615:(the lower house of the legislature) tried to amend the constitution by restricting the president’s involvement in the selection of candidates for governors of the federal states. Speaker of the National Assembly Hassan al-Turabi supported the amendment, but the proposal led al-Bashir to dissolve the National Assembly and declare a state of emergency under the constitution. These steps had the effect of suspending the decentralization process stipulated in the constitution and gave al-Bashir full authority over the states. Legislators supporting al-Turabi challenged the state of emergency before the Constitutional Court, which concluded that al-Bashir’s actions were constitutional.
46:
651:
Sudan. The states of South Sudan adopted their own constitutions, which had to conform to both interim constitutions. Before the end of the six-year interim period mandated by the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the NCRC was also responsible for organizing an inclusive constitutional-review process. According to the Interim National Constitution, the crucial six-year interim period began officially on July 9, 2005.
30:
1066:
1176:
Before dawn on
Thursday, the heads of Sudan's four main security apparatuses arrived at President Omar al-Bashir's residence to deliver the message that he must go. At 3:30 a.m., the leaders of the security agencies, which have so far been loyal to Bashir, told Sudan's longtime leader that "there was
654:
Both the
Interim National Constitution and the Interim Constitution of South Sudan authorized the 15 states in the North and the 10 states in South Sudan to have their own constitutions. States in the North began the constitutional drafting process in mid-2005 based on a model constitution drafted by
650:
then adopted on
December 5, 2005, an Interim Constitution of South Sudan that did not contradict any of the provisions contained in the Interim National Constitution. The NCRC prepared a model constitution for all 25 states, compatible with both the Interim National Constitution and the one for South
606:
could hold public office, including the office of president. Non-Muslims were free to practice, convert, and doubt the main tenets of their religion as long as they did not interfere with the spiritual life of
Muslims. There were, nevertheless, inherent conflicts between Sudan’s Islamic political
667:
States, disputed areas that are also strategically located, posed problems for the constitutional-development process. The drafting of state constitutions in the South began later than in the North but was relatively uncontroversial because the SPLM held a 70 percent majority in the state
601:
The constitution entered into force on July 1, 1998. A significant feature of the individual-rights provisions of the 1998 constitution was the frequent use of the qualifier “in accordance with law” attached to most freedoms. On the other hand, there was no requirement that only
712:
On 3 August 2019, the
Political Agreement from July was complemented by a more extensive constitutional document, with 70 legal articles organised in 16 chapters, called the Draft Constitutional Declaration. The document was signed on 4 August 2019 by Ahmed Rabie of the FFC and
585:
promised to prepare a new constitution. It was not until
January 1998, however, that Sudan convened a constitutional conference to draft a constitution. It consisted of legal and political scholars representing different political groups sympathetic to al-Bashir’s rule. The
977:
643:, SPLM, other political forces, and civil society. It was charged with preparing a legal and constitutional framework based on the peace agreement and the 1998 constitution for adoption by the National Assembly and the SPLM.
1189:
646:
The result was the
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, which the National Assembly and the SPLM National Liberation Council adopted on July 6, 2005. For its part, the Government of
831:
753:
434:
540:
alliance on 4 August 2019. This replaced the
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005 (INC) adopted on 6 July 2005, which had been suspended on 11 April 2019 by Lt. Gen
611:. The constitution attempted to balance a strong preference for Islamic beliefs and a grudging acceptance of internationally accepted human rights. In 1999, dissenting members of the
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1951:
1808:
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1325:
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452:
1828:
1249:
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235:
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1941:
1310:
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1330:
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257:
2483:
2217:
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224:
146:
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369:
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led to suspension of Sudan's 1973 constitution and its replacement with an interim constitution later in the year. One of the first acts of the
1946:
1921:
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1099:
721:
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69:
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refused to participate. Most
Southerners boycotted the conference. Voters in Sudan’s single-party system approved the constitution in a
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316:
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693:(FFC) alliance, representing a wide range of citizens' groups, political opposition parties and armed opposition groups who
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139:
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1480:
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1430:
1415:
1370:
1305:
612:
478:
329:
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118:
1620:
165:
1956:
1783:
1435:
1087:
640:
1968:
892:
189:
1926:
1753:
1535:
1510:
1360:
1355:
1335:
1300:
1285:
628:
1611:
1607:
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2401:
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2212:
2106:
1976:
1906:
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170:
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1981:
1736:
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1425:
1315:
382:
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180:
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1911:
1879:
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280:
267:
2446:
2381:
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2327:
2322:
2177:
2120:
1916:
1119:
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660:
598:, a process that raised questions about the degree to which the public accepted the document.
