1016:), and the Legislative Council of Quebec (since abolished). The legislatures are summoned by the Lieutenant Governors (Section 82). Section 83 prohibits provincial civil servants (excluding cabinet ministers) from sitting in the provincial legislatures. Section 84 allows for existing election laws and voting requirements to continue after the union. Section 85 sets the life of each legislature as no more than four years, with a session at least once every twelve months under Section 86. Section 87 extends the rules regarding speakers, by-elections, quorum, etc., as set for the federal House of Commons to the legislatures of Ontario and Quebec.
1393:(1989) the Supreme Court stated that the "nature of the disputes" historically heard by the superior courts, not just the historical remedies provided, must be read broadly. If the tribunal is found to intrude on the historical jurisdiction of the superior court, the inquiry must turn to the second stage which considers whether the function of the tribunal and whether it operates as an adjudicative body. The final step assesses the context of the tribunal's exercise of power and looks to see if there are any further considerations to justify its encroachment upon the superior court's jurisdiction.
156:
623:
3009:
472:
274:
906:: 106 for Ontario, 75 for Quebec, 11 for Nova Scotia, 10 for New Brunswick, 14 for Manitoba, 36 for British Columbia, 4 for Prince Edward Island, 28 for Alberta, 14 for Saskatchewan, 7 for Newfoundland and Labrador, 1 for Yukon, 1 for the Northwest Territories, and 1 for Nunavut. The House is summoned by the governor general under Section 38. Section 39 forbids senators to sit in the Commons. Section 41 divides the provinces in
484:
3021:
911:
sittings of the House (46). Quorum for the house is set at 20 members, including the speaker by
Section 48. Section 49 says that the speaker cannot vote except in the case of a tied vote. The maximum term for a house is five years between elections under Section 50. Section 51 sets out the rules by which Commons seats are to be redistributed following censuses, allowing for more seats to be added by section 52.
44:
1413:. The inquiry must begin by determining whether the enabling legislation gives explicit authority to apply the law. If so, then the court may apply the constitution. The second line of inquiry looks into whether there was implied authority to apply the law. This can be found by examining the text of the act, its context, and the general nature and characteristics of the adjudicative body.
884:
in
Section 28. Senators are appointed for life (meaning until age 75 since 1965), under Section 29, though they can resign under Section 30 and can be removed under the terms of section 31, in which case the vacancy can be filled by the governor general (Section 32). Section 33 gives the Senate the power to rule on its own disputes over eligibility and vacancy. The
816:. Section 12 states that the statutory powers of the executives of the former provinces of Upper Canada, Lower Canada, Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick continue to exist, until modified by subsequent legislation. To the extent those pre-Confederation statutory powers now came within provincial jurisdiction, they could be exercised by the
1471:
Section 133 establishes
English and French as the official languages of the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of Quebec. Either language can be used in the federal Parliament and the National Assembly of Quebec. All federal and Quebec laws must be enacted in both languages, and both language
1074:
to "make laws for the peace, order, and good government of Canada, in relation to all matters not coming within the classes of subjects by this Act assigned exclusively to the
Legislatures of the provinces". Although the text of the act appears to give Parliament residuary powers to enact laws in any
883:
to add four or eight senators at a time to the Senate, divided among the divisions, but according to section 27 no more senators can then be appointed until, by death or retirement, the number of senators drops below the regular limit of 24 per division. The maximum number of senators was set at 113,
768:
The act establishes the
Dominion of Canada by uniting the North American British "Provinces" (colonies) of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Section 3 establishes that the union would take effect within six months of passage of the act and Section 4 confirms "Canada" as the name of the country
1369:
with the constitutional authority to hear cases. The "section 96 courts" are typically characterized as the "anchor" of the justice system around which the other courts must conform. As their jurisdiction is said to be "inherent", the courts have the authority to try all matters of law except where
1257:
Sections 93 and 93A give the
Provincial Provinces power over the competency of education, but there are significant restrictions designed to protect minority religious rights. This is due that it was created during a time when there was a significant controversy between Protestants and Catholics in
1361:
Section 96 authorizes the federal government to appoint judges for "the
Superior, District, and County Courts in each Province". No provinces have district or county courts anymore, but all provinces have superior courts. Although the provinces pay for these courts and determine their jurisdiction
1158:
As a matter of policy dating back to
Confederation, the federal government has delegated the prosecutorial function for almost all criminal offences to the provincial Attorneys General. Crown Prosecutors appointed under provincial law thus prosecute almost all Criminal Code offences across Canada.
