1490:
1344:
61:
1489:
1396:
330:
49:
1118:
1039:
1750:
1446:
1576:
1235:. Any federal court may request the Constitutional Court to judge on the constitutionality of a law if the law is to be implemented in a case, and a judge of the federal court is in doubt about whether the law is contrary to the Constitution. Also, any private citizen may submit in the Constitutional Court a claim challenging constitutionality of a particular law if that law was implemented in a particular case and thus violated rights of that citizen.
1620:
1792:
1708:
1532:
1666:
907:
1031:'s decree suspended work of the Constitutional Court. According to the decree, the Constitutional Court was "in deep crisis". On December 24 another presidential decree repealed the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR Act itself. In July 1994 the new Constitutional Court Act was adopted. However, the new Constitutional Court started working only in February 1995, because the
1197:
unconstitutional if it finds that they are contrary to the
Constitution (i.e. they violate certain rights and freedoms of citizens enumerated in and protected by the Constitution). In such instances, that particular law becomes unenforceable, and governmental agencies are barred from implementing it.
1254:
The
Constitutional Court deals with cases either in chambers or in plenary sessions. All judges must be present unless they are sick or may have interest in the case; they must not abstain from voting on the resolution. Apart from judges, claimant, his representatives and governmental agencies
1000:
the importance of judicial supervision over compatibility of legislation and executive actions with the provisions and principles of the constitution was not recognized. It was not until
December 25, 1989 when Constitutional Control in the USSR Act was passed, that such "judicial review" was
1153:). The President presides over the court's sessions, represents the court in its relations with state bodies, has considerable powers in the matters of appointment, and makes the initial recommendation for disciplinary measures, in particular dismissal.
1076:
on May 8, 2009, proposed to the legislature and on June 2 signed a law for an amendment whereby the president of the court and his deputies would be proposed to the parliament by the president rather than elected by the judges, as was the case before.
1005:(RSFSR) was amended with provisions which provided for creation of Constitutional Court (whereas a similar USSR body was called a Committee, not a Court). On July 12, 1991 Constitutional Court of the RSFSR Act was adopted. In October the Fifth
1009:
has elected 13 members of the Court and the
Constitutional Court de facto started functioning. From November 1991 till October 1993 it rendered some decisions of great significance. For example, it declared unconstitutional certain decrees of
2148:"A/HRC/11/41/Add.2 Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, Addendum: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers"
1164:
for an indefinite term with the age limit of 70 for regular judges and 76 for the Deputy
President of the Court (the President of the Court has no age limit). In order to become a judge of the Constitutional Court a person must be a
1113:
and criticized the new amendments concerning appointment of the court president as undemocratic. The
Constitutional Court forced Kononov to step down from the Constitutional Court on January 1, 2010, 7 years ahead of schedule.
1018:, and forbade the practice of extrajudicial eviction. More often, however, it declared President Yeltsin's decrees unconstitutional, leading critics to argue it took the side of the Supreme Soviet in the power struggle.
1180:
of the president of Russia and the
Constitutional Court's proposals of legislations must be dealt with in plenary session. The Constitutional Court also may by its discretion submit to plenary sessions any other issue.
1210:
of the treaty may be observed by the
Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court is not entitled to judge constitutionality of laws on its own initiative; the law may be submitted to the Constitutional Court by the
1100:
in Russia. In
October the Constitutional Court in an unprecedented motion accused Yaroslavtsev of "undermining the authority of the judiciary" in violation of the judicial code and forced him to resign from the
2774:
1343:
1173:, at least 40 years of age, have legal education, have served as a lawyer for at least 15 years and have "recognized high qualification" (quotation from Constitutional Court Act) in law.
