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multiple countries. Whether or not demand is comparable across countries affects the extent of the gains from international integration. In addition, consumer preferences change over time to disturb existing patterns of behavior. A feature of some industries is that demand for variety increases as the market moves from first-time buying to replacement demand. A resource to further understand this idea of consumer preferences can be observed through
Lizabeth Cohen's book titled, "A Consumers' Republic", "Only if we have large demands can we expect large production".
1488:
1238:
947:
892:, there is much discussion on risks related to such aspects of supply chains as short product life cycles, high competition combined with cooperation, and globalization. The consumer electronics industry is the very embodiment of these aspects of supply chain management and related risks. While some of the supply and demand related risks are similar to such industries as the toy industry, the consumer electronics industry faces additional risks due to its
49:
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collected, it has been estimated that the 160,000 tonnes of EEE in regular waste collections were worth £220 million. And 23% of EEE taken to
Household Waste Recycling Centres was immediately resaleable – or would be with minor repairs or refurbishment. This indicates a lack of awareness among consumers about where and how to dispose of EEE and the potential value of things that are going in the bin.
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825:, combining elements of many products, consumers face different purchasing decisions. There is an ever-increasing need to keep product information updated and comparable for the consumer to make an informed choice. Style, price, specification, and performance are all relevant. There are a gradual shift towards
1667:
E-waste policy has gone through various incarnations since the 1970s, with emphases changing as the decades passed. More weight was gradually placed on the need to dispose of e-waste more carefully due to the toxic materials it may contain. There has also been recognition that various valuable metals
465:
expenditure as a proportion of revenues in the industry and spent about $ 2.9 billion in 2003. Along with its competitors, Samsung
Electronics is global and employs 88,000 people in 89 offices in 46 countries. Not including facilities in Korea, it has 24 manufacturing complexes, 40 distribution bases
1689:. Using electronics before going to bed makes it difficult for people to fall asleep, hurting human health. Sleeping less prevents people from performing to their full potential physically and mentally and can also "increase rates of obesity and diabetes", which are "long-term health consequences".
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in 2014 found that $ 80 billion of power is wasted globally per year due to inefficiency of electronic devices. Consumers can reduce unwanted use of standby power by unplugging their devices, using power strips with switches, or by buying devices that are standardized for better energy management,
887:
The consumer electronics industry faces consumers with unpredictable tastes on the demand side, supplier-related delays or disruptions on the supply side, and production challenges occurring in the process. The high rate of technology evolution or revolution requires large investments without any
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For the reuse and repair of electrical goods to increase substantially in the UK, some barriers must be overcome. These include people's mistrust of used equipment in terms of whether it will be functional, safe and the stigma for some of owning second-hand goods. But the benefits of reuse could
896:
supply chains. There are also numerous supply-chain-wide contextual risks that cut across the supply chain especially impacting companies with global supply chains. These include cultural differences in multinational operations, environmental risk, regulations risk, and exchange rate risk across
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and plastics from waste electrical equipment can be recycled for other uses. More recently, the desirability of reusing whole appliances has been foregrounded in the 'preparation for reuse' guidelines. The policy focus is slowly moving towards a potential shift in attitudes to reuse and repair.
433:
and the introduction of personal computers, and until the early 2000s, many consumer electronics devices such as televisions and stereo systems, were digitized: digital computer technology, and thus digital signals, were integrated into the operation of consumer electronics devices, drastically
494:
have altered the activities and experiences of households in
America and Britain in the twentieth century. With the expansion of cookers, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, radios, televisions, air conditioning, and microwave ovens, households have gained an escalating number of
1531:
estimates that electronic devices and gadgets account for about 10%–15% of the energy use in
American homes – largely because of their number; the average house has dozens of electronic devices. The energy consumption of consumer electronics increases – in America and Europe – to about 50% of
1671:
With turnover of small household appliances high and costs relatively low, many consumers will throw unwanted electric goods in the normal dustbin, meaning that items of potentially high reuse or recycling value go to landfills. While more oversized items such as washing machines are usually
1583:, found that the devices using the most power on standby mode included televisions, satellite boxes, and other video and audio equipment. The study concluded that UK households could save up to £86 per year by switching devices off instead of using standby mode. A report from the
925:
The electronics industry, especially consumer electronics, emerged in the 20th century and has become a global industry worth billions of dollars. Contemporary society uses all manner of electronic devices built-in automated or semi-automated factories operated by the industry.
411:(ICs) followed when manufacturers built circuits (usually for military purposes) on a single substrate using electrical connections between circuits within the chip itself. IC technology led to more advanced and cheaper consumer electronics, such as transistorized televisions,
2320:
1094:. IEEE has multiple periodicals and international conferences to promote CE and encourage collaborative research and development in CE. The flagship conference of CESoc, called IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), is in its 35th year.