364:
20:
2512:
2418:
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2310:
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2137:
2088:
2058:
2008:
1891:
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1711:
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126:
2451:
2441:
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2013:
1995:
1936:
513:
342:
219:
724:
defines the leadership, institutions and procedures for the 39-month transition period.
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2478:
2473:
2408:
2278:
2265:
2073:
2043:
2033:
2018:
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where there were concerns about the rights of non-Muslims and human rights generally.
532:) is the Draft Constitutional Declaration, which was signed by representatives of the
2536:
2456:
2083:
2053:
2028:
1813:
1731:
1726:
1070:
2068:
2063:
2038:
2003:
562:
The first permanent Constitution of Sudan was drafted in 1973. It incorporated the
1076:
913:
871:
2078:
2023:
835:
750:
unofficial English translation of 4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
647:
50:
45:
934:
743:
104:
29:
685:
2019 Sudanese transition to democracy § Draft Constitutional Declaration
978:"Sudan's military overthrows president following months of popular protests"
1227:
671:
The Interim National Constitution was officially suspended following the
1136:"Constitution Of The Republic Of Sudan (Entered into force 1 July 1998)"
914:"Sudan crisis: Military and opposition agree constitutional declaration"
872:"Sudan crisis: Military and opposition sign constitutional declaration"
709:
of recreating political institutions to return to a democratic system.
840:"Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period"
734:
Constitution Of The Republic Of Sudan (Entered into force 1 July 1998)
675:
which overthrew the country's President of 30 years Omar al-Bashir.
1190:"'Our revolution won': Sudan's opposition lauds deal with military"
771:
769:
1680:
655:
a subcommittee of the NCRC. The most controversial process was in
608:
603:
229:
1649:
1069:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
737:
1653:
1231:
935:"Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005"
893:"Sudan Power-Sharing Deal Finalized, African Union Envoy Says"
607:
system and the way in which Muslims applied the principles of
744:
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005
818:
816:
1198:. 5 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019
668:
legislatures and could largely control the outcome.
575:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
527:
2417:
2309:
2230:
2119:
1994:
1967:
1878:
1688:
1569:
1544:
1263:
581:was to abolish the interim constitution. President
1114:Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999)
695:had protested for many months since December 2018
1216:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
971:
969:
976:Osman, Muhammed; Bearak, Max (11 April 2019).
70:4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
1665:
1243:
486:
8:
866:
864:
679:August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
639:(NCRC) composed of representatives from the
1177:no alternative" but for him to step down...
1164:"Bashir was forced out in pre-dawn meeting"
908:
906:
887:
885:
2315:
2236:
2125:
1991:
1964:
1884:
1694:
1672:
1658:
1650:
1250:
1236:
1228:
493:
479:
15:
929:
927:
637:National Constitutional Review Commission
258:Eastern Sudan States Coordinating Council
1829:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
1143:International Committee of the Red Cross
623:On May 26, 2004, the government and the
787:[(Constitutional Declaration)]
765:
40:
18:
1209:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
566:ending the first Sudanese civil war.
7:
1839:Second Transitional Military Council
1116:Elections in Africa: A data handbook
1077:"Recent Constitutional Developments"
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
1794:First Transitional Military Council
517:
1086:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
785:"(الدستوري Declaration (العربية))"
625:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
619:2005 Interim National Constitution
14:
1849:2019–2021 transition to democracy
1844:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1556:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1326:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1064:
722:Draft Constitutional Declaration
463:National Human Rights Commission
147:Transitional Legislative Council
93:Transitional Sovereignty Council
44:
28:
955:from the original on 2019-07-08
802:from the original on 2019-08-05
458:Khartoum massacre investigation
51:Member State of the Arab League
1162:Nima Elbagir (11 April 2019).
635:. The protocol provided for a
1:
703:Transitional Military Council
633:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
534:Transitional Military Council
429:African Union and UN in Sudan
1084:Sudan : a country study
701:, agreed on a deal with the
691:Forces of Freedom and Change
564:Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
538:Forces of Freedom and Change
401:United Nations (UN) in Sudan
1082:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
552:1973 and 1998 constitutions
528:
415:Interim Security Force for
337:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2569:
1707:Pre-independence governors
697:via massive and sustained
682:
555:
252:Darfur Regional Government
2506:
2318:
2239:
2128:
1887:
1737:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
1697:
1088:Federal Research Division
629:Protocol on Power Sharing
592:Democratic Unionist Party
546:2019 Sudanese coup d'état
2548:Constitutions by country
1311:Central African Republic
1075:Shinn, David H. (2015).