754:
60:
3298:
1307:
1109:, who had frequently dissented from decisions taken by the majority of the court, in his interview to Sobesednik supported Yaroslavtsev, claiming that there was no independent
2991:
1001:
initiated. Accordingly, the
Constitutional Supervision Committee was created. It started functioning mid-1990 and was dissolved towards the end of 1991. In December 1990 the
2608:
487:
152:
80:
3693:
1808:
1416:
1350:
1264:
235:
3607:
513:
2396:
947:
1057:
In 2005 the federal authorities proposed to transfer the court from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. The transfer, involving controversial allocation of land on
2488:
1871:
1395:
655:
493:
2448:
2231:
Authoritarian constitutionalism in Putin's Russia: A pragmatic constitutional court in a dual state. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 51(3), 201-214
1371:
1006:
984:" or "constitutional supervision") and deal with a few kinds of disputes where it has original jurisdiction, whereas the highest court of appeal is the
3373:
2910:
2815:
2730:
2257:
1970:
1933:
1228:
890:
870:
3688:
3614:
3031:
726:
3510:
3126:
2789:
2468:
2191:
1089:
1022:
708:
704:
589:
454:
441:
402:
2425:
3460:
3172:
691:
685:
2347:
2216:
832:
3668:
3403:
2154:
807:
2905:
2524:
860:
774:
3338:
3227:
3162:
2463:
1093:
789:
779:
2322:
3086:
3069:
2735:
2044:
940:
134:
2880:
2418:
1011:
749:
1238:
Another power of the Constitutional Court is to resolve disputes concerning competence of governmental agencies. Whenever the
3678:
3485:
3111:
2544:
2097:
660:
612:
597:
3673:
3281:
2996:
2820:
2780:
2534:
2458:
2453:
2357:
1938:
1913:
744:
625:
602:
564:
343:
2147:
1992:"Dmitry Medvedev made amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation"
827:
812:
3567:
3547:
3450:
3101:
3051:
2915:
2760:
2725:
2408:
1928:
1636:
920:
559:
394:
145:
2225:
3465:
3202:
3074:
2981:
2935:
2925:
2890:
2770:
2645:
2630:
2284:
2250:
1224:
1161:
1062:
933:
678:
630:
481:
188:
822:
817:
3525:
3358:
3140:
3121:
3021:
3011:
3006:
2598:
2478:
1232:
1081:
875:
665:
650:
524:
473:
407:
837:
3683:
3577:
3557:
3530:
3286:
3046:
2805:
2684:
2613:
2493:
1548:
1066:
569:
365:
3091:
2930:
2900:
2765:
2679:
2588:
2551:
1452:
1255:
involved are present. In order for resolution or decision to pass two-thirds of judges must be in favor of it.
432:
329:
48:
1582:
980:. Its objective is only to protect the Constitution (in Russian constitutional law this function is known as "
17:
3597:
3572:
3408:
3257:
3217:
2920:
2865:
2750:
2618:
2017:
1592:
1002:
985:
842:
769:
554:
1406:
1150:
284:
3535:
3393:
3363:
3318:
3269:
3264:
3197:
3081:
3041:
3001:
2835:
2745:
2740:
2561:
2473:
2340:
2243:
1538:
1190:
981:
977:
885:
735:
412:
350:
202:
1884:
3562:
3303:
3276:
3237:
3177:
2976:
2945:
2855:
2603:
2539:
1166:
1097:
1047:
731:
716:
355:
1756:
1672:
1246:, the Constitutional Court renders a resolution concerning complying with the due order of indictment.
1102:
976:
which is empowered to rule on whether certain laws or presidential decrees are in fact contrary to the
1859:
1847:
1496:
1117:
3592:
3500:
3495:
3247:
3182:
2940:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2830:
2825:
2785:
2292:
1890:
1841:
1216:
1199:
1106:
865:
498:
449:
2576:
1626:
1276:
1051:
1038:
3587:
3343:
3293:
3212:
3116:
2950:
2895:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2795:
2755:
2720:
2662:
2507:
2369:
1908:
1798:
1714:
1239:
1212:
1157:
1110:
973:
617:
582:
542:
385:
192:
1959:
3515:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3455:
3440:
3398:
3328:
3313:
3252:
3232:
3222:
3192:
3167:
3152:
3096:
3036:
3026:
2885:
2708:
2694:
2689:
2635:
2571:
2381:
1903:
1366:
1032:
880:
529:
467:
425:
378:
360:
320:
3633:
3385:
3353:
3348:
3333:
3308:
3157:
3106:
3056:
2986:
2964:
2809:
2593:
2529:
2519:
2483:
2386:
2352:
2330:
2275:
2187:
2177:
1749:
1445:
1207:
1058:
607:
437:
212:
Mandatory retirement at age 70 for regular judges and 76 for the Deputy President of the Court
3582:
3520:
3475:
3418:
3323:
3242:
3207:
3016:
2667:
2566:
2374:
1575:
1282:
1193:. The Constitutional Court declares laws, presidential and governmental decrees and laws of
1130:
965:
794:
721:
138:
66:
3642:
3602:
3505:
3445:
3435:
3423:
3368:
3187:
2581:
2556:
2335:
1965:
1853:
1641:
1619:
1194:
1073:
1791:
1707:
3540:
3413:
2674:
2640:
2364:
2317:
1865:
1421:
1122:
517:
390:
2048:
3662:
3647:
3552:
3061:
2800:
2391:
1465:
1356:
1294:
1270:
1146:
1126:
1028:
911:
696:
245:
2230:
2122:
2045:"Судья Кононов: Независимых судей в России нет | Политика | Sobesednik.ru"
1531:
1176:
Constitutionality of laws, disputes concerning competence of governmental agencies,
3428:
2413:
2403:
1918:
1288:
1141:
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation consists of 11 judges (with the
997:
2226:
Judging Russia: The Role of the Constitutional Court in Russian Politics 1990–2006
1991:
2623:
2430:
2307:
1923:
1665:
1243:
1177:
1043:
1015:
764:
2652:
2312:
2302:
2074:
2022:
1220:
1203:
1085:
507:
167:
154:
95:
82:
2297:
228:
2183:
1227:, one-fifth of deputies of the State Duma or the Federation Council, the
2069:
2018:""En Rusia mandan los órganos de seguridad, como en la época soviética""
2657:
1069:, now occupied by the court headquarters, had been completed by 2008.
2266:
1170:
1142:
643:
2235:
1116:
1037:
784:
2775:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1189:
Certain powers of the Constitutional Court are enumerated in the
2239:
1003:
Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
1035:
refused several times to appoint judges nominated by Yeltsin.
799:
220:
11, by law (including the President and the Deputy President)
2098:"Top Russian Judges Quit Posts After Critical Comments"
2219:
2210:
1308:
List of judges of the Constitutional Court of Russia
1149:) and another one being Deputy President (currently
3384:
3139:
2963:
2707:
2506:
2441:
2283:
2274:
1042:Former headquarters of the Constitutional Court in
306:
298:
290:
280:
275:
267:
259:
251:
241:
234:
224:
216:
208:
198:
183:
144:
129:
111:
32:
1958:
1809:Moscow State Institute of International Relations
1061:for cottages of the judges and relocation of the
1007:Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR
1879:Governmental Envoys to the Constitutional Court
1836:Presidential Envoys to the Constitutional Court
1265:President of the Constitutional Court of Russia
1088:published on August 31, 2009, claimed that the
1960:"Russian parliament votes to reform judiciary"
962:Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
18:Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
2251:
941:
38:
8:
3145:
2969:
2713:
2512:
2280:
2258:
2244:
2236:
2070:"Конституционный суд теряет особые мнения"
1311:
1145:of 8), one being the President (currently
948:
934:
315:
59:
1129:in the Constitutional Court courtroom in
1084:in an interview to the Spanish newspaper
3694:Courts and tribunals established in 1991
2179:World Criminal Justice Systems: A Survey
1743:University professor, arbitrator, judge
970:Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации
40:Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации
2911:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1950:
1934:Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
1372:Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
1229:Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
318:
2123:"Judge Set to Retire Amid Kremlin Row"
29:
2469:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
1868:(November 7, 2005 – January 31, 2020)
1023:Russian constitutional crisis of 1993
7:
3608:Unified Sports Classification System
2217:The state of the judiciary in Russia
1887:(November 9, 1998, – March 12, 2001)
1844:(April 24, 1995, – February 5, 1996)
1785:University professor, civil servant
1659:University professor, civil servant
1525:University professor, civil servant
2220:International Commission of Jurists
2155:United Nations Human Rights Council
1862:(June 29, 1998, – November 7, 2005)
1856:(December 7, 1996, – June 29, 1998)
2906:Commonwealth of Independent States
2146:Despouy, Leandro (23 March 2009).
1724:Saint Petersburg State University
1506:Saint Petersburg State University
1462:Saint Petersburg State University
25:
1417:Saint Petersburg State University
65:Constitutional Court building in
2121:White, Gregory L. (2009-12-03).
