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Koneswaram temple. Tiru-Kona-malai, sacred mountain of Kona or
Koneser, Iswara or Siva. The date of building the original temple is given as 1580 BCE. according to a Tamil poem by Kavi Raja Virothayan translated into English in 1831 by Simon Cassie
880:
336:
2196:. Gjedde left Erich Grubbe in charge of the construction of the fort. When Gjedde visited again in March 1621 he was surprised that little to nothing had been done with the fort and left disappointed.
2673:
873:
2160:. The Sinhalese king's reaction to the Danish arrival was anticlimactic. He had made peace with the Portuguese three years prior, and did therefore not necessarily need Danish
329:
2301:. Includingly 697 Sinhalese men were promised to help build fortifications at the temple, yet its undocumented how many Danes or Sinhales participated in the confrontation.
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resorted to burying some of the temple's statues in the surrounding area. The Danes were forced to hastly escape, which resulted in the loss of two Danish vessels.
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2233:. During a religious procession, the shrine was destroyed, and the main statue was taken to the town. Concurrently, Portuguese soldiers disguised as
1966:
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trade on Ceylon described in the treaty made by
Boschouver, and the Sinhalese who wished to have a treaty with less Danish influence. In the end,
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The Danish expeditionary force was set to be 300 men, but much of the crew died during the voyage and another additional number of men left for
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2281:, and it was quickly established by the Portuguese. The guns and artillery taken from the Danish, now served as protection of the new fort.
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2091:, to further their own interests. By placing puppets on the various Sinhalese kingdoms, the Portuguese slowly extended their control over
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2134:. This diplomatic mission proved a failure, and instead Boschouver went to Denmark and concluded an un-ratified treaty with
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quickly observed this new Danish interference in the affairs of the island, and promptly responded. On April 14, 1622 (
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had started to intervene in internal
Sinhalese politics by taking advantage of the rivalries and animosities among the
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2368:(in Portuguese). Faculdade de Arquitetura e Escola Politécnica da UFBA: International go. pp. 620–635.
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Political map of Ceylon and Ove Gjedde's expeditionary routes. Trincomalee is market with a Danish banner.
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Bocarro, A. "Livro das plantas das fortalezas cidades e povoacois do Estado da India
Oriental", p. 238.
2417:
Bocarro, A. "Livro das plantas das fortalezas cidades e povoacois do Estado da India
Oriental", p. 238.
1939:
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After the final treaty, Ove Gjedde left parts of his expeditionary army in Ceylon to build a fort at
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of Kandy desperately sent courier
Marchells Michielsz Boschouver to Europe for negotiating an
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Being a research into the history of Jaffna, from very early times to the
Portuguese period
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Following the Danish incursion, the
Portuguese recognized the necessity of establishing a
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in the region. Therefore they began the construction of a new triangular fort called
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93:
80:
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2268:
314:
2577:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services (republished: 1993). p. 378.
2238:
2215:
2123:
2061:
in April 1622. Koneswaram was at the time of conquest a Danish fortress.
2168:(if necessary) were strong enough to defeat the Portuguese. Prolonged
2620:
2246:
2173:
2127:
2335:
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2193:
2165:
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On 18 May 1620 the Danish expedition reached the coastal city of
2245:, the temple was pushed over the edge and into the sea. Fleeing
2234:
2138:. Denmark sent five vessles and 300 soldiers, at the command of
862:
318:
2539:
An outline of the cultural history and principles of
Hinduism
2482:. The University of California Los Angeles. pp. 197–206.
2395:
Marchells
Michielsz Boschouver — imperiebygger eller svindler
2336:"The History of Trincomalee during Portuguese and Dutch rule"
16:
Colonial controntation between the Portuguese and the Danish
2400:
Marchells Michielsz Boschouver — Empire builder or imposter
2206:
Fort Fredrick § 1622 destruction of Koneswaram temple
2218:), the Koneswaram temple, known by the Portuguese as the
2152:
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts § Danish negotiations
2225:
was attacked by the Portuguese general and governor of
2523:
Denmark in the Indian Ocean, 1616-1845 An Introduction
2172:
between the Danes, who wanted the promised monopol on
2164:. The Sinhalese were still interested to know if the
2599:Queyroz (1987). "The temporal and spiritual...".
