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Constitutional institution

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116:' of South Africa are explained as constitutional attempt to guarantee accountability of government, yet there are also worries as these new 'constitutionally independent' agencies can create tensions inside separation of powers between traditional branches and institutions of South African government. These modern independent agencies created directly by constitution sometimes fails to achieve its expected role, as their level of institutional independence varies according to specific political situations. 255: 217:"Klug, Heinz. "Accountability and the Role of Independent Constitutional Institutions in South Africa's Post-Apartheid Constitutions." New York Law School Law Review, vol. 60, no. 1, 2015-2016, pp. 154-155, 161-163" 61: 236:"Shah, Dian A H. "The Malaysian Election Commission: Navigating Electoral Authoritarianism and Political Change." Asian Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 16, no. S1, 2021, pp. S116" 203:"Quint, Peter E. "Leading a Constitutional Court: Perspectives from the Federal Republic of Germany." University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 154, no. 6, 2006, pp. 1867–69" 296: 135: 56: 152: 39:
compared to sub-constitutional laws, their status is rather more stable and independent than institutions created by sub-constitutional laws.
289: 193: 320: 35:. As these institutions derives its powers, duties and responsibilities directly from the constitution, which is harder to be amended by 130: 325: 282: 230: 197: 93: 47:
Role of the constitutional institutions inside government reflects each constitution's national context and identity.
125: 105: 142: 113: 200:
enjoys institutional autonomy and independence from other constitutional institutions in German government. See
189: 233:
is often criticized for failure to achieve independent and neutral role as constitutional institution. See
315: 164: 85: 73: 262: 169: 109: 89: 216: 77: 65: 266: 108:
creates various government institutions directly by itself, which has similar role as
309: 146: 32: 36: 254: 81: 235: 202: 59:, only five institutions are regarded as constitutional institutions ( 72:) in German federal government, reflecting classic structure for 270: 16:
Government organ established directly by constitution
136:Institutions of constitutional importance (Italy) 112:in classic government structure. This so called ' 188:While judicial administration matters of other 290: 8: 297: 283: 31:is a government institution created by a 153:Constitutional organizations of Thailand 181: 120:Examples of constitutional institutions 7: 251: 249: 131:Constitutional institutions (Italy) 14: 253: 231:Election Commission of Malaysia 1: 269:. You can help Knowledge by 198:Federal Constitutional Court 104:Modern constitution such as 94:Federal Constitutional Court 321:Government agencies by type 126:Constitutional body (India) 342: 248: 106:South African constitution 21:constitutional institution 143:Chapter nine institutions 114:Chapter nine institutions 92:of German executive, and 84:' of German legislature, 326:Constitutional law stubs 69: 261:This article about a 96:of German judiciary. 176:Notes and references 165:Separation of Powers 74:separation of powers 29:constitutional organ 194:Ministry of Justice 57:German constitution 25:constitutional body 263:constitutional law 170:Independent agency 110:independent agency 278: 277: 55:According to the 333: 299: 292: 285: 257: 250: 240: 239: 227: 221: 220: 213: 207: 206: 192:are overseen by 186: 70:Verfassungorgane 64: 341: 340: 336: 335: 334: 332: 331: 330: 306: 305: 304: 303: 246: 244: 243: 234: 228: 224: 215: 214: 210: 201: 187: 183: 178: 161: 122: 102: 60: 53: 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 339: 337: 329: 328: 323: 318: 308: 307: 302: 301: 294: 287: 279: 276: 275: 258: 242: 241: 222: 208: 190:Federal courts 180: 179: 177: 174: 173: 172: 167: 160: 157: 156: 155: 150: 140: 139: 138: 128: 121: 118: 101: 98: 52: 49: 44: 41: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 338: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 316:Constitutions 314: 313: 311: 300: 295: 293: 288: 286: 281: 280: 274: 272: 268: 264: 259: 256: 252: 247: 237: 232: 229:For example, 226: 223: 218: 212: 209: 204: 199: 195: 191: 185: 182: 175: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 141: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 127: 124: 123: 119: 117: 115: 111: 107: 99: 97: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 58: 50: 48: 42: 40: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 271:expanding it 260: 245: 225: 211: 184: 147:South Africa 103: 100:South Africa 54: 46: 33:constitution 28: 24: 20: 18: 265:topic is a 37:legislature 310:Categories 43:By country 86:President 82:Bundestag 78:Bundesrat 62:‹See Tfd› 159:See also 196:, only 90:Cabinet 80:' and ' 51:Germany 66:German 267:stub 88:and 76:; ' 27:or 312:: 68:: 23:, 19:A 298:e 291:t 284:v 273:. 238:. 219:. 205:. 149:) 145:(

Index

constitution
legislature
German constitution
‹See Tfd›
German
separation of powers
Bundesrat
Bundestag
President
Cabinet
Federal Constitutional Court
South African constitution
independent agency
Chapter nine institutions
Constitutional body (India)
Constitutional institutions (Italy)
Institutions of constitutional importance (Italy)
Chapter nine institutions
South Africa
Constitutional organizations of Thailand
Separation of Powers
Independent agency
Federal courts
Ministry of Justice
Federal Constitutional Court
"Quint, Peter E. "Leading a Constitutional Court: Perspectives from the Federal Republic of Germany." University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 154, no. 6, 2006, pp. 1867–69"
"Klug, Heinz. "Accountability and the Role of Independent Constitutional Institutions in South Africa's Post-Apartheid Constitutions." New York Law School Law Review, vol. 60, no. 1, 2015-2016, pp. 154-155, 161-163"
Election Commission of Malaysia
"Shah, Dian A H. "The Malaysian Election Commission: Navigating Electoral Authoritarianism and Political Change." Asian Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 16, no. S1, 2021, pp. S116"
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