1059:
since its foundation in 1973. The event, which grew from having 100 exhibitors in its inaugural year to more than 4,500 exhibiting companies in its 2020 edition, features the latest in consumer electronics, speeches by industry experts and innovation awards.
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guarantee of profitable returns. As a result, the big players rely on global markets to achieve economies of scale. Even these companies sometimes have to cooperate with each other, for instance on standards, to reduce the risk of their investments. In
1684:
Desktop monitors and laptops produce major physical health concerns for humans when bodies are forced into unhealthy and uncomfortable positions to see the screen better. From this, neck and back pains and problems increase, commonly referred to as
449:. It was truly global with Asia Pacific having 35% market share, Europe having 31.5%, the US having 23%, and the rest of the world having the rest. Major players in this industry are household names like Sony, Samsung, Philips, Sanyo, and Sharp.
4742:
2800:
1892:
1519:), these material are extracted and refined using water and energy-intensive processes. These metals are also used in the renewable energy industry meaning that consumer electronics are directly competing for the raw materials.
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are more commonly seen in students and in youth because they tend to be the ones using electronics the most. "People who frequently use their thumbs to type text messages on cell phones can develop a painful affliction called
3578:
Cole, C., Cooper, T. and
Gnanapragasam, A., 2016. Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: opportunities and challenges in the UK. In: Electronics Goes Green 2016+ Conference, Berlin, Germany, 7–9 September
503:
is not well understood. Some types of appliances diffuse more frequently than others. In particular, home entertainment appliances such as radio and television have diffused much faster than household and kitchen machines."
1179:, also sell consumer electronics in many of their stores. In April 2014, retail e-commerce sales were the highest in the consumer electronic and computer categories as well. Some consumer electronics retailers offer
1563:– used by consumer electronics and appliances while they are turned off – accounts for 5–10% of total household energy consumption, costing $ 100 annually to the average household in the United States. A study by
1090:(IEEE), the world's largest professional society, has many initiatives to advance the state of the art of consumer electronics. IEEE has a dedicated society of thousands of professionals to promote CE, called the
2872:
1011:. This type of software may be embedded within the hardware of electronic devices. Some consumer electronics include software that is used on a personal computer in conjunction with electronic devices, such as
1571:
found that a videocassette recorders (VCRs) consume more electricity during the course of a year in standby mode than when they are used to record or playback videos. Similar findings were obtained concerning
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Most consumer electronics are built in China, due to maintenance cost, availability of materials, quality, and speed as opposed to other countries such as the United States. Cities such as
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may involve significant risk to workers and communities and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of materials such as heavy metals from
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The energy consumption of consumer electronics and their environmental impact, either from their production processes or the disposal of the devices, is increasing steadily.
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also have initiated a conference to research on next generation consumer electronics as Smart
Electronics. The conference named IEEE Symposium on Smart Electronics Systems (
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in countries like India, despite the fact that exporting electronic waste to them is illegal. Strong informal sector can be a problem for the safe and clean recycling.
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1615:
describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Many consumer electronics may contain toxic minerals and elements, and many electronic scrap components, such as
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One overriding characteristic of consumer electronic products is the trend of ever-falling prices. This is driven by gains in manufacturing efficiency and
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and 15 branches spread over all continents except
Antarctica. Countries with manufacturing facilities include the US, Malaysia, China, India, and Hungary.
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1218:
Consumer electronic service can refer to the maintenance of said products. When consumer electronics have malfunctions, they may sometimes be repaired.
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published a study of 17 of the world's leading consumer electronics companies about their energy and resource consumption and the use of chemicals.
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or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form, and are not to be confused with
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link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a
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2035:
1996:
1821:
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2002:
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1253:, cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, or hand phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell or just phone, is a portable
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2027:
The
Digital Consumer Technology Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Devices, Standards, Future Directions, and Programmable Logic Solutions
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393:. This led to the emergence of the home entertainment consumer electronics industry starting in the 1950s, largely due to the efforts of
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642:
487:
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3512:
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1955:
1919:
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401:) in successfully commercializing transistor technology for a mass market, with affordable transistor radios and then transistorized
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A high number of different metals and low concentration rates in electronics means that recycling is limited and energy intensive.
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3016:
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141:, which sell entertainment, communication and home office devices, light fixtures and appliances, including the bathroom type.
