoskeletal system
1836:Spinal disc herniation
1694:Ankylosing spondylitis
668:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
598:
354:
277:Scheuermann's kyphosis
232:
2439:Klippel–Feil syndrome
1841:Facet joint arthrosis
1655:Scheuermann's disease
1093:"Scheuermann Disease"
859:10.1186/1748-7161-3-9
716:10.2214/ajr.134.5.979
591:
352:
261:codes are provided):
223:
180:, where parts of the
159:compression fractures
147:Scheuermann's disease
76:Scheuermann's disease
2449:Spina bifida occulta
1965:Madelung's deformity
1942:Sprengel's deformity
678:Loeys–Dietz syndrome
410:showed benefit in a
312:vitamin D deficiency
304:Nutritional kyphosis
114:as it occurs in the
60:Roundback, hunchback
30:For other uses, see
2267:RAPADILINO syndrome
1066:on 8 February 2005.
763:"What is Kyphosis?"
567:Pepin the Hunchback
552:Louis the Hunchback
494:Society and culture
298:Congenital kyphosis
141:It can result from
18:Congenital kyphosis
2129:Rocker bottom foot
1538:External resources
1279:on 20 January 2015
769:. 14 February 2018
673:Copenhagen disease
663:Bethlem myopathy 2
622:The Man Who Laughs
599:
532:Inge the Hunchback
355:
287:thoracic vertebrae
233:
216:Signs and symptoms
151:Copenhagen disease
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2464:Thoracic skeleton
2444:Spondylolisthesis
2413:
2412:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2142:
2141:
1988:
1987:
1849:
1848:
1767:
1766:
1742:Spondylolisthesis
1668:
1667:
1572:
1571:
767:Your Body Posture
266:Postural kyphosis
94:
93:
46:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2573:
2511:Pectus carinatum
2506:Pectus excavatum
2469:
2427:Spinal curvature
2419:Vertebral column
2339:Crouzon syndrome
2303:Craniosynostosis
2299:
2290:
2155:fingers and toes
2151:
2063:Discoid meniscus
2020:Upington disease
1999:
1921:
1912:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1725:non inflammatory
1711:Spondylodiscitis
1679:
1621:Spinal curvature
1617:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1414:
1394:
1393:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1275:. Archived from
1264:
1253:
1252:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1062:. Archived from
1055:
1049:
1048:
1018:
1012:
1011:
973:
964:
963:
933:
927:
926:
888:
882:
881:
871:
861:
835:
829:
828:
790:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
753:
752:
734:
728:
727:
699:
512:Ĺžehzade Cihangir
468:Physical therapy
459:
447:
363:sagittal balance
323:Gibbus deformity
306:can result from
204:irregularities,
167:multiple myeloma
69:
49:
21:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2531:
2527:Poland syndrome
2515:
2491:
2458:
2409:
2363:
2325:
2271:
2262:Larsen syndrome
2250:multiple joints
2245:
2205:
2138:
2077:
2058:Genu recurvatum
2034:
2011:Hip dislocation
1984:
1951:
1901:
1893:
1880:
1850:
1845:
1826:Schmorl's nodes
1812:
1786:Upper back pain
1763:
1754:Spinal stenosis
1720:
1664:
1643:
1608:
1603:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1533:
1532:
1425:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1382:10.2307/1133105
1363:
1362:
1358:
1347:
1343:
1338:on 4 July 2011.
1330:
1329:
1325:
1320:on 30 May 2012.
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1118:(10): 1367–83.
1109:
1108:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1020:
1019:
1015:
975:
974:
967:
935:
934:
930:
890:
889:
885:
837:
836:
832:
792:
791:
782:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
743:(210): 235–42.