1790:
1748:
1706:
1664:
1618:
1574:
1530:
1488:
1444:
1394:
1342:
1156:The judges are nominated by the
1063:Russian State Historical Archive
905:
328:
47:
1973:from the original on 2022-12-12
1850:(February 5 – December 7, 1996)
1012:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
750:United Nations Security Council
33:Constitutional Court of Russia
1:
3689:1991 establishments in Russia
2816:Political abuse of psychiatry
1939:List of constitutional courts
1914:Law of the Russian Federation
1692:14 years, 202 days
1650:15 years, 342 days
1604:19 years, 209 days
1560:21 years, 222 days
1516:22 years, 176 days
1483:Notary, judge, civil servant
1474:27 years, 102 days
1430:19 years, 209 days
1380:32 years, 328 days
1231:, or a legislative body of a
1090:presidential executive office
972:) is a high court within the
891:Political abuse of psychiatry
745:Russia and the United Nations
3461:Traditions and superstitions
2176:Terrill, Richard J. (2009).
2102:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1929:Rule According to Higher Law
1829:Judge, university professor
1734:2 years, 105 days
1637:Far Eastern State University
1033:Federation Council of Russia
27:Russian constitutional court
3127:Water supply and sanitation
2016:Bonet, Pilar (2009-08-31).
1080:Constitutional Court Judge
686:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
590:Central Election Commission
403:Presidential Administration
3710:
3669:Russian constitutional law
1776:1 year, 92 days
1682:Ural State Law University
1305:
1262:
1020:
3627:
3148:
2972:
2716:
2515:
1613:Investigator, prosecutor
1549:Ural State Law University
1331:
1067:Senate and Synod Building
969:
656:Heads of federal subjects
77:
73:
58:
46:
39:
37:
2901:Prime Minister of Russia
2078:(in Russian). 2009-12-02
1874:(since January 31, 2020)
1766:Moscow State University
1125:and the court president
996:Before the 1980s in the
861:Administrative divisions
3339:Social entrepreneurship
3228:Forced public apologies
3163:Anti-American sentiment
1593:Rostov State University
1367:Moscow State University
986:Supreme Court of Russia
608:Gubernatorial elections
271:No tenure or age limits
3087:Social security system
3070:Science and technology
2736:Classified information
2562:Central Russian Upland
1998:(in Latin). 2009-06-02
1893:(since March 12, 2001)
1191:Constitution of Russia
1133:
1054:
982:constitutional control
978:Constitution of Russia
705:Diplomatic missions of
598:Presidential elections
203:Constitution of Russia
117:; 33 years ago
53:Coat of Arms of Russia
3679:Constitutional courts
3548:Russian tsars regalia
2881:Intelligence agencies
2604:Great Russian Regions
2348:Expansion (1500-1800)
2096:RFE/RL (2009-12-02).
1701:University professor
1569:University professor
1439:University professor
1389:University professor
1160:and appointed by the
1120:
1098:judicial independence
1082:Vladimir Yaroslavtsev
1048:Marian Peretiatkovich
1041:
1014:, which were adopted
603:Legislative elections
356:Russian Criminal Code
168:59.93583°N 30.30056°E
96:59.93583°N 30.30056°E
3674:Government of Russia
3615:World Heritage sites
2992:Droughts and famines
2545:Environmental issues
2293:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1891:Mikhail Barshchevsky
1539:Larisa Krasavchikova
1217:government of Russia
1200:international treaty
661:Regional parliaments
550:Constitutional Court
499:Valentina Matviyenko
3466:Forms of addressing
3075:Academy of Sciences
3032:Financial districts
2896:President of Russia
2821:Political divisions
2781:Freedom of assembly
2663:West Siberian Plain
2409:Great Patriotic War
2370:February Revolution
1996:President of Russia
1909:Judiciary of Russia
1885:Stanislav Yudushkin