1146:
However, under section 92(14), the provinces are delegated the power to administer justice, "including the constitution, maintenance, and organization of provincial courts, both of civil and criminal jurisdictions, and including procedure in civil matters in both courts". This provision allows the
820:
of the provinces, either alone or by the advice of the provincial executive councils. To the extent the pre-Confederation statutory powers now came within federal jurisdiction, they could be exercised by the
Governor General, either with the advice of the Privy Council or alone. Section 13 defines
910:
and
Section 41 continues electoral laws and voting qualifications of the time, subject to revision. Section 44 allows the house to elect its own speaker and allows the House to replace the speaker in the case of death (Section 45) or prolonged absence (47). A speaker is required to preside at all
825:
as the governor general acting with the advice of the Privy Council. Section 14 allows the Governor General to appoint deputies to exercise their powers in various parts of Canada. The Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces in Canada continues to be vested in the King under Section 15. Section 16
1047:
The powers of government are divided between the provinces and the federal government and are described in sections 91 to 95 of the act. Sections 91 and 92 are of particular importance, as they enumerate the subjects for which each jurisdiction can enact a law, with section 91 listing matters of
1598:
Section 133 allows bilingualism in both the federal Parliament and the Quebec legislature, allows for records to be kept in both languages, and allows bilingualism in federal and Quebec courts. Interpretation of this section has found that this provision requires that all statutes and delegated
1048:
federal jurisdiction and section 92 listing matters of provincial jurisdiction. Sections 92A and 93 and 93A are concerned with non-renewable natural resources and education, respectively (both are primarily provincial responsibilities). Section 94 leaves open a possible change to laws regarding
1373:
The scope of the core jurisdiction of section 96 courts has been a matter of considerable debate and litigation. When commencing litigation a court's jurisdiction may be challenged on the basis that it does not have jurisdiction. The issue is typically whether the statutory court created under
923:" (dealing with taxes or appropriation of funds) must originate in the Commons under Section 53 and must be proposed by the governor general (i.e. the government) under section 54. Sections 55, 56, and 57 allow the governor general to assent to in the Queen's name, withhold assent to or
1162:
Section 91(28) gives Parliament exclusive power over "penitentiaries" while section 92(6) gives the provinces powers over the "prisons". This means that offenders sentenced to two years or more go to federal penitentiaries while those with lighter sentences go to provincial prisons.
1486:
Section 146 allows the federal government to negotiate the entry of new provinces into the Union without the need to seek the permission of the existing provinces. Section 147 establishes that Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland would have 4 senators upon joining Confederation.
1138:
Section 91(27) gives Parliament the power to make law related to the "criminal law, except the constitution of courts of criminal jurisdiction, but including the procedure in criminal matters". It was on this authority that Parliament enacted and amends the
1370:
the jurisdiction has been taken away by another court. However, courts created by the federal government under section 101 or by the provincial government under 92(14) are generally not allowed to intrude on the core jurisdiction of a section 96 court.
872:
and the Western Provinces (at the time of the Union, there were 72 senators). Section 23 lays out the qualifications to become a senator. Senators are appointed by the governor general under Section 24 (which until the 1929 judicial decision in
1032:
Section 90 extends the provisions regarding money votes, royal assent, reservation and disallowance, as established for the federal Parliament to the provincial legislatures but with the governor general in the role of the Queen-in-Council.
692:
1387:. The tribunal must not touch upon what was historically intended as the jurisdiction of the superior court. The first stage of inquiry considers what matters were typically exclusive to the court at the time of Confederation in 1867. In
1203:
Section 91(26) gives the federal government power over divorce and marriage. On this basis, Parliament can legislate on the substantive law of marriage and divorce. However, the provinces have power over the procedural law governing the
1599:
legislation be in both languages and be of equal force. Likewise, it has been found that the meaning of "courts" in Section 133 includes all federal and provincial courts as well as all tribunals that exercise an adjudicative function.
1467:
Section 132 gives the federal Parliament the legislative power to implement treaties entered to by the British government on behalf of the Empire. With the acquisition of full sovereignty by Canada, this provision has limited effect.
