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90:, because it undermines shared understanding of democratic norms and undermines the expectation that the other side will comply with democratic norms. As a result, the use of constitutional hardball by one side of partisans encourages other partisans to respond in similar fashion.
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is the exploitation of procedures, laws and institutions by political actors for partisan gain in ways which violate pre-established norms and push the bounds of legality. Legal scholars and political scientists have characterized constitutional hardball as a threat to
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has strengthened the role of the executive in policy-making, as the
President becomes more likely to use the powers of office to circumvent the legislature; Obama's use of executive orders is mentioned as an example of constitutional hardball.
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to force others to agree to one's demands (hostage-taking), disenfranchising voters for the opposing party (
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administrations and legislatures to curb the powers of incoming legislators and administrations, using
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shifted to authoritarianism in part through constitutional hardball, as
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It has been suggested that the use of constitutional hardball in the
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Pierson, Paul; Hacker, Jacob S.; Persily, Nathaniel, Editor (2015).
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powers on oneself or one's associates, and refusal to commit to the
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Questionable actions taken by political actors for personal gain
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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Examples of constitutional hardball include the use of the
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Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (January 27, 2018).
125:used legal court-packing schemes to cement power.
579:"Democracy's Undemocratic Transition of Power"
503:"Democrats: Prepare to Pack the Supreme Court"
32:The examples and perspective in this article
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324:"Constitutional Hardball Is Back. Look Out"
300:Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018).
101:. Harvard University political scientists
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322:Bernstein, Jonathan (December 4, 2018).
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477:"Hardball and/as Anti-Hardball"
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348:"Trump Meets Political Science"
605:"American democracy is doomed"
438:"How Wobbly Is Our Democracy?"
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386:Constitutional Hardball
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443:The New York Times
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196:References
152:, routine
150:filibuster
119:Juan Perón
452:0362-4331
362:0043-0633
328:Bloomberg
273:ignored (
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166:pardoning
162:lame-duck
115:Venezuela
111:Argentina
88:democracy
60:July 2021
48:talk page
184:See also
42:You may
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384:(2004)
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