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barriers, and later by technical and demand shifts. The spending on domestic appliances has claimed only a tiny fraction of
645:
have become based on the internet and digital technologies. The consumer electronics industry has primarily merged with the
434:
changing their operation but with improved results such as improved image quality in televisions. This was made possible by
1676:
allow lower-income households access to previously unaffordable technology while helping the environment at the same time.
4880:
4875:
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517:
293:" physical retail stores, online stores, or combinations of both. Annual consumer electronics sales are expected to reach
196:
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3182:
2928:
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turntable did not use electronics; the needle and sound horn were purely mechanical technologies. However, in the 1920s,
269:
In the 2010s, most consumer electronics have become based on digital technologies. They have essentially merged with the
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1655:
ashes. However, large amounts of the produced electronic waste from developed countries is exported, and handled by the
1302:
4788:
1229:, as opposed to digital sound, has sparked a noticeable increase of business for the electronic repair industry there.
490:, rising from 0.5 percent in the US in 1920, to about 2 percent in 1980. Yet the sequence of electrical and mechanical
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2219:
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441:
In 2004, the consumer electronics industry was worth US$ 240 billion annually worldwide comprising visual equipment,
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3108:
1198:
An electronics district is an area of commerce with a high density of retail stores that sell consumer electronics.
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4583:
3730:
1816:
1686:
1644:
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1128:
981:
An electronic component is any essential discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect
865:
818:, an observed principle which states that, for a given price, semiconductor functionality doubles every two years.
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56:
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have become important production centres for the industry, attracting many consumer electronics companies such as
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94:) equipment intended for everyday use, typically in private homes. Consumer electronics include devices used for
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and wood-veneer finishes typical on 1950s and 1960s radio and TV receivers, and in contrast to "white goods".
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since its foundation in 1924. The event features new consumer electronics and speeches by industry pioneers.
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of the
Western economy. Europe's White Goods industry has evolved over the past 40 years, first by changing
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of Samsung Electronics contributing $ 1.2 billion in revenues. Samsung Electronics has one of the highest
375:
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4343:
4283:
4018:
3891:
3886:
1266:
1035:, a communications protocol is a system of digital rules for data exchange within or between computers.
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due to many products being housed in black or dark casings. This term is used to distinguish them from "
1237:
1167:, and specialist stores that serve, for example, audiophiles and exceptions, such as the single-branch
1487:
1163:, the largest consumer electronics retailer in the country, although smaller dedicated stores include
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1883:"Global Consumer Electronics Market to Reach US$ 2.9 Trillion by 2020 - Persistence Market Research"
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Lyman, Peter; Varian, Hal R.; Dunn, James; Strygin, Aleksey; Swearingen, Kirsten (18 October 2000).
879:, which are optimized for distribution of HD content between consumer electronic devices in a home.
457:. In 2003, combined revenues for Samsung Electronics were $ 55 billion. Samsung Electronics UK is a
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This picture illustrates how the mobile phone industry evolved to what we see today as modern
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that affects their tendons on their hands. The best-known disease in this category is called
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in the early 1950s. The invention and development of the earliest transistors at Bell led to
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4355:
4333:
4202:
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3808:
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2863:"Microsoft announces two Lumia phones, always-on Cortana, and clever new mobile accessories"
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2321:"Stock Video of Angled view of Compact cassette tape in use playing back in a deck player"
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In 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the increased popularity in listening to sound from
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2215:"Household Appliances and the Use of Time: The United States and Britain Since the 1920s"
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1003:
Consumer electronics such as personal computers use various types of software. Embedded
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1333:; mobile phones which offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as
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was soon invented but remained insignificant in the consumer market until the 1950s.
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1915:"Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $ 400 Billion for First Time"
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2925:"Signal Converter of Consumer Electronics Connection Protocols (US 20120287942 A1)"
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equipment) now provide options to connect to the Internet or to a computer using a
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https://ctsoc.ieee.org/publications/ieee-transactions-on-consumer-electronics.html
2994:
Simon Sherratt, Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,
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costs as manufacturing has moved to lower-wage countries, and improvements in
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2767:"A Consumers' Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America"
1988:
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by producers and sellers. In the 2010s, this distinction is absent in large
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2105:
281:. Some consumer electronics stores have also begun selling office and baby
19:"Consumer Electronics" redirects here. For the electronic music group, see
1576:, which consume almost the same amount of energy in "on" and "off" modes.
1412:
that can be leveraged by pre-included and third-party software (such as a
868:
content has led the industry to develop a number of technologies, such as
4482:
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4365:
4221:
4177:
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3632:
3455:"Leaving appliances on standby 'can cost UK households up to £86 a year'"
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that had made radios practical were used with record players as well, to
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989:, conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components.