1094:, allowing an expansion of the federal government's taxation power over the provinces in the wake of the climate change crisis, concurrently as Parliament joined with other national legislatures in declaring that the nation was in a "
1345:
Section 92(14) gives the provincial legislatures the power over the "Constitution, Maintenance, and Organization of Provincial Courts, both of Civil and of Criminal Jurisdiction". This power includes the creation of both the
1446:
where the federal government is liable for the debts of the provinces (Sections 111–116). It establishes the tradition of the federal government supporting the provinces through fiscal transfers (Section 119). It creates a
3072:
1293:
Under Section 95, the federal and provincial governments share power over agriculture and immigration. Either order of government can make laws in this area, but in the case of a conflict, federal law prevails.
1417:
1316:
Section 101 gives Parliament power to create a "general court of appeal for Canada" and "additional Courts for the better Administration of the Laws of Canada". Parliament has used this power to create the
1603:
1274:
Under Section 94A, the federal and provincial governments share power over Old Age Pensions. Either order of government can make laws in this area, but in the case of a conflict, provincial law prevails.
1611:
1607:
1615:
1619:
943:
The basic governing structures of the provinces are laid out in Part V of the act. (Specific mentions are made to the four founding provinces, but the general pattern holds for all the provinces.)
2573:
512:
1266:
Section 94 allows for the provinces that use the British-derived common law system, in effect all but Quebec, to unify their property and civil rights laws. This power has never been used.
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exempts governments in Canada from paying most taxes; and section 133 provides for bilingualism in the legislative and judicial branches of the federal and Quebec governments (see below).
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for either Protestant or Catholic minorities; section 99 establishes a right for judges to serve during good behaviour unless removed by the governor general under advice from Parliament;
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2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
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2503:
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Canada over whether schools should be parochial or non-denominational. Section 93(2) specifically extends all pre-existing denominational school rights into the post-Confederation era.
402:
2488:
728:
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is appointed and dismissed by governor general under Section 34. Quorum for the Senate is (initially) set at 15 senators by Section 35, and voting procedures are set by Section 36.
1079:, subsequent Privy Council jurisprudence held that the "peace, order, and good government" power is in a delimited federal competency like those listed under section 91 (see e.g.
1353:
Superior courts are known as "courts of inherent jurisdiction", as they receive their constitutional authority from historical convention inherited from the United Kingdom.
3087:
1121:
788:, respectively, become full provinces in Section 6. Section 7 confirms that the boundaries of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are not changed. And Section 8 provides that a
1243:
Section 92(10) allows the federal government to declare any "works or undertakings" to be of national importance, and thereby remove them from provincial jurisdiction.
2100:
1383:
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of all provinces; section 86 requires Parliament and all legislatures sit at least once per year; section 93 provides, notwithstanding provincial jurisdiction over
1191:
and civil rights in the province". In practice, this power has been read broadly to give the provinces authority over numerous matters such as professional trades,
505:
2743:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2316:
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1401:
Not all courts and tribunals have jurisdiction to hear constitutional challenges. The court, at the very least, must have jurisdiction to apply the law. In
2306:
2186:
959:), who serves at the pleasure of the governor general (Section 59), whose salary is paid by the federal parliament (Section 60), and who must swear the
2283:
2278:
2120:
1537:
1533:
1456:
1452:
1437:
1433:
498:
390:
1229:, which is usually considered to be within the provincial jurisdictions of "civil rights" (s. 92(13)) and "matters of a private nature" (s. 92(16)).
772:
Section 5 lists the four provinces of the new federation. These are formed by dividing the former Province of Canada into two: its two subdivisions,
603:
The long title is "An Act for the Union of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the Government Thereof; and for Purposes Connected Therewith."
2679:
2125:
997:
976:
956:
397:
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1931:
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Section 91(24) of the act provides that the federal government has the legislative jurisdiction for "Indians and lands reserved for the Indians".
747:
735:
723:
682:
432:
61:
1516:
identified several rights provided in various sections of the act that he termed the "small bill of rights": section 50 limits the duration of a
983:
of the first four provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick), but also allows those provinces to change their seats of government.
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178:
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to a maximum of five years; sections 51 and 52 require readjustment of seats in the House of Commons following each census to guarantee
1124:(AANDC), formerly known as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), has been the main federal organization exercising this authority.
1106:, he provides that "counsel for Canada conceded that the act was not passed on the basis that climate change constitutes an emergency".
1076:
108:
2695:
1583:
does not repeat or establish new rights for separate schools but reaffirms the right to separate schools provided under the 1867 Act.
813:
665:
377:
1595:, it does provide some rights for the users of both languages in respect of some institutions of the federal and Quebec governments.