736:
735:
731:
701:
700:
696:
691:
659:
649:assistant to a
647:stock character
586:
584:Popular culture
581:
507:
501:
496:
483:
470:
463:
460:
451:
448:
419:Milwaukee brace
405:
383:
347:
282:osteochondrosis
255:
250:
238:
218:
126:curving of the
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Dolichocephaly
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2321:Trigonocephaly
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2294:Skull and face
2287:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:Arthrogryposis
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Arachnodactyly
2176:
2175:
2174:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2087:
2085:
2083:foot deformity
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1957:hand deformity
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1918:
1909:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1759:Facet syndrome
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1747:Retrolisthesis
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1716:Pott's disease
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:Spinal disease
1604:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1497:
1470:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:Classification
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:External links
1399:
1396:
1395:
1356:
1341:
1323:
1305:
1290:
1254:
1211:
1151:
1137:
1102:
1083:
1069:
1050:
1013:
965:
928:
901:(10): 808–17.
883:
830:
780:
754:
729:
693:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
658:
655:
609:'s 1831 novel
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574:
569:
564:
559:
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534:
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503:Main article:
500:
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454:
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442:
404:
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382:
379:
346:
343:
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335:
319:
301:
295:
273:
254:
253:Classification
251:
249:
246:
237:
234:
217:
214:
202:cardiovascular
169:; or trauma.
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
71:
70:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
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2465:
2461:
2455:
2454:Sacralization
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Plagiocephaly
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Hypertelorism
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Scaphocephaly
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:Brachydactyly
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:Either / both
2145:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Hip dysplasia
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1808:Radiculopathy
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:Low back pain
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Spondylolysis
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Spondylopathy
1671:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
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1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:Fortean Times
1345:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:"Kyphoplasty"
1327:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:(3): 177–86.
1226:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:(5): 455–62.
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:
972:
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:(3): 327–37.
945:
941:
940:
932:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
887:
884:
879:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
851:
847:
846:
841:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
803:(4): 318–39.
802:
798:
797:
789:
787:
785:
781:
768:
764:
758:
755:
750:
746:
742:
741:
733:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:(5): 979–83.
709:
705:
698:
695:
688:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
656:
654:
652:
651:mad scientist
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
597:
596:
590:
583:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:Topper Headon
525:
523:
520:
518:
517:Nicolas Ferry
515:
513:
510:
509:
506:
498:
493:
491:
488:
480:
478:
475:
467:
458:
453:
446:
441:
439:
437:
433:
432:thoracolumbar
429:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
389:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
351:
344:
339:
336:
333:
329:
325:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
299:
296:
292:
288:
283:
279:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
263:
262:
260:
252:
247:
245:
243:
236:Complications
235:
231:
227:
222:
215:
213:
211:
210:spinal fusion
207:
203:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
63:
59:
55:
52:Hyperkyphosis
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2375:Macrocephaly
2221:
2217:Acheiropodia
2189:Ectrodactyly
2109:
2090:
1975:Oligodactyly
1970:Clinodactyly
1899:Appendicular
1701:Sacroiliitis
1682:inflammatory
1628:
1556:
1545:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1472:
1429:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1349:
1344:
1336:the original
1326:
1318:the original
1308:
1299:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:the original
1272:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1171:
1167:
1140:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1086:
1080:. Medtronic.
1072:
1064:the original
1053:
1028:
1022:
1016:
986:(5): 330–8.
983:
977:
943:
937:
931:
898:
892:
886:
849:
843:
833:
800:
794:
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
738:
732:
707:
703:
697:
683:Pott disease
639:horror films
636:
634:performers.
628:court dwarfs
620:
617:Comprachicos
610:
600:
593:
542:Benjamin Lay
484:
471:
416:
406:
388:bone density
384:
362:
356:
337:
332:tuberculosis
327:
321:
303:
297:
275:
265:
256:
239:
206:neurological
198:
175:
171:
155:osteoporosis
140:
123:
107:
104:
96:
95:
43:
2405:Saddle nose
2172:Webbed toes
2163:Polydactyly
2048:Genu valgum
1980:Polydactyly
1732:Spondylosis
1689:Spondylitis
1660:Torticollis
1547:MedlinePlus
1376:: 247–264.
1283:20 February
1174:(1): 3–12.
1058:Chaitow L.
773:14 February
607:Victor Hugo
487:kyphoplasty
408:Body braces
314:(producing
89:Orthopedics
57:Other names
2550:Categories
2380:Platybasia
2316:Oxycephaly
2229:Phocomelia
2223:Ectromelia
2199:Stub thumb
2167:Syndactyly
2134:Hammer toe
2103:Pigeon toe
2053:Genu varum
2025:Coxa valga
1883:Congenital
1796:Coccydynia
1558:Patient UK
1512:DiseasesDB
689:References
632:freak show
399:kyphosis.