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in the early 20th century brought the first major consumer product, the
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4520:
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4109:
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3109:"US Retail Ecommerce Sales Highest for Computers, Consumer Electronics"
2832:"Shenzhen in China becomes a power source for the electronics industry"
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MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch
2656:"An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry"
2591:"An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry"
2056:"An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry"
1780:
Takagi, Yuichiro; Hanada, Yukinori; Iwato, Hisashi (8 January 2020).
1409:
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1072:
1056:
596:
584:
483:
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301:. In turn, the driving force behind the electronics industry is the
4233:
2895:"Electronics hardware consumption poised to touch *360 bln by 2015"
2357:"Warner Bros. Offers In-Store DVD-to-Cloud Service [VIDEO]"
852:. Products not traditionally associated with computer use (such as
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3486:"Electronic Devices Waste $ 80 Billion of Power a Year, IEA Says"
3333:"Infographic: The Carbon Footprint of the Internet – ClimateCare"
1706:, which results from pressure on the median nerve in the wrist".
661:
List of top consumer electronics products by number of shipments
478:' is a characteristic element of consumption patterns during the
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3358:"Heating and cooling no longer majority of US home energy use"
3081:"Why consumer electronics retailers are the next record store"
3032:
IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE),
2398:
2294:
1329:. Mobile phones offering only those capabilities are known as
212:
4764:
3064:
3012:, Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine,
2462:"7 of the Top 10 Smartphone Suppliers Headquartered in China"
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3052:
1151:
industry in many countries. In the United States, dedicated
1112:
1104:
IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)
1290:
474:
The increase in popularity of such domestic appliances as '
382:
in 1947, which led to significant research in the field of
3063:
IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems,
2984:
1532:
household consumption if the term is redefined to include
1277:
architecture and, therefore, mobile telephones are called
2981:
1782:"White appliance prices jump in Japan over past 10 years"
1019:, and third-party software for such devices also exists.
2534:
University of California, Berkeley School of Information
32:
A crowd of shoppers in the flatscreen TV section of the
3033:
2719:
Baden-Fuller, Charles W. F.; Stopford, John M. (1991).
2166:
Baden-Fuller, Charles W. F.; Stopford, John M. (1991).
1948:
The information age : economy, society and culture
1579:
A 2012 study in the United Kingdom, carried out by the
1171:
store in New York City. Broad-based retailers, such as
1027:
Some consumer electronics adhere to protocols, such as
179:. In the 2010s, consumer electronics stores often sell
3548:"Is India's E-Waste Problem Spiraling Out of Control?"
2801:"Why can't the US build consumer electronic products?"
2255:"Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Industry Overview"
2121:"White Goods in Italy during a Golden Age (1948-1973)"
1360:
by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive
4682:
1356:
functions into one unit. They are distinguished from
864:
to provide access to digital content. The desire for
821:
While consumer electronics continues in its trend of
538:
Consumer electronics devices include those used for
2952:"Jack Wayman, founder of CES trade show, dies at 92"
273:
industry in what is increasingly referred to as the
4604:
4559:
4506:
4468:
4445:
4364:
4271:
4072:
3930:
3847:
3781:
3014:
http://cesoc.ieee.org/publications/ce-magazine.html
2721:"Globalization Frustrated: The Case of White Goods"
2561:"China Moves to Automate Electronics Manufacturing"
2168:"Globalization Frustrated: The Case of White Goods"
1147:Electronics retailing is a significant part of the
641:Increasingly consumer electronics products such as
3237:Srivastava, Viranjay M.; Singh, Ghanshyam (2013).
3142:"Hold off extended warranties until you read this"
1007:is used within some consumer electronics, such as
1731:Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering
1109:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1088:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3417:"Please Stand By: Reduce Your Standby Power Use"
3382:"3 Easy Tips to Reduce Your Standby Power Loads"
3375:
3373:
2927:. IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. 15 November 2012.
2660:The Journal of the Operational Research Society
2595:The Journal of the Operational Research Society
2060:The Journal of the Operational Research Society
1891:. Persistence Market Research. 3 January 2017.
1273:(PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a
426:that regular middle-class families could buy.
351:the sound so that it could be played through a
814:design. Semiconductor components benefit from
163:, then audio and video recorders and players,
4249:
3759:
3648:
3646:
3513:"Normal is recycling out-of-date electronics"
3206:"Electronic repair industry gets second wind"
2424:
2422:
2420:
8:
3173:"Look round Shenzhen's Electronics District"
1751:"In China, Black Goods Down, White Goods Up"
1400:. Smartphones typically contain a number of
130:. In British English, they are often called
106:. These products are usually referred to as
1031:"to high speed bi-directional signals". In
649:in what is increasingly referred to as the
4256:
4242:
4234:
3766:
3752:
3744:
1491:Guide to Greener Electronics 2017 findings
1478:Mobile phone industry in the United States
1392:), alongside core phone functions such as
659:
247:. Some of the newer products sold include
3074:
3072:
2695:
2630:
2095:
1981:"Microelectronics for Home Entertainment"
1098:IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
2125:The Journal of Interdisciplinary History
1843:McDermott, Catherine (30 October 2007).