2357:As Primeiras Fortificações Europeias no Sri Lanka
47:, Sri Lanka by Baldaeus and visited by Ove Gjedde
2674:Battles involving the Danish East India Company
23:
2362:The First European Fortifications in Sri Lanka
1881:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
2045:, was the destruction of the Hindu temple of
874:
330:
8:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2103:as the last independent Sinhalese kingdom.
2541:(1 ed.). Colombo: Stangard Printers.
2502:. University of Chicago Press. p. 90.
2237:priests entered the temple and looted its
881:
867:
859:
337:
323:
315:
20:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2180:agreed to cede Trincomalee to the Danes.
2500:Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III
2118:and torched the city. In response, king
2313:
2290:
123:Trincomalee conquered by the Portuguese
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2146:Dano-Sinhalese negotiations and treaty
2594:
2592:
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2509:
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7:
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2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2563:Olsen, op. cit. (n. 274) pp. 42-79
2271:to enhance their control over the
14:
2114:In 1611, the Portuguese captured
2043:Destruction of Koneswaram Temple
271:
262:
253:
243:
234:
223:
204:
188:
175:
154:
141:
37:
2081:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2075:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2079:Since the early phases of the
2071:Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts
31:Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts
1:
2055:Portuguese governor of Ceylon
2039:Conquest of Koneswaram Temple
892:Portuguese colonial campaigns
24:Conquest of Koneswaram Temple
2447:A Short History of Sri Lanka
2231:Constantino de Sá de Noronha
2059:Constantino de Sá de Noronha
2669:Danish colonisation of Asia
2354:Rodrigues, Joaquim (2019).
837:St. Thomas & Santa Cruz
2690:
2649:Battles involving Portugal
2573:Rasanayagam, M.C. (1926).
2256:
2203:
2192:, and he himself left for
2149:
2068:
2654:Battles involving Denmark
2476:Ceylon and the Portuguese
900:
352:
346:Danish colonial conflicts
296:
283:
216:
131:
51:
36:
28:
2659:Battles involving Norway
2334:Ramerini, Marco (2005).
2267:on the eastern coast of
2132:Dutch East India Company
1920:Banda Oriental (1816–20)
1898:Banda Oriental (1776–77)
1851:Banda Oriental (1735–37)
1624:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
2520:Stow, Randolph (1979).
2136:Christian IV of Denmark
2017:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74)
1554:Coromandel Coast (1619)
2537:Sivaratnam, C (1964).
2473:P. E., Pieris (1920).
2445:Codrington, H.W, "7",
2111:
1935:Mozambique (1847–1910)
1559:Persian Gulf (1621–22)
1462:Indian Ocean (1586–89)
1232:Indian Ocean (1538–60)
1032:Persian Gulf (1507–15)
997:Indian Ocean (1505–17)
217:Commanders and leaders
2498:Lach, Donald (2022).
2338:. colonialvoyage.com.
2278:Fort of Triquillimale
2150:Further information:
2109:
2069:Further information:
1814:East Africa (1696–98)
1102:Sri Lanka (1520–1658)
297:Casualties and losses
43:Antique print of the
2435:Gaston Perera p. 144
2220:Temple of a Thousand
2216:Tamil New Year's Day
2097:annexation of Jaffna
2041:, also known as the
2022:Mozambique (1964–74)
1987:Mozambique (1917-18)
1982:Mozambique (1917–18)
1967:East Timor (1911–12)
1910:French Guiana (1809)
1764:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1759:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
1182:Moluccas (1530–1607)
94:8.58250°N 81.24556°E
2613:1987Natur.330..705C
2162:military assistance
1599:Persian Gulf (1625)
1569:Persian Gulf (1622)
1539:Persian Gulf (1614)
1482:Sri Lanka (1587–88)
1467:Persian Gulf (1586)
1352:Sri Lanka (1557–58)
1342:Gulf of Oman (1554)
1327:Persian Gulf (1551)
1197:Persian Gulf (1534)
1177:Persian Gulf (1529)
305:14 artillery pieces
90: /
2607:(6150): 727, 737.
2426:S.G Perera pp 8-11
2402:] (in Danish).