1872:Aleksandr Konovalov
1279:(acting, 1993–1995)
1240:President of Russia
1213:President of Russia
1202:is ratified by the
1111:judiciary in Russia
1027:On October 7, 1993
974:judiciary of Russia
626:Electoral geography
217:Number of positions
193:President of Russia
191:with nomination by
164: /
92: /
3516:Russian given name
3102:Telecommunications
3052:Petroleum industry
2916:State of emergency
2761:Far-right politics
2726:Capital punishment
2572:Meshchera Lowlands
2426:Russian Federation
2382:October Revolution
1904:Constitutional law
1817:September 25, 2023
1329:length of service
1225:Federation Council
1162:Federation Council
1134:
1121:Russian president
1055:
613:Regional elections
560:Prosecutor General
530:Vyacheslav Volodin
482:Federation Council
321:Politics of Russia
299:Lead position ends
263:6 years, renewable
260:Lead position ends
189:Federation Council
184:Composition method
173:59.93583; 30.30056
115:July 12, 1991
101:59.93583; 30.30056
3656:
3655:
3623:
3622:
3203:Domestic violence
3135:
3134:
3057:Russian oligarchs
2982:Aircraft industry
2959:
2958:
2936:Mass surveillance
2926:Search and rescue
2891:Political parties
2771:Foreign relations
2703:
2702:
2502:
2501:
2494:Historical cities
2353:Tsardom of Russia
2193:978-1-59345-612-2
1833:
1832:
1805:
1763:
1757:Vladimir Sivitsky
1721:
1679:
1673:Alexander Kokotov
1633:
1601:February 25, 2005
1589:
1557:February 12, 2003
1545:
1503:
1459:
1453:Lyudmila Zharkova
1427:February 25, 2005
1413:
1403:
1363:
1353:
1208:constitutionality
1103:Council of Judges
1094:security services
1059:Krestovsky Island
958:
957:
912:Russia portal
727:Visa requirements
679:Foreign relations
631:Political parties
438:Mikhail Mishustin
366:Mental Health Law
314:
313:
310:30 September 2027
209:Judge term length
16:(Redirected from
3701:
3684:Courts in Russia
3636:
3583:Russian language
3526:National symbols
3146:
3065:
3022:Fishing industry
3012:Economic regions
3007:Defence industry
2970:
2714:
2668:Russian Far East
2567:Northwest Russia
2525:Cities and towns
2513:
2375:Russian Republic
2281:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2237:
2211:Official Website
2198:
2197:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2047:. Archived from
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1962:
1955:
1860:Mikhail Mityukov
1848:Mikhail Mityukov
1818:
1803:
1794:
1774:
1761:
1752:
1732:
1719:
1710:
1690:
1685:Dmitry Medvedev
1677:
1668:
1648:
1647:October 15, 2008
1631:
1622:
1602:
1587:
1583:Nikolay Melnikov
1578:
1558:
1543:
1534:
1514:
1501:
1497:Sergey Kazantsev
1492:
1472:
1457:
1448:
1428:
1411:
1402:Deputy President
1401:
1398:
1378:
1377:October 29, 1991
1361:
1349:
1346:
1312:
1283:Vladimir Tumanov
1259:Court presidents
1198:Also, before an
1195:federal subjects
1131:Saint Petersburg
1065:from the former
971:
950:
943:
936:
910:
909:
908:
876:Accounts Chamber
666:Local government
651:Federal subjects
474:Federal Assembly
408:Security Council
332:
316:
307:Jurist term ends
276:Deputy President
268:Jurist term ends
255:21 February 2003
179:
178:
176:
175:
174:
169:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
139:Saint Petersburg
125:
123:
118:
107:
106:
104:
103:
102:
97:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
67:Saint Petersburg
63:
51:
42:
41:
30:
21:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3639:
3632:
3619:
3578:Public holidays
3573:Political jokes
3558:Personification
3511:Names of Russia
3380:
3299:Life expectancy
3131:
3063:
2955:
2806:Law enforcement
2699:
2685:Protected areas
2582:Smolensk Upland
2577:Oka–Don Lowland
2557:European Russia
2498:
2437:
2323:Mongol invasion
2270:
2264:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2186:. p. 423.