4777:
4689:
3642:
3624:
1741:
1384:functionality (including music, video,
1313:, short-range wireless communications (
1194:Category:Consumer electronics retailers
682:
522:List of best-selling electronic devices
3527:from the original on 10 September 2014
3492:from the original on 10 September 2014
3465:from the original on 10 September 2014
3431:from the original on 11 September 2014
3396:from the original on 10 September 2014
3171:Cellan-Jones, Rory (8 December 2012).
3152:from the original on 12 September 2014
3121:from the original on 12 September 2014
2962:from the original on 10 September 2014
2931:from the original on 15 September 2014
2905:from the original on 12 September 2014
2875:from the original on 10 September 2014
2584:
2582:
2430:"Cell phone sales worldwide 2007-2018"
2049:
2047:
3597:The Women's International Perspective
3587:
3585:
3297:
3295:
3245:Springer Science & Business Media
1761:from the original on 12 February 2016
1065:Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin
7:
3731:"Tech Etiquette: 21 Do's and Don'ts"
3593:"Health Risks of Electronic Devices"
2779:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim270040180
2505:from the original on 15 October 2019
2472:from the original on 25 October 2019
2442:from the original on 25 October 2019
2405:from the original on 15 October 2019
2369:from the original on 15 October 2019
2336:from the original on 25 October 2019
1927:from the original on 30 January 2021
1895:from the original on 11 October 2019
1824:from the original on 8 December 2014
1474:Mobile phone industry in South Korea
1092:Consumer Electronics Society (CESoc)
683:
260:connect home devices to the Internet
215:in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by
16:Electronic products for everyday use
3729:Kevin Sintumuang (2 January 2015).
3560:from the original on 8 October 2014
3546:Bhowmick, Nilanjana (23 May 2011).
3204:Todd, Deborah M. (18 August 2013).
2980:IEEE Consumer Electronics Society,
2842:from the original on 25 August 2014
1792:from the original on 8 January 2020
1619:, may contain contaminants such as
1503:Rare metals and rare earth elements
643:Digital distribution of video games
3511:Moreno, Julia (8 September 2014).
3425:United States Department of Energy
3390:United States Department of Energy
3313:from the original on 14 April 2021
3140:Sherman, Erik (19 December 2011).
3079:Murphy, H. Lee (27 January 2014).
2861:Hachman, Mark (4 September 2014).
2567:from the original on 12 April 2013
2493:"What Do I Do With Old VCR Tapes?"
2389:"Over 5 billion mobiles worldwide"
2213:Bowden, Sue; Offer, Avner (1994).
1920:Semiconductor Industry Association
1863:from the original on 18 April 2016
1565:United States Department of Energy
1440:communications protocols (such as
1183:on products with programs such as
1101:IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
921:Electronics industry in Bangladesh
674:
14:
3339:from the original on 5 March 2021
3280:Guide to Greener Electronics 2017
3261:from the original on 30 June 2023
3218:from the original on 7 April 2015
3185:from the original on 22 July 2016
2950:Hornyak, Tim (2 September 2014).
2491:Schildgen, Bob (17 August 2018).
2301:from the original on 5 March 2009
2285:"Compact disc hits 25th birthday"
2265:from the original on 20 July 2014
2005:from the original on 30 June 2023
1985:The Computer Engineering Handbook
1983:. In Oklobdzija, Vojin G. (ed.).
1507:Electronic devices use thousands
1285:in North America. In addition to
1271:public switched telephone network
315:History of electronic engineering
297:by 2020. It is part of the wider
4848:
4831:
4814:
4797:
4780:
4752:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4692:
3877:Failure of electronic components
3415:Lippert, John (17 August 2009).
2830:Gamble, Craig (22 August 2014).
2540:from the original on 5 June 2019
1607:: discarded electronic equipment
4579:Light-weight Linux distribution
4407:Hacking of consumer electronics
1470:Mobile phone industry in Russia
1269:, which provides access to the
534:computer system, from the 1980s
429:Starting in the 1980s with the
415:, and by the 1980s, affordable
327:For its first fifty years, the
3599:. 12 July 2015. Archived from
2799:Baker, Phil (11 August 2014).