397:idiopathic
393:nerve root
381:Treatments
359:Cobb angle
99:(from
2432:Scoliosis
2239:Hemimelia
2124:Pes cavus
2117:Flat feet
2098:Club foot
2030:Coxa vara
1781:Neck pain
1773:Back pain
1639:Scoliosis
1613:Deforming
1528:414564002
1523:SNOMED CT
1188:0102-3616
845:Scoliosis
603:Quasimodo
270:slouching
248:Diagnosis
242:scoliosis
226:scoliosis
194:scoliosis
84:Specialty
2482:Cervical
1929:shoulder
1925:clavicle
1907:dysmelia
1801:Sciatica
1706:Discitis
1634:Lordosis
1629:Kyphosis
1563:Kyphosis
1249:44930140
1241:15043351
1206:26229765
1132:10535587
1097:Medscape
1045:12616157
1008:24505639
1000:17785488
923:19443315
915:18432439
878:18681956
825:20680230
817:17111548
657:See also
557:Mahmud I
428:thoracic
371:endplate
361:. Also,
294:disease.
230:lordosis
186:lordotic
163:vertebra
136:lordosis
128:cervical
124:lordotic
116:thoracic
108:(kyphos)
97:Kyphosis
2497:sternum
1506:D007738
1390:1133105
1197:4511775
960:4419577
869:2525632
749:3757369
724:6768276
481:Surgery
474:Schroth
423:CAD/CAM
345:Grading
328:sequela
316:rickets
291:Fatigue
161:of the
2520:other:
2234:Amelia
2111:valgus
1552:001240
1495:756.19
1388:
1247:
1239:
1204:
1194:
1186:
1130:
1043:
1006:
998:
958:
921:
913:
876:
866:
823:
815:
747:
722:
637:Early
436:lumbar
434:, and
259:ICD-10
182:spinal
132:lumbar
120:sacral
2487:Bifid
2368:other
2285:Axial
2092:varus
1648:Other
1517:21885
1491:737.1
1487:737.0
1483:732.0
1468:M96.3
1464:M96.2
1460:M84.0
1456:Q76.4
1452:E64.3
1448:M42.0
1444:M40.2
1440:M40.0
1407:Kypho
1386:JSTOR
1372:(2).
1245:S2CID
1024:Spine
1004:S2CID
919:S2CID
852:: 9.
821:S2CID
645:as a
403:Brace
178:spine
157:with
112:spine
106:κυφός
103:
101:Greek
2473:ribs
2040:knee
1916:Arms
1903:limb
1501:MeSH
1478:9-CM
1285:2010
1237:PMID
1202:PMID
1184:ISSN
1128:PMID
1041:PMID
996:PMID
956:PMID
911:PMID
874:PMID
813:PMID
775:2018
745:PMID
720:PMID
643:Igor
417:The
228:and
190:back
130:and
118:and
2003:hip
1994:Leg
1474:ICD
1466:,
1431:ICD
1378:doi
1229:doi
1192:PMC
1176:doi
1120:doi
1033:doi
988:doi
984:147
948:doi
903:doi
864:PMC
854:doi
805:doi
712:doi
708:134
630:or
373:of
330:to
138:.
2552::
2165:/
2013:/
1927:/
1905:/
1889:/
1561::
1550::
1526::
1515::
1504::
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1481::
1462:,
1458:,
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1438::
1435:10
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1368:.
1271:.
1257:^
1243:.
1235:.
1225:83
1223:.
1200:.
1190:.
1182:.
1172:49
1170:.
1166:.
1154:^
1126:.
1116:81
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1039:.
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1027:.
1002:.
994:.
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968:^
954:.
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909:.
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897:.
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862:.
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783:^
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653:.
430:,
414:.
375:S1
367:C7
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153:,
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2475::
1875:e
1868:t
1861:v
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1454:,
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1423:D
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426:(
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41:.
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20:)
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