80:
2759:
2301:
2020:
1065:
357:
127:
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of the Charter elaborate by declaring English and French to be the official languages and allowing for bilingual public services.
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285:
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and lower federal courts. It has created the Supreme Court under both branches of s. 101. The lower federal courts, such as the
868:
The Senate has 105 senators (Section 21), most of whom represent (Section 22) one of four equal divisions: Ontario, Quebec, the
173:
An Act for the Union of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the Government thereof; and for Purposes connected therewith.
87:
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1001:
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65:
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The anniversary of the act's entry into force and creation of the Dominion of Canada on 1 July 1867 is observed annually as
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There are also several instances of overlap in laws relating to marriage and divorce, which in most cases is solved through
927:
for the "signification of the Queen's pleasure" any bill passed by both houses. Within two years of the governor general's
3057:
1442:
This Part lays out the financial functioning of the government of Canada and the provincial governments. It establishes a
1389:
1337:
are all created under the second branch, i.e. as "additional Courts for the better Administration of the Laws of Canada".
1095:
94:
812:, is designated as "carrying on the Government of Canada on behalf and in the Name of the Queen". Section 11 creates the
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2072:
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To validate the jurisdiction of a federal or provincial tribunal it must satisfy a three-step inquiry first outlined in
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was interpreted as excluding women), and the first group of senators was proclaimed under section 25. Section 26 allows
817:
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1052:, which so far has not been realized. Sections 94A and 95, meanwhile, address matters of shared jurisdiction, namely
596:. Amendments were also made at this time: section 92A was added, giving provinces greater control over non-renewable
76:
1602:
These rights are duplicated in respect to the federal government, but not Quebec, and extended to New Brunswick, by
800:
Section 9 confirms that all executive authority "of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in
710:
of 1997 that the preamble shows judicial independence in Canada is constitutionally guaranteed. Political scientist
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843:
805:
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312:
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2010:
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the act; and within two years of the governor general's reservation, the Queen-in-Council may assent to the bill.
54:
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3092:
2813:
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1148:
964:
457:
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The authority over the judicial system in Canada is divided between Parliament and the provincial Legislatures.
1152:
850:), as created by section 17. Section 18 defines its powers and privileges as being no greater than those of the
592:, including this Act, were renamed. However, the acts are still known by their original names in records of the
2250:
2228:
1929:
in 1960, a federal statute. A constitutional bill of rights was not introduced until the 1982 enactment of the
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2181:
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provinces to create the courts of criminal jurisdiction and to create provincial police forces such as the
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1937:
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Section 88 simply extends the pre-union constitutions of those provinces into the post-Confederation era.
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854:. Section 19 states that Parliament's first session must begin six months after the passage of the act.
701:
677:
168:
769:(and the word "Canada" in the rest of the act refers to the new federation and not the old province).
101:
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1217:
1071:
1005:
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criticized the preamble in 2000, saying it was "seriously out of date". He claimed the act "lacks an
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362:
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1969:
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Digital reproduction of the British North America Act 1867 on the Parliamentary Archives catalogue
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2016:
1964:
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and 70 establishes the Legislature of Ontario, comprising the lieutenant governor and the
532:
367:
224:
2054:
1683:
2786:
1502:
1347:
1099:
751:
668:". This description of the Constitution has proven important in its interpretation. As
593:
1407:(2003) the Supreme Court re-articulated the test for constitutional jurisdiction from
700:
grounded its 1993 decision on the preamble. Moreover, since the UK had a tradition of
3041:
3013:
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971:(Sections 63 and 64). The lieutenant governor can exercise executive power alone or "
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in 1867, the preamble extended this right to Canada even before the enactment of the
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476:
442:
17:
1639:
1635:
1443:
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928:
196:
715:
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1911:
1365:
Historically, this section has been interpreted as providing superior courts of
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773:
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43:
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prevents one order of government from taxing the lands or assets of the other.
1187:
Section 92(13) gives the Provinces the exclusive power to make law related to "
963:(Section 61). The powers of a lieutenant governor can be substituted for by an
721:
The preamble to the act is not the Constitution of Canada's only preamble. The
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2440:
2176:
1828:. 2011 June Status Report of the Auditor General of Canada (Report). p. 4
1631:
1513:
669:
581:
554:
488:
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and procedural rules, the federal government appoints and pays their judges.
750:, repealed in 1893, originally stated that all references to the Queen (then
1789:"CITATION: Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2019 ONCA 544"
880:
711:
1350:, both of original jurisdiction and appeal, as well as inferior tribunals.