2654:Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007).
2589:Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007).
2054:Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007).
1749:Hsu, Sara (12 February 2016).
1466:Mobile phone industry in Japan
1462:Mobile phone industry in India
1203:Category:Electronics districts
197:electronic musical instruments
1:
3484:Carr, Matthew (2 July 2014).
3380:Chu, John (1 November 2012).
3303:"The myth of the green cloud"
2672:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410
2607:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410
2559:Mike Deng (23 October 2012).
2072:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410
1293:) support a variety of other
917:Electronics industry in China
913:Electronics industry in Japan
518:Category:Consumer electronics
4667:List of open-source hardware
3872:List of emerging electronics
2725:Strategic Management Journal
2172:Strategic Management Journal
2024:Dhir, Amit (30 April 2004).
1433:
1408:(IC) chips, include various
323:A radio and TV store in 1961
3107:eMarketer (11 April 2014).
2355:Pan, Joann (7 March 2012).
2220:The Economic History Review
1979:Hagiwara, Yoshiaki (2001).
1641:brominated flame retardants
1585:International Energy Agency
1153:consumer electronics stores
836:using technologies such as
771:
756:
741:
726:
710:
695:
287:Consumer electronics stores
223:players). Stores also sell
139:consumer electronics stores
36:consumer electronics store
4897:
4584:Real-time operating system
3065:https://www.ieee-ises.org/
2530:How Much Information? 2000
1849:. Routledge. p. 234.
1817:Collins English Dictionary
1687:repetitive strain injuries
1645:Electronic waste recycling
1459:
1321:), business applications,
1257:that can make and receive
1211:
1200:
1191:
1129:Consumer electronics store
1126:
1051:has taken place yearly in
996:
974:
939:
933:
910:
904:
680:Production years included
514:List of electronics brands
511:
312:
151:. Later products included
57:consumer electronics store
18:
4657:
4569:Linux on embedded systems
3521:Illinois State University
3053:https://www.computer.org/
1946:Manuel, Castells (1996).
1402:metal–oxide–semiconductor
1364:, which facilitate wider
1289:, digital mobile phones (
1155:have mostly given way to
1045:Consumer Electronics Show
936:Electronics manufacturing
262:, streaming devices, and
4574:Linux for mobile devices
3307:European Investment Bank
3086:Crain's Chicago Business
1846:Design: The Key Concepts
1362:mobile operating systems
495:appliances. Despite the
368:point-contact transistor
4422:PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
4115:Electromagnetic warfare
3736:The Wall Street Journal
3285:13 January 2011 at the
3211:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
3051:IEEE Computer Society,
1726:List of home appliances
1225:audio devices, such as
890:supply chain management
4412:Homebrew (video games)
4085:Automotive electronics
4034:Robotic vacuum cleaner
3994:Information technology
3799:Electronic engineering
2982:http://cesoc.ieee.org/
2771:The SHAFR Guide Online
2737:10.1002/smj.4250120703
2184:10.1002/smj.4250120703
1704:carpal tunnel syndrome
1608:
1492:
1246:
1214:Electronics technician
1144:
1119:) is on its 9th year.
957:
832:Many products include
799:
722:Digital versatile disc
655:information technology
535:
499:of these goods, their
376:Walter Houser Brattain
324:
303:semiconductor industry
279:information technology
185:automotive electronics
114:" which are meant for
72:
63:shopping center in of
45:
4769:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
4606:Programming languages
4344:Single-board computer
4284:Board support package
4019:Portable media player
3892:Molecular electronics
3887:Low-power electronics
1950:. Oxford: Blackwell.
1603:
1515:(40 on average for a
1490:
1267:mobile phone operator
1240:
1233:Mobile phone industry
1136:
949:
894:vertically integrated
834:Internet connectivity
792:A modern flat panel,
791:
529:
322:
211:, and video players (
51:
31:
4881:Electronics industry
4876:Consumer electronics
4767:Consumer electronics
4672:Open-source robotics
4662:Lightweight browsers
4385:Proprietary firmware
4294:Consumer electronics
4213:Terahertz technology
4194:Open-source hardware
4150:Consumer electronics
4120:Electronics industry
3882:Flexible electronics
3789:Analogue electronics
3363:2 April 2015 at the
3289:Greenpeace USA, 2017
3039:23 July 2016 at the
3034:http://www.icce.org/
3019:12 July 2016 at the
2137:10.1162/JINH_a_00502
2119:Paris, Ivan (2013).