2112:
2089:Sinhalese kingdoms
1977:Angola (1914–1917)
1893:Angola (1774–1778)
1704:Malaysia (1640–41)
1644:East Africa (1632)
1564:Trincomalee (1622)
1534:Brazil (1612–1615)
1267:East Africa (1542)
1227:Brazil (1534–1536)
1172:East Africa (1528)
1087:East Africa (1517)
1012:East Africa (1507)
992:East Africa (1505)
567:5th Christiansborg
545:4ht Christiansborg
528:3rd Christiansborg
523:2nd Christiansborg
518:1st Christiansborg
195:East India Company
113:Portuguese victory
2664:Portuguese Ceylon
2227:Portuguese Ceylon
2200:Portuguese attack
2085:Portuguese Empire
2032:
2031:
1945:Mozambique (1895)
1769:Malabar (1658–63)
1669:Gold Coast (1637)
1609:Gold Coast (1625)
1497:India (1599–1600)
1412:Chaul (1570–1571)
1297:Insulindia (1545)
1152:Insulindia (1526)
1147:Insulindia (1525)
1142:Sumatra (1523–24)
1117:Insulindia (1521)
977:India (1500–1513)
930:Morocco (1463–64)
855:
854:
685:Strait of Malacca
651:4th Bay of Bengal
646:3rd Bay of Bengal
641:2nd Bay of Bengal
631:1st Bay of Bengal
479:Cape of Good Hope
313:
312:
278:Senarath Adahasin
230:Constantino de Sá
162:Portuguese Ceylon
149:Portuguese Empire
127:
126:
99:8.58250; 81.24556
69:Koneswaram Temple
2681:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2621:10.1038/330705a0
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2351:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2302:
2295:
2101:kingdom of Kandy
2012:Angola (1961–74)
2007:Africa (1961–74)
1972:Angola (1914–15)
1957:Angola (1902–04)
1925:Brazil (1821–25)
1876:Brazil (1762–63)
1754:Brazil (1652–54)
1709:Angola (1641–48)
1659:Arabia (1633–43)
1422:Mangalore (1571)
1337:Arabia (1552–54)
895:
893:
883:
876:
869:
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734:Dannemarksnagore
602:Coromandel Coast
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339:
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2392:Lauring, KĂĄre.
2391:
2390:
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2365:
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2352:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2315:
2311:
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2255:
2241:. In an act of
2208:
2202:
2186:
2154:
2148:
2077:
2067:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
1992:Timor (1942–43)
1915:China (1809–10)
1846:India (1729–32)
1719:India (1644–45)
1684:India (1638–39)
1614:Malaysia (1628)
1544:Malaysia (1615)
1524:Malaysia (1606)
1519:Malaysia (1606)
1477:Malaysia (1587)
1472:Malaysia (1586)
1442:Malaysia (1575)
1437:Malaysia (1574)
1432:Malaysia (1573)
1427:India (1570–75)
1407:Goa (1570–1571)
1347:Pakistan (1557)
1332:Malaysia (1551)
1312:Malaysia (1547)
1292:Ethiopia (1543)
1287:Ethiopia (1542)
1282:Ethiopia (1542)
1277:Ethiopia (1542)
1272:Ethiopia (1542)
1262:Ethiopia (1542)
1257:Ethiopia (1541)
1222:Moluccas (1536)
1217:Malaysia (1536)
1212:Malaysia (1535)
1202:Malaysia (1534)
1137:Malaysia (1523)
1097:Malaysia (1520)
1052:Malaysia (1511)
896:
891:
889:
887:
857:
856:
851:
816:
770:Nicobar Islands
584:
463:
430:
401:Veliky Novgorod
348:
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343:
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306:
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142:
140:
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98:
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89:
84:
81:
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76:
75:
45:Batticaloa Fort
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2676:
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2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
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2640:
2636:
2635:
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2588:
2565:
2556:
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2505:
2485:
2452:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2405:
2371:
2341:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2265:fortified base
2257:Main article:
2254:
2251:
2243:religious zeal
2201:
2198:
2185:
2182:
2147:
2144:
2066:
2063:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Morocco (1769)
1885:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Morocco (1640)
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Malacca (1629)
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Sumatra (1606)
1511:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Mombasa (1589)
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Morocco (1578)