2078:
1188:
661:
637:
557:
28:
27:"BNA Act" redirects here, for the amendments to this act after 1867, see
781:
653:
1749:"Sask. carbon tax challenge: SK Appeal Court rules in Ottawa's favour"
785:
657:
1777:. Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc. June 17, 2019.
1418:
Section Twenty-four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
902:
The composition of the Commons, under Section 37, consists of 308
621:
1993:
The Critical Years: The Union of British North America, 1857–1873
1802:
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (June 2011).
1536:
prohibits customs duties and tariffs on inter-provincial trade;
2967:
2892:
2842:
2741:
2438:
2384:
2215:
2143:
2082:
2002:
The Constitution of Canada in its History and Practical Working
3073:
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Canada
1923:
The first written bill of rights at the federal level was the
1865:(2003 Student ed.). Toronto: Thomson Canada. p. 682.
1737:(3rd ed.). Toronto: Nelson Thomson Learning. p. 374.
1713:(2003 student ed.). Toronto: Thomson Canada. p. 686.
37:
1056:(section 94A) and agriculture and immigration (section 95).
696:, the leading Canadian case on parliamentary privilege, the
272:
1543:
Many of these rights were repeated or expanded in sections
1008:, which at the time comprised the lieutenant governor, the
676:, some have argued that, since the United Kingdom had some
1670:
1591:
Although the act does not establish English and French as
1775:"National climate emergency declared by House of Commons"
826:
declares Ottawa to be the seat of government for Canada.
1662:
1660:
1451:
which prohibits internal tariffs between the provinces (
1090:
sided with the federal government in a 3–2 split on the
2386:
Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982
2040:
Documents on the Confederation of British North America
1956:
Nation Maker—Sir John A. Macdonald: His Life, Our Times
2673:
Part II – Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada
2012:
Canadian History: Beginnings to Confederation vol. 1
2704:
2688:
2672:
2479:
2470:
2325:
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1914:
was conferred on this Act by section 1 of this Act.
1823:"Chapter 4: Programs for First Nations on Reserves"
244:
237:
230:
220:
215:
205:
195:
190:
177:
167:
68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1122:Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
967:(Sections 62 and 66). All provinces also have an
754:) equally apply to all her heirs and successors.
2689:Part III – Equalization and regional disparities
2481:Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2042:(2nd ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press.
1965:"The British North America Act: Past and Future"
1384:Reference Re Residential Tenancies Act (Ontario)
792:of all provinces must be held every ten years.
664:...with a Constitution similar in Principle to
2193:Report on the Affairs of British North America
1690:. Department of Justice Canada. March 12, 2019
1374:section 101 or 92(14) has encroached upon the
1311:
1049:
2094:
1791:. Court of Appeal for Ontario. June 28, 2019.
1638:prior to 1982) and is celebrated as Canada's
693:New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. Nova Scotia
580:, and the taxation system. In 1982, with the
506:
8:
1958:. Mississauga, Ontario: Random House Canada.
1428:Part VIII: Revenues; debts, assets; taxation
1239:Section 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867
1173:Section 92(13) of the Constitution Act, 1867
1134:Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867
734:Part I consists of just one extant section.
143:
2187:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
1984:Commentary on the British North America Act
1312:Parliament's power to create federal courts
1081:AG Canada v AG Ontario (Labour Conventions)
686:in 1982; this was a supposed basis for the
2964:
2889:
2839:
2738:
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2467:
2435:
2381:
2289:
2256:
2212:
2146:Pre-Confederation constitutional documents
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2101:
2087:
2079:
513:
499:
252:
142:
3088:1867 establishments in the British Empire
2009:Taylor, Martin Brook; Doug Owram (1994).
1821:Office of the Auditor General of Canada.
1438:Section 125 of the Constitution Act, 1867
1434:Section 121 of the Constitution Act, 1867
626:Front page of a copy of the act from 1867
560:and defines much of the operation of the
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
33:Primary constitutional document of Canada
1279:Agriculture and Immigration (Section 95)
1075:area that has not been allocated to the
1004:, and Sections 71 to 80 establishes the
2462:Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives
2355:Fines and penalties for provincial laws
1932:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1903:
1656:
1509:did not emerge until the 20th century.
683:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
264:
3078:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1867
1735:Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches
1221:is valid legislation, even though the
632:Preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867
348:British North America Acts (1867–1975)
2792:Individual ministerial responsibility
1669:, 30 & 31 Victoria (U.K.), c. 3,
588:which were originally enacted by the
239:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
2360:Matters of a local or private nature
1335:Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada
1092:Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act
931:to a bill, the Queen-in-Council may
66:adding citations to reliable sources
2989:Constitution Act (British Columbia)
2004:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1501:The act does not include a written
1476:Part X: Admission of Other Colonies
640:declaring that the three provinces
358:Succession to the Throne Act (1937)
2969:Provincial constitutions of Canada
2895:Interpretation of the Constitution
378:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
246:Revised text of statute as amended
25:
2760:Cabinet collective responsibility
2302:Peace, order, and good government
2000:Riddell, William Renwick (1917).
1804:"Change to the Department's Name"
1341:Provincial power to create courts
1066:Peace, order, and good government
704:, the Supreme Court ruled in the
3020:
3019:
3007:
2121:List of constitutional documents
2065:, as originally enacted, in the
1512:Canadian constitutional scholar
1060:Peace, order and good government
939:Part V: Provincial Constitutions
482:
470:
161:Parliament of the United Kingdom
154:
42:
2062:British North America Act, 1867
2015:. University of Toronto Press.
1986:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.
1963:Kennedy, P.M. (June 15, 1937).
1482:Territorial evolution of Canada
1472:versions have equal authority.
1247:Education (Sections 93 and 93A)
1225:has some incidental effects on
1002:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
814:King's Privy Council for Canada
810:administrator of the government
542:British North America Act, 1867
53:needs additional citations for
2229:Charlottetown Conference, 1864
2126:Amendments to the Constitution
1995:. s: McClelland & Stewart.
1888:Att. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie
1876:Att. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie
1404:N.S. v. Martin; N.S. v. Laseur
1270:Old Age Pensions (Section 94A)
1208:of marriage (section 92(12)).
1110:First Nations, Inuit and MĂ©tis
1010:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
660:) have requested to form "one
433:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
144:British North America Act 1867
1:
3083:1867 establishments in Canada
2876:Other unsuccessful amendments
1390:Sobeys Stores Ltd. v. Yeomans
1102:'s dissenting opinion on the
1020:Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
539:), originally enacted as the
537:Loi constitutionnelle de 1867
353:Statute of Westminster (1931)
2941:Interjurisdictional immunity
2765:Disallowance and reservation
2417:Statute of Westminster, 1931
1890:et al., 2 SCR 1016 at 1029.
1863:Constitutional Law of Canada
1851:, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-26, s. 3
1711:Constitutional Law of Canada
1522:proportionate representation
1420:for the jurisdiction of the
1215:. For instance, the federal
1213:interjurisdictional immunity
1116:Aboriginal peoples in Canada
1088:Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
915:Money votes and royal assent
674:Constitutional Law of Canada
2317:Matters excepted from s. 92
1593:Canada's official languages
1397:Constitutional jurisdiction
1195:, and consumer protection.
1104:Court of Appeal for Ontario
1037:Part VI: Division of Powers
1014:National Assembly of Quebec
965:administrator of government
823:Governor General in Council
707:Provincial Judges Reference
3114:
3068:Aboriginal title in Canada
2906:Indigenous self-government
2396:British North America Acts
2182:Constitutional Act of 1791
2172:Royal Proclamation of 1763
2167:Constitution of New France
1667:The Constitution Act, 1867
1614:of the Charter of Rights;
1518:House of Commons of Canada
1505:and judicial theory on an
1494:
1479:
1431:
1301:
1282:
1250:
1236:
1176:
1170:
1131:
1113:
1063:
1040:
951:Each province must have a
898:House of Commons of Canada
895:
861:
844:House of Commons of Canada
830:Part IV: Legislative Power
761:
666:that of the United Kingdom
629:
610:
586:British North America Acts
549:), is a major part of the
140:United Kingdom legislation
26:
3001:
2974:
2963:
2901:
2888:
2851:
2838:
2814:Parliamentary sovereignty
2755:At His Majesty's pleasure
2750:
2737:
2447:
2434:
2391:
2380:
2350:Administration of justice
2345:Property and civil rights
2224:
2211:
2152:
2139:
2116:
2027:; Guide to historiography
1954:Gwyn, Richard J. (2011).
