2991:
197:
2931:
2907:
844:
59:
Conscripted military service at that time consisted of two years full-time service, followed by 'camps'. The latter were annual call-ups for short-term periods of about a month, though not everyone was called every year. For those who had not done any military service, the Act provided for a
55:
provided for substitute service outside the armed forces for COs complying with certain requirements. The amendment was drafted at a time when the State was under increasing pressure to address the situation of COs. One of these pressures was the increased number of COs in prison or military
56:
barracks. For example, in 1982 there were 263 COs serving sentences in military detention barracks. The 1983 amendment provided for the first time for a form of alternative service, although for a punitively long period of three times the military service.
79:. Typical places for service were hospitals and the civil service generally. The decision was made by the authorities, though the RO was permitted to express his preferences. (Military service only applied to white males.)
3065:
2716:
880:
75:, which ruled on whether they complied with the requirements of the Act. Those who were accepted by the Board as RO's were placed in community service under the administration by the then
1510:
123:
801:
2283:
806:
3080:
1741:
1461:
2886:
2820:
60:
six-year period of community service. For those who had done the initial military service and objected only to the camp component, the requirement was three years duty.
2893:
444:
2975:
2388:
1661:
1468:
873:
339:
3060:
2702:
2681:
2542:
1475:
383:
2304:
1654:
116:
487:
3075:
2220:
2136:
1591:
1570:
428:
208:
3036:
2674:
1517:
1709:
3070:
2911:
2353:
866:
1346:
2737:
2598:
2521:
1811:
786:
295:
2879:
2667:
2402:
1734:
781:
420:
109:
1228:
1166:
2660:
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2213:
2094:
1677:
477:
303:
2507:
2758:
2723:
2241:
1454:
1175:
599:
250:
1309:
3085:
2632:
2199:
604:
2848:
2639:
2549:
377:
39:. COs at the time included those who openly refused to report to the Military, once conscripted, those who were sometimes referred to as
2968:
2785:
2730:
2646:
2493:
2157:
1720:
1403:
1373:
465:
176:
1286:
3055:
2744:
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2178:
2143:
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1297:
715:
400:
345:
2528:
2395:
2374:
2332:
1874:
848:
524:
395:
2458:
2297:
1482:
1396:
1339:
539:
371:
3029:
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2451:
2367:
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2206:
1489:
1433:
816:
389:
240:
32:
1626:
2961:
2437:
2346:
2101:
1860:
270:
2591:
2577:
2500:
2381:
2339:
2318:
2192:
1755:
1633:
1417:
1139:
181:
63:
This amendment recognised COs only if they were
Religious Objectors (RO's), even if they did not belong to the so-called '
2855:
2799:
2625:
2514:
2486:
2423:
2115:
1973:
415:
333:
245:
186:
146:
1640:
2792:
2695:
2570:
2479:
2325:
1684:
821:
791:
708:
629:
3022:
2262:
1783:
1691:
1647:
1440:
1318:
1217:
831:
761:
594:
534:
285:
265:
255:
68:
2806:
2444:
2276:
2269:
2227:
1941:
1888:
1776:
1727:
1524:
1182:
826:
751:
482:
460:
450:
235:
196:
3090:
2941:
2618:
1881:
1549:
796:
771:
559:
439:
356:
260:
132:
52:
1189:
2255:
2150:
2017:
1867:
1748:
1496:
1279:
811:
641:
76:
24:
1825:
1790:
1008:
584:
313:
171:
2360:
2290:
2185:
2080:
1934:
1584:
1380:
1293:
1088:
908:
756:
741:
549:
455:
230:
151:
2108:
1994:
1762:
1698:
1447:
1210:
1203:
1155:
938:
701:
2563:
2535:
2409:
1927:
1920:
1853:
1818:
1769:
1265:
1072:
694:
574:
519:
497:
225:
166:
1272:
673:
647:
2990:
2841:
2827:
2164:
1980:
1804:
1410:
1000:
930:
746:
666:
3006:
2945:
2765:
2129:
1839:
1619:
1325:
1080:
1048:
984:
776:
635:
472:
351:
2087:
2001:
1895:
1563:
1503:
1424:
1148:
1032:
1024:
1016:
992:
736:
622:
589:
544:
505:
434:
2834:
2556:
2430:
2073:
1987:
1670:
1612:
1605:
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1332:
1258:
1104:
1064:
554:
361:
275:
64:
3049:
2751:
2472:
1577:
1556:
1542:
1535:
1244:
579:
564:
366:
328:
280:
161:
2930:
858:
3002:
2938:
2416:
2025:
1846:
1797:
976:
890:
766:
72:
40:
28:
2009:
968:
687:
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2122:
1251:
1196:
1056:
1040:
2998:
2043:
2034:
1965:
1387:
1364:
1353:
680:
569:
323:
36:
101:
2813:
2311:
1956:
1096:
953:
1237:
156:
43:, and in due course those who were doing statutory community service.