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Honavar (1571)
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Sumatra (1569)
1399:
1397:Malacca (1568)
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:Morocco (1564)
1379:
1377:Morocco (1562)
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Red Sea (1541)
1249:
1247:Red Sea (1541)
1244:
1242:Red Sea (1541)
1239:
1237:Red Sea (1541)
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1192:Morocco (1533)
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Sumatra (1528)
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1127:Sumatra (1522)
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Bahrain (1521)
1109:
1107:Sumatra (1521)
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1082:Morocco (1516)
1079:
1077:Morocco (1515)
1074:
1072:Morocco (1515)
1069:
1067:Morocco (1514)
1064:
1062:Morocco (1514)
1059:
1057:Morocco (1513)
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Socotra (1507)
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
982:Algeria (1501)
979:
973:
972:
968:
967:
965:Morocco (1490)
962:
960:Morocco (1489)
957:
955:Morocco (1487)
952:
947:
945:Morocco (1471)
942:
940:Morocco (1471)
937:
935:Morocco (1468)
932:
927:
925:Morocco (1458)
922:
920:Morocco (1437)
917:
915:Morocco (1419)
912:
910:Morocco (1415)
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
888:
886:
885:
878:
871:
863:
853:
852:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
818:
817:
811:
810:
809:
807:7th Tranquebar
804:
799:
794:
792:6th Tranquebar
789:
777:
775:5th Tranquebar
772:
767:
762:
761:
760:
755:
753:Anandamangalam
750:
742:4th Tranquebar
738:
737:
736:
724:
722:3rd Tranquebar
719:
717:2nd Tranquebar
714:
712:1st Tranquebar
709:
704:
699:
694:
693:
692:
687:
682:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
616:
611:
610:
609:
604:
586:
585:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
509:
508:
503:
501:Fredericksborg
491:
486:
484:Canary Islands
481:
476:
465:
464:
458:
456:East Greenland
453:
448:
443:
435:North Atlantic
432:
431:
425:
420:
415:
410:
409:
408:
403:
391:
390:
389:
384:
372:
367:
362:
353:
350:
349:
344:
342:
341:
334:
327:
319:
311:
310:
303:
299:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
281:
280:
250:
219:
218:
214:
213:
200:
199:
198:
197:
183:Denmark-Norway
171:
169:
167:
166:
165:
164:
137:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
67:
65:
61:
60:
59:April 14, 1622
57:
49:
48:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2686:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2526:. p. 13.
2525:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2259:Fort Fredrick
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Angola (1907)
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Brazil (1756)
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Angola (1723)
1839:
1837:
1836:Brazil (1711)
1834:
1832:
1831:Brazil (1710)
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Angola (1681)
1802:
1800:
1799:Angola (1671)
1797:
1795:
1794:Angola (1670)
1792:
1790:
1789:Angola (1670)
1787:
1785:
1784:Brazil (1666)
1782:
1780:
1779:Angola (1665)
1777:
1775:
1774:MargĂŁo (1659)
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Arabia (1650)
1747:
1745:
1744:Brazil (1649)
1742:
1740:
1739:Brazil (1648)
1737:
1735:
1734:Angola (1647)
1732:
1730:
1729:Brazil (1645)
1727:
1725:
1724:Brazil (1645)
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Brazil (1641)
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Brazil (1640)
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Brazil (1638)
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Brazil (1636)
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Arabia (1633)
1652:
1650:
1649:Bengal (1632)
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Brazil (1631)
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Brazil (1630)
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Brazil (1625)
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Angola (1624)
1592:
1590:
1589:Brazil (1624)
1587:
1585:
1584:Angola (1623)
1582:
1580:
1579:Angola (1622)
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Jaffna (1619)
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Jaffna (1591)
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Arabia (1581)
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Brazil (1567)
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Jaffna (1560)