1167:Property and civil rights
1050:property and civil rights
796:Part III: Executive Power
584:of the Constitution, the
458:Canadian Human Rights Act
323:Constitutional Act (1791)
313:Royal Proclamation (1763)
153:
148:
2251:Fathers of Confederation
2131:Quasi-constitutional law
1982:McConnell, W. H (1977).
1684:"Constitution Act, 1867"
1673:retrieved on 2019-03-14.
1012:(renamed in 1968 to the
338:Supreme Court Act (1875)
303:Act of Settlement (1701)
77:"Constitution Act, 1867"
2979:Constitution of Alberta
2921:Equal authenticity rule
2809:Parliamentary privilege
2246:London Conference, 1866
2234:Quebec Conference, 1864
2067:UK Statute Law Database
1926:Canadian Bill of Rights
1861:Hogg, Peter W. (2003).
1709:Hogg, Peter W. (2003).
1671:http://canlii.ca/t/ldsw
1378:of a section 96 court.
1323:Federal Court of Appeal
1319:Supreme Court of Canada
698:Supreme Court of Canada
448:Canadian Bill of Rights
403:Unsuccessful amendments
343:Constitution Act (1886)
333:Constitution Act (1867)
3063:Canadian Confederation
3048:Constitution of Canada
2984:Constitution of Quebec
2936:Implied Bill of Rights
2770:Responsible government
2472:Constitution Act, 1982
2452:Fulton–Favreau formula
2422:Newfoundland Act, 1949
2412:Saskatchewan Act, 1905
2340:Works and undertakings
2261:Constitution Act, 1867
2110:Constitution of Canada
2055:Constitution Act, 1867
2038:Browne, G. P. (2009).
1938:Constitution Act, 1982
1507:Implied Bill of Rights
1497:Implied Bill of Rights
1463:Part IX: Miscellaneous
1376:exclusive jurisdiction
1304:Court system of Canada
1233:Works and undertakings
1183:Human rights in Canada
1077:provincial governments
1070:Section 91 authorizes
842:and two chambers (the
804:". In section 10, the
764:Canadian Confederation
744:Constitution Act, 1867
688:Implied Bill of Rights
636:The act begins with a
627:
613:Canadian Confederation
551:Constitution of Canada
536:
528:Constitution Act, 1867
453:Implied bill of rights
373:Constitution Act, 1982
308:Treaty of Paris (1763)
293:Implied bill of rights
286:Constitutional history
277:
266:Constitution of Canada
2845:Constitutional debate
2157:Iroquois constitution
1991:Morton, W. L (1968).
1480:Further information:
1432:Further information:
1367:inherent jurisdiction
1289:Immigration to Canada
1285:Agriculture in Canada
1179:Canadian property law
1177:Further information:
1153:Sûreté du Québec (SQ)
886:speaker of the Senate
876:Edwards v Canada (AG)
702:judicial independence
678:freedom of expression
625:
423:Constitutional debate
363:Letters Patent (1947)
298:Bill of Rights (1689)
276:
18:Constitution Act 1867
3058:1867 in Canadian law
2866:Charlottetown Accord
2162:Mi'kmaq constitution
1878:et al., 2 SCR 1016.
1810:on January 14, 2013.
1688:Justice Laws Website
1491:Small bill of rights
1298:Part VII: Judicature
1006:Parliament of Quebec
836:Parliament of Canada
818:lieutenant governors
652:(which later became
562:Government of Canada
553:. The act created a
62:improve this article
2871:Calgary Declaration
2269:Canadian federalism
1970:Canadian Bar Review
1733:Dyck, Rand (2000).
1526:education in Canada
1331:Tax Court of Canada
1253:Education in Canada
1043:Canadian federalism
981:seats of government
953:lieutenant governor
908:electoral districts
618:Preamble and Part I
438:Canadian federalism
328:Act of Union (1840)
145:
2951:Dialogue principle
2911:Pith and substance
2780:King-in-Parliament
2705:Part VII – General
2402:Manitoba Act, 1870
2307:Trade and commerce
2239:Quebec Resolutions
2177:Quebec Act of 1774
1753:Regina Leader-Post
1098:" on 17 June. In
992:Ontario and Quebec
961:oath of allegiance
870:Maritime Provinces
852:British parliament
650:Province of Canada
628:
590:British Parliament
416:Constitutional law
278:
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3014:Canada portal
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2407:Alberta Act, 1905
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2199:Act of Union 1840
1848:Supreme Court Act
1357:Section 96 courts
1096:climate emergency
1083:, AC 326 (PC)).