717:("Hemetti") of the TMC.
673:April 2019 military coup
213:Administrative divisions
1779:National Reconciliation
1258:Constitutions of Africa
641:National Congress Party
236:Interim Security Force
1819:United Nations Mission
353:Diplomatic missions of
99:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
2193:Native administration
1799:Coalitions/Bashir Era
1712:Pre and early history
1471:São Tomé and Príncipe
1331:Republic of the Congo
715:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
579:seizing power in 1989
510:Constitution of Sudan
200:Town and rural courts
1094:. pp. 228–229.
689:On 5 July 2019, the
631:, later part of the
181:Nemat Abdullah Khair
166:Constitutional Court
2553:Government of Sudan
1952:Non-marine molluscs
1546:States with limited
1092:Library of Congress
2292:Telecommunications
1727:Turkish occupation
1195:Al Jazeera English
897:The New York Times
793:raisethevoices.org
699:civil disobedience
627:(SPLM) signed the
571:1985 military coup
542:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
190:Court of Cassation
2543:Politics of Sudan
2530:
2529:
2502:
2501:
2305:
2304:
2268:(former currency)
2226:
2225:
2163:Foreign relations
2115:
2114:
2097:
2096:
1990:
1989:
1969:Natural disasters
1874:
1873:
1859:October 2021 coup
1824:Nomadic conflicts
1749:Independent Sudan
1647:
1646:
1573:other territories
1346:Equatorial Guinea
1101:978-0-8444-0750-0
613:National Assembly
526:
503:
502:
453:ICC investigation
435:Darfur operation
406:Mission in Sudan
370:Visa requirements
330:Foreign relations
317:Political parties
287:Recent elections
103:Deputy Chairman:
21:Politics of Sudan
2560:
2515:
2316:
2282:
2269:
2237:
2126:
1992:
1965:
1885:
1784:Second Civil War
1695:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1634:
1633:(United Kingdom)
1629:Tristan da Cunha
1625:Ascension Island
1617:
1604:
1595:
1571:Dependencies and
1264:Sovereign states
1252:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1207:
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990:
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973:
964:
963:
961:
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954:
939:
931:
922:
921:
920:. 3 August 2019.
910:
901:
900:
899:. 3 August 2019.
889:
880:
879:
878:. 4 August 2019.
868:
859:
858:
856:
855:
846:. Archived from
820:
811:
810:
808:
807:
801:
790:
773:
558:History of Sudan
531:
521:
519:
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239:
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2413:
2301:
2280:
2267:
2222:
2218:State Governors
2111:
2093:
1986:
1963:
1870:
1754:First Civil War
1684:
1678:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1615:
1602:
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1199:
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1138:
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1113:
1109:
1102:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1063:
996:
986:
984:
982:Washington Post
975:
974:
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933:
932:
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904:
891:
890:
883:
870:
869:
862:
853:
851:
844:sudanreeves.org
822:
821:
814:
805:
803:
799:
788:
775:
774:
767:
762:
746:at Refworld.org
730:
687:
681:
621:
596:1998 referendum
560:
554:
529:Dustūr al-Sūdān
499:
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469:
445:
436:
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428:
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361:
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343:Mariam al-Mahdi
332:
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197:District Courts
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131:
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2221:
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2215:
2213:Vice President
2210:
2205:
2203:Prime Minister
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2182:September Laws
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2165:
2160:
2155:
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2145:
2140:
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2123:
2117:
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2074:South Kordofan
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2066:
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2044:North Kordofan
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Central Darfur
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1977:Climate change
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1971:
1962:
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1960:
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1864:2023 Civil war
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1826:
1821:
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1801:
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1776:
1774:Communist coup
1771:
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1638:Western Sahara
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1582:Canary Islands
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1181:
1154:
1127:
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994:
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923:
902:
881:
860:
838:(2019-08-10).
812:
783:(2019-08-04).