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1966:Financial Times
1957:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1900:
1881:
1854:Sergey Shakhray
1842:Valery Savitsky
1838:
1819:
1816:
1813:Vladimir Putin
1802:
1775:
1772:
1769:Vladimir Putin
1760:
1733:
1730:
1727:Vladimir Putin
1718:
1691:
1688:
1676:
1649:
1646:
1642:Dmitry Medvedev
1630:
1603:
1600:
1597:Vladimir Putin
1586:
1559:
1556:
1553:Vladimir Putin
1542:
1515:
1512:
1509:Vladimir Putin
1500:
1473:
1470:
1456:
1429:
1426:
1410:
1404:
1379:
1376:
1360:
1354:
1333:
1328:
1310:
1304:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1233:federal subject
1187:
1139:
1107:Anatoly Kononov
1096:had undermined
1074:Dmitry Medvedev
1025:
994:
954:
925:
921:Other countries
916:
906:
904:
896:
895:
856:
848:
847:
804:
761:
741:
717:Nationality law
713:
701:
681:
671:
670:
646:
636:
635:
622:
618:Local elections
594:
585:
575:
574:
570:Law enforcement
545:
535:
534:
518:8th convocation
503:
477:
470:
460:
459:
446:
445:
436:
428:
418:
417:
399:
398:
389:
381:
371:
370:
346:
323:
187:Appointment by
172:
170:
166:
163:
158:
155:
153:
151:
150:
121:
119:
116:
100:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
81:
79:
78:
69:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3707:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3092:Space industry
3089:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Urban planning
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2766:Federal budget
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2675:North Caucasus
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2609:Highest points
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2554:
2552:Extreme points
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2365:Russian Empire
2362:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269: articles
2265:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2214:
2206:
2205:External links
2203:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2182:(7 ed.).
2168:
2138:
2113:
2088:
2061:
2036:
2008:
1983:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1866:Mikhail Krotov
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:362 days
1814:
1811:
1806:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1627:Sergey Knyazev
1623:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:March 29, 2002
1510:
1507:
1504:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1422:Vladimir Putin
1419:
1414:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:Age at start /
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1306:Main article:
1303:
1302:Current judges
1300:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1277:Nikolay Vitruk
1274:
1263:Main article:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1186:
1183:
1138:
1135:
1123:Vladimir Putin
1052:Fyodor Rerberg
1046:of Moscow, by
1021:Main article:
993:
990:
956:
955:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
927:
926:
924:
923:
917:
915:
914:
901:
898:
897:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
855:Related topics
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
760:
759:
758:
757:
752:
740:
739:
729:
724:
719:
712:
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700:
699:
688:
682:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
628:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
593:
592:
586:
581:
580:
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576:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:
541:
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537:
536:
533:
532:
521:
511:
502:
501:
490:
485:
471:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
455:Cabinet (57th)
452:
433:Prime Minister
430:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
410:
405:
391:Vladimir Putin
383:
382:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
347:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
325:
324:
319:
312:
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288:
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282:
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232:
231:
226:
222:
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218:
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210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
185:
181:
180:
148:
142:
141:
131:
127:
126:
113:
109:
108:
75:
74:
71:
70:
64:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3706:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
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3677:
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3672:
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3667:
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3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Seven Wonders
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Playing cards
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
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3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:Mental health
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Ethnic groups
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Civil defense
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Media freedom
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Criminal code