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Brazil (1558)
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Arabia (1548)
1320:
1318:
1317:Arabia (1548)
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Arabia (1523)
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Arabia (1507)
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:Guinea (1478)
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
894:
884:
879:
877:
872:
870:
865:
864:
861:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
822:
815:
812:
808:
805:
803:
802:3rd Serampore
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:2nd Serampore
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:1st Serampore
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
729:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
597:
593:
592:
591:
590:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
535:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:
462:
461:Faroe Islands
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
351:
340:
335:
333:
328:
326:
321:
320:
317:
307:Multiple guns
304:
301:
300:
295:
291:
288:
287:
282:
279:
265:
256:
251:
246:
237:
231:
226:
221:
220:
215:
212:
196:
191:
186:
185:
184:
173:
172:
170:
163:
152:
151:
150:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
122:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
103:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2629:
2604:
2600:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2538:
2532:
2522:
2499:
2475:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2399:
2394:
2361:
2356:
2293:
2276:
2262:
2222:
2219:
2209:
2187:
2170:negotiations
2155:
2113:
2095:. After the
2078:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2002:India (1961)
1997:India (1954)
1951:20th century
1940:China (1849)
1930:China (1846)
1904:19th century
1866:India (1752)
1861:India (1746)
1856:India (1746)
1826:India (1704)
1820:18th century
1809:India (1693)
1689:India (1639)
1674:India (1638)
1634:Jambi (1630)
1574:China (1622)
1563:
1529:India (1612)
1503:17th century
1452:India (1581)
1387:Japan (1565)
1372:Japan (1561)
1362:India (1559)
1307:India (1547)
1302:India (1546)
1207:Tunis (1535)
1187:India (1531)
1157:India (1526)
1122:China (1521)
1047:India (1510)
1042:India (1509)
1037:India (1508)
1017:India (1507)
1007:India (1506)
1002:India (1506)
987:India (1504)
971:16th century
904:15th century
820:
819:
779:
758:4th Dansborg
740:
726:
697:3rd Dansborg
680:2nd Dansborg
672:
661:2nd Balasore
636:1st Balasore
618:
614:1st Dansborg
606:
594:
588:
587:
532:
493:
467:
466:
434:
433:
393:
374:
354:
259:Erich Grubbe
132:Belligerents
2190:Trincomalee
2158:Trincomalee
2051:Trincomalee
1509:Java (1601)
1162:Java (1527)
690:Philippines
607:Trincomalee
582:Prinsensten
489:Carolusborg
118:Territorial
97: /
73:Trincomalee
2643:Categories
2309:References
2299:Tranquebar
2212:Portuguese
2204:See also:
2140:Ove Gjedde
2093:the island
2065:Background
2047:Koneswaram
1092:Goa (1517)
728:2nd Bengal
620:1st Bengal
534:Gold Coast
506:Cape Corso
495:Cape Coast
474:Cape Verde
446:Jakobshavn
423:Aizkraukle
382:Lyndanisse
355:Baltic Sea
85:81°14′44″E
2583:249907591
2552:Chitty...
2253:Aftermath
2239:treasures
2130:with the
847:St. Croix
842:Caribbean
821:Caribbean
781:2nd India
674:1st India
656:2nd Pipli
626:1st Pipli
550:Crèvecœur
451:ReykjavĂk
370:Pomerania
268:Svend Due
82:8°34′57″N
2547:12240260
2223:Pillars,
2174:European
2124:alliance
832:West Kay
827:St. John
814:Porreiar
797:Nancowry
702:Golconda
395:Novgorod
284:Strength
64:Location
29:Part of
2609:Bibcode
2247:priests
2178:Senarat
2120:Senerat
2053:by the
748:Tillali
707:Carical
666:Hooghly
562:3rd Osu
513:1st Osu
441:Iceland
428:Estonia
387:Tallinn
376:Livonia
360:Wendish
309:2 Ships
302:Unknown
292:Unknown
289:Unknown
240:Baretto
120:changes
2601:Nature
2581:
2545:
2364:]
2269:Ceylon
2184:Action
2128:treaty
2099:, the
2083:, the
596:Ceylon
577:Dodowa
468:Africa
418:Karuse
249:Cabral
180:
159:
146:
110:Result
2480:(PDF)
2398:[
2366:(PDF)
2360:[
2285:Notes
2273:goods
2194:India
2166:Danes
2116:Kandy
2049:, at
572:Volta
557:Ningo
413:Durbe
406:Pskov
365:RĂĽgen
211:Kandy
2579:OCLC
2543:OCLC
2235:Iyer
2210:The
2073:and
2037:The
589:Asia
56:Date
2617:doi
540:2nd
2645::
2615:.
2605:II
2603:.
2591:^
2549:.
2508:^
2488:^
2455:^
2408:^
2374:^
2344:^
2316:^
2229:,
2057:,
71:,
2623:.
2619::
2611::
2585:.
2450:.
2126:-
882:e
875:t
868:v
338:e
331:t
324:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