987:Legislative power
969:executive council
598:natural resources
566:federal structure
523:
522:
477:Canada portal
368:Canada Act (1982)
318:Quebec Act (1774)
251:
250:
216:Other legislation
184:30 & 31 Vict.
149:Act of Parliament
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3098:1867 in politics
3093:July 1867 events
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1530:separate schools
1410:Cooper v. Canada
1193:labour relations
1054:old age pensions
979:establishes the
975:" (Section 65).
892:House of Commons
864:Senate of Canada
848:Senate of Canada
806:Governor General
570:House of Commons
564:, including its
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947:Executive power
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790:national census
766:
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718:introduction".
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225:Canada Act 1982
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2022:0-8020-5016-6
2018:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
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1989:
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1980:
1977:(6): 393–400.
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1755:. May 3, 2019
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1327:Federal Court
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1141:Criminal Code
1135:
1127:
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1086:In 2019, the
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716:inspirational
713:
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642:New Brunswick
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443:Law of Canada
441:
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429:
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391:Document list
387:
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201:29 March 1867
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132:
129:
121:
110:
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100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
36:
30:
19:
3024:
3005:
2312:Criminal law
2293:Powers under
2260:
2039:
2011:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1955:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1906:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1846:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1816:
1808:the original
1797:
1783:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1666:
1636:Dominion Day
1629:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1580:
1572:
1542:
1511:
1500:
1485:
1470:
1466:
1453:Sections 121
1444:fiscal union
1441:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1360:
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1256:
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1202:
1186:
1161:
1157:
1145:
1137:
1128:Criminal law
1119:
1085:
1080:
1069:
1046:
1031:
1023:
995:
950:
942:
929:royal assent
918:
901:
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867:
833:
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771:
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722:
720:
705:
691:
681:
673:
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602:
546:
541:
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526:
524:
468:
332:
207:Commencement
197:Royal assent
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
35:
2931:Living tree
2926:Paramountcy
2744:Conventions
2398:, 1867–1982
2284:Section 125
2279:Section 121
1912:short title
1832:January 12,
1616:Sections 16
1604:sections 17
1538:section 125
1534:section 121
1457:Section 125
1223:Divorce Act
1218:Divorce Act
921:Money bills
778:Canada East
774:Canada West
740:short title
727:also has a
646:Nova Scotia
211:1 July 1867
3042:Categories
2441:Patriation
2328:Section 92
2295:Section 91
1723:1 SCR 319.
1646:References
1634:(known as
1632:Canada Day
1626:Canada Day
1577:Section 29
1514:Peter Hogg
1495:See also:
1262:Section 94
1072:Parliament
977:Section 68
973:in council
957:Section 58
838:comprises
780:, renamed
738:gives the
670:Peter Hogg
648:, and the
582:patriation
428:Patriation
398:Amendments
221:Relates to
169:Long title
88:newspapers
2335:Licensing
1694:March 21,
1651:Citations
996:Sections
925:"reserve"
881:the Crown
802:the Queen
748:Section 2
736:Section 1
712:Rand Dyck
672:wrote in
118:June 2011
3026:Category
2489:Preamble
2274:Preamble
1333:and the
1199:Marriage
1189:property
1151:and the
933:disallow
846:and the
840:the King
752:Victoria
729:preamble
662:Dominion
638:preamble
558:dominion
258:a series
256:Part of
179:Citation
29:BNA Acts
1935:in the
1759:May 23,
1581:Charter
1579:of the
1573:Charter
1571:of the
1455:–124).
1422:Charter
904:members
782:Ontario
724:Charter
654:Ontario
607:History
555:federal
547:BNA Act
102:scholar
2195:(1839)
2189:(1838)
2019:
1567:, and
1329:, the
1325:, the
858:Senate
808:or an
786:Quebec
658:Quebec
576:, the
574:Senate
572:, the
568:, the
533:French
260:on the
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
1910:This
1898:Notes
1826:(PDF)
1028:Other
690:. In
191:Dates
109:JSTOR
95:books
2574:16.1
2017:ISBN
1834:2013
1761:2019
1696:2019
1618:and
1610:and
1436:and
1416:See
1287:and
1181:and
834:The
821:the
784:and
776:and
656:and
525:The
186:c. 3
81:news
1149:OPP
64:by
3044::
2717:59
2712:52
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1975:XV
1973:.
1967:.
1751:.
1686:.
1659:^
1642:.
1620:20
1612:19
1608:18
1606:,
1575:.
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