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:Civil Service
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Russian state
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2051:on 2009-12-08
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
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1840:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1799:Mikhail Lobov
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1773:June 21, 2023
1771:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:Andrey Bushev
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1689:March 3, 2010
1687:
1684:
1681:
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3394:Architecture
3364:Witch trials
3319:Prostitution
3265:Human rights
3198:Demographics
3112:Trade unions
3082:Shipbuilding
3042:Homelessness
3002:Central Bank
2997:Car industry
2836:Conservatism
2746:Constitution
2741:Conscription
2414:Eastern Bloc
2404:Soviet Union
2397:Russian SFSR
2327:Feudal Rus'
2178:
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2159:. Retrieved
2157:. p. 17
2141:
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2101:
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2053:. Retrieved
2049:the original
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2026:(in Spanish)
2021:
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1995:
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1964:
1953:
1919:Legal reform
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1731:June 8, 2022
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294:18 July 2009
3588:tea culture
3441:Fairy tales
3304:Open access
3277:Immigration
3238:Gun control
2977:Agriculture
2946:Term limits
2856:Martial law
2851:Nationalism
2846:Irredentism
2841:Imperialism
2624:Caspian Sea
2540:Environment
2535:Earthquakes
2431:Union State
2419:Dissolution
2318:Kievan Rus'
2308:Early Slavs
1924:Rule of law
1337:Background
1321:Alma mater
1291:(1997–2003)
1285:(1995–1997)
1273:(1991–1993)
1178:impeachment
1137:Composition
1044:Kitai-gorod
1016:ultra vires
765:Union State
732:Visa policy
468:Legislature
302:21 May 2026
171: /
146:Coordinates
112:Established
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3663:Categories
3593:Television
3568:Philosophy
3501:Mass media
3491:Literature
3486:Inventions
3248:Healthcare
3183:Corruption
3173:Censorship
3064:(currency)
2941:Separatism
2886:Opposition
2871:Neo-Nazism
2861:Monarchism
2831:Liberalism
2826:Propaganda
2786:Government
2653:North Asia
2454:Journalism
2313:East Slavs
2303:Sarmatians
2132:2020-06-23
2107:2020-06-23
2082:2020-06-23
2075:Kommersant
2055:2009-12-15
2030:2020-06-23
2002:2020-06-23
1977:2020-06-23
1945:References
1221:State Duma
1204:State Duma
1072:President
881:Opposition
644:Federalism
508:State Duma
494:Chairwoman
450:Government
379:Presidency
159:30°18′02″E
156:59°56′09″N
122:1991-07-12
87:30°18′02″E
84:59°56′09″N
3451:Festivals
3344:Sociology
3294:Languages
3213:Education
3117:Transport
2951:Terrorism
2796:Judiciary
2790:Apparatus
2756:Elections
2721:Anarchism
2695:Far North
2646:Volcanoes
2631:Mountains
2508:Geography
2387:Civil war
2298:Scythians
2213:(Russian)
1804:(b. 1971)
1762:(b. 1974)
1720:(b. 1966)
1678:(b. 1961)
1632:(b. 1959)
1588:(b. 1955)
1544:(b. 1955)
1502:(b. 1955)
1458:(b. 1955)
1412:(b. 1951)
1362:(b. 1943)
1351:President
1315:Portrait
1250:Procedure
1244:impeached
1158:President
722:Passports
709:in Russia
583:Elections
543:Judiciary
426:Executive
386:President
281:Currently
242:Currently
236:President
3643:Category
3521:Nobility
3481:Internet
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3471:Graffiti
3456:Folklore
3399:Armorial
3329:Religion
3314:Polygamy
3253:HIV/AIDS
3233:Funerals
3223:Feminism
3193:Deafness
3178:Citizens
3168:Cannabis
3153:Abortion
3097:Taxation
3037:Gambling
3027:Forestry
2876:Military
2709:Politics
2690:Wildlife
2636:Caucasus
2599:Glaciers
2479:Military
2464:Internet
2442:By topic
2336:Vladimir
2331:Novgorod
2285:Timeline
2184:Elsevier
2161:6 August
1971:Archived
1898:See also
1334:present
1105:. Judge
692:Minister
525:Chairman
361:Tax Code
130:Location
3634:Outline
3446:Fashion
3436:Fashion
3424:Cuisine
3386:Culture
3374:in army
3359:Wedding
3354:Suicide
3349:Smoking
3334:Slavery
3309:Orphans
3282:Illegal
3158:Alcohol
3141:Society
3107:Tourism
2987:Banking
2965:Economy
2810:Prisons
2658:Siberia
2614:Islands
2594:Geology
2530:Climate
2520:Borders
2484:Outline
2459:Judaism
2449:Economy
2276:History
2023:El País
1167:citizen
1086:El País
992:History
966:Russian
828:Ukraine
813:Finland
736:history
514:Members
488:Members
229:ksrf.ru
225:Website
120: (
3648:Portal
3603:Sports
3531:Anthem
3419:Cinema
3414:Ballet
3324:Racism
3287:Labour
3243:Health
3208:Doping
3062:Ruble
3047:Mining
3017:Energy
2680:Rivers
2589:Fjords
2489:Postal
2341:Moscow
2267:Russia
2222:, 2010
2190:
1318:Judge
1223:, the
1219:, the
1215:, the
1206:, the
1185:Powers
1171:Russia
1143:quorum
3553:Opera
3506:Music
3369:Women
3270:LGBTQ
3188:Crime
3122:Waste
2641:Urals
2619:Lakes
2151:(PDF)
823:India
818:China
785:BRICS
291:Since
252:Since
3541:Flag
3429:Wine
3409:Arts
2474:LGBT
2358:Army
2188:ISBN
2163:2012
1092:and
1050:and
998:USSR
960:The
838:NATO
790:APEC
770:EAEU
442:list
395:list
2801:Law
2127:WSJ
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344:Law
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