1721:Electronics industry
1700:De Quervain syndrome
1483:Environmental impact
1450:satellite navigation
1029:connection protocols
999:Software development
993:Software development
977:Electronic component
971:Electronic component
942:Electronic packaging
907:Electronics industry
883:Business competition
866:high-definition (HD)
335:became the basis of
299:electronics industry
252:head-mounted display
225:smart light fixtures
76:Consumer electronics
4402:Defective by Design
4309:Embedded hypervisor
4189:Nuclear electronics
4014:Networking hardware
3917:Quantum electronics
3902:Organic electronics
3824:Printed electronics
3794:Digital electronics
3710:(2011–2018) – 9.401
3114:The Huffington Post
1923:. 5 February 2018.
1716:Digital electronics
1581:Energy Saving Trust
1513:rare earth elements
1327:digital photography
1279:cellular telephones
1181:extended warranties
987:electrical elements
707:Audio cassette tape
662:
631:remote control cars
623:video game consoles
451:Samsung Electronics
409:Integrated circuits
395:Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo
264:wearable technology
193:video game consoles
4470:Software libraries
4167:Marine electronics
4140:Integrated circuit
4059:Video game console
3857:2020s in computing
3839:Thermal management
2563:. Quality Digest.
2297:. 17 August 2007.
2243:– via JSTOR.
1609:
1523:Energy consumption
1493:
1406:integrated circuit
1247:
1208:Service and repair
1145:
1033:telecommunications
958:
955:Hannover-Nordstadt
800:
660:
589:personal computers
536:
424:personal computers
413:pocket calculators
370:, was invented by
362:The first working
333:radio broadcasting
325:
256:smart home devices
173:personal computers
149:broadcast receiver
145:Radio broadcasting
73:
46:
4735:Telecommunication
4680:
4679:
4619:Assembly language
4561:Operating systems
4541:Stand-alone shell
4508:Programming tools
4427:Rooting (Android)
4319:Embedded software
4304:Embedded database
4231:
4230:
4208:Radio electronics
3834:Schematic capture
3819:Power electronics
3679:2016–2018 – 4.589
3665:2011–2013 – 2.122
3631:"Brown" from the
3488:. Bloomberg L.P.
3010:Saraju P. Mohanty
2901:. 13 April 2008.
2601:(11): 1430–1439.
2066:(11): 1430–1439.
2037:978-0-08-053041-3
1998:978-0-8493-0885-7
1592:marked products.
1418:proximity sensors
1157:big-box retailers
829:web-storefronts.
781:
780:
667:Electronic device
647:software industry
593:desktop computers
488:disposable income
391:transistor radios
380:Bell Laboratories
4888:
4861:
4860:from Wikiversity
4853:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4773:
4757:
4756:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4709:
4708:
4697:
4696:
4688:
4417:iOS jailbreaking
4334:Memory footprint
4265:Embedded systems
4258:
4251:
4244:
4235:
4203:Radio navigation
4100:Data acquisition
3809:Microelectronics
3768:
3761:
3754:
3745:
3740:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3672:2014–2015 – 2.69
3668:
3661:
3650:
3636:
3629:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3589:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3453:(26 June 2012).
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3377:
3368:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3299:
3290:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3076:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3030:
3024:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2811:on 21 April 2019
2807:. Archived from
2805:San Diego Source
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2468:. 15 June 2017.
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2251:
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2210:
2204:
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2163:
2157:
2156:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1991:. p. 41-1.
1976:
1970:
1969:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1746:
1663:Reuse and repair
1613:Electronic waste
1605:Electronic waste
1596:Electronic waste
1378:mobile broadband
1350:mobile telephone
1275:cellular network
1142:Kokkola, Finland
1113:Computer Society
1083:IEEE initiatives
1071:has taken place
685:
676:
663:
296:
291:brick and mortar
205:karaoke machines
120:washing machines
80:home electronics
71:, Mexico in 2014
4896:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4826:from Wikisource
4820:
4815:
4813:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4786:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4772:sister projects
4771:
4763:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4683:
4681:
4676:
4653:
4600:
4555:
4502:
4464:
4441:
4392:Closed platform
4380:Custom firmware
4360:
4339:Microcontroller
4267:
4262:
4232:
4227:
4160:Small appliance
4155:Major appliance
4135:Home automation
4125:Embedded system
4080:Audio equipment
4068:
4064:Washing machine
3989:Home theater PC
3945:Central heating
3940:Air conditioner
3932:
3926:
3897:Nanoelectronics
3849:
3843:
3814:Optoelectronics
3804:Instrumentation
3777:
3772:
3728:
3725:
3723:Further reading
3720:
3711:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3658:2007–2010 – 731
3651:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3545:
3544:
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3530:
3528:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3365:Wayback Machine
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3287:Wayback Machine
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3255:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
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3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3041:Wayback Machine
3031:
3027:
3021:Wayback Machine
3008:
3004:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2949:
2948:
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2934:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2893:
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2876:
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2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2829:
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2814:
2812:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2401:. 9 July 2010.