1948:
1120:
899:
529:
1112:
862:
105:
31:, was formed in 1978. The organisation grew in the context of
47:
Community service under the 1983 amendment to the
Defence Act
195:
95:
Aletta J. Norval, Deconstructing
Apartheid Discourse, p 262.
3066:
Defunct civic and political organisations in South Africa
3010:
2949:
2869:
2775:
2608:
2063:
2054:
1912:
1708:
1363:
1308:
1227:
1165:
1138:
1131:
897:
729:
656:
614:
513:
496:
414:
311:
294:
218:
207:
139:
445:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
1662:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
340:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
3030:
2969:
874:
117:
8:
384:South African Liberal Students' Association
3037:
3023:
2976:
2962:
2060:
1135:
881:
867:
859:
611:
215:
124:
110:
102:
3081:Peace organisations based in South Africa
1735:Reconstruction and Development Programme
1347:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
88:
1812:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
51:A 1983 amendment to the South African
3061:Conscientious objection organizations
7:
2987:
2985:
2927:
2925:
378:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
21:Conscientious Objector Support Group
3076:1978 establishments in South Africa
1742:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1404:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
466:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
3009:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2948:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
401:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
346:Congress of South African Students
14:
3071:Organizations established in 1978
2894:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2529:South African Party (Cape Colony)
2989:
2929:
2906:
2905:
843:
842:
636:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
372:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
2543:South African Party (1977–1980)
2536:South African Party (1911–1934)
2452:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2249:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
390:South African Students Congress
33:South African resistance to war
1861:2019 service delivery protests
1847:#FeesMustFall student protests
1592:1983 constitutional referendum
304:South Africa political parties
67:'. COs had to appear before a
1:
2319:Johannesburg Reform Committee
957:
942:
919:
912:
540:(Don't) touch me on my studio
396:South African Wine Initiative
69:Board for Religious Objectors
3086:South African politics stubs
1974:Black Consciousness Movement
1728:Government of National Unity
488:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
334:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
1685:Saint James Church massacre
1571:Weapons of mass destruction
716:No Land! No House! No Vote!
630:No Land! No House! No Vote!
23:(COSG), a support group to
16:South African support group
3107:
2984:
2924:
1441:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1319:South West Africa campaign
1218:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1183:French Huguenot settlement
3056:Apartheid in South Africa
2903:
2880:African National Congress
2340:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1678:1992 apartheid referendum
840:
483:Treatment Action Campaign
461:Landless Peoples Movement
429:South Africa trade unions
193:
2997:This article related to
2333:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2326:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1882:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1840:#RhodesMustFall protests
1455:1960 republic referendum
802:Political assassinations
478:Social Justice Coalition
440:Mandela Park Backyarders
133:Politics of South Africa
2778:terrorist organisations
1868:2019 Johannesburg riots
1497:Constructive engagement
1462:International isolation
1280:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
642:One Settler, One Bullet
25:conscientious objectors
1791:Attack on Kennedy Road
1418:Congress of the People
1009:South African Republic
600:Anti-Chinese sentiment
585:White monopoly capital
451:Poor People's Alliance
201:
77:Department of Manpower
2361:Natal Indian Congress
2081:Afrikaner Broederbond
1935:Afrikaner nationalism
1721:1994 general election
1692:Bophuthatswana crisis
1585:Church Street bombing
1381:Apartheid legislation
1374:1948 general election
1294:South Africa Act 1909
1089:Union of South Africa
909:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
889:Political history of
787:Legacies of apartheid
648:"Each One, Teach One"
605:Anti-Indian sentiment
550:Proudly South African
456:Abahlali baseMjondolo
231:Afrikaner nationalism
199:
1995:Greater South Africa
1833:2014 platinum strike
1699:Shell House massacre
1627:Transkei coup d'état
1448:Sharpeville massacre
1211:Battle of Blaauwberg
1204:Battle of Muizenberg
1156:Battle of Salt River
939:Mthethwa Paramountcy
807:Political repression
702:Long Walk to Freedom
200:Flag of South Africa
2937:This article about
2887:Democratic Alliance
2064:Civic and political
1928:Afrikaner Calvinism
1921:African nationalism
1770:African Renaissance
1476:UNSC Resolution 591
1397:Internal resistance
1298:National Convention
1266:Transvaal Civil War
1190:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1073:Orange River Colony
797:Phala Phala robbery
695:I Write What I Like
520:African Renaissance
246:Black consciousness
226:African nationalism
1634:Ciskei coup d'état
1469:UN Resolution 1761
1434:Women's March 1956
1287:South African Wars
1273:Mineral Revolution
202:
3018:
3017:
2957:
2956:
2919:
2918:
2872:political parties
2865:
2864:
2842:Orde van die Dood
2459:Progressive Party
2165:Congress Alliance
1981:Cape Independence
1913:Political culture
1908:
1907:
1875:COVID-19 pandemic
1805:Marikana massacre
1641:Venda coup d'état
1411:Defiance Campaign
1001:Orange Free State
931:Dutch Cape Colony
856:
855:
747:Cape Independence
725:
724:
667:African Communist
623:Amandla Ngawethu!