764:
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758:
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747:
741:
729:
728:External links
726:
683:Main article:
680:
677:
665:South Kordofan
657:Khartoum State
620:
617:
583:Omar Al-Bashir
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505:The temporary
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2340:Demographics
2254:Central Bank
2168:Human rights
2143:Constitution
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2069:South Darfur
2039:North Darfur
1722:Islamization
1621:Saint Helena
1592:
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1496:South Africa
1486:Sierra Leone
1291:Burkina Faso
1200:. Retrieved
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1168:. Retrieved
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981:
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942:Refworld.org
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848:the original
843:
836:Reeves, Eric
804:. Retrieved
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63:Constitution
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2489:Photography
2484:Decorations
2244:Agriculture
2172:LGBT rights
2133:Ambassadors
2079:West Darfur
2024:East Darfur
1942:Butterflies
1769:Nimeiry Era
1548:recognition
1501:South Sudan
1391:Ivory Coast
648:South Sudan
383:Foreign aid
375:Visa policy
140:Legislature
2537:Categories
2469:Literature
2355:minorities
2281:(currency)
2198:Parliament
2153:Corruption
2089:White Nile
2059:River Nile
2009:Al Qadarif
1603:(Portugal)
1561:Somaliland
1481:Seychelles
1446:Mozambique
1431:Mauritania
1416:Madagascar
1371:The Gambia
1306:Cape Verde
1148:2014-06-01
959:2014-06-01
854:2019-08-10
806:2019-08-05
760:References
588:Umma Party
556:See also:
341:Minister:
230:Abyei Area
105:Malik Agar
97:Chairman:
88:Presidency
2392:Squatting
2367:Languages
2345:Education
2297:Transport
2261:Companies
2208:President
2158:Elections
2102:Districts
2014:Blue Nile
1912:Volcanoes
1902:Mountains
1880:Geography
1834:2019 coup
1804:1989 coup
1789:1985 coup
1764:1969 coup
1759:1958 coup
1436:Mauritius
1212:cite news
661:Blue Nile
523:romanized
293:General:
281:Elections
268:Districts
225:Governors
159:Judiciary
82:Executive
2522:Category
2447:Clothing
2382:Religion
2377:Refugees
2328:Polygamy
2323:Marriage
2287:Taxation
2188:Military
2178:Islamism
2121:Politics
2049:Northern
2034:Khartoum
1957:Reptiles
1917:Wildlife
1732:Mahdiyya
1717:Medieval
1702:Timeline
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1623: /
1616:(France)
1610: /
1588: /
1584: /
1536:Zimbabwe
1511:Tanzania
1361:Ethiopia
1356:Eswatini
1336:Djibouti
1301:Cameroon
1286:Botswana
1170:12 April
987:12 April
950:Archived
918:BBC News
876:BBC News
797:Archived
590:and the
536:and the
507:de facto
437:(UNAMID)
419:(UNISFA)
365:Passport
357:in Sudan
248:Regions
238:(UNISFA)
121:(acting)
2513:Outline
2462:History
2419:Culture
2397:Toilets
2387:Slavery
2311:Society
2249:Banking
2232:Economy
2138:Cabinet
2054:Red Sea
2029:Kassala
1927:Mammals
1892:Geology
1742:History
1690:History
1612:Réunion
1608:Mayotte
1599:Madeira
1594:(Spain)
1590:Melilla
1521:Tunisia
1491:Somalia
1476:Senegal
1461:Nigeria
1451:Namibia
1441:Morocco
1406:Liberia
1401:Lesotho
1351:Eritrea
1321:Comoros
1296:Burundi
1271:Algeria
1118:, p595
740:website
604:Muslims
544:in the
525::
408:(UNMIS)
127:Cabinet
2452:Emblem
2442:Cinema
2427:Anthem
2362:Health
2279:Pound
2274:Energy
2266:Dinar
2107:Cities
2064:Sennar
2004:Gezira
1996:States
1982:Floods
1937:Horses
1907:Rivers
1631:
1614:
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1531:Zambia
1526:Uganda
1466:Rwanda
1421:Malawi
1381:Guinea
1276:Angola
1202:5 July
1122:
1098:
1073::
577:after
514:Arabic
417:Abyei
220:States
2494:Sport
2479:Music
2474:Media
2409:Women
2148:Coups
1947:Moths
1932:Birds
1922:Fauna
1897:Lakes
1809:RCCNS
1681:Sudan
1586:Ceuta
1506:Sudan
1456:Niger
1411:Libya
1396:Kenya
1376:Ghana
1366:Gabon
1341:Egypt
1281:Benin
1166:. CNN
1139:(PDF)
1080:(PDF)
953:(PDF)
946:UNHCR
938:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
789:(PDF)
609:shura
2457:Flag
2372:LGBT
1516:Togo
1426:Mali
1316:Chad
1218:link
1204:2019
1172:2019
1120:ISBN
1096:ISBN
989:2019
832:IDEA
754:IDEA
738:ICRC
720:The
663:and
569:The
306:next
300:2015
295:2010
2437:Art
828:TMC
824:FFC
781:TMC
777:FFC
752:by
736:at
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