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2319:
2318:
2314:
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2302:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2233:10.2307/2597714
2212:
2211:
2207:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1999:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1712:
1682:
1657:informal sector
1598:
1574:satellite boxes
1558:
1546:clothes washers
1534:home appliances
1525:
1505:
1485:
1480:
1460:Main articles:
1458:
1436:), and support
1346:portable device
1311:Internet access
1263:radio frequency
1235:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1196:
1131:
1125:
1085:
1041:
1025:
1023:Standardization
1017:digital cameras
1001:
995:
979:
973:
944:
938:
932:
923:
909:
903:
885:
786:
677:billion units)
672:
651:consumerization
615:digital cameras
605:paper shredders
567:radio receivers
559:video recorders
551:television sets
524:
510:
472:
453:is part of the
443:audio equipment
403:television sets
341:radio receivers
337:mass production
317:
311:
294:
275:consumerization
249:virtual reality
233:digital cameras
209:digital cameras
118:tasks, such as
65:Puerto Vallarta
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4894:
4892:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4845:
4843:from Wikibooks
4828:
4811:
4794:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4737:
4725:
4713:
4701:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4516:Almquist shell
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Embedded GLIBC
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4437:Vendor lock-in
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4371:
4369:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4299:Cross compiler
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4224:Communications
4215:
4210:
4205:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4145:Home appliance
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:Home appliance
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4095:Control system
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:Microwave oven
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3867:Bioelectronics
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3705:
3700:1994–2010 – 10
3687:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3603:on 3 June 2017
3581:
3571:
3538:
3517:Vidette Online
3503:
3476:
3442:
3407:
3369:
3350:
3324:
3291:
3272:
3253:
3229:
3196:
3163:
3148:(Moneywatch).
3132:
3099:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3025:
3002:
2987:
2973:
2942:
2916:
2886:
2853:
2836:Brisbane Times
2822:
2791:
2758:
2711:
2646:
2578:
2551:
2516:
2483:
2453:
2416:
2380:
2347:
2312:
2276:
2246:
2205:
2158:
2111:
2043:
2036:
2016:
1997:
1971:
1957:978-0631215943
1956:
1938:
1906:
1874:
1855:
1835:
1803:
1772:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1681:
1678:
1597:
1594:
1557:
1554:
1524:
1521:
1504:
1501:
1497:Greenpeace USA
1484:
1481:
1457:
1454:
1398:text messaging
1358:feature phones
1348:that combines
1331:feature phones
1299:text messaging
1234:
1231:
1227:record players
1209:
1206:
1124:
1121:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1084:
1081:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1021:
994:
991:
975:Main article:
972:
969:
934:Main article:
931:
928:
905:Main article:
902:
899:
884:
881:
797:television set
785:
782:
779:
778:
776:
773:
770:
768:Video cassette
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
749:
748:
746:
743:
740:
734:
733:
731:
728:
725:
718:
717:
715:
712:
709:
703:
702:
700:
697:
694:
687:
686:
681:
678:
669:
639:
638:
627:ROM cartridges
608:
573:communications
570:
509:
506:
471:
468:
447:games consoles
387:semiconductors
313:Main article:
310:
307:
295:$ 2.9 trillion
100:communications
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4893:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4859:
4858:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4812:
4809:from Wikinews
4808:
4807:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Embedded Java
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4551:Yocto Project
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:General terms
4270:
4266:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Clothes dryer
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Semiconductor
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3618:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3477:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3451:Harvey, Fiona
3446:
3443:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3260:
3256:
3254:9783319011653
3250:
3247:. p. 1.
3246:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3230:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:(1): 83–110.
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1862:
1858:
1856:9781134361809
1852:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1812:"brown goods"
1807:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:Health impact
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1588:particularly
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:Standby power
1556:Standby power
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:refrigerators
1535:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1495:In 2017, the
1489:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:accelerometer
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:B&H Photo
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:mobile phones
1006:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
984:
978:
970:
968:
967:
963:
956:
952:
948:
943:
937:
930:Manufacturing
929:
927:
922:
918:
914:
908:
900:
898:
895:
891:
882:
880:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:semiconductor
809:
805:
798:
795:
790:
783:
777:
774:
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
754:
751:
750:
747:
744:
739:
736:
735:
732:
729:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
708:
705:
704:
701:
698:
692:
689:
688:
679:
670:
668:
665:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
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