525:Alternative media
514:Political culture
506:South African law
410:
409:
296:Political parties
35:, at the time of
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2776:Paramilitary and
2768:
2766:Umkosi Wezintaba
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
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2649:
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2635:
2628:
2621:
2611:social movements
2609:Trade unions and
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2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
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2146:
2139:
2132:
2130:Boerestaat Party
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2061:
2047:
2038:
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2020:
2013:
2004:
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1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
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1620:Dakar Conference
1615:
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1587:
1580:
1573:
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1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1527:
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1511:Sporting boycott
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1483:Academic boycott
1478:
1471:
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1427:
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1413:
1406:
1399:
1390:
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1340:Great Depression
1335:
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1326:Maritz rebellion
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1176:Dutch settlement
1158:
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1149:Bantu migrations
1136:
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1116:
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1084:
1081:Transvaal Colony
1076:
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1049:Nieuwe Republiek
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985:Natalia Republic
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954:Ndwandwe Kingdom
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876:
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860:
846:
845:
782:Land occupations
777:Labour brokering
709:Molotov Cocktail
612:
473:Reclaim the City
421:Social movements
352:Earthlife Africa
251:Environmentalism
216:
126:
119:
112:
103:
96:
93:
3106:
3105:
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3100:
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3096:
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3091:Apartheid stubs
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2289:
2282:
2277:HNP (Herstigte)
2275:
2270:HNP (Herenigde)
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2240:
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2088:Afrikaner Party
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2016:
2007:
2002:Honorary whites
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1963:
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1763:Soweto bombings
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1564:Soweto Uprising
1562:
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1509:
1504:Tar Baby Option
1502:
1495:
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1439:
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1425:Freedom Charter
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1103:
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1039:
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1025:Griqualand West
1023:
1017:Griqualand East
1015:
1007:
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991:
983:
975:
967:
960:
952:
945:
937:
929:
922:
915:
907:
893:
887:
857:
852:
836:
817:Sexual violence
737:Corrective rape
721:
658:
652:
610:
590:Ungovernability
545:Freedom Charter
509:
492:
435:Equal Education
419:
406:
315:
307:
290:
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135:
130:
100:
99:
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90:
85:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3019:
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3015:
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2835:Ossewabrandwag
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2629:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2578:Unionist Party
2574:
2567:
2560:
2557:Torch Commando
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
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2196:
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2189:
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2175:
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2161:
2154:
2147:
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2119:
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2105:
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2074:Afrikaner Bond
2069:
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2039:
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2014:
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555:Rainbow nation
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362:Khanya College
359:
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331:
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292:
291:
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276:Pan-Africanism
273:
271:Libertarianism
268:
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81:
65:peace churches
48:
45:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3103:
3092:
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2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:South African
2935:
2932:
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2923:
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2895:
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2753:
2752:Die Spoorbund
2749:
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2596:
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2592:Workers Party
2589:
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2473:Radio Freedom
2470:
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2110:
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2068:
2066:organisations
2062:
2059:
2057:organisations
2053:
2046:
2045:
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2037:
2036:
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2028:
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2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
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1854:Tshwane riots
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1578:Project Coast
1575:
1572:
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1558:
1557:Mafeje affair
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:Durban Moment
1540:
1537:
1536:Rivonia Trial
1533:
1526:
1522:
1519:
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1501:
1498:
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1490:Disinvestment
1487:
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1249:
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1245:1820 Settlers
1242:
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1232:
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580:UnFreedom Day
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367:Koeberg Alert
365:
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355:
353:
350:
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344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
330:
329:Afrikanerbond
327:
325:
322:
321:
319:
317:
316:organisations
310:
306:
305:
299:
297:
293:
287:
284:
282:
281:Non-racialism
279:
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206:
198:
188:
185:
183:
182:Northern Cape
180:
178:
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165:
163:
162:KwaZulu-Natal
160:
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150:
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92:
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74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
54:
46:
44:
42:
41:draft dodgers
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3011:expanding it
3003:South Africa
2996:
2950:expanding it
2936:
2921:
2910:
2870:Histories of
2571:United Party
2480:Reform Party
2417:Orangia Unie
2171:
2042:
2033:
2026:Swart gevaar
2024:
2008:
1964:
1955:
1896:
1798:Blikkiesdorp
1140:Pre-colonial
993:Natal Colony
977:Zulu Kingdom
891:South Africa
847:
767:Gupta family
762:Farm attacks
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
672:
665:
503:
426:
416:Trade unions
342:(CONTRALESA)
301:
187:Western Cape
147:Eastern Cape
91:
73:Bloemfontein
62:
58:
50:
29:South Africa
20:
18:
2010:Rooi gevaar
1889:2021 unrest
1819:Nkandlagate
1648:Third Force
1525:Rugby union
1123:(1981–1994)
1115:(1979–1994)
1107:(1977–1994)
1099:(1976–1994)
1091:(1910–1961)
1083:(1902–1910)
1075:(1902–1910)
1067:(1886–1891)
1059:(1885–1887)
1051:(1884–1888)
1043:(1882–1885)
1035:(1882–1883)
1027:(1870–1873)
1019:(1861–1879)
1011:(1856–1902)
1003:(1854–1902)
995:(1843–1910)
987:(1839–1843)
979:(1816–1897)
971:(1795–1910)
969:Cape Colony
961: 1780
946: 1780
933:(1652–1806)
923: 1220
916: 1075
832:Third Force
822:Shack fires
659:periodicals
140:By province
71:sitting in
53:Defence Act
3050:Categories
2821:Greyshirts
2585:Volksparty
2123:Black Sash
1784:Xenophobia
1777:Travelgate
1550:Border War
1354:Bantustans
1252:Great Trek
1197:Xhosa Wars
1057:Upingtonia
1041:Stellaland
595:Xenophobia
535:Corruption
286:Trotskyism
266:Liberalism
256:Federalism
219:Ideologies
177:North West
172:Mpumalanga
152:Free State
83:References
2999:apartheid
2044:Volkstaat
2035:Uitlander
1966:Boerehaat
1942:Anarchism
1749:Arms Deal
1712:apartheid
1388:Pass laws
1365:Apartheid
1310:1910–1948
1229:1815–1910
1167:1652–1815
827:Terrorism
757:e-tolling
752:Elections
681:ANC Today
657:Books and
570:Toyi-toyi
357:Keep Left
324:AfriForum
314:political
236:Anarchism
211:movements
209:Political
37:Apartheid
27:(COs) in
2942:politics
2912:Category
2814:Boeremag
2312:Jeugkrag
2263:Het Volk
1957:Baasskap
1899:incident
1518:Olympics
1097:Transkei
900:polities
898:Defunct
849:Category
812:Protests
772:HIV/AIDS
560:Renaming
447:(PASSOP)
261:Feminism
241:Anti-war
2717:SAAPAWU
2055:Defunct
2018:Slavery
1238:Mfecane
792:Lindela
674:Amandla
615:Slogans
392:(SASCO)
386:(SALSA)
380:(PAGAD)
348:(COSAS)
167:Limpopo
157:Gauteng
2668:FOSATU
2522:SAYRCO
2494:SADECO
2410:Occupy
1949:Azania
1897:Lady R
1826:Racism
1655:CODESA
1132:Events
1121:Ciskei
1033:Goshen
963:–1819)
948:–1817)
575:Ubuntu
530:Azania
403:(ZACF)
374:(LGEP)
312:Other
3005:is a
2944:is a
2849:PAGAD
2745:SATUC
2738:SARHU
2724:SACTU
2703:NURHS
2661:FNETU
2647:CTSWU
2640:CNETU
2633:BLATU
2515:SAYCO
2403:NUSAS
2284:IDASA
2095:AITUP
1710:Post-
1113:Venda
742:Crime
730:Other
336:(AWB)
3007:stub
2946:stub
2856:SANF
2786:APLA
2731:SAIF
2710:PAWE
2696:NEUM
2689:MUSA
2654:FCWU
2599:WOSA
2550:TNIP
2508:SASO
2501:SAIC
2487:SABP
2438:PAVN
2172:COSG
2151:CTEG
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427:see
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2793:ARM
2759:UDF
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2305:ISL
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2102:APO
498:Law
418:and